High School Quizbowl Packet Archive

 2017 Maryland FallPacket 10Edited by Jordan Brownstein, Weijia Cheng, and Sam RombroQuestions by Alex Echikson, Jack Nolan, Weijia Cheng, Sarang Yeola, Justin Hawkins, Ani Perumalla, Yu Lu, Siri Neerchal, Jordan Brownstein, Naveed Chowdhury, Graham Reid, Rohan Laljani, and Nathan FredmanTossups1. A character doubts that the protagonist of a novel attended this university, since no one who did would ever wear a pink suit. Paul Pennyfeather is expelled from this university after he runs across its campus without his pants on in the novel Decline and Fall. Jay Gatsby reveals that he only attended this university for a few months after being released by the army. Charles (*) Ryder studies history at this university in Evelyn Waugh’s novel Brideshead Revisited. It’s not Harvard, but this university names a punctuation mark placed before the word “and” in a series of terms. For 10 points, name this university whose press publishes a standard English dictionary.ANSWER: University of Oxford [accept Oxford comma or the Oxford English Dictionary]<AP, World/Other Lit>2. In order to supply water to New York, this politician founded the Manhattan Company, which became involved in banking. This politician, who defeated Philip Schuyler in a Senate election, turned Tammany Hall into a political machine. This politician was involved in a plot with “Number Thirteen,” a Spanish agent and US Army officer named James (*) Wilkinson, leading to this politician being tried for treason. That plot sought to establish an independent government in the West by invading Mexico. For 10 points, name this vice president under Thomas Jefferson, who instigated a duel at Weehawken, New Jersey, which led to the death of Alexander Hamilton.ANSWER: Aaron Burr Jr.<AE, American Hist>3. An orbital with this quantum number for orbital angular momentum has five different possible values for the quantum number for magnetic angular momentum. A substrate and nucleophile are involved in the rate determining step of the nucleophilic substitution reaction denoted by this number. This number gives the most stable oxidation state of manganese which often appears in salts as a pale pink color. (*) Ethylene contains this many carbon atoms, and this is the number of valence electrons in alkaline earth metals. For 10 points, give the number of neutrons in an alpha particle, the atomic number of helium.ANSWER: two [or 2; accept 2-plus or plus-2 or positive 2]<SY, Chemistry>4. During this war, Toni Frissell was the official photographer of the Women’s Army Corps, while George Strock’s pictures of Buna Beach were the first photos of dead Americans during this war. Margaret Bourke-White photographed POWs in this war, during which Robert Capa took a series of photos known as the “Magnificent Eleven.” Another photo from this war taken by (*) Joe Rosenthal was used as model for a sculpture near Arlington National Cemetery, and depicts six marines performing the title action. For 10 points, the photograph Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima was taken during what 20th-century war?ANSWER: World War II<AE, Any Art>5. In Eastern churches, this ritual begins with an invocation of the Holy Spirit called the epiclesis. Since 1970, the words “mysterium fidei” have been omitted from the Words of Institution in a form of this ritual. Lutherans adhere to the doctrine of “sacramental union” regarding (*) “real presence” during this ritual. The Catholic form of this ritual involves saying, “Take this, all of you, and eat of it; for this is my body which will be given up for you.” Transubstantiation is the belief that the substance of the items central to this ritual becomes the body and blood of Christ. For 10 points, name this Christian ritual in which participants consume bread and wine.ANSWER: Eucharist [or Mass or Holy Communion or Lord’s Supper or Divine Liturgy]<WC, Religion>6. In a dream sequence in this novel, a woman watches a man with a rifle kill three people on a hill, then refuses to be shot by the man. A character in this novel is killed while protesting in Cambodia in an attempt to be part of the “Grand March of History.” Earlier, this novel describes that Swiss university professor making love to a woman wearing a (*) bowler hat. Besides Franz and Sabina, a seducer in this novel works