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Round 4Buzzer Question: “What is your favorite movie?”Tossups: 1. Johann Lambert wrote the continued fraction representation of this function in which it is irrational for any rational not equal to zero. The Maclaurin series for this function starts “x plus one-third x cubed plus two-fifteenths x to the fifth” and so on. When this function is applied to a two-part sum, it is equal to the separate sums of this function over one minus the product of this function applied to both independent values. It has a period equal to pi, and this function’s derivative is secant squared. The value for this function at 45 degrees is one. For ten points, name this trigonometric function defined by the ratios of opposite over adjacent and sine over cosine. Answer: tangent function2. This river’s source is in Zadoi County and it eventually flows south into Yunnan. The first European to find this river was Antonio de Faria, and there are floating markets on this river in Can Tho. It is crossed at one points by several “Friendship” bridges and at another junction this river meets the Ruak river. The city of Pakse lies on this river’s banks and it is also the met by the Tonle Sap, which has a notable population of giant catfish. This river’s name is derived from a term meaning “Mother of Waters” in Thai. This river flows through Vientiane and Phnom Penh. For ten points, name this largest river in Southeast Asia.Answer: Mekong River3. In the Wonders of Britain, King Arthur named his favorite hunting dog after this creature. In Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov has a dream in which he sees a crowd beat an old one of these creatures to death. In Leo Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina, Count Vronsky is forced to kill one named Fru-Fru. In Animal Farm, Boxer is a hard working one of these animals who is sent to the knackers when he is unable to work anymore. Ichabod Crane borrows Gunpowder, one of these animals. For ten points, mice change into these animals in order to pull a carriage in Charles Perrault’s version of Cinderella.Answer: horse 4. According to Plutarch this man died in prison after he was accused of embezzling gold for one of his projects. This man was once commissioned to sculpt a group of heroes from the Battle of Marathon, including an image of Miltiades. One of his works was Aphrodite of Elis and this teacher of Alcamenes and Agoracritus also created a work which has a relief of the birth of Pandora on its pedestal. Another one of his works shows a figure holding a small statue of Nike in one hand and an eagle on a scepter in the other. For ten points, name this sculptor of Athena Parthenos and Zeus at Olympia.Answer: Phidias5. It’s not World War II, but the first systematic usage of concentration camps was during this conflict. Winston Churchill worked as a correspondent during this conflict. It was initiated by the Jameson Raid and it also included the Siege of Ladysmith. The two sides in this conflict held the Bloemfontein conference with each other months before it began. This conflict was ended at the Treaty of Vereeniging [Veh-ray-nih-ghing], and afterwards the Orange Free State and Transvaal Republic were integrated into a dominion. For ten points, name this conflict between the British Empire and a Dutch-descended group in modern day South Africa. Answer: Second Boer War [or Anglo-Boer War]6. Opal, Ochre, and Amber sequences end this process by binding release factors. Antibiotics like streptomycin inhibit this process in bacteria, which occurs in the cytoplasm. Aminoacyl synthetases are needed to prime a class of crucial molecules in this process. Peptidyl transferases induce a conformational change that allows a certain clover shaped molecule to move from A to the P sites during this process. The wobble hypothesis explains why there are only about 31 tRNA’s needed in this process. For ten points, name this biological process in which ribosomes read mRNA transcripts and code for amino acids, the first step in protein development. Answer: translation7. This character is given “Pain-Killer” to treat his melancholy but rebels by pouring it into a crack in the floor and giving it to Peter, the cat. This character is bribed to memorize Bible verses with the gift of a Barlow knife. In another novel, this character is shot in the leg by his Uncle Phelps during an elaborate escape. This character confused the first two disciples with David and Goliath and plays Robin Hood “by the book” with his friend Joe Harper. This character gets lost in a cave with his girlfriend, Becky Thatcher. This character witnesses Injun Joe murder Dr. Robinson after the men rob a grave. For ten points name this character who tricks his friends into whitewashing his aunt’s fence for him.Answer: Tom Sawyer (either name acceptable)8. John Quincy Adams was the last president to serve a full four-year term while not performing this action. No action is taken in this activity’s “pocket” form and when this is performed on specific provisions it is called a “line-item” type. The person who performed this action the most was Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and it was originally described in Article 1 of the Constitution as an “executive revisionary power.” These actions can be overridden if two thirds of both chambers of congress agree to do so. For ten points, name this action, which involves the President of the United States refusing to approve a bill or joint resolution.Answer: presidential veto9. This