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Supplementary MaterialGenetic association studies of fibromuscular dysplasia identify new risk loci and shared genetic basis with more common vascular diseasesGeorges et al. METHODSDescription of case-control studiesARCADIAFMD patients were included from the ARCADIA (Assessment of Renal and Cervical Artery DysplasIA) register, a national FMD registry at the Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, ParisPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5QbG91aW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE3PC9ZZWFyPjxS
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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 1. The diagnosis of FMD was established using clinical information from the medical history, the interpretation of angiography and/or computed tomography scan of arterial beds after the exclusion of other causes of arterial stenosis such as atherosclerosis, Takayasu disease, Ehlers Danlos syndrome and neurofibromatosis type 1. Given the complexity of the interpretation of imaging of vascular diseases, a local panel of experts including clinicians from the departments of hypertension, radiology, vascular medicine and medical genetics validated the diagnosis. ARCADIA/PROFILE protocol was approved by the Ile-De-France research ethics committee (Comité de Protection des Personnes: CPP d’?le de France) on 03/04/2009 (ID: 2009-A00288-49).Three City (3C)The Three-City Study (3C Study) is a population-based longitudinal study of the relation between vascular diseases and dementia in persons aged 65 years and older ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Year>2003</Year><RecNum>148</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">2</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>148</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="dpw2dxvtedstrmeew2a5rr9bea000ze09vtw" timestamp="1598443575">148</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title>Vascular factors and risk of dementia: design of the Three-City Study and baseline characteristics of the study population</title><secondary-title>Neuroepidemiology</secondary-title><alt-title>Neuroepidemiology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neuroepidemiology</full-title><abbr-1>Neuroepidemiology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neuroepidemiology</full-title><abbr-1>Neuroepidemiology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>316-25</pages><volume>22</volume><number>6</number><edition>2003/11/06</edition><keywords><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>Aged, 80 and over</keyword><keyword>Cognition Disorders/epidemiology/*etiology</keyword><keyword>Data Collection</keyword><keyword>Dementia/epidemiology/*etiology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>France/epidemiology</keyword><keyword>Health Status</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Patient Selection</keyword><keyword>*Research Design</keyword><keyword>Risk Factors</keyword><keyword>Socioeconomic Factors</keyword><keyword>Vascular Diseases/*complications/epidemiology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2003</year><pub-dates><date>Nov-Dec</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0251-5350 (Print)
0251-5350</isbn><accession-num>14598854</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1159/000072920</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>2. Participants were recruited from three French cities: Bordeaux (South-West), Dijon (North-East) and Montpellier (South-East). The 3C Study extended from 1999 to 2012. Participants underwent regular extensive examination. Examination included measurements of traditional vascular risk factors (blood pressure, glycaemia, lipids, etc.), cognitive functions, and subclinical vascular diseases using carotid ultrasound and cerebral magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI). The study protocol was approved by “comité consultatif de protection des personnes dans la recherche biomédicale Bicêtre H?pital Bicêtre n°99-28 CCPPRB approved 10/06/99, 11/03/2003 and 17/03/2006.Mayo VDB Case-Control studyPotential FMD cases and controls were identified from the Mayo Vascular diseases Biorepository (VDB) ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Ye</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>166</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">3</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>166</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="dpw2dxvtedstrmeew2a5rr9bea000ze09vtw" timestamp="1599766112">166</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ye, Z.</author><author>Kalloo, F. S.</author><author>Dalenberg, A. K.</author><author>Kullo, I. J.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>An electronic medical record-linked biorepository to identify novel biomarkers for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease</title><secondary-title>Glob Cardiol Sci Pract</secondary-title><alt-title>Global cardiology science & practice</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Glob Cardiol Sci Pract</full-title><abbr-1>Global cardiology science & practice</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Glob Cardiol Sci Pract</full-title><abbr-1>Global cardiology science & practice</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>82-90</pages><volume>2013</volume><number>1</number><edition>2013/01/01</edition><keywords><keyword>atherosclerotic vascular disease</keyword><keyword>biorepository</keyword><keyword>electronic medical records</keyword><keyword>electronic phenotyping</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year></dates><isbn>2305-7823 (Print)
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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 5. DEFINE-FMD study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (Study ID: HS#13-00575/GCO#13–1118 and is registered with Identifier: NCT01967511.ARCADIA-POLPatients were recruited through the ARCADIA-POL (Assessment of Renal and Cervical Artery Dysplasia - POLAND) study, a nation-wide Polish registry for FMDPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Eb2Jyb3dvbHNraTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTg8L1ll
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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 6. From January 2015 until December 2018, 343 patients, women and men aged more than 18 years were referred from 32 centers in Poland and were evaluated for suspicion of FMD in the Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland. FMD lesions in at least one vascular bed were confirmed in 232 patients using whole-body angio-computed tomography. We analysed 129 patients for whom we excluded atherosclerotic stenosis and syndromes where FMD-like lesions are often observed (eg, Ehlers Danlos, Loeys-Dietz). ARCADIA-Pol study was approved by Local Ethics Comittee, Institute of Cardiology, IK-NPIA-0021017/1482/17. WOBASZIIWe used 298 controls from a randomly ascertained sample from the WOBASZ II (Multicentre National Population Health Examination Survey) study, a population-based Polish cohortPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EcnlnYXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFyPjxS
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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 7. The WOBASZ II study was planned as a cross-sectional survey of a random sample of Polish residents aged over 20 years. The selection, using the National Identity Card Registry of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, was made as a three-stage sampling, stratified according to administrative units (voivodeships), type of urbanisation (commune), and gender. The study protocol consisted of a questionnaire used in face-to-face interviews, physical examination, and blood samples. WOBASZ II was coordinated by the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention and Health Promotion of the Institute of Cardiology in Warsaw in cooperation with medical universities in Gdansk, Katowice, Krakow, Lodz, and Poznan. The study was accepted by the Field Bioethics Committee of the Institute of Cardiology in Warsaw.University of Michigan/Cleveland Clinic case control studyFMD patients were recruited at the University of Michigan (UM) and/or the Cleveland Clinic. UM FMD cases were recruited into an IRB-approved study through a referral clinic at the University of Michigan and through self-referral to the study. The Cleveland Clinic cases were enrolled among consecutive patients seen at a dedicated FMD referral clinic. Clinical diagnosis of FMD was ascertained by a vascular medicine specialist after review of diagnostic imaging and prior to blood sample collection. DNAs from healthy controls without vascular disease were obtained from the Cleveland Clinic GeneBank, which was approved by the Cleveland Clinic IRB. Genomic DNA was isolated from a peripheral blood or saliva sample. The Michigan Genomics Initiative (MGI) is a program that recruited participants while awaiting diagnostic, interventional, and surgical procedures. Participants provided a blood sample for genetic analysis and agreed to link their sample to their electronic health record and other sources of health informationPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Gcml0c2NoZTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTg8L1llYXI+
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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 9. The hypertension variable was defined as any ICD code containing the “hypertension” term for MGI controls. The UM/Cleveland case control study was approved by each institution IRB protocols: The University of Michigan IRB number HUM00044507 and the Cleveland Clinic IRB number 10–318.FMD European/International Registry and Initiative (FEIRI)Patients were enrolled through the European/International FMD Registry and Initiative (FEIRI)PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5QYXBwYWNjb2dsaTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMjA8L1ll
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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 10. FMD was defined as the presence of an idiopathic, segmental, nonatherosclerotic, and noninflammatory stenosis (either with focal or string-of-beads appearance) of a small- or medium-sized artery in at least 1 vascular bed, documented with computed tomographic angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, or catheter-based angiography imaging. Patients with a suspicion of FMD only based on duplex ultrasound were excluded. Patients whose primary diagnosis was spontaneous coronary artery dissection were not eligible, even in the presence of extracoronary FMD lesions. Data on demographic and FMD characteristics were collected through the FMD Registry. All centres included in FEIRI received approval from the respective local/ national ethics committees.ASKLEPIOS The Asklepios Study is a longitudinal population study focusing on the interplay between ageing, cardiovascular haemodynamics and inflammation in preclinical cardiovascular diseasePEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SaWV0enNjaGVsPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNzwvWWVh
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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 23. R package Matrix eQTL v.2.1.1 was used to compute cis- regulated expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in the cohorts of cases, controls and cases plus controls respectively ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Shabalin</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>162</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">24</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>162</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="dpw2dxvtedstrmeew2a5rr9bea000ze09vtw" timestamp="1598597717">162</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Shabalin, A. A.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. shabalin@email.unc.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Matrix eQTL: ultra fast eQTL analysis via large matrix operations</title><secondary-title>Bioinformatics</secondary-title><alt-title>Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Bioinformatics</full-title><abbr-1>Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Bioinformatics</full-title><abbr-1>Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1353-8</pages><volume>28</volume><number>10</number><edition>2012/04/12</edition><keywords><keyword>Algorithms</keyword><keyword>Cystic Fibrosis/genetics</keyword><keyword>*Gene Expression</keyword><keyword>Genotype</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Models, Genetic</keyword><keyword>*Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</keyword><keyword>*Quantitative Trait Loci</keyword><keyword>*Software</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2012</year><pub-dates><date>May 15</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1367-4803 (Print)
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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 12. Then, the transposition reaction was purified with MinElute PCR Purification Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany). Library amplification was performed as described previously. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Buenrostro</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>11</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">13</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>11</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="eezewsvwaf095texdd4vfrvdzzaxazxfvwpf">11</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Buenrostro, J. D.</author><author>Wu, B.</author><author>Chang, H. Y.</author><author>Greenleaf, W. J.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
Program in Epithelial Biology and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.</auth-address><titles><title>ATAC-seq: A Method for Assaying Chromatin Accessibility Genome-Wide</title><secondary-title>Curr Protoc Mol Biol</secondary-title><alt-title>Current protocols in molecular biology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Curr Protoc Mol Biol</full-title><abbr-1>Current protocols in molecular biology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Curr Protoc Mol Biol</full-title><abbr-1>Current protocols in molecular biology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>21 29 1-21 29 9</pages><volume>109</volume><keywords><keyword>Chromatin/*genetics/*metabolism</keyword><keyword>Cytological Techniques/*methods</keyword><keyword>High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing</keyword><keyword>Molecular Biology/*methods</keyword><keyword>Protein Binding</keyword><keyword>Recombination, Genetic</keyword><keyword>Staining and Labeling/*methods</keyword><keyword>Transposases/metabolism</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2015</year><pub-dates><date>Jan 5</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1934-3647 (Electronic)
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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 12. ATAC-seq libraries were sequenced using 42 paired-end sequencing cycles on an Illumina NextSeq500 system at the high throughput sequencing core facility of Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (CNRS, France, Centre de Recherche de Gif – ). Reads were demultiplexed using bcl2fastq2-2.18.12, and 31 to 95 million reads (fragments) were obtained per sample. Adapter sequences were trimmed using CutAdapt v1.15. Raw reads from healthy coronary artery samples were retrieved from sequence read archive (SRR2378591, SRR2378592, SRR2378593). Analyses were performed on the Galaxy webserver.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BZmdhbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTg8L1llYXI+PFJl
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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 14 Reads were mapped on GRCh38 (hg38) genome using Bowtie2 v2.3.4.3 with default settings, except reads could be paired at up to 2kb distance. Aligned reads were filtered using BAM filter v0.5.9, keeping only mapped, properly paired reads, and removing secondary alignment and PCR duplicate reads as well as blacklisted regions. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Amemiya</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>12</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">15</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>12</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="eezewsvwaf095texdd4vfrvdzzaxazxfvwpf">12</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Amemiya, H. M.</author><author>Kundaje, A.</author><author>Boyle, A. P.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. akundaje@stanford.edu.
Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. apboyle@umich.edu.
Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. apboyle@umich.edu.
Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. apboyle@umich.edu.</auth-address><titles><title>The ENCODE Blacklist: Identification of Problematic Regions of the Genome</title><secondary-title>Sci Rep</secondary-title><alt-title>Scientific reports</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Sci Rep</full-title><abbr-1>Scientific reports</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Sci Rep</full-title><abbr-1>Scientific reports</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>9354</pages><volume>9</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2019</year><pub-dates><date>Jun 27</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>2045-2322 (Electronic)
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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 17 Peaks enriched in arteries in both conditions were taken as artery specific peaks (N = 5251). clusterProfiler v3.14.0 was used to annotate genes at proximity (≤10kb, 1425 genes) of ATAC-Seq peaks and identify enriched gene ontology terms. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Yu</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>16</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">18</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>16</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="eezewsvwaf095texdd4vfrvdzzaxazxfvwpf">16</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Yu, G.</author><author>Wang, L. G.</author><author>Han, Y.</author><author>He, Q. Y.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.</auth-address><titles><title>clusterProfiler: an R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters</title><secondary-title>OMICS</secondary-title><alt-title>Omics : a journal of integrative biology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>OMICS</full-title><abbr-1>Omics : a journal of integrative biology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>OMICS</full-title><abbr-1>Omics : a journal of integrative biology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>284-7</pages><volume>16</volume><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>Animals</keyword><keyword>Gene Expression Profiling/*methods</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Mice</keyword><keyword>*Multigene Family</keyword><keyword>Programming Languages</keyword><keyword>Proteomics/*methods</keyword><keyword>Software</keyword><keyword>*Transcriptome</keyword><keyword>Yeasts</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2012</year><pub-dates><date>May</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1557-8100 (Electronic)
1536-2310 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>22455463</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> Identified GOBP terms were clustered using REVIGO webserver (), with “medium” settings. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Supek</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>17</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">19</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>17</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="eezewsvwaf095texdd4vfrvdzzaxazxfvwpf">17</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Supek, F.</author><author>Bosnjak, M.</author><author>Skunca, N.</author><author>Smuc, T.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Division of Electronics, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia. fran.supek@irb.hr</auth-address><titles><title>REVIGO summarizes and visualizes long lists of gene ontology terms</title><secondary-title>PLoS One</secondary-title><alt-title>PloS one</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PLoS One</full-title><abbr-1>PloS one</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>PLoS One</full-title><abbr-1>PloS one</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>e21800</pages><volume>6</volume><number>7</number><keywords><keyword>*Algorithms</keyword><keyword>Computational Biology/*methods</keyword><keyword>Gene Expression Regulation</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Internet</keyword><keyword>*Molecular Sequence Annotation</keyword><keyword>Software</keyword><keyword>Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism</keyword><keyword>User-Computer Interface</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year></dates><isbn>1932-6203 (Electronic)
1932-6203 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21789182</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> We used DAVID webserver () to perform functional annotation clustering with default parameters except GO FAT categories were added to the analysis. Whole transcriptome sequencing of primary dermal fibroblastsWhole transcriptome sequencing for primary fibroblast cell lines from the DEFINE-FMD study was performed on an Illumina HiSeq2000 using single end 100 base pair library preparation. Quality control was performed using FASTQC (bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/fastqc/) that checks raw sequence data for per-base quality, per-sequence quality, number of duplicate reads, number of reads with an adaptor, sequence length distribution, per-base GC content, per-sequence GC content and Kmer content. GENCODE 29 was used as reference annotation to quantify gene and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression. Sequencing reads (fastq files) were mapped to GRCh38 human reference genome using STAR aligner (version 3.6.0c) with default mapping parameters ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Dobin</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>160</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">20</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>160</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="dpw2dxvtedstrmeew2a5rr9bea000ze09vtw" timestamp="1598597386">160</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Dobin, A.</author><author>Davis, C. A.</author><author>Schlesinger, F.</author><author>Drenkow, J.</author><author>Zaleski, C.</author><author>Jha, S.</author><author>Batut, P.</author><author>Chaisson, M.</author><author>Gingeras, T. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA. dobin@cshl.edu</auth-address><titles><title>STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner</title><secondary-title>Bioinformatics</secondary-title><alt-title>Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Bioinformatics</full-title><abbr-1>Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Bioinformatics</full-title><abbr-1>Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>15-21</pages><volume>29</volume><number>1</number><edition>2012/10/30</edition><keywords><keyword>Algorithms</keyword><keyword>Cluster Analysis</keyword><keyword>Gene Expression Profiling</keyword><keyword>Genome, Human</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>RNA Splicing</keyword><keyword>Sequence Alignment/*methods</keyword><keyword>Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods</keyword><keyword>*Software</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year><pub-dates><date>Jan 1</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1367-4803 (Print)
1367-4803</isbn><accession-num>23104886</accession-num><urls></urls><custom2>PMC3530905</custom2><electronic-resource-num>10.1093/bioinformatics/bts635</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>20. Low counts were removed by keeping genes where the count per million (cpm) is greater than 1 in at least two samples. After filtering zero and low counts, an average of 34 million reads were retained per sample. Primary FMD fibroblast RNA sequencing was performed as two cohorts, both with balanced numbers of cases and controls, and data were merged for subsequent analysis. Differential gene expression was analyzed by R (3.5.1) package sva ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Leek</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>161</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">21</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>161</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="dpw2dxvtedstrmeew2a5rr9bea000ze09vtw" timestamp="1598597453">161</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Leek, J. T.</author><author>Johnson, W. E.</author><author>Parker, H. S.</author><author>Jaffe, A. E.</author><author>Storey, J. D.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Biostatistics, JHU Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. jleek@jhsph.edu</auth-address><titles><title>The sva package for removing batch effects and other unwanted variation in high-throughput experiments</title><secondary-title>Bioinformatics</secondary-title><alt-title>Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Bioinformatics</full-title><abbr-1>Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Bioinformatics</full-title><abbr-1>Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>882-3</pages><volume>28</volume><number>6</number><edition>2012/01/20</edition><keywords><keyword>Gene Expression Profiling</keyword><keyword>Genomics</keyword><keyword>High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Regression Analysis</keyword><keyword>*Software</keyword><keyword>Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2012</year><pub-dates><date>Mar 15</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1367-4803 (Print)
1367-4803</isbn><accession-num>22257669</accession-num><urls></urls><custom2>PMC3307112</custom2><electronic-resource-num>10.1093/bioinformatics/bts034</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>21 and batch was adjusted as the covariate in linear regression model. Statistical significance was defined as combat p < 0.05.SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURE LEGENDSFigure S1. Gene-based and transcriptome wide association analysesa-c: Quantile-quantile plot representation of SNP-based association analysis in: a: all FMD cases study. b: Multifocal FMD study. c: Women FMD study. -log10 of observed association P-value is represented on the y-axis, expected P-value on the x-axis. Genomic control value (λGC) is indicated over the graph for each study.d-e: Manhattan plot representation of: d: SNP-based association analysis in all FMD cases. e: SNP-based association analysis in women FMD cases versus women controls. -log10 of association P-value is represented on the y-axis, genomic coordinates on the x-axis. Name of lead SNPs with P-value ≤ 5×10-8 are indicated.Figure S2. rs9349379-PHACTR1 eQTL in primary fibroblastsBoxplot representation of PHACTR1 normalized expression with respect to rs9349379 genotype in primary fibroblasts. a: FMD cases and controls. b: FMD patients only. c: Controls only. eQTL P-value is indicated.Figure S3. FMD-eQTL colocalization at ATP1B1 and LIMA1 lociColocalization plot of FMD association (x-axis, log scale of P-value) with arterial eQTL association (y-axis, log-scale of P-value) at ATP2B1 (a: ATP2B1-AS1) and LIMA1 (b: COX14, c: LIMA1, d: SMARCD1) loci. Dot color represents the LD r2 with the lead variant in 1000G European samples. FMD lead variant is highlighted (purple diamond). Approximate Bayes Factor Posterior Probability (PP.abf) for the two traits to share a common causal variant is indicated.Figure S4. FMD association and eQTLs at SLC24A3 locusa-b: LocusZoom representation of FMD association signal at proximity of SLC24A3 locus. Dot color indicates linkage disequilibrium of each variant with the highlighted lead variant (purple diamond). a: rs6046121. b: rs2424245. c-e: Violin plots representing normalized expression of SLC24A3 in artery tissue by genotype of variant. c: rs6046121 in tibial artery. d: rs6046121 in aorta. e: rs2424245 in tibial artery. eQTL P-value is indicated.Figure S5. Comparison of FMD TWAS analyses in multifocal and women FMDa-c: Manhattan plot representation of transcriptome-wide association analysis in multifocal FMD (a) and women FMD (c) with tibial artery gene expression models. -log10 of association P-value is represented on the y-axis, genomic coordinates on the x-axis. Name of genes with Bonferroni corrected P-value ≤0.05 are indicated. b-d: Volcano plot representation of TWAS. b: Multifocal FMD. d: Women FMD. TWAS Z-score is represented on the x-axis, -log10 of TWAS P-Value on the y-axis. Dashed line represents the threshold for significance adjusted for multiple testing. Name of genes with FDR ≤ 0.05 are indicated.Figure S6. Single-cell expression of FMD associated genes in mouse aortaViolin plot representation of the expression of FMD associated genes in the single cell analysis of mouse aorta tissue by Kalluri and colleaguesPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5LYWxsdXJpPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxOTwvWWVhcj48
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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 25. Unsupervised graph clustering was used to generate cell clusters, which were attributed to cell types according to the expression of canonical markers such as SMC markers Myh11, Acta2 or Tagln. Single-cell data were accessed and graphs were generated through Broad institute single cell portal (). a: Phactr1, b: Lrp1, c: Atp2b1, d: Atf1, e: Lima1, f: Slc24a3, g: Stat6. Query for Gpd1 retrieved no results.Figure S7. Gene expression of FMD associated genes in tibial artery tissue.Box-plot representation of the expression (in tags-per-million, y-axis, log scale) of FMD associated genes (x-axis) in the 663 tibial artery samples from GTEx database.Figure S8. Sex-specific expression of FMD associated genes in tibial artery tissue.Violin-plot representation of the expression (in tags-per-million, y-axis, log scale) of FMD associated genes (x-axis) in the female (F, N = 209) and male (M, N = 454) tibial artery samples from GTEx database. Student’s t-test P-value is indicated on the graph.Figure S9. Expression of FMD associated genes in patient-derived fibroblasts.Bar plot representation of the normalized expression of top FMD associated genes (A: PHACTR1, B: LRP1, C: ATP2B1, D: ATF1, E: LIMA1, F: SLC24A3) in dermal fibroblasts derived from FMD patients (N = 83) and matched control patients (N = 70). Differential gene expression P-value is indicated above the graph. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean.Figure S10. Colocalization of FMD association with other vascular traits and diseasesColocalization plot of FMD association (x-axis, log scale of P-value) with pulse pressure, systolic blood pressure, migraine, cervical artery dissection, and coronary artery disease association (y-axis, log-scale of P-value) at PHACTR1, LRP1, ATP2B1, LIMA1 and SLC24A3 loci. Dot color represents the LD r2 with the lead variant in 1000G European samples. Best candidate variant for colocalization is highlighted (purple diamond). Red stars indicate the loci with at least one FMD associated variant with suggestive association (P ≤ 10-5) for the second trait.REFERENCES ADDIN EN.REFLIST 1.Plouin, P.F. et al. High Prevalence of Multiple Arterial Bed Lesions in Patients With Fibromuscular Dysplasia: The ARCADIA Registry (Assessment of Renal and Cervical Artery Dysplasia). Hypertension 70, 652-658 (2017).2.Vascular factors and risk of dementia: design of the Three-City Study and baseline characteristics of the study population. Neuroepidemiology 22, 316-25 (2003).3.Ye, Z., Kalloo, F.S., Dalenberg, A.K. & Kullo, I.J. An electronic medical record-linked biorepository to identify novel biomarkers for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2013, 82-90 (2013).4.Gornik, H.L. et al. First International Consensus on the diagnosis and management of fibromuscular dysplasia. Vasc Med 24, 164-189 (2019).5.Olin, J.W. et al. 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THE EUROPEAN/INTERNATIONAL FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA REGISTRY AND INITIATIVE (FEIRI)- CLINICAL PHENOTYPES AND THEIR PREDICTORS BASED ON A COHORT OF ONE THOUSAND PATIENTS. Cardiovasc Res (2020).11.Rietzschel, E.R. et al. Rationale, design, methods and baseline characteristics of the Asklepios Study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 14, 179-91 (2007).12.Corces, M.R. et al. An improved ATAC-seq protocol reduces background and enables interrogation of frozen tissues. Nat Methods 14, 959-962 (2017).13.Buenrostro, J.D., Wu, B., Chang, H.Y. & Greenleaf, W.J. ATAC-seq: A Method for Assaying Chromatin Accessibility Genome-Wide. Curr Protoc Mol Biol 109, 21 29 1-21 29 9 (2015).14.Afgan, E. et al. The Galaxy platform for accessible, reproducible and collaborative biomedical analyses: 2018 update. Nucleic Acids Res 46, W537-W544 (2018).15.Amemiya, H.M., Kundaje, A. & Boyle, A.P. The ENCODE Blacklist: Identification of Problematic Regions of the Genome. 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Circulation 140, 147-163 (2019).Investigators of the European/International FMD Registry and Initiative (FEIRI) who contributed to this study.Belgium: Alexandre Persu, Marco Pappaccogli, Christophe Beauloye, Patrick Chenu, Frank Hammer, Pierre Goffette, Parla Astarci, André Peeters, Robert Verhelst and Miikka Vikkula (Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels); Patricia Van der Niepen and Frank Van Tussenbroek (Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels); Tine De Backer, Sofie Gevaert, Dimitri Hemelsoet and Luc Defreyne (Universitair Ziekenhuis Gent, Gent); Hilde Heuten, Laetitia Yperzeele and Thijs Van der Zijden (Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen, Antwerpen); Jean-Philippe Lengelé (Grand H?pital De Charleroi, Charleroi); Jean-Marie Krzesinski and Muriel Sprynger (CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège); Philippe Delmotte (Hopit?l Ambroise Paré, Mons); Peter Verhamme and Thomas Vanassche (UZ-Gasthuisberg, Leuven); Pasquale Scoppettuolo and Jean-Claude Wautrecht (University Hospital ULB Erasme, Brussels, Belgium); Wouter Vinck (GZA ziekenhuizen – campus Sint-Augustinus, Wilrijk). Croatia: Bojan Jelakovi? and Zivka Dika (Department of Nephrology, Arterial Hypertension, Dialysis and Transplantation, University Hospital Center Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia)Finland: Daniel Gordin, Ilkka Tikkanen, Maarit Venermo and RN Anita M?kel? (Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland)France: Laurent Toubiana (FEIRI platform- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris 6, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR_S1142, LIMICS?; IRSAN Research Institute for the valorization of health data, Paris, France).Germany: Felix Mahfoud, Juliane Dederer and Saarraaken Kulenthiran (Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar)Ireland: Caitriona Canning (St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland)Italy: Rosa Maria Bruno, Stefano Taddei and Alessandra Bacca (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa, Pisa), Ilaria Petrucci (Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa); Franco Rabbia, Marco Pappaccogli and Silvia Di Monaco (AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino); Gian Paolo Rossi, Silvia Lerco, Angiola Bolis, Laura Zotta and Livia Lenzini (University Hospital, Padova); Pietro Minuz, Giancarlo Mansueto, Sergio De Marchi, Denise Marcon (Università di Verona, Verona).The Netherlands: Daan J van Twist (Department of Internal Medicine, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Sittard/Heerlen), Bram Kroon and Peter de Leeuw (Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht); Wilko Spiering (University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht); Bert-Jan van den Born (Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam)Spain: Juan Diego Mediavilla and Fernando Jaen Aguila (Virgen of The Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain); Nicolas Roberto Robles (Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz); Esteban Poch, Enrique Montagud-Marrahi, Alicia Molina, Elena Guillen (Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University of Barcelona, Barcelona) and Marta Burrel (Department of Radiology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona)Switzerland: Gregor Wuerzner (Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine Lausanne University Hospital – CHUV, Lausanne); Lucia Mazzolai and Giacomo Buso (Division of Angiology, Heart and Vessel Department, Lausanne University Hospital - CHUV, Centre of rare vascular diseases and RAVAD registry, Lausanne).Tunisia: Fai?al Jarraya and Hanen Chaker (Service de Néphrologie, CHU Hédi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisie)International stroke genetics consortium (ISGC) intracranial aneurysm working groupMasato AkiyamaLaboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.Department of Ocular Pathology and Imaging Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.Varinder S. AlgStroke Research Centre, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK Marianne Bakke JohnsenK. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health (FORMI), Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.Mark K. BakkerDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Philippe BijlengaNeurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.Sigrid B?rteK. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health (FORMI), Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.Romain BourcierUniversité de Nantes, CHU Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France.CHU Nantes, Department of Neuroradiology, Nantes, France.Joseph P. BroderickUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.Ben M. BrumptonK. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.Zhengming ChenClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.Jerome DauvillierSIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics.Hubert DesalUniversité de Nantes, CHU Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France.CHU Nantes, Department of Neuroradiology, Nantes, France.Christian DinaUniversité de Nantes, CHU Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France.Fran?ois EugèneDepartment of Neuroradiology, University hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France.Mikael von Und Zu FraunbergNeurosurgery NeuroCenter Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland.Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland.Christoph M. FriedrichUniversity of Applied Science and Arts, Dortmund.Emília I. Gaál-PaavolaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland.Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Topeliuksenkatu 5, 00260, Helsinki, Finland.Jean-Christophe GentricDepartment of Neuroradiology, University hospital of Brest, Brest, France.Sven HirschZurich University of Applied Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Facility Management.Isabel C. HostettlerStroke Research Centre, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UKDepartment of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.Henry HouldenNeurogenetics Laboratory, The National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.Kristian HveemK. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.Juha E. J??skel?inenNeurosurgery NeuroCenter Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland.Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland.Yoichiro KamataniGraduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.Masaru KoidoLaboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.Liming LiSchool of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.Kuang LinClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.Antti LindgrenNeurosurgery NeuroCenter Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland.Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland.Olivier MartinSIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics.Koichi MatsudaGraduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.Iona Y. MillwoodClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.Sandrine MorelDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.Olivier NaggaraPediatric Radiology, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.Department of Neuroradiology, Sainte-Anne Hospital and Université Paris Descartes, INSERM UMR S894, Paris, France.Mika Niemel?Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland.Joanna PeraDepartment of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Botaniczna 3, 31-503, Krakow, Poland.Kristiina Rannikm?eCentre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.Guy A. RouleauMontreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.Marie S?fteland SandveiDepartment of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.The Cancer Clinic, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.Sabine SchillingZurich University of Applied Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Facility Management.Eimad ShotarDepartment of Neuroradiology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.Agnieszka SlowikDepartment of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Botaniczna 3, 31-503, Krakow, Poland.Cathie L.M. SudlowCentre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.UK Biobank, Cheadle, Stockport, UKRichard RedonUniversité de Nantes, CHU Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France.Gabriel J.E. RinkelDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The NetherlandsYnte M. RuigrokDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The NetherlandsRobin G. WaltersClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.David J. WerringStroke Research Centre, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.Cristen J. WillerDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA.Bendik S. WinsvoldDepartment of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.Daniel WooUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.Bradford