as a window washer after authoring an article critical of the Communist regime. The dog Karenin is put down by Tomá? and Tereza, in, for 10 points, what novel partly set during the Prague Spring by Milan Kundera?ANSWER: The Unbearable Lightness of Being<AE, European Lit>7. The history of this empire was chronicled by Mahmud Kati in the Tarikh al-Fattash. A ruler of this empire supposedly spent seven years, seven months, and seven days besieging Jenne before the city finally fell to him. Another ruler of this empire came to power after winning at the Battle of Anfao. An army led by Judar Pasha and equipped with gunpowder weapons defeated this empire at the Battle of Tondibi and conquered it for (*) Morocco. This empire was briefly ruled by Sonni Baru, the son of its founder Sonni Ali. For 10 points, name this West African empire that was ruled from the city of Gao by Muhammad Askia, which followed the empire of Mali.ANSWER: Songhai empire [or Songhay empire]<AE, World Hist>8. The fine structure constant is the square of ratio of the elementary and Planck values of this quantity. This quantity is carried by holes in p-type semiconductors, carried by free particles in n-type semiconductors. In a conductor, carriers of this quantity move toward the (*) surface so that there is is no electric field in the interior. This quantity is multiplied by E plus v cross B in the Lorentz force law. The product of two values of this quantity appears in the numerator of the Coulomb force. For 10 points, name this quantity carried by electrons and protons which is measured in coulombs, symbolized q.ANSWER: electric charge<JN, Physics>9. The sets of Terrence Mallick’s film Days of Heaven and Hitchcock’s Psycho were inspired by this artist’s painting of a Victorian mansion on a hill. This artist of House by the Railroad depicted the shadow of a barber’s pole on an empty street in Early Sunday Morning. This artist used his wife Josephine as the model for two twin-like seated women who face each other across a table at a (*) Chinese restaurant in his painting Chop Suey. A sign for five-cent Phillies cigars can be found at the top of a painting by this artist that depicts three people seated at the bar of a diner. For 10 points, name this American artist who painted Nighthawks.ANSWER: Edward Hopper<WC, Visual Arts>10. This crop is combined with soy sauce to make the sauce for satay, a skewered meat dish originating from Southeast Asia. A kind of candy popular in Ohio called “buckeye candy” consists of a filling made from this crop covered in chocolate. Prior to assuming the presidency, Jimmy Carter placed his farm for this crop into a blind trust. Along with sweet potato, the planting of this crop was advocated by George Washington (*) Carver, who discovered numerous uses for it. Through Gullah, the word “goober,” a name for this crop, entered the English language. For 10 points, name this legume, which is often eaten in a spread combined with grape jelly.ANSWER: peanuts<AE, Social Science>11. Paul Beneke fought for this organization against England during a war ended by the Treaty of Utrecht, which returned the Steelyard in London to this organization. After this organization lost control over the town of Visby on Gotland, this organization signed the Treaty of Stralsund with Valdemar IV. Members of this organization were expelled from their (*) kontor at Novgorod by Ivan the Terrible. This organization, whose members formed the Confederation of Cologne, grew out of an alliance between the cities Hamburg and Lübeck. For 10 points, during the Middle Ages, which trade league of German towns dominated trade in Northern Europe?ANSWER: Hanseatic League [or Hanse or Hansa]<AE, European Hist>12. One of this author’s novels is about the fisherman Henry Morgan, who smuggles a Chinese immigrant family into the United States. This author of To Have and To Have Not also wrote the stories “Indian Camp” and “Big Two-Hearted River,” both of which feature the recurring character (*) Nick Adams. In another novel by this author, a friend of Lieutenant Rinaldi abandons the Italian Army and rows to Switzerland with the nurse Catherine Barkley, who dies during childbirth. For 10 points, name this American author who wrote about Frederic Henry in A Farewell to Arms and about the fisherman Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea.ANSWER: Ernest Hemingway<AE, American Lit>13. During the early stages of this geologic time period, the supercontinent Rodinia broke apart. Despite occurring between two ice ages, there was no glaciation during this geological time period, which also had high concentrations of Lagerst?tte (“LAH-gur-SHTET-uh”) sediment. Many fossils from the Atdabanian and Tommotian stage of this period were found in the (*) Burgess Shale of British Columbia. Arthropods and trilobites first appeared in this period. It was followed by the Ordovician. For 10 points, name this first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, whose namesake “explosion” saw a vast increase in biodiversity.ANSWER: Cambrian Explosion<AE, Other Sci>14. This country’s coffee growers sued Café Britt in 2006 over its use of the slogan “Juan Valdez drinks Costa Rican coffee”; that slogan refers to a fictional character representing this country’s coffee industry. Cerrejón, the world’s largest open-pit coal mine, can be found in this country’s La Guajira Department. This country’s Magdalena River is connected by the Dique Canal to the city of (*) Cartagena, a port on the Caribbean Sea. The drug lord Pablo Escobar ran a major drug cartel based in this country’s city of Medellín, which was once regarded as the most dangerous city in the world. For 10 points, name this South American country whose capital is Bogotá.ANSWER: Colombia<AE, Geo/CE>15. Like King Arthur, this person proved his greatness by drawing a sword from a stone. This descendant of Joseph of Arimathea used a white shield with a red cross, and was allowed to choose the exact moment of his death. This son of Elaine of Corbenic was conceived when his father was tricked into thinking his mother was (*) Guinevere. This man was accompanied by Sir Bors and Sir Percival on his most famous quest, which began after this man sat in the Siege Perilous and was unharmed. For 10 points, name this son of Lancelot and Knight of the Round Table who found the Holy Grail.ANSWER: Sir Galahad<AE, Myth>16. A planned military coup called Operation Resurrection was intended to restore this leader to power following an invasion of Corsica. This leader remarked, “They shot like pigs” following an assassination attempt by the OAS. During Expo 67, Lester Pearson told this leader, “Canadians do not need to be liberated” after this leader shouted to a crowd in Montreal, “Vive le (*) Québec libre!” This leader’s government signed the ?vian Accords, which granted Algeria independence. For 10 points, name this general who led the Free French forces during World War II and later became the first president of the French Fifth Republic.ANSWER: Charles de Gaulle [or Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle]<AE, European Hist>17. This composer’s Fugue in A major contains no harmonic dissonance, using key changes instead to produce musical contrast. This composer’s ballet about the misadventures of a soccer team is titled The Golden Age. The last movement of this composer’s Fifth Symphony supposedly depicts “forced rejoicing,” although official sources described the symphony as an (*) “artist’s creative response to justified criticism.” His Seventh Symphony was performed to invigorate troops under siege at Leningrad. For 10 points, name this Soviet composer who represented himself with a “D-S-C-H” motif in his Tenth Symphony.ANSWER: Dmitri Shostakovich<JN, Auditory Arts>18. A poem that responds to this earlier poem describes a girl “dependable as they come” who the speaker sometimes gives “a bottle of Nuit d’Amour.” Anthony Hecht parodied this poem, which describes how though the world “seems to lie before us like a land of dreams,” it “hath neither joy, nor love, nor light.” It discusses “the turbid (*) ebb and flow of human misery” that “Sophocles long ago heard… on the Aegean.” The speaker of this poem entreats “Ah, love, let us be true to one another!” due to his being “here as on a darkling plain… where ignorant armies clash by night.” For 10 points, name this poem set near the “cliffs of England” by Matthew Arnold.ANSWER: “Dover Beach”<YL, British Lit>19. In one experiment, this organism developed a mutation to a gene responsible for the energy coupling of ferrochrome-promoted iron transport system; that was the Luria–Delbrück experiment. An experiment involving this organism grown in media containing nitrogen-14 and nitrogen-15 confirmed the (*) semi-conservative hypothesis of DNA replication. T2 viruses labeled with sulfur-14 and phosphorus-32 infected this organism in another experiment that proved DNA is the inherited genetic material. For 10 points, the Hershey–Chase and Meselson–Stahl experiments used what bacterial model organism found in the large intestine?ANSWER: E. coli [accept Escherichia coli]<SY, Biology>20. A singer from this country performed the most famous version of the song “Torn”; that singer is Natalie Imbruglia. A music video by a band from this country opens with a man tapping out a tune on some empty beer bottles. That 1980s song about this country contains the refrain “you better run, you better take cover” and mentions a man who “gave me a vegemite sandwich.” A traditional song from this country describes a “jolly swagman” who “stowed a (*) jumbuck in his tucker bag.” One band from this home country of Men at Work is known for songs like “Thunderstruck” and “Back in Black.” For 10 points, name this native country of Tame Impala, AC/DC, and the song “Waltzing Matilda.”ANSWER: Commonwealth of Australia<AP, Trash>Bonuses1. Along with “internationalism,” this word names a school of thought in international relations opposed to realism, which emphasizes international institutions and promoting democracy internationally. For 10 points each:[10] Name this word, which names a political philosophy that emphasizes individual freedom, advocated by John Stuart Mill. Friedrich Hayek described himself with this word in his essay “Why I am Not a Conservative.”ANSWER: liberal [accept liberalism or liberal internationalism][10] Amartya Sen described a “liberal paradox” which states that no social system can satisfy both “minimal liberalism” and this condition, in which no one can be made better off without making someone else worse off.ANSWER: Pareto optimality [or Pareto efficiency or Pareto efficient][10] In The End of History and the Last Man, published in 1992 after the fall of the Soviet Union, this political theorist claimed that Western-style liberal democracy represents the final form of human government.ANSWER: Francis Fukuyama<WC, Social Science>2. HbA1c is a type of hemoglobin used to measure a three-month average of this compound in the blood. For 10 points each:[10] Name this compound that can be measured at home by pricking the finger and inserting a small amount of blood into a meter.ANSWER: blood glucose [prompt on blood sugar][10] A consistently high blood glucose level is the main symptom of this disease. Type II of this disease is characterized by an improper use of the insulin produced by the body.ANSWER: diabetes mellitus[10] Typical blood glucose monitors use enzymes like this one that in glycolysis is responsible for transferring a phosphate group from ATP to create glucose-6-phosphate.ANSWER: hexokinase<SY, Biology>3. An adherent of this religious leader’s teachings was Ulfilas, who invented the Gothic alphabet and converted the Goths to Christianity. For 10 points each:[10] Name this presbyter from Alexandria, who was condemned as a heretic for teaching that Jesus was created by God, and was therefore subordinate to God.ANSWER: Arius [accept Arianism][10] Arianism was condemned at this first ecumenical council. This council’s namesake creed declared that God the Father and God the Son are of one substance.ANSWER: First Council of Nicaea [do not accept “Second Council of Nicaea”][10] The First Council of Nicaea was convened by this emperor, who was said to have converted to Christianity after seeing the Chi Rho in the sky and being told “In this sign you will conquer.”ANSWER: Constantine the Great [or Constantine I]<AE, European Hist>4. This novel is framed as a discussion between the protagonist and her friend Pheoby Watson on a porch. For 10 points each:[10] Name this novel by Zora Neale Hurston, which follows Janie’s marriages to: Logan Killicks, an old farmer; Jody Starks, the mayor of Eatonville; and Tea Cake, whom Janie shoots after he is bitten by a rabid dog.ANSWER: Their Eyes Were Watching God[10] In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie’s grandmother Nanny proclaims that the black woman is this animal for the world. In the novel, Matt Bonner frees a yellow one of these animals, which partly title a folklore collection by Hurston.ANSWER: mules [or Mules and Men][10] Their Eyes Were Watching God is set in this US state’s town of Eatonville, as well as in its Everglades region, where Janie and Tea Cake work in “the muck” before a hurricane strikes near Lake Okeechobee.ANSWER: Florida<WC, American Lit>5. Algorithms designed for these devices include Grover’s algorithm, the Deutsch–Josza algorithm, and Shor’s algorithm. For 10 points each:[10] Name these devices that use superpositions of qubit (“Q-bit”) states to perform non-classical computations.ANSWER: quantum computers[10] Shor’s algorithm can be used to perform this task on large numbers, which could allow quantum computers to break RSA encryption. One of the simplest algorithms for performing this task is trial division.ANSWER: factorization [accept integer factorization or prime factorization; accept word forms][10] Two answers required. The qubits used in quantum computers can be expressed as combinations of states labeled with these two numbers. These two numbers appear in the binary expressions used by computers.ANSWER: zeroes AND ones<JN, Other Sci>6. This man’s namesake shouting helped saved Mount Olympus from the Titans’ assault. For 10 points each[10] Name this Greek god of nature who played a flute made of reeds and spent much of his free time pursuing nymphs.ANSWER: Pan[10] Pan was often depicted with goat legs, a feature shared by these half-goat, half-man creatures who were often depicted partying with Dionysus.ANSWER: satyrs [or fauns][10] King Midas received the ears of an ass for his opinion on one of these events presided over by the mountain god Tmolus that involved Apollo and Pan. The satyr Marsyas was flayed after participating in another event of this sort.ANSWER: music contests with Apollo [accept obvious synonyms for “contest”; accept contests involving specific instruments, such as reed flutes or lyres; prompt on contests or synonyms alone]<AE, Myth>7. In this work, a sailor is carried away by a giant bird called a roc. For 10 points each:[10] Name this collection of stories that in one version includes the story of Sinbad the Sailor. Scheherazade tells these Arabic-language tales to King Shahryar in their frame story.ANSWER: One Thousand and One Nights [or Arabian Nights][10] In a story from One Thousand and One Nights, most of this villainous group are killed when the servant-girl Morgiana pours boiling oil on them. This group uses the words “open sesame” to access their treasure.ANSWER: the forty thieves [the story is “Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves”][10] This British explorer, who was the first European to see Lake Tanganyika, translated One Thousand and One Nights into English.ANSWER: Richard Francis Burton<SN, World/Other Lit>8. Walter Pater influenced the Aesthetic Movement with his claim that “all art aspires to the condition of” this art form. For 10 points each:[10] Name this general art form whose naming conventions were adopted by James Whistler for paintings with subtitles such as The Falling Rocket and The White Girl.ANSWER: classical music[10] Whistler’s musically titled Arrangement in Grey and Black No.?1 depicts a woman with this familial relation to him wearing a black dress and sitting in profile.ANSWER: his mother[10] Whistler filed a lawsuit against this Victorian critic and author of Modern Painters for accusing him of “flinging a pot of paint in the public’s face” via the painting Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket.ANSWER: John Ruskin<JB, Visual Arts>9. Prior to becoming the nominal head of his country’s government, this leader sent soldiers to suppress striking workers in the hydroelectric industries during the Menstad battle. For 10 points each:[10] Name this fascist leader and collaborator with Nazi Germany, who led the Nasjonal Samling party. This leader’s name is now used as a synonym for traitor.ANSWER: Vidkun Quisling[10] Quisling ruled from Oslo during his collaboration with the Nazi occupation of this Scandinavian country.ANSWER: Norway [or Norge or Noreg][10] This reigning king during the Nazi occupation of Norway refused to appoint Quisling as prime minister. Johan Nygaardsvold served as prime minister for this king’s government-in-exile in London during World War II.ANSWER: Haakon VII<AE, European Hist>10. This novel suddenly mentions “George, who was lying on his face, dead, with a bullet through his heart.” during its Battle of Waterloo sequence. For 10 points each:[10] Name this satirical novel set during the Napoleonic wars and subtitled “A Novel Without a Hero,” which follows the scheming Becky Sharp and her pure school friend Amelia Sedley.ANSWER: Vanity Fair[10] William Thackeray took the title Vanity Fair from this allegorical book by John Bunyan, which follows Christian’s journey to the Celestial City.ANSWER: Pilgrim’s Progress[10] This title Irishman of a Thackeray novel deserts the British army, only to be forced into service for the Prussian army during the Seven Years’ War. He ends up in Fleet Prison after having won a seat in Irish parliament.ANSWER: Barry Lyndon [accept either name]<AE, British Lit>11. Answer some questions about solutions of gases and liquids, for 10 points each.[10] Raoult’s law states that for an ideal mixture, the partial pressure exerted by a solvent equals the molar fraction of a solvent times this value, the pressure exerted by a gas in over a liquid in a solution.ANSWER: vapor pressure[10] Given a substance’s temperature and enthalpy of vaporization, vapor pressure can be calculated with one form of this equation that can also be used to describe phase transitions.ANSWER: Clausius–Clapeyron equation[10] This law named for an English chemist says that for a mixture of gases, the total pressure of the mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas.ANSWER: Dalton’s law of partial pressures<AE, Chemistry>12. Name these composers who wrote popular cello pieces, for 10 points each.[10] This composer wrote two cello sonatas, one in E minor and the other in F major. His non-cello works include A German Requiem, Hungarian Dances, and a famous Lullaby.ANSWER: Johannes Brahms[10] This composer of the Enigma Variations wrote a cello concerto that was popularized by Jacqueline du Pré forty years after its premiere.ANSWER: Edward Elgar[10] A set of variations on Kol Nidrei for cello and orchestra, written by this composer, led to his music being banned in Nazi Germany. He also wrote a violin concerto that opens with a Vorspiel.ANSWER: Max Bruch<JN, Auditory Arts>13. In a 1993 essay for Wired magazine by William Gibson, this country was famously characterized as “Disneyland with the Death Penalty.” For 10 points each:[10] Name this country that was led for decades following its independence by Lee Kuan Yew, whose People’s Action Party has continually dominated this country’s politics.ANSWER: Singapore[10] Singapore was initially founded by this British statesman after he signed a treaty with Hussein Shah, the sultan of Johor. This statesman also served as the governor of Bengkulu.ANSWER: Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles[10] After becoming independent in 1959, Singapore became part of this country in 1963 before it seceded from this country in 1965. The British colonies of Malaya, Sarawak, and Sabah became part of this country.ANSWER: Malaysia<AE, World Hist>14. Answer the following about the 2016 UEFA European Championship. For 10 points each:[10] The tournament final was won by this Iberian nation over hosts France thanks to a goal scored by substitute striker ?der, despite this nation’s star player Cristiano Ronaldo being subbed off in the 25th minute.ANSWER: Portugal[10] England crashed out after a 1–2 loss to Iceland despite an early penalty scored by this English captain and record goalscorer. This former captain of Manchester United once tweeted “shut up u egg” at Piers Morgan.ANSWER: Wayne Rooney[10] Wales appeared in the European Championship for the first time in 2016 with a team led by Real Madrid striker Gareth Bale and this Arsenal midfielder.ANSWER: Aaron Ramsey<AP, Trash>15. At the end of this story, the title character dissolves into sea foam and is given a chance to earn an immortal soul. For 10 points each:[10] Name this fairy tale in which the title character gives up her ability to speak to become human, but commits suicide after she is unable to kill that same prince to end her suffering.ANSWER: “The Little Mermaid”[10] “The Little Mermaid” and other fairy tales such as “The Emperor’s New Clothes” were written by this Danish author.ANSWER: Hans Christian Andersen[10] This Andersen fairy tale centers on a