man appointed Herod the king of Judea after an invasion of Parthia and Aulus Hirtius was killed attacking this man’s camps. He helped Aulus Gabinius restore Ptolemy XII to the throne in Egypt and this man’s wife Fulvia supported him in the Perusine War. Cicero’s head and hands were sent to this leader after Cicero attacked him in his writings and this man was defeated at the Battle of Actium. He had earlier supported another leader during the Battle of Philippi. For ten points, name this member of the Second Triumvirate who committed suicide to avoid capture by Octavian.Answer: Marc Antony [accept Marcus Antonius]10. One form of this deity named Harpocrates is represented as a boy with one lock of hair who wears two crowns. This deity was once combined with Sobek and one of his body parts was supposedly buried in a mountain before blooming into lotuses. This deity’s mother accidentally hit him with a harpoon and in another fight, he lost one of his eyes. Pharaohs were thought to be physical avatars of this deity, who also fathered the gods responsible for guarding canopic jars. The wedjat symbolizes this husband of Hathor, who once fooled his opponent in a competition by giving him a boat made of stone. A falcon-headed god, for ten points, name this deity who defeated Set to avenge his father, Osiris.Answer: Horus11. According to most accounts this city was founded by a Norwegian mercenary named Captain Jon Logerquist. Several notable landmarks in this city include the Park Row Theater and Daggett Enterprise building. Its former police Commissioner, Gillian Loeb, was forced to resign under accusations of corruption and a popular radio host based in this city is Jack Ryder. This city was plagued by a serial murderer known as the “Holiday Killer” in The Long Halloween, and this city’s Otisburg District is home to the Ace Chemicals building. Roman Sionis leads a crime syndicate in this city which is also dominated by the Maroni and Falcone crime families. Home of the Iceberg Lounge and Blackgate Penitentiary this is, for ten points, what fictional New Jersey town famously patrolled by Batman?Answer: Gotham City 12. The kinetics that dictate the transfer of this process’ stages are described by the Van Deemter equation. Under set conditions, the movement of one component in this process is described by Kovat’s index. Mass spectrometry is used after this technique during a far-eastern blot, which comes in “flash” and “planar” forms. It contains a stationary and a mobile phase, and it commonly uses affinity beads. It is often performed in silica-rich plates and comes in thin-layer, column, and gas varieties. A simple form of this technique can be performed with paper, water, and a black inkspot, which eventually culminates in the separation of ink colors. For ten points, name this laboratory technique in which substances are separated by different mobilities in a solvent. Answer: chromatography13. This phenomenon is described as an erroneous connection between thought and action in the book Primitive Cultures by the British anthropologist Edward Tylor. It was described as being inherently anti-social by Marcel Mauss and it is one of the primary subjects of a work describing the agriculture of the Trobriand islanders. Two proposed laws that describe the function of this phenomenon include the Law of Similarity and the Law of Contagion. Theurgists are people who engage in this practice, which is included in the title of a work by Malinowski describing The Coral Gardens and this phenomenon. The “sympathetic” type has similarities to the imitative type, a fact described in a work by James Frazer. For ten points, name this cultural practice, called the “opposite of science” in The Golden Bough, a phenomenon that may be wielded by sorcerers. Answer: magic14. Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach wrote two Sonatas and a Concerto in G for this instrument which was notably composed by Mozart. In Carnival of the Animals, this instrument was only featured in the foreground during the 10th movement, Volière. Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf opens with a duck arguing with an animal represented by this instrument. Both Ravel’s Bolero and Debussy’s Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun open with this instrument playing a solo. For ten points, Prince Tamino receives the power to turn sorrow into joy with a magical one of these woodwind instruments, which is often used to represent songbirds.Answer: flute [do not accept piccolo or recorder]15. In one of this author’s works, an old man finds the titular location and has to take pills before sleeping next to drugged virgins. In a short story by this author, a high school student is attracted to the drum-playing titular character, but laughs when he realizes in a public bath she is much younger than he thought she was. Besides “The House of Sleeping Beauties” and “The Dancing Girl of Izu,” this author wrote a novel in which Shimamura falls for a geisha named Komako, and another novel where the best player of the eponymous board game plays the youthful Otake. For ten points, name this author of Snow Country and The Master of Go.Answer: Yasunari Kawabata16. The two female lawyers of the defendant in this case, Sarah Weddington and Linda Coffee, previously filed suit in the District Court of Northern Texas, and then took it up to Supreme Court. The court opinion on this case was declared the same day as Doe v. Bolton. In opposition to this case, Congress passed the Hyde Amendment. This case relied on the right to privacy precedent set down in Griswold v. Connecticut. The majority opinion on this case was written by Harry Blackmun, who supported the case of Norma McCovey. This case was referred to in Planned Parenthood v Casey. For ten points, name this landmark 1973 Supreme Court case that dealt with laws outlawing abortion.Answer: Roe v. Wade [or Wade v. Roe]17. This member of the Uranium Club co-wrote a paper on dispersion with Hans Kramer and along with Max Born and Pascual Jordan, helped form matrix mechanics. Aside from discovering several allotropic forms of hydrogen, this man helped develop the S-matrix. His namesake thought experiment involves light passing through a microscope and inducing Compton recoil in an electron. This man’s namesake principle limits the precision to which both the position and momentum of a particle can be known simultaneously. For ten points, name this German physicist who developed his namesake Uncertainty Principle.Answer: Werner Karl Heisenberg18. The author of this poem describes a time when “your quaint honour turn to dust/And into ashes all my lust.” The speaker describes the grave as a lonely location where “none, I think, do embrace.” The narrator earlier describes finding gemstones near the Ganges and towards its end asks the addressee to roll “our sweetness up into one ball.” One section of this poem features a catalogue of body-part appraisals in which the author describes “a hundred years should go to praise/thine eyes and on thy forehead gaze.” The speaker describes how his “vegetable love” will grow “vaster than empires” and it concludes by claiming that the speaker and addressee can make their sun “run.” For ten points, name this poem which begins: “Had we but world enough and time,” a work by Andrew Marvell. Answer: “To His Coy Mistress” 19. Timothy Pickering and Charles C. Pinckney were members of this political party, and a member of this political party, alongside Philip Schuyler, was the first senator of New York. That senator, Rufus King, was the last man in this political party to run for president. One figure wrote under the name Publius when publishing several documents detailing this political party’s beliefs. While George Washington did not publicly align himself with any political party, historians often classify him as a member of this political party. This political party supported a strong national government and members ideologically opposed the Democratic-Republicans. For ten points name this political party of John Adams and Alexander Hamilton.Answer: Federalist Party 20. Followers of this man’s philosophy practiced a form of meditation known as jing zuo. This man proposed that social disorder derived from misconceptions about reality, an idea he hoped to fix through his theory of “rectifying names.” This philosopher was said to be a master of li and one of his system’s central tenets is known as ren, or humaneness. He famously established the five cardinal relationships, which include father and son, as well as subject and ruler. The Analects are the collected teachings of, for ten points, what Chinese scholar who notably founded a namesake school of thought centering on logic, education, and Chinese cultural traditions. Answer: Confucius [or Kong Qui; or Kongzi]21. One work by this author fictionalized the Sacco and Vanzetti case by having Mio Romagna attempt to prove his father’s innocence of robbery and murder charges. This poet also published a set of four poems concerning man’s relationship with time, the universe, and the divine in a collection known as Four Quartets. He describes “eyes I dare not meet in dreams,” in one poem, while he explores his Anglican faith in his work Ash Wednesday. In another poem by this man, the main character asks “do I dare to eat a peach?” and while he has “heard the mermaids singing, each to each,/I do not think that they will sing to me.” For ten points, name this author of “The Hollow Men” and “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.”Answer: T. S. Eliot Bonuses: 1. The invention of the daguerreotype helped create this new form of art, which was later refined and widely popularized by Kodak. For ten points each: [10] Name this form of art, whose rise in popularity coincided with an international trend in pictorialism amidst the 19th and 20th centuries. Answer: photography (accept “taking pictures” or equivalents)[10] This famous photographer popularized the zone system, and predominantly captured the American Southwest in black and white. Answer: Ansel Adams[10] This other photographer captured several passengers aboard a ship in The Steerage. He was also married to Georgia O’Keefe.Answer: Alfred Stieglitz2. This project was formally named the Development of Substitute Materials. For ten points each:[10] Name this project that produced the first atomic weapons. It was headquartered at Los Alamos, New Mexico.Answer: Manhattan Project[10] This aircraft dropped the first atomic bomb over Hiroshima and was on the mission that bombed Nagasaki. This aircraft was named after the mother of Paul Tibbets.Answer: Enola Gay[10] After the bombing of Nagasaki, the Japanese government signed the official surrender on this ship. Answer: U.S.S. Missouri3. 1997 and 1998 saw one of the most extreme events of this weather phenomenon in modern history. For ten points each:[10] Name this climactic event that affects surface water off the west coast of South America and whose name refers to the Christ child.Answer: El Nino (accept ENSO or El Nino- Southern Oscillation) [10] Due to El Nino’s high surface temperatures, it largely stops this wind driven flow of cold, nutrient rich water from the ocean floor to its surface.Answer: upwelling[10] A weakening or reversing of this east-west wind pattern above the Pacific Ocean has been linked to stronger El Nino events. Answer: Walker Circulation4. Expounding on the thoughts of earlier Behaviorist, this man developed a namesake box that could distribute punishment or reward in response to a subject’s actions. For ten points each: [10] This American psychologist is famous for his operant conditioning experiments, and his book, Walden Two, describes a utopian society controlled by behavior modification. Answer: Burrhus Frederic Skinner [10] Skinner trained these animals to steer missiles during World War II, and he later taught these animals to play ping pong.Answer: pigeons[10] Skinner invented this device to regulate the temperature and humidity for his daughter, Deborah. Answer: air crib or baby tender 5. By the end of the book, the protagonist turns into a recluse, only talking to the horses in his stables. For ten points each:[10] Name this satire by Jonathan Swift, a fictional autobiography of the namesake protagonist who finds fantastical lands during his hazardous sea voyages. Answer: Gulliver’s Travels[10] Gulliver finds himself a giant on this island near Tasmania, where the citizens are involved in a war with the sister island of Blefuscu. An internal conflict involves a debate over what end of a hard-boiled egg should be cracked. Answer: Lilliput[10] Swift also wrote this textbook example of Juvenalian Satire, in which he provides many reasons that the Irish poor would benefit from selling their babies to the English for food.Answer: A Modest Proposal6. For ten points each, name these territorial divisions of Western Canada:[10] This territory, home to Carmacks and Dawson City, has its capital at Whitehorse.Answer: Yukon[10] This province is home to a namesake lake as well as a lake sharing a name with its capital Winnipeg.Answer: Manitoba[10] This province shares the city of Lloydminster with Alberta. Its capital is Regina.Answer: Saskatchewan7. It was ruled by men like Naram-Sin and Dudu, both of whom extended this state’s hegemony of the so-called “Four Quarters.” For ten points each:[10] Name this Mesopotamian nation, often called the first ancient empire. Answer: Akkadian Empire[10] The Akkadian Empire was founded by this man who conquered much of surrounding Sumer during his “Gutian” campaign. Answer: Sargon the Elder or Sargon the Great (if they give a regnal number count it wrong)[10] Several historians and archaeologists believe that Sargon was the likely inspiration for this Biblical king of Shinar who famously tried to build the Tower of Babel.Answer: Nimrod8. If an external force is present, this object can be classified as “driven”. For ten points each:[10] Name this type of system which, when removed from equilibrium, is restored by a single force equated to the displacement. Objects such as springs and pendulums undergo it.Answer: simple harmonic oscillation or simple harmonic oscillators[10] This is the effect in which the amplitude of a harmonic oscillator is reduced over time.Answer: damping[10] Due to this principle, the period of a pendulum is the same regardless of the displacement amplitude. An example of this principle states that tan theta is approximately equivalent to theta.Answer: small angle approximation9. One work of this musical movement composed in honor of the September 11 attacks is a choral piece known as On the Transmigration of Souls. For ten points each: [10] Name this popular 20th century musical style that defined much of the works composed by Arvo Part and John Adams. Answer: minimalism[10] One of the most notable minimalist works is this composition, which eliminates the use of instruments in favor of unintentional ambient sound in the allotted time. Answer: 4’33” [or four minutes thirty-three seconds][10] This other minimalist composer is known for his “Portrait Trilogy” which features the operas Satyagraha and Akhnaten. Answer: Philip Glass10. In this novel, the narrator talks about falling in love with Annabel Leigh and killing Clare Quilty. For ten points each:[10] Name this novel in which Humbert Humbert falls in love with the very young title character.Answer: Lolita[10] This author of Lolita also wrote about Charles Kinbote as he analyzes a 999-line work written by John Shade in his novel Pale Fire.Answer: Vladimir Nabokov[10] Nabokov’s book Speak, Memory is a work of this type. Elie Wiesel also wrote a famous example of this type of book called Night.Answer: autobiography [also accept related answers like “memoir”]11. Linguists have come up with a lot of terms to describe language. For ten points each, name some:[10] These things are the smallest linguistically useful units of sound. They are often combined to form morphemes.Answer: phonemes[10] This is the term for a phonetically distinct variant of a phoneme.Answer: allophone[10] Another important part of linguistics is semantics, which is the study of this subject.Answer: meaning12. With his wife Helene Weigel, this man founded the Berliner Ensemble theater company. For ten points each: [10] Name this German playwright of The Threepenny Opera and Mother Courage and her Children.Answer: Eugen Bertolt Freidrich Brecht[10] In this Brecht play, the Singer tells a story of how a maid, Grusha, rescues the child Michael from his neglectful parents.Answer: The Caucasian Chalk Circle[10] Brecht set Mother Courