Advanced Framing Construction Guide - Mill Creek Lumber

Advanced Framing

CONSTRUCTION GUIDE

Advanced Framing Construction Guide

WOOD The Natural Choice

Engineered wood products are a good choice for the environment. They are manufactured for years of trouble-free, dependable use. They help reduce waste by decreasing disposal costs and product damage. Wood is a renewable resource that is easily manufactured into a variety of viable products.

A few facts about wood. We're growing more wood every day. Forests fully cover one-third of the United States' and one-half of Canada's land mass. American landowners plant more than two billion trees every year. In addition, millions of trees seed naturally. The forest products industry, which comprises about 15 percent of forestland ownership, is responsible for 41 percent of replanted forest acreage. That works out to more than one billion trees a year, or about three million trees planted every day. This high rate of replanting accounts for the fact that each year, 27 percent more timber is grown than is harvested. Canada's replanting record shows a fourfold increase in the number of trees planted between 1975 and 1990.

Life Cycle Assessment shows wood is the greenest building product. A 2004 Consortium for Research on Renewable Industrial Materials (CORRIM) study gave scientific validation to the strength of wood as a green building product. In examining building products' life cycles ? from extraction of the raw material to demolition of the building at the end of its long lifespan ? CORRIM found that wood was better for the environment than steel or concrete in terms of embodied energy, global warming potential, air emissions, water emissions and solid waste production. For the complete details of the report, visit .

Manufacturing wood is energy efficient. Wood products made up 47 percent of all industrial raw materials manufactured in the United States, yet consumed only 4 percent of the energy needed to manufacture all industrial raw materials, according to a 1987 study.

Material Wood Steel Aluminum

Percent of Production

47 23

2

Percent of Energy Use

4 48

8

Good news for a healthy planet. For every ton of wood grown, a young forest produces 1.07 tons of oxygen and absorbs 1.47 tons of carbon dioxide.

Wood: It's the natural choice for the environment, for design and for strong,

lasting construction.

NOTICE:

RATED3S2H/E1A6THING

TSHIPZIECSEXDK115-PNF0/39OOE2R0SSCC0SUSA-DPT0R0AEE.GCP4IRO5N1PR1G-Y1I0N8.

The recommendations in this guide apply only to products that bear the APA trademark.

Only products bearing the APA trademark are subject to the Association's quality auditing program.

Form No. M400A ? 2014 APA ? The Engineered Wood Association 2

Advanced Framing

Advanced framing with 2x6 wood studs spaced 24 inches on center, combined with wood structural panel sheathing, is one of the most cost-effective solutions for builders trying to balance increasingly stringent energy codes with structural building code requirements.

Advanced framing is a system of framing techniques based on optimizing building materials to produce wood-framed buildings with lower material and labor costs than conventionally framed structures. Builders who utilize advanced framing techniques optimize framing material usage, reduce wood waste and, with effective insulation detailing, boost the building's efficiency to meet today's energy code requirements. When properly designed and constructed, advanced framed walls that are fully sheathed with wood structural panels, such as plywood or oriented strand board (OSB), provide the structural strength necessary to safely withstand the forces of nature.

This construction guide from APA ? The Engineered Wood Association details advanced framing techniques that will produce energy efficient, structurally sound homes with lower material and labor costs than conventionally framed houses. (Note that some included details may require engineering by a design professional.)

CONTENTS

COMPONENTS OF

ADVANCED FRAMING

4

ADVANCED FRAMING DEFINED 5

ADVANTAGES OF

ADVANCED FRAMING

5

Energy Efficiency

5

Cost Effectiveness

6

Structural Integrity

7

Sustainability

7

INCORPORATING ADVANCED

FRAMING TECHNIQUES

8

FLOOR FRAMING

8

WALL FRAMING

9

Stud Spacing

10

Corners

10

Interior Wall Intersections

11

Prescriptive and Alternate

Connection Details

11

Headers

13

Wood Structural Panel Box Headers 14

Openings

15

Blocking

16

Metal Hardware

16

SINGLE TOP PLATES

17

Ceiling and Roof Framing

17

Single Top Plates and Framing

Member Layout

18

WALL SHEATHING

18

Wind Resistance and Wall Assemblies 18

Wall Bracing

20

MORE INFORMATION

21

Engineered Wood

Construction Systems

21

Building Codes Referenced

in this Guide

22

Additional References

22

Acknowledgements

22

About APA

23

Advanced Framing Construction Guide

COMPONENTS OF ADVANCED FRAMING Houses constructed with advanced framing techniques may include some or all of the following details:

Single top plates (vs. double top plates in conventional framing). See Page 17.

