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Turnagain Arm Hydroelectric Bridge energy study 2/2/2020 Henry Kroll 26571 Heavy down Drive Soldotna, AK 99669Tidal energy?is a renewable source of electricity which?does?not result in the emission of gases responsible for global warming or acid rain associated with fossil fuel generated electricity. Use of?tidal energy?could also decrease the need for nuclear power, with its associated radiation risks.The Turnagain Arm Bridge power generator must be constructed in order to furnish clean power for the future. It is predicted that in ten years half the cars and large semi-trucks on the road will electric and in thirty years practically all vehicles will be electric. Oil is obsolete. Instead of spending 12-billion to drill in ANWAR a two billion-dollar hydroelectric plant would propel us into the future. We really need to improve this this:. There is no tide energy on this graph. HYPERLINK "" ? academy ? tidal-energy-advantages-and-disadvantagesTidal Energy: Advantages and Disadvantages - Video & Lesson ...What are the advantages and disadvantages of tidal?TidalAdvantages of tidalDisadvantages of tidalClean, renewable energy sourceConstruction of tidal barrages is expensive. Turnagain Arm is a natural Barrage.Tidal power plants will last for a long timeEnvironmental impact of tidal barrages is negligible. Search for:?What are the advantages and disadvantages of tidal?How does tidal energy affect the environment?Tidal energy?is a renewable source of electricity which?does?not result in the emission of gases responsible for global warming or acid rain associated with fossil fuel generated electricity. Use of?tidal energy?could also decrease the need for nuclear power, with its associated radiation risks. Mar 25, 2014 HYPERLINK "" ? ocean-energy ? tidal-energyTidal Energy - Ocean Energy CouncilWhat are the positives of tidal energy?Clean:?Tidal energy?does not produce greenhouse gas emissions. 2. Reliable:?Tidalcurrents are predictable. Knowledge of high and low tide cycles can help a?tidal power plant construct an efficient system for generating electricity. Jul 13, 2015At the time of Moses my research indicates that the oxygen content of our atmosphere was around 30% as compared with todays 20%. It should be obvious by now that if mankind keeps burning things earth will eventually run out of oxygen--especially given the fact that ?’s of the oxygen producing plankton in the oceans is missing and over ?’s of the rain forests have been cut down. My research in my book COSMOLOGICAL ICE AGES indicates that earth’s atmosphere at the time of the Jurassic Era 165-million years earth had an atmospheric pressure of 30 to 60 pounds per square inch as compared with today’s 14.5 pounds per square inch at sea level and it also had a much higher carbon dioxide content close to 15%. Scientist too plaster casts of dinosaur chest cavities and determined that their lungs were too small to exist in today’s rarified 14 pound per square inch atmosphere. Jurassic atmosphere had to between 30 and 60 pounds per square inch. Venus still has a 117 PSI CO2 atmosphere. HYPERLINK "" ? what-are-pros-and-cons-hydropower-and-tid...Search for:?What are the positives of tidal energy?COST HYPERLINK "" The cost of hydro power is only 0.85 cents per KW. Alaskan’s currently pay an average of In the U.S., hydropower is produced for an average of 0.85 cents?per kilowatt-hour (kwh). This is about 50% the cost of nuclear, 40% the cost of fossil fuel, and 25% the cost of using natural gas. Alaska’s natural gas cost of electrical production is higher than the national average at 20.58 cents per KW.How much does it cost to install a hydropower plant?IRENA reports?average?investment?costs for?large?hydropower plants?with storage typically range from as low as $1,050/kW to as high as $7,650/kW, while the range for small?hydropower?projects is between $1,300/kW and $8,000/kW. Mar 9, 2016The cost of construction could either be less or more than the national average depending on what type of turbines or mechanical devices are used to drive the dynamos. HYPERLINK "" ? content ? facts_about_hydropowerRecent data shows that in Wisconsin hydropower is produced for less than one cent per kwh. This is about one-half the cost of nuclear and one-third the cost of fossil fuel.?(2)How do we get tidal energy?Tidal?Power.?Tidal energy?is?produced?through the use of?tidal energy?generators. These large underwater turbines are placed in areas with high?tidal?movements, and are designed to capture the kinetic motion of the ebbing and surging of ocean?tides?in order to?produce?electricity. HYPERLINK " ? technology ? hydro ? tidal-powerTidal Power - Alternative Energy" alternative-energy- ? technology ? hydro ? tidal-powerTidal Power - Alternative Energy Search for: How do we get tidal energy?How expensive is tidal energy?That suggests an amortized annual cost of around $105 million USD. That in turn indicates a cost of electricity of around $197 per MWH or about 19.7 cents USD per KWH. That's more expensive than the Hinkley nuclear plant which is projected to be up around 15 cents USD per KWH if it goes forward. Jun 13, 2017Search for: How expensive is tidal energy?Wrong! Obviously we have the best locations for tide energy in Cook Inlet, Alaska. In fact, we have enough energy in upper Cook Inlet to power most of the world.Does tidal energy affect marine life?A study into the impacts of tidal and wave devices on marine wildlife found little evidence of long-term effects on use of the seas by birds and marine mammals as a result of the operation and installation of such devices at the test sites. Jun 13, ? 