Pseudoscience - Pennsylvania State University
This document contains protected information. You may not upload, copy, or share these notes (complete or incomplete) with any organization, company, or person who is not currently enrolled in the course without the written consent of the instructor. Violators may be sanctioned.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PseudoscienceLecture GoalsDiscuss Pseudo-ScienceDiscuss Questionable RemediesDiscuss Psychological techniques used to scam peopleWhat is Pseudo-science?Multimillion dollar industry based on lack of public understanding of ________________________Pseudo means = “_____________________”“A theory, methodology, or practice that is considered to be without ___________________________” (from )Objectivity - __________Connectivity - __________Convergence - __________Systematic Empiricism - __________Falisfiability - __________Public Verification - __________Questionable Remedies____________________________More _____________________________Lose _______________________________Better ______________________________ BooksI’m OK, You’re OKMen are from Mars, Women are from VenusTen Stupid Things Women do to Mess Up Their LivesSeven Habits of Highly Effective PeopleThe Secret_______________________________________ thingsNo discussion of _____________________________________________Products Lose weight through ______________________________ Learn while you sleep _________________________________self-help Develop hidden psychic powers Speed readingAll of these tested and ______________________________________Benefits (see Barrer, 1981)Reduced time spent ____________________________________People gain information __________________________________Can benefit other __________________________________ interventionsCan help prevent ________________________________________________RisksPeople are not properly ___________________________________Problem may require more than self-helpOn advice of self-help aid, people may _____________________________________________ and extend the problemProblems with ________________________________________________ choosing best course of treatment for selfNo improvement can…______________________________ the problemReduce _____________________________Reduce ____________________________ for real therapies/interventions_____________________________________ psychologyProjective tests??Re-birthing therapyPrimal scream therapyFacilitated communication (autism)Time management trainingHow Does Pseudo-Science Gain “Credibility?”“Credibility” by Public Opinion ConsensusEveryone agrees (shared opinion)False ConsensusIt must be true (work) because ____________________________________ (uses it)…and has for a long time (_________________________________)Astrology has been around for a long time so there must be some truth in itMothers have used apple-cider vinegar to treat colds for a long time, so it must work“Credibility” From “Experts” ________________________________________‘The ______________________’‘The ______________________’‘The ______________________’“Credibility” by Emotional Need“I really NEED that”People want help (remember ________________________________________________) Emotions are ____________________________________________________________HopeJealousy/DesireFearIf you don’t do this, _________________________________________“Credibility” by Pseudo-EvidenceClaims of _________________________________________Not systematic/ No control group or ____________________________________ No objective evidenceTestimonial “case studies,” opinions, blogsNot enough details for ___________________________________________No operationally defined terms“Credibility” by “Success”Illusions of SuccessEffects of __________________________________________________Bang-head into wall therapy, eat chocolate ants therapy________________________________ effectsChanges in behavior from expectations that a treatment will have some effect________________________________________________ Joe wore crystals and he was healthy…he took them off and got sick“Stacked Deck “readingsCredit card profilesOnline informationBarnum EffectMake claims so general they apply ___________________________________People will self-apply general claimsHoroscope exampleIs Pseudo-Science Ethical?Respect for Rights and DignityBeneficence & NonmaleficenceFidelity & ResponsibilityIntegrityJusticePut ________________________ ................
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