battle between good and evil as seen by the children Kay and Gerda, the latter of whom uses the Lord’s Prayer to defend herself from the guards of the title character.ANSWER: “The Snow Queen”<AE, European Lit>16. A religious text named after this group describes the martyrdom of Eleazar and of a woman and her seven sons, who are collectively known as seven “holy martyrs” named after this group. For 10 points each:[10] Name this group that fought a rebellion against the religious policies of the king Antiochus. The namesake of this group was the son of Matthias.ANSWER: Maccabees [or Machabees][10] This holiday celebrates how a small jar of oil miraculously burned for eight days during the restoration of the Temple by the Maccabees. People who celebrate this Jewish holiday light eight candles on a menorah.ANSWER: Hanukkah [or Chanukah][10] The leader and namesake of the Maccabees, who was responsible for the restoration of the Temple, had this given name. After Jeroboam’s rebellion, Rehoboam ruled a kingdom of this name.ANSWER: Judas [or Judah; accept Judas Maccabeus or Judah Maccabee]<WC, Religion>17. In the triboelectric effect electric charge is transferred during this process. For 10 points each:[10] Name this force that opposes the direction of motion.ANSWER: friction [anti-prompt on drag][10] Friction depends on the magnitude of this force between an object and a surface. For a block on an incline, it equals mg times the cosine of the angle of the incline.ANSWER: normal force [prompt on N][10] The French scientist Guillaume Amontons discovered the following two laws of friction: the frictional force depends on the normal force, and the frictional force does not depend on this quantity.ANSWER: the area of contact<GR, Physics>18. Answer some questions about Senator Millard E.?Tydings, a University of Maryland alumnus and building dedicatee, for 10 points each.[10] As the chair of his namesake Tydings Committee, Tydings scrutinized the accusations of this Wisconsin senator, who claimed in a speech given in Wheeling that 205 communists had infiltrated the State Department.ANSWER: Joseph McCarthy[10] Tydings co-sponsored the Tydings-Mcduffie Act, which gave this territory independence after a 10-year period of transitional government as a Commonwealth.ANSWER: The Philippines [or Pilipinas or Filipinas][10] In 1930, Tydings published a book titled Before and After [this policy], arguing against this policy that was imposed by the Eighteenth Amendment and enforced through the Volstead Act.ANSWER: prohibition [accept descriptive answers like banning alcohol]<AE, American Hist>19. This philosopher stated that electing Donald Trump would lead to “a big awakening” for American politics in an apparent endorsement of his candidacy. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Slovenian philosopher, the author of The Pervert’s Guide to Ideology and The Sublime Object of Ideology.ANSWER: Slavoj ?i?ek (“SLAH-voy ZHEE-zhek”)[10] Despite his endorsement of Trump, much of ?i?ek’s critical analysis focuses on this left-wing philosopher, who wrote Das Kapital and co-wrote The Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels.ANSWER: Karl Marx[10] ?i?ek used psychoanalysis to explain this medium in his “Pervert’s Guide” to it. Creators of works in this medium were described as auteurs by Francois Truffaut, a creator of works of this sort.ANSWER: cinema [or films; or movies]<JN, Philosophy>20. In 2015, the prosecutor Alberto Nisman was found dead the day before he was to appear to before he was to testify before this country’s Congress about its president’s alleged cover-up in the AMIA case. For 10 points each:[10] Name this country, where Cristina Fernández de Kirchner’s hand-picked successor Daniel Scioli lost the 2015 presidential election to Mauricio Macri.ANSWER: Argentina[10] This country’s president Dilma Rousseff was impeached in 2016 following Operation Car Wash, which investigated corruption in the Petrobras oil company. That took place during the 2016 Olympics in this country.ANSWER: Brazil [or Brasil][10] This current Chilean president enjoyed high approval ratings until the Caval scandal, in which her daughter-in-law was found evading taxes with help from the Caval firm.ANSWER: Michelle Bachelet<AE, Geo/CE> ................
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