2017/06/13 ? wave-and-tidal-devices-show-minor-e...We can improve on that!Turnagain Arm Bridge project addendumFish normally don’t travel up the middle streams where there are strong tidal currents. They are smarter than that. Fish travel up along stream banks taking advantage of back eddies to conserve energy. After all, some of them have a long way to go and they wouldn’t make it they swam up the middle of the stream. The Seattle Locks is a prime example where industry co-exists with fish. The Seattle Locks have existed for many decades and there are still salmon runs in Lake Union and Lake Washington. Tourists and locals alike can walk down a stairway into a tunnel to view salmon and trout traveling upstream thru large plate glass windows as they swim upstream into Lake Union.Large culverts placed at both ends of the Turnagain Arm Bridge to allow fish and whales to pass up and down stream with little effort. A large Tesla valve molded into the concrete at either end of this passageway would create a back eddy making it easier for both fish and whales to travel upstream. Whales are smart. They would soon learn to avoid the turbans or revolving doors; whichever type of generating mechanism is employed. I think the revolving door system would be the most cost effective because they could be manufactured locally and off-the shelf dynamos made General Electric in America could be used instead of dynamos imported from foreign countries. I am currently researching the various types of equipment currently available. Four or more 40-megawatt dynamos or larger should be used to generate the electricity. Large Tesla storage battery banks will be used at either end of the bridge to store electricity between tides and fed into the existing grid. Switches would be employed to use power from either end. If only two of the 40-megawatt generators are used at one time then the resulting power would be about 40-megawatts per hour. That would be 400,000 kilowatts per hour. Let’s say that energy is sold at 10-cents per kilowatt hour instead of the current 22.5 cents a kilowatt hour, that power amount sold equals $40,000.00 an hour or $960,000 for a 24-hour day. This is about 320-million dollars a year running at half capacity. In ten years the power generated with only two 40-megawatt generators on line would bring in approximately three-billion dollars in gross revenue. Maintenance costs would be less than two-million dollars a year. To pay for the bridge construction the feds might put in half a billion and the state issue bonds to make up the rest of the money needed for construction.As the demand grows for electricity with population growth and more homes and business being heated with electricity the other two additional generating plants could be brought on line. Also smaller hydroelectric generators could be brought online at Nikiski docks and between the Forelands. Attached is a picture of one giant propeller generator that is producing power off the coast of Scotland.If you would like to see my 30-page unfinished report on this subject please send me some money to complete it. Henry Kroll 26571 Heavy Down Drive Soldotna, Alaska 99669A thirty-mile road would need to connect the Sterling Highway before it climbs up into the mountains past the town of Sterling. The road would follow the gas pipeline road that already exists. We need to get Donald Trump behind this to allow a four-lane highway to be built through the wildlife refuge parallel to the existing gas pipeline to the Turnagain Arm Bridge. Near where the bridge causeway connects to the land power lines and large Tesla industrial batteries have to be place to store electricity between tides. Search for:?Does tidal energy affect marine life?Wave and tidal devices show minor effects on marine wildlife. A study into the impacts of tidal and wave devices on marine wildlife found little evidence of long-term effects on use of the seas by birds and marine mammals as a result of the operation and installation of such devices at the test sites. The report, commissioned by Scottish Natural? Heritage (SNH), Marine Scotland, and the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC), looked into how species distribution and numbers had varied across the test site, relative to different levels of site activity.The detailed records on marine mammal and birds present at sea, in and around the test berths, were collected through the Wildlife Observation Program which was running alongside device testing at EMEC.The land-based observer data collected has been extensive with over 11 years of data from the tidal energy site, Falls of Warness, and six years at the wave energy test site, Billia Croo.The study found that no significant changes in wildlife distribution were detected around the test berths at the wave energy test site at Billia Croo.Observations at the Fall of Warness tidal test site showed slightly reduced numbers in some species in the vicinity of the test berths after construction work started.However, in all cases this returned to previous levels during subsequent deployment and operation of the turbines, according to Marine Scotland. It is therefore possible that increased vessel activity associated with installation is likely to be causing stress to marine life.Tidal energy does?not create air, water, or thermal?pollution. Once a dam, barrage or tidal?fence is built, the?energy?production is free since?tidal power?harnesses the natural?power?of tides. ... It is also sustainable because its?energy?comes from the lunar and solar cycle.For most other species, no such pattern of change around the Falls of Warness test berths could be detected.The observations used in this study were made from land overlooking the test sites, so possible wildlife interactions with turbines below the sea surface, were not determined, Marine Scotland noted.George Lees, Marine Energy Manager at SNH, said: “These initial results are reassuring and show that the deployment and testing of multiple wave and tidal energy converters in the seas off Orkney over more than a decade has not had a significant impact on the diverse and abundant wildlife living there.”Caitlin Long, Consents and Project Officer for EMEC, who conducted the research, added: “This project was set up to assist the industry in developing an understanding of the potential wildlife displacement associated with the deployment of marine energy devices.“The culmination of the extensive wildlife observation program and this statistical analysis project, should aid regulators, advisory bodies and developers in assessing the potential environmental effects of deploying such devices in our precious marine environment.” HYPERLINK " ? learners ? energy ? impacts4Tidal Energy" ei.lehigh.edu ? learners ? energy ? impacts4Tidal EnergySearch for:?Does tidal energy cause noise pollution?Who created tidal energy?Tidal energy?was discovered in the year of 1966 in the area of La Rance, River, France. M. Jannaschii discovered?Tidal Energy?by simply watching the?tides?and the power of waves.Feb 28, 2013 HYPERLINK "" ? tidal-energyTidal Energy by Dominique Lonsdale on PreziSearch for:?Who created tidal energy?How efficient is tidal energy?First off,?tidal energy?is a clean renewable resource which is more?efficient?than windenergy?due to the density of water and more?efficient?than solar?energy?due to its high ~80% conversion?efficiency. ...?Tidal energy?produces no carbon dioxide, greenhouse gases, or waste.Mar 29, 2017 HYPERLINK " ? tidal-energy-sustainable-resourceTidal Energy: The New Sustainable Resource - Wood Harbinger" ? tidal-energy-sustainable-resourceTidal Energy: The New Sustainable Resource - Wood HarbingerSearch for:?How efficient is tidal energy?What are the pros and cons of biomass?List of Pros of Biomass EnergyIt is renewable. ...It reduces dependency on fossil fuels. ...It doesn't produce carbon. ...It is widely available. ...It can be used in many forms. ...It is not 100% clean when burned. ...It relies heavily on natural materials. ...It is not entirely efficient.More items...?Apr 13, 2016 HYPERLINK "" ? 10-meaningful-pros-and-cons-of-biomass-energy10 Meaningful Pros and Cons of Biomass Energy – Green GarageSearch for:?What are the pros and cons of biomass?Why Biomass energy is bad?What are the 2 main disadvantages to solar energy?Disadvantages of Solar EnergyCost. The initial cost of purchasing a solar system is fairly high. ...Weather Dependent. Although solar energy can still be collected during cloudy and rainy days, the efficiency of the solar system drops. ...Solar Energy Storage Is Expensive. ...Uses a Lot of Space. ...Associated with Pollution.Sep 13, 2019 HYPERLINK " ? blog ? 2014/08 ? 5-advantages-and-5-disadva...Advantages & Disadvantages of Solar Energy (2019) | GreenMatch" greenmatch.co.uk ? blog ? 2014/08 ? 5-advantages-and-5-disadva...Advantages & Disadvantages of Solar Energy (2019) | GreenMatchSearch for:?What are the 2 main disadvantages to solar energy?How do we get tidal energy?Tidal?Power.?Tidal energy?is?produced?through the use of?tidal energy?generators. These large underwater turbines are placed in areas with high?tidal?movements, and are designed to capture the kinetic motion of the ebbing and surging of ocean?tides?in order to?produce?electricity. HYPERLINK " ? technology ? hydro ? tidal-powerTidal Power - Alternative Energy" alternative-energy- ? technology ? hydro ? tidal-powerTidal Power - Alternative EnergySearch for:?How do we get tidal energy? HYPERLINK "" ? 2017/06/13 ? tidal-power-still-expensive-still-unlik...Search for:?How expensive is tidal energy?Does tidal energy affect marine life?A study into the impacts of?tidal?and wave devices on?marine?wildlife found little evidence of long-term effects on use of the seas by birds and?marine?mammals as a result of the operation and installation of such devices at the test sites. Jun 13, 2017 HYPERLINK "" ? 2017/06/13 ? wave-and-tidal-devices-show-minor-e...Wave and tidal devices show minor effects on ... - Marine EnergySearch for:?Does tidal energy affect marine life?Does tidal energy cause noise pollution?Tidal energy does?not create air, water, or thermal?pollution. Once a dam, barrage or tidal?fence is built, the?energy?production is free since?tidal power?harnesses the natural?power?of tides. ... It is also sustainable because its?energy?comes from the lunar and solar cycle. HYPERLINK " ? learners ? energy ? impacts4" ei.lehigh.edu ? learners ? energy ? impacts4The United States is second listed here.Norway produces more than 99% of its electricity with hydropower. New Zealand uses hydropower for 75% of its electricity.In the U.S., hydropower produces enough electricity to serve the needs of 28 million residential customers. This is equal to all the homes in Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota, Indiana, Iowa, Ohio, Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas, North and South Dakota, Kentucky, and Tennessee.?(1)In Wisconsin, hydropower accounts for 4.1% of the electric generating capacity and 4.4% of the total electricity generated.?(2)Hydropower production in Wisconsin is about 2.1 billion kilowatt hours (kwh) per year. Based on a home using 8,000 kwh of energy and 2.5 people per home, this is enough energy to supply the residential needs of 650,000 people.?(2)Hydropower can come "on line" quickly to meet rapid increases in electric demand and respond to emergency energy needs.?(1)Top of PageEnvironmentHydropower is clean. It prevents the burning of 22 billion gallons of oil or 120 million tons of coal each year.?(1)Hydropower does not produce greenhouse gasses or other air pollution.?(1)Hydropower leaves behind no waste.?(1)Reservoirs formed by hydropower projects in Wisconsin have expanded water-based recreation resources, and they support diverse, healthy, and productive fisheries. In fact, catch rates for gamefish like walleye and smallmouth bass are substantially higher on hydropower reservoirs than natural lakes.?(3)Top of PageCostHydropower is the most efficient way to generate electricity. Modern hydro turbines can convert as much as 90% of the available energy into electricity. The best fossil fuel plants are only about 50% efficient.?(1)In the U.S., hydropower is produced for an average of 0.85 cents per kilowatt-hour (kwh). This is about 50% the cost of nuclear, 40% the cost of fossil fuel, and 25% the cost of using natural gas.Recent data shows that in Wisconsin hydropower is produced for less than one cent per kwh. This is about one-half the cost of nuclear and one-third the cost of fossil fuel.?(2)Hydropower does not experience rising or unstable fuel costs. From 1985 to 1990 the cost of operating a hydropower plant grew at less than the rate of inflation.?(1)Only 2,400 of the nation's 80,000 existing dams are used to generate power. Installing turbines in existing dams presents a promising and cost-effective power source. However, in the last 10 years the Department of Energy has spent $1.2 billion on research and development for other renewable sources like wind, solar, and geothermal, but only $10 million on hydropower.?(1)Search for:?Does tidal energy cause noise pollution?Who created tidal energy?Tidal energy?was discovered in the year of 1966 in the area of La Rance, River, France. M. Jannaschii discovered?Tidal Energy?by simply watching the?tides?and the power of waves.Feb 28, 2013 HYPERLINK "" ? tidal-energyTidal Energy by Dominique Lonsdale on PreziSearch for:?Who created tidal energy?How efficient is tidal energy?First off,?tidal energy?is a clean renewable resource which is more?efficient?than windenergy?due to the density of water and more?efficient?than solar?energy?due to its high ~80% conversion?efficiency. ...?Tidal energy?produces no carbon dioxide, greenhouse gases, or waste.Mar 29, 2017 HYPERLINK "" ? tidal-energy-sustainable-resourceTidal Energy: The New Sustainable Resource - Wood HarbingerSearch for:?How efficient is tidal energy?What are the pros and cons of biomass?List of Pros of Biomass EnergyIt is renewable. ...It reduces dependency on fossil fuels. ...It doesn't produce carbon. ...It is widely available. ...It can be used in many forms. ...It is not 100% clean when burned. ...It relies heavily on natural materials. ...It is not entirely efficient.More items...?Apr 13, 2016 HYPERLINK "" ? 10-meaningful-pros-and-cons-of-biomass-energy10 Meaningful Pros and Cons of Biomass Energy – Green GarageSearch for:?What are the pros and cons of biomass?Why Biomass energy is bad?Health Groups to Congress: Burning?Biomass?is?Bad?for Health. ... When power plants use?biomass?as fuel—in particular?biomass?that comes from forests—they can increase carbon emissions compared to coal and other fossil fuels for decades. Thebiomass?industry also imperils some of our most precious forests.Sep 14, 2016 HYPERLINK " ? experts ? sasha-stashwick ? health-groups-congress-bur...Health Groups to Congress: Burning Biomass is Bad for Health ..." ? experts ? sasha-stashwick ? health-groups-congress-bur...Health Groups to Congress: Burning Biomass is Bad for Health ...Search for:?Why Biomass energy is bad?Does biomass pollute?Burning?biomass?emits large amounts of?pollutants, just like burning other solid fuels such as coal. Burning organic material emits particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), lead, mercury, and other hazardous air?pollutants?(HAPs).Mar 17, 2011 HYPERLINK " ? air-pollution-2Air pollution | Partnership for Policy Integrity" ? air-pollution-2Air pollution | Partnership for Policy IntegritySearch for:?Does biomass pollute?What are the negatives of biomass energy?Biomass?is relatively safer for the environment than fossil fuels, but it's not totally innocent. It can have?negative impacts?on everything from soil to water resources to forests to the atmosphere and climate.Apr 25, 2018 HYPERLINK "" ? negative-effects-biomass-19624Negative Effects of Biomass | SciencingSearch for:?What are the negatives of biomass energy?Where do we use tidal energy?The largest facility is the Sihwa Lake?Tidal?Power Station in South Korea. The United States has no?tidal?plants and only a few sites where?tidal energy?could be produced at a reasonable price. China, France, England, Canada, and Russia have much more potential to?use?this type of?energy.Jun 14, 2011 HYPERLINK " ? encyclopedia ? tidal-energytidal energy | National Geographic Society" ? encyclopedia ? tidal-energytidal energy | National Geographic SocietySearch for:?Where do we use tidal energy?Is tidal energy practical?Is?Tidal?Power a Viable Source of?Energy??Tidal?power is a kind of hydropower that generates electric power by converting the?energy?of?tides.?Tidal?power, although not a prime source of?energy?currently, has a great potential to be used for electricity generation in the future.Jan 22, 2013 HYPERLINK "" ? articleIs Tidal Power a Viable Source of Energy? - Search for:?Is tidal energy practical?How many homes can tidal energy power?It?will?produce 320 MW of?power?for 14 hours a day, enough to?power?155,000?homes and making it the largest?tidal energy?facility in the world.Search for:?How many homes can tidal energy power?What causes tidal energy?The gravitational pull of the moon and sun along with the rotation of the earth?cause the?tides. In some places,?tides cause?water levels near the shore to vary up to 40 feet. ... Today,?tidal energy?systems generate electricity. Producing?tidal energy economically requires a?tidal?range of at least 10 feet. Aug 28, 2018Here in Alaska we have a tidal range up to and over thirty feet on some days. HYPERLINK "http:// ? energyexplained ? hydropower ? tidal-powerTidal power - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)" ? energyexplained ? hydropower ? tidal-powerTidal power - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) HYPERLINK "" Tidal Power - Energy British Columbia - Energy BCSearch for:?What causes tidal energy?Is tidal energy non recyclable?As per the definition, a Replenishable?energy?source is something which can be built up again.?Tidal energy?is formed by?tides?of oceans/seas. As these?tides?can be formed again, so can be?Tidal energy. Thus, it is a Replenishable resource. HYPERLINK "" ? under-which-following-type-resource-c...Under which of the following type of resource can tidal energy be put ...Search for:?Is tidal energy non recyclable?Why is tidal energy not used?The lack of developed supply chains for any one technology means that components are very expensive. Even at plants that are already built, the variability of?tidal?patterns can lower the efficiency of the turbines, according to a brief from the International Renewable?Energy?Association. May 20, 2015 HYPERLINK " ? why-hasnt-tidal-power-taken-offWhy Hasn't Tidal Power Taken Off? - MIT Technology Review" ? why-hasnt-tidal-power-taken-offWhy Hasn't Tidal Power Taken Off? - MIT Technology ReviewSearch for:?Why is tidal energy not used?Are tidal barrages beneficial to local wildlife?Tidal?energy 'no danger to?wildlife' ... “This once again reinforces the fact that?tidalpower is a predictable, reliable, environmentally benign, low-environmental impact source of dependable renewable energy – and one that operates in harmony with seabirds and marine mammals alike.”Jun 14, 2017 HYPERLINK "'no-danger-to-wildlife'" ? news ? news-article ? tidal-energy-'no-danger-to-wil...Tidal energy 'no danger to wildlife' - IMechESearch for:?Are tidal barrages beneficial to local wildlife?What is wave energy definition?Wave?power is the transport of?energy?by ocean surface?waves, and the capture of that?energy?to do useful work. Electricity generation, water desalination, or the pumping of water (into reservoirs).What is the solar tax credit for 2019?Tidal?power is an environmentally friendly?energy?source. In addition to being a renewable?energy, it does not emit any climate gases and does not take up a lot of space. However, there are currently very few examples from real?tidal power plants and their effects on the environment. HYPERLINK "" ? tidal-energy-pros-and-consTidal Energy Pros and Cons - Energy InformativeSearch for:?Is tidal energy safe?Who uses the most tidal energy?With total installed?tidal?power capacity of 511MW, South Korea is leading the way globally, according to the information provided by National?Energy?Board of Canada. South Korea is followed by France with 246MW, and the United Kingdom with 139MW.Aug 19, 2016 HYPERLINK " ? 2016/08/19 ? who-leads-the-world-in-installed...Who leads the world in installed tidal power capacity? - Marine Energy" ? 2016/08/19 ? who-leads-the-world-in-installed...Who leads the world in installed tidal power capacity? - Marine EnergySearch for:?Who uses the most tidal energy?How do tidal waves work?Tidal waves?are formed by the gravitational forces of the earth, sun, and moon. ... As the earth rotates, the?tides?go 'in' and 'out' (the earth moves but the bulge of water remains in line with the moon, giving the appearance that the?tides?are moving when it is, in fact, the earth that is moving).Oct 15, 2019 HYPERLINK " ? how-do-tides-and-waves-work-130398How Do Tides and Waves Work? - ThoughtCo" ? how-do-tides-and-waves-work-130398How Do Tides and Waves Work? - ThoughtCoSearch for:?How do tidal waves work?Is tidal power cheap?Making?tidal energy?more affordable. ... Consistent?Power?–?Tides?move constantly throughout the day, which provides a consistent stream of?electricity?generation capacity. Pollution-Free – By taking advantage of only the tide,?tidal power?creates no greenhouse gas emissions or water pollutants. HYPERLINK "" ? making-tidal-energy-more-affordableMaking tidal energy more affordable - PMI IndustriesSearch for:?Is tidal power cheap?Search for:?How long does it take to build a tidal power station?How long does it take to build a tidal power station?The?La Rance?tidal?barrage in France?took?over 5 years to?build. HYPERLINK " ? EandE ? Web_sites ? RE_infoTidal power - Energy Systems Research Unit" esru.strath.ac.uk ? EandE ? Web_sites ? RE_infoTidal power - Energy Systems Research UnitHow is biomass energy produced?Biomass?is organic material that comes from plants and animals, and it is a renewable source of?energy.?Biomass?contains stored?energy?from the sun. Plants absorb the sun's?energy?in a process called photosynthesis. When?biomass?is burned, the chemical?energy?in?biomass?is?released?as heat. HYPERLINK " ? energyexplained ? biomassBiomass explained - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)" ? energyexplained ? biomassBiomass explained - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)Search for:?How is biomass energy produced?Does Wave Power pollute the sea?Because it uses only the?energy?of?ocean waves,?wave energy does?not produce greenhouse gases or other pollutants like fossil fuels?do.?Waves?are a material that cannot be used up like other conventional forms of?energy?such as oil, natural gas, and coal, and we won't run out of?waves?any time soon. Jul 4, 2015 HYPERLINK "" ? advantages-and-disadvantages-of-wave-powerAdvantages and Disadvantages of Wave Power | GreentumbleSearch for:?Does Wave Power pollute the sea?When was tidal energy first used?On November 26, 1966, French President Charles de Gaulle opened the world's?first tidal?power station on the Rance Estuary in Brittany, France.?Tidal?power converts the energy?of?tides?into electricity. Dec 17, 2013What's the catch with solar panels?Technically the?catch?is that you don't own the?solar panels?and you “rent” the?solar panels?from the?solar?company for reduced energy bills. Of course, this can still save you thousands of dollars over the years on energy savings.What are the 2 main disadvantages to solar energy?Disadvantages of Solar EnergyCost. The initial cost of purchasing a solar system is fairly high. ...Weather Dependent. Although solar energy can still be collected during cloudy and rainy days, the efficiency of the solar system drops. ...Solar Energy Storage Is Expensive. ...Uses a Lot of Space. ...Associated with Pollution.Sep 13, 2019 HYPERLINK " ? blog ? 2014/08 ? 5-advantages-and-5-disadva...Advantages & Disadvantages of Solar Energy (2019) | GreenMatch" greenmatch.co.uk ? blog ? 2014/08 ? 5-advantages-and-5-disadva...Advantages & Disadvantages of Solar Energy (2019) | GreenMatchSearch for:?What are the 2 main disadvantages to solar energy? HYPERLINK "" ? solar ? free-solar-panels-whats-the-catch-what-...Free Solar Panels: What's The Catch? - Search for:?What's the catch with solar panels?What's bad about solar panels?Associated with PollutionWhile?solar power?certainly is less polluting than fossil fuels, some problems do exist. Some manufacturing processes are associated with greenhouse gas emissions. Nitrogen trifluroide and sulfur hexafluoride has been traced back to the production ofsolar panels. HYPERLINK "" ? solar-energy-pros-and-consSolar Energy Pros and Cons - Energy InformativeSearch for:?What's bad about solar panels?What is the solar tax credit for 2019?2019-The?solar tax credit?remains at 30% 2020-Homeowners and commercial?solarsystem installation will benefit from a 26%?deduction. 2021-Homeowners and commercial?solar?system installation will benefit from a 22%?deduction.Feb 27, 2019 HYPERLINK " ? story ? your-guide-to-the-solar-tax-credit-201...Your guide to the solar tax credit in 2019 - MarketWatch" ? story ? your-guide-to-the-solar-tax-credit-201...Your guide to the solar tax credit in 2019 - MarketWatchSearch for:?What is the solar tax credit for 2019?What is the solar tax credit for 2020?Now, the?solar?investment?tax credit?is available to homeowners in some form through 2021. Here are the specifics. 2016 – 2019: The?tax credit?remains at 30 percent of the cost of the system.?2020: Owners of new residential and commercialsolar?can deduct 26 percent of the cost of the system from their taxes.Sep 5, 2019 HYPERLINK "" ? solar ? cost-benefit ? solar-investment-tax-creditSolar Investment Tax Credit Explained | EnergySageSearch for:?What is the solar tax credit for 2020?Is it harder to sell a house with solar panels?Selling a House?with Leased?Solar PanelsIf you've leased a?solar?system from your local?solar?installer,?selling your home?may be a bit?more difficult?than if you owned?panels. ... According to additional research by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, though, leased?panels?probably won't impact?your home's?value.Jun 26, 2019FeedbackWeb results HYPERLINK "" ? pros-cons-tidal-energyPros and Cons of Tidal Energy - Power of PMI - PMI IndustriesPros and Cons?of?Tidal Energy. 5 Key Advantages of?Tidal?Power. Cleanliness.?Tidal energy?is green: It does not pollute the atmosphere with greenhouse gases. Consistency. 5 Key Disadvantages of?Tidal?Power. Intermittence.?Tidal?power is abundant only at specific times of day, so storage is required to ensure 24-hour ... HYPERLINK "" ? story ? tidal-power-pros-and-consTidal Power: Pros and Cons - Triple PunditEnergy?Options:?Pros and Cons. May 08, 44386. hero ... D. where the power of?tidal?movement was used to grind grains. The first modern commercial?tidal?power?... HYPERLINK "" ? what-are-pros-and-cons-hydropower-and-t...What are the Pros and Cons of Hydropower and Tidal Energy ...What are the?Pros and Cons?of Hydropower and?Tidal Energy. By Lauren Boucher | July 13, 2015. Welcome back! This is post three of our four-part series on?... HYPERLINK "" ? pros-cons-tidal-energyPros and Cons of Tidal Energy 2020 - RecondOilMay 30, 2018 -?Throughout the world, the kinetic?energy?of?tidal?movements beats on the shores. With estimates ranging as high as 1400TWh of power?...?How Does Tidal Energy Work??·??The Pros of Tidal Power?·??The Cons of Tidal Power HYPERLINK " ? tidal-energyTidal Energy: What is it, Pros & Cons, Future Development ..." ? tidal-energyTidal Energy: What is it, Pros & Cons, Future Development ...Dec 11, 2019 -?The ocean has long provided humans with a bounty of food. However, a new type of untapped resource is now lapping at our feet:?tidal energy. HYPERLINK " ? features ? newsmajor-tidal-power-pros-...Profiling the top tidal power pros and cons - NS Energy" ? features ? newsmajor-tidal-power-pros-...Profiling the top tidal power pros and cons - NS EnergyFeb 28, 2019 -?Tidal?power?pros and cons: Here we profile the benefits and drawbacks of the power source. HYPERLINK "" ? 15-most-valid-tidal-energy-pros-and-cons15 Most Valid Tidal Energy Pros and Cons – Tidal energy?is a form of power generation that is created as the tides and the ... Here are the?pros and cons?of?tidal energy?to consider as we look at ways to?... HYPERLINK "" ? 14-main-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-tidal-...14 Main Advantages and Disadvantages of Tidal Energy ...Jul 3, 2018 -?Tidal energy?pertains to a form of power that particularly transforms the efficiency of the ...?Tidal energy?is already offering many advantages, but put in mind that it is also linked ... 11 Principal?Pros and Cons?of Judicial Activism. HYPERLINK "" ? tidal-energy-tidal-power-pr...Tidal Energy (Tidal Power) Pros and Cons | Renewable Green ...Jan 27, 2013 -?the?pros and cons?of?Tidal Energy?(Tidal Power).?Tidal Energy?is the renewable green energy source produced by capturing the power of the?...HydroelectricityVirginia Renewables - Hydroelectricity"Hydropower" (or the energy exerted by water, as it moves in response to the force of gravity) is one of the oldest sources of energy harnessed by humans. The earliest hydro facilities (called "mills") supplied mechanical energy. Early mills ground grain, powered textile mills, and supported other early industrial processes. Today, the vast majority of the world's hydro power facilities are used to generate electricity (see? generating facilities are essential the electrical generation, both within Virginia and nationally. In 1999, hydroelectric plants generated more than 8 percent of our nation's electrical energy. In Virginia, more than 16 percent of the state's combined utility and non-utility generating capacity is hydroelectric. Virginia hydroelectric plants include both conventional hydroelectric generators and pumped-storage generators.Conventional Hydroelectric Generating FacilitiesConventional hydroelectric generating units are located on rivers primarily in the southern part of the state. These units are constructed by placing a dam across a river, generally in a location where its channel is constrained by mountains or hills. Water flowing across the dam is sent through channels, to flow through electricity-generating turbines. In some cases, the lakes created by the damming are sufficiently large to allow use for recreation, home development, and flood control. Operators of hydroelectric facilities may control the flow of water through the facility (and hence the rate of electricity generation) so as to increase generation during times of day when electrical demand is highest.Pumped-Storage Hydro FacilitiesThe state is also home to two very large pumped-storage hydro facilities, both in western Virginia: Dominion Generation Company's Bath County pumped storage unit, and American Electric Power's Smith Mountain Lake facility. Both of these units generate energy using conventional hydroelectric turbines. However, they differ from conventional hydroelectric plants in that they include basins to hold water both above and below the turbines. During times of peak demand, water from the upper basin is moved through the turbine into the lower basin, generating electricity to satisfy customer demand. During times of low demand for electric power, excess electricity from the firms' "base loaded" generating units (generally, coal-fired and nuclear units that operate most efficiently when run continuously, regardless of customer demand) is used to pump water from the lower to the upper basin. This stored water can be available to generate electricity during those portions of the day or week when customer demand increases.Nikiski tide generating plants:Now the world’s biggest tidal energy generator is being placed off the coast of Invergordon, Scotland.The new tidal generator in Scotland is huge. The turbine blades are 18 meters (59 feet) across. It weighs 143 tons (286,600 pounds) and stands 22.5 meters (almost 74 feet) high. It is capable of generating enough electricity to power more than 1,000 homes. Turngain Arm could produce more than 100 times that!!!Tidal energy turbine. Credit: G.Mannaerts via?Wikimedia Commons.It is important to put tidal generators near where people actually live. That’s another reason Scotland and other locations around the United Kingdom are ideal for capturing clean, renewable tidal energy.In the U.S., most of the tidal energy resources are along the coast of Alaska where populations are small. Still, tidal energy could power their small cities.Unlike the wind, the tides are very predictable. So it’s easy to decide where to put tidal turbines and figure out how much energy they will generate.Another plus, the turbines are usually completely under water, so no one can complain about them spoiling the view!Alaska wind powerFire Island Wind Produces Record Energy OutputMarch 24, 2017A wind turbine project three miles off the coast of Anchorage, Fire Island Wind is capable of supplying clean, renewable energy to approximately 7,000 homes. The project is owned by Fire Island Wind LLC, a CIRI company. Operations began in 2012. In 2016, thanks to favorable wind conditions, Fire Island produced record-high energy output: 55,580 megawatt hours (MWh), up from 50,170 in 2015 and 47,470 in 2014.Photo by Judy Patrick.For 2016, energy production was 8.6 percent above budget while operating expenses were 5.3 percent below budget. “In addition to better-than-expected energy production, we saved money on operating costs since many of the items we had budgeted for didn’t require maintenance,” said CIRI’s Suzanne Settle, senior director, Energy Development.Wind turbines automatically stop producing power if the monitoring computer system senses a potential mechanical problem. In 2016, there was only one such stoppage, causing the project to lose a mere 285 MWh (one-half of 1 percent) of energy. This statistic demonstrates the impressive response time of CIRI’s operational staff in troubleshooting issues and quickly returning turbines to service.Through a long-term power purchase agreement with Anchorage utility Chugach Electric Association, Fire Island Wind eliminates up to 500 million cubic feet of natural gas consumption annually. For more information, visit?.Fire Island Wind ProjectFire Island Wind LLC owns and operates a 17.6 megawatt wind turbine project on Fire Island, three miles off the coast of Anchorage, Alaska. The project began delivering clean, renewable energy in the fall of 2012. Currently, the 11 wind turbines located on Fire Island have the capacity to power approximately 7,000 homes.Fire Island Wind helps ease the strain on dwindling natural gas supplies in Cook Inlet, eliminating the need for an estimated 500 million cubic feet of natural gas each year. The project provides a viable, reasonably-priced new energy source for Southcentral Alaska and generates most of its power during the winter months when the Anchorage community needs it the most.Through its parent company, Cook Inlet Region, Inc. (CIRI), Fire Island Wind entered into a long-term power purchase agreement with Anchorage utility Chugach Electric Association. The 25-year agreement provides a flat net price of $97/MW-hour throughout the term of the agreement. CIRI is the region’s first major independent power producer.PROJECT HISTORYChugach Electric Association surveyed South-central Alaska during the late 1990s for potential commercial-scale wind sites to diversify its power generation resources. Chugach identified 22 potential sites and selected Fire Island as the best location based upon:Prevailing wind conditionsProximity to the existing Railbelt power gridSetback from residential and commercial customersMinimal environmental impactsLack of conflicting land-use issuesLand ownershipCIRI owns 3,200 acres on Fire Island. In 2000, Chugach approached CIRI about developing a wind farm on the island. CIRI agreed to the concept and during the early 2000s worked with Chugach and other Railbelt utilities including Municipal Light & Power, Golden Valley Electric Association and Homer Electric Association to install wind-measurement equipment and start project development and permitting activities. Many years of reliable wind data and multiple wind resource and energy assessments confirmed that Fire Island has a commercially viable wind resource.In 2008, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) approved a limited 24-turbine project because the originally proposed 36-turbine project created potential interference problems with the FAA's VOR (short for VHF Omni-directional Radio Range) aircraft navigational aid that is located on the island. The decision prompted CIRI, at its own expense, to build a new VOR at the Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport to replace the VOR site on Fire Island.Regulators granted the project's key environmental permits in spring 2009. In 2009 and 2010, CIRI started clearing tower sites, conducted an extensive geotechnical survey of the project site and constructed a road network on the island. The Regulatory Commission of Alaska approved a power purchase agreement between Fire Island Wind and Chugach Electric Association on Oct. 10, 2011, clearing the way for major construction to begin.The new VOR at Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport became operational February 2012. Parts and equipment, shipped from around the world, began arriving in Anchorage in the spring of 2012 for the major construction phase. The project required a sea-life of 75 barge trips to move equipment to Fire Island. Workers also installed a 34.5 kV double circuit submarine transmission line to connect Fire Island to the Anchorage electrical grid.On Sept. 24, 2012, Fire Island Wind began commercial operation. In its first quarter of operation, the project performed better than expected, helping to relieve a critical natural gas shortage during the winter months of 2012-2013.RenewableHydropower is the leading source of renewable energy. It provides more than 97% of all electricity generated by renewable sources. Other sources including solar, geothermal, wind, and biomass account for less than 3% of renewable electricity production(1)RecreationReservoirs formed by hydroelectric dams provide many water-based recreational opportunities including fishing, water sports, boating, and water fowl hunting. (3)Hydro operators own a significant amount of land around many reservoirs that is open to the public for uses including hiking, hunting, snowmobiling, and skiing. (3)Hydro operators provide many recreation facilities at their hydropower projects including boat landings, swimming beaches, restrooms, picnic areas, fishing piers, hiking and nature trails, canoe portages, and parking facilities. (3)Hydropower reservoirs contribute to local economies. A study of one medium-sized hydropower project in Wisconsin showed that the recreational value to residents and visitors exceeded $6.5 million annually. (4)Water is a naturally recurring domestic product and is not subject to the whims of foreign suppliers.?(1)A thirty-mile four-lane highway would connect to the Sterling Highway before it climbs up into the mountains past the town of Sterling. The road would follow the existing gas pipeline road right away over to Turnagain Arm. We need to get Donald Trump behind this to allow a four-lane highway to be built through the wildlife refuge parallel to the gas pipeline that already exists to the Turnagain Arm Bridge. Where the bridge causeway connects to land power lines and large Tesla industrial batteries would be place to store electricity for distribution between tides.People could then drive to Anchorage from Kenai and Soldotna in about an hour crossing the new bridge. The trip would cost about five dollars one way with the new electric cars. You could heat you home with electricity at half the cost of current rates. Electrically powered semi-trucks are already on the road. Freight rates from Anchorage and other places would cost less. We’re looking at ten cents a kilowatt. Right now you are paying 23.5 cents a kilowatt. Cheap electricity would allow heavy industry to flourish like ship building. Bauxite ore could be smelted into aluminum. Aluminum scrap could be recycled into ingots and process into house siding, roofing and many other things. All kinds of construction, welding, fabrication business would be profitable to run with less expensive electricity.Oil is not a renewable resource and Alaska is running out of oil. It is too expensive for the State to put money into ANWAR and the oil pipeline is running at 20% capacity. The State cannot make any money on oil unless the price goes up over $80 a barrel and that is not likely to happen anytime soon what with the ever increasing oil production in the lower 48-states and the increasing number of electric cars on the road. Every major car manufacturer in the Unites States and elsewhere is now producing electric cars and trucks. Even the head honchoes of Homer Electric association is currently driving an electric car. ................
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