B. WorrallDepartments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.Sirui ZhouLady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.John-Anker ZwartDepartment of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.MEGASTROKE CONSORTIUM?Rainer Malik?1, Ganesh Chauhan?2, Matthew Traylor?3, Muralidharan Sargurupremraj?4,5, Yukinori Okada?6,7,8, Aniket Mishra?4,5, Loes Rutten-Jacobs?3, Anne-Katrin Giese?9, Sander W van der Laan?10, Solveig Gretarsdottir?11, Christopher D Anderson?12,13,14,14, Michael Chong?15, Hieab HH Adams?16,17, Tetsuro Ago?18, Peter Almgren?19, Philippe Amouyel?20,21, Hakan Ay?22,13, Traci M Bartz?23, Oscar R Benavente?24, Steve Bevan?25, Giorgio B Boncoraglio?26, Robert D Brown, Jr.??27, Adam S Butterworth?28,29, Caty Carrera?30,31, Cara L Carty?32,33, Daniel I Chasman?34,35, Wei-Min Chen?36, John W Cole?37, Adolfo Correa?38, Ioana Cotlarciuc?39, Carlos Cruchaga?40,41, John Danesh?28,42,43,44, Paul IW de Bakker?45,46, Anita L DeStefano?47,48, Marcel den Hoed?49, Qing Duan?50, Stefan T Engelter?51,52, Guido J Falcone?53,54, Rebecca F Gottesman?55, Raji P Grewal?56, Vilmundur Gudnason?57,58, Stefan Gustafsson?59, Jeffrey Haessler?60, Tamara B Harris?61, Ahamad Hassan?62, Aki S Havulinna?63,64, Susan R Heckbert?65, Elizabeth G Holliday?66,67, George Howard?68, Fang-Chi Hsu?69, Hyacinth I Hyacinth?70, M Arfan Ikram?16, Erik Ingelsson?71,72, Marguerite R Irvin?73, Xueqiu Jian?74, Jordi Jiménez-Conde?75, Julie A Johnson?76,77, J Wouter Jukema?78, Masahiro Kanai?6,7,79, Keith L Keene?80,81, Brett M Kissela?82, Dawn O Kleindorfer?82, Charles Kooperberg?60, Michiaki Kubo?83, Leslie A Lange?84, Carl D Langefeld?85, Claudia Langenberg?86, Lenore J Launer?87, Jin-Moo Lee?88, Robin Lemmens?89,90, Didier Leys?91, Cathryn M Lewis?92,93, Wei-Yu Lin?28,94, Arne G Lindgren?95,96, Erik Lorentzen?97, Patrik K Magnusson?98, Jane Maguire?99, Ani Manichaikul?36, Patrick F McArdle?100, James F Meschia?101, Braxton D Mitchell?100,102, Thomas H Mosley?103,104, Michael A Nalls?105,106, Toshiharu Ninomiya?107, Martin J O'Donnell?15,108, Bruce M Psaty?109,110,111,112, Sara L Pulit?113,45, Kristiina Rannikm?e?114,115, Alexander P Reiner?65,116, Kathryn M Rexrode?117, Kenneth Rice?118, Stephen S Rich?36, Paul M Ridker?34,35, Natalia S Rost?9,13, Peter M Rothwell?119, Jerome I Rotter?120,121, Tatjana Rundek?122, Ralph L Sacco?122, Saori Sakaue?7,123, Michele M Sale?124, Veikko Salomaa?63, Bishwa R Sapkota?125, Reinhold Schmidt?126, Carsten O Schmidt??127, Ulf Schminke?128, Pankaj Sharma?39, Agnieszka Slowik?129, Cathie LM Sudlow?114,115, Christian Tanislav?130, Turgut Tatlisumak?131,132, Kent D Taylor?120,121, Vincent NS Thijs?133,134, Gudmar Thorleifsson?11, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir?11, Steffen Tiedt?1, Stella Trompet?135, Christophe Tzourio?5,136,137, Cornelia M van Duijn?138,139, Matthew Walters?140, Nicholas J Wareham?86, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller?141, James G Wilson?142, Kerri L Wiggins?109, Qiong Yang?47, Salim Yusuf?15, Najaf Amin?16, Hugo S Aparicio?185,48, Donna K Arnett?186, John Attia?187, Alexa S Beiser?47,48, Claudine Berr?188, Julie E Buring?34,35, Mariana Bustamante?189, Valeria Caso?190, Yu-Ching Cheng?191, Seung Hoan Choi?192,48, Ayesha Chowhan?185,48, Natalia Cullell?31, Jean-Fran?ois Dartigues?193,194, Hossein Delavaran?95,96, Pilar Delgado?195, Marcus D?rr?196,197, Gunnar Engstr?m?19, Ian Ford?198, Wander S Gurpreet?199, Anders Hamsten?200,201, Laura Heitsch?202, Atsushi Hozawa?203, Laura Ibanez?204, Andreea Ilinca?95,96, Martin Ingelsson?205, Motoki Iwasaki?206, Rebecca D Jackson?207, Katarina Jood?208, Pekka Jousilahti?63, Sara Kaffashian?4,5, Lalit Kalra?209, Masahiro Kamouchi?210, Takanari Kitazono?211, Olafur Kjartansson?212, Manja Kloss?213, Peter J Koudstaal?214, Jerzy Krupinski?215, Daniel L Labovitz?216, Cathy C Laurie?118, Christopher R Levi?217, Linxin Li?218, Lars Lind?219, Cecilia M Lindgren?220,221, Vasileios Lioutas?222,48, Yong Mei Liu?223, Oscar L Lopez?224, Hirata Makoto?225, Nicolas Martinez-Majander?172, Koichi Matsuda?225, Naoko Minegishi?203, Joan Montaner??226, Andrew P Morris?227,228, Elena Mui?o?31, Martina Müller-Nurasyid?229,230,231, Bo Norrving?95,96, Soichi Ogishima?203, Eugenio A Parati?232, Leema Reddy Peddareddygari?56, Nancy L Pedersen?98,233, Joanna Pera?129, Markus Perola?63,234, Alessandro Pezzini?235, Silvana Pileggi?236, Raquel Rabionet?237, Iolanda Riba-Llena?30, Marta Ribasés?238, Jose R Romero?185,48, Jaume Roquer?239,240, Anthony G Rudd?241,242, Antti-Pekka Sarin?243,244, Ralhan Sarju?199, Chloe Sarnowski?47,48, Makoto Sasaki?245, Claudia L Satizabal?185,48, Mamoru Satoh?245, Naveed Sattar?246, Norie Sawada?206, Gerli Sibolt?172, ?sgeir Sigurdsson?247, Albert Smith?248, Kenji Sobue?245, Carolina Soriano-Tárraga?240, Tara Stanne?249, O Colin Stine?250, David J Stott?251, Konstantin Strauch?229,252, Takako Takai??203, Hideo Tanaka?253,254, Kozo Tanno?245, Alexander Teumer?255, Liisa Tomppo?172, Nuria P Torres-Aguila?31, Emmanuel Touze?256,257, Shoichiro Tsugane??206, Andre G Uitterlinden?258, Einar M Valdimarsson?259, Sven J van der Lee?16, Henry V?lzke?255, Kenji Wakai??253, David Weir?260, Stephen R Williams?261, Charles DA Wolfe?241,242, Quenna Wong?118, Huichun Xu?191, Taiki Yamaji?206, Dharambir K Sanghera?125,169,170, Olle Melander?19, Christina Jern?171, Daniel Strbian?172,173, Israel Fernandez-Cadenas?31,30, W T Longstreth, Jr?174,65, Arndt Rolfs?175, Jun Hata?107, Daniel Woo?82, Jonathan Rosand?12,13,14, Guillaume Pare?15, Jemma C Hopewell?176, Danish Saleheen?177, Kari Stefansson?11,178, Bradford B Worrall?179, Steven J Kittner?37, Sudha Seshadri?180,48, Myriam Fornage?74,181, Hugh S Markus?3, Joanna MM Howson?28, Yoichiro Kamatani?6,182, Stephanie Debette?4,5, Martin Dichgans?1,183,184?1 Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany2?Centre?for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India3 Stroke Research Group, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK4 INSERM U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France5?University?of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France6?Laboratory?for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan7?Department?of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan8?Laboratory?of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan.9 Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA10 Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht,Netherlands11 deCODE genetics/AMGEN?inc, Reykjavik, Iceland12?Center?for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA, USA13 J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, MGH, Boston, MA, USA14?Program?in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA15 Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada16?Department?of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands17?Department?of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands18 Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan19?Department?of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malm?, Sweden20 Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, LabEx DISTALZ-UMR1167, Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, F-59000 Lille, France21 Centre Hosp. Univ Lille, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, F-59000 Lille, France22 AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA23 Cardiovascular Health Research?Unit, Departments of Biostatistics and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA24 Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Brain Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada25?School?of Life Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK26 Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milano, Italy27?Department?of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA28 MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK29 The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, UK30 Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institut of Research, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d’Hebrón Hospital, Barcelona, Spain31 Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Spain32 Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA33?Center?for Translational Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA34?Division?of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA35 Harvard Medical?School, Boston, MA, USA36 Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA37 Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Baltimore VAMC, Baltimore, MD, USA38 Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA39 Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway University of London, UK??&??Ashford and St Peters Hospital, Surrey UK40 Department of Psychiatry,The Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration (HPAN),Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA41 Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA42 NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK43 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton,??Cambridge, UK44 British Heart?Foundation, Cambridge Centre of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK45?Department?of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands46 Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands47 Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA48 Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA49?Department?of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden50?Department?of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA51?Department?of Neurology and Stroke Center, Basel University Hospital, Switzerland52 Neurorehabilitation?Unit, University and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland53 Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA54 Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA55 Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA56 Neuroscience Institute, SF Medical Center, Trenton, NJ, USA57 Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Kopavogur, Iceland58 University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, Reykjavik, Iceland59 Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden60?Division?of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA61?Laboratory?of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA62 Department of Neurology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK63 National?Institute?for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland64 FIMM - Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki, Finland65?Department?of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA66 Public Health Stream, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia67?Faculty?of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia68 School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA69?Department?of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA70 Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA71?Department?of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA72 Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and?Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala,?Sweden73 Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA74 Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA75 Neurovascular Research Group (NEUVAS), Neurology Department, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigació Mèdica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain76 Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, USA77?Division?of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA78?Department?of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands79?Program?in Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA80?Department?of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA81?Center?for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA82 University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA83 RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan84 Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA85?Center?for Public Health Genomics and Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA86 MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK87 Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA88 Department of Neurology, Radiology, and Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA89 KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences,??Experimental?Neurology, Leuven, Belgium90 VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, Leuven, Belgium91 Univ.-Lille, INSERM U 1171.?CHU Lille.?Lille, France92?Department?of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK93 SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK94 Northern?Institute?for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK95?Department?of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden96?Department?of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Sk?ne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden97 Bioinformatics Core?Facility, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden98?Department?of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden99 University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Health, Ultimo, Australia100 Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, MD, USA101?Department?of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA102 Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA103 Division of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA104 Memory Impairment?and Neurodegenerative Dementia Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA105 Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA106 Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo MD, USA107 Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan108 Clinical Research?Facility, Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland109 Cardiovascular Health Research?Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA110?Department?of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA111 Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA112 Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA113 Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht,?The?Netherlands114 Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK115?Centre?for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK116 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA117?Department?of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA118?Department?of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA119 Nuffield?Department?of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK120 Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at??Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA121 Division of Genomic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA122 Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA123?Department?of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan124?Center?for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA125 Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA126?Department?of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria127 University Medicine? Greifswald, Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP-KEF, Greifswald, Germany128 University Medicine? Greifswald,? Department of Neurology, Greifswald, Germany129?Department?of Neurology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland130?Department?of Neurology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany131 Department of Clinical Neurosciences/Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden132 Sahlgrenska University?Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden133 Stroke?Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia134 Austin?Health, Department of Neurology, Heidelberg, Australia135?Department?of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands136 INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France137?Department?of Public Health, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France138 Genetic Epidemiology?Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands139?Center?for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, Netherlands140?School?of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing at the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK141?Department?of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA142?Department?of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA143 A full list of members and affiliations appears in the Supplementary Note144?Department?of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada145?Department?of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translation Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia146 Department of Cardiac?Surgery, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia147 Clinical Gene Networks AB,Stockholm, Sweden148 Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY , USA149?Department?of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translation Medicine, University of Tartu, Biomeedikum, Tartu, Estonia150 Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden.151 Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, Sweden152 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Paris, France153 ICAN?Institute?for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France154?Department?of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA155 Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA156 Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Office of Research and Development, Seattle, WA, USA157 Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA158?Department?of Medical Research, B?rum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway159 Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore160 National?Heart?and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK161?Department?of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan162 Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA163 Department of Cardiology,University?Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Netherlands164 MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK165?Department?of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK166?Department?of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, UK167 National?Heart, Lung and Blood Research Institute, Division of Intramural Research, Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, MA, USA168 A full list of members and affiliations appears at the end of the manuscript169 Department of Phamaceutical Sciences, Collge of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA170 Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, Oklahoma City, OK, USA171 Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden172?Department?of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland173 Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland174?Department?of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA175 Albrecht Kossel Institute, University Clinic of Rostock, Rostock, Germany176 Clinical Trial Service?Unit?and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK177?Department?of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA178?Faculty?of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland179 Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA180 Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA181 Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA182?Center?for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan183 Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany184 German?Center?for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany185 Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA186 University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA187?University?of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia188 Univ. Montpellier, Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France189?Centre?for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain190 Department of Neurology, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Umbria, Italy191?Department?of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA192 Broad?Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA193 Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France194 Bordeaux University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, Bordeaux, France195 Neurovascular Research?Laboratory. Vall d'Hebron Institut of Research, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Vall d’Hebrón Hospital, Barcelona, Spain196 University Medicine Greifswald, Department of Internal Medicine B, Greifswald, Germany197 DZHK, Greifswald, Germany198 Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK199 Hero DMC Heart Institute, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, India200 Atherosclerosis Research?Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden201 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden202 Division of Emergency Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA203 Tohoku Medical Megabank?Organization, Sendai, Japan204 Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA205?Department?of Public Health and Caring Sciences / Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden206 Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan207?Department?of Internal Medicine and the Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA208?Institute?of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden209?Department?of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK210 Department of Health Care?Administration?and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan211?Department?of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan212 Landspitali National University?Hospital, Departments of Neurology & Radiology, Reykjavik, Iceland213 Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany214 Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center215 Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa (Barcelona), Spain216 Albert Einstein?College?of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA217 John Hunter?Hospital, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia218?Centre?for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK219 Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden220 Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology?Unit, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK221 The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK222 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA223 Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest, NC, USA224?Department?of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA225 BioBank Japan, Laboratory of Clinical Sequencing, Department of Computational biology and medical Sciences, Graduate school of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan226 Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institut of Research, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.?Vall d’Hebrón Hospital, Barcelona, Spain227?Department?of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK228 Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK229 Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany230?Department?of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit?t, Munich, Germany231 DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany232 Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milano, Italy233 Karolinska Institutet, MEB, Stockholm, Sweden234?University?of Tartu, Estonian Genome Center, Tartu, Estonia, Tartu, Estonia235?Department?of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy236 Translational Genomics Unit, Department of Oncology, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy237?Department?of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain238 Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain239 Department of Neurology, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain240 IMIM (Hospital?del?Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain241 National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK242?Division?of Health and Social Care Research, King's College London, London, UK243?FIMM-Institute?for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki, Finland244 THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland245 Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank?Organization, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan246 BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow, UK247 deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland248 Icelandic Heart?Association, Reykjavik, Iceland249 Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden250?Department?of Epidemiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA251?Institute?of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK252?Chair?of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany253?Division?of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan254 Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan255 University Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP-KEF, Greifswald, Germany256?Department?of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France257 University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France258?Department?of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands259 Landspitali University?Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland260 Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA261 University of Virginia Department of Neurology, Charlottesville, VA, USA? ................
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