Single headers (vs. double headers and cripples in conventional framing). See Page 13.

Insulated three-stud corners or two-stud corner with ladder blocking. See Page 10.

Framing is in-line or stacked. See Page 18.

2x6 wood studs spaced 24 inches on center (vs. 2x4 wood studs spaced 16 inches on center). See Page 9.

Walls continuously sheathed with plywood or oriented strand board (OSB). See Page 18.

Use of jack studs and cripples around openings only where required. See Page 15.

Form No. M400A ? 2014 APA ? The Engineered Wood Association 4

Advanced Framing Construction Guide

ADVANCED FRAMING DEFINED

Advanced framing is a system of construction framing techniques designed to optimize material usage and increase energy efficiency. Structures built with advanced framing techniques are more resource efficient and offer more space for cavity insulation than similar structures built with conventional framing.

Conventional framing, the industry standard for framing residential construction, typically consists of 2x4 or 2x6 wood framing spaced 16 inches on center, double top plates, three-stud corners, multiple jack studs, double or triple headers, unnecessary cripple studs and other redundant members.

Advanced framing reduces the unnecessary structural redundancies inherent in conventional framing by placing framing members only where they're needed. The most commonly adopted advanced framing technique is 2x6 wood framing spaced 24 inches on center. Other commonly used techniques include single top plates, two-stud corners, single headers, minimal use of jack studs and cripples, and the elimination of redundant studs and unnecessary blocking and bridging. Although some advanced framing techniques can be adopted independently, the greatest savings ? in both cost of construction and energy ? will be realized when the system is applied holistically.

Advanced framing ? also known as optimum value engineering (OVE) ? was developed by the NAHB Research Center, an independent subsidiary of the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB), in the 1970s for the purpose of optimizing material usage while maintaining structural integrity. Today, growing interest in energy conservation is leading more and more builders to adopt advanced framing techniques.

APA recommends that you consult your local building official early in the design phase to verify and obtain acceptance of 24-inch framing techniques in your jurisdiction.

ADVANTAGES OF ADVANCED FR AMING

Advanced framing produces energy efficient, structurally sound homes with lower material and labor costs than conventionally framed houses. The key advantages of advanced framing include:

Energy Efficiency Advanced framing is a proven method for cost-effectively meeting energy code requirements. By maximizing space for cavity insulation and minimizing the potential for insulation voids, advanced framing delivers significant energy performance and cost savings for the builder.

Walls built with 2x6 wood framing spaced 24 inches on center have deeper, wider insulation cavities than conventional 2x4 framing spaced 16 inches on center. Increasing the amount of insulation inside the wall improves the whole wall R-value (resistance to heat flow). Figure 1 shows

FIGURE 1

WALL SYSTEMS THAT MEET R20 WALL REQUIREMENTS* (Whole Wall R-value Comparisons)

18

17.3

17

16.7

16 15.6

15

17.8

14

2x4 framing 16" o.c. with R5 foam sheathing + wall bracing**

2x6 framing 16" o.c. with wood structural panel sheathing

2x6 framing

2x6 framing

24" o.c. with wood 24" o.c. with wood

structural panel structural panel

sheathing and sheathing and

double top plates single top plates

*Evaluation based on uninsulated headers and R21 cavity insulation in 2x6 walls. **Represents a typical foam sheathed wall meeting R20 requirements in accordance with

the 2012 IECC, Table R402.1.1. Assumes 40% structural wall bracing covered with R2 foam sheathing.

Form No. M400A ? 2014 APA ? The Engineered Wood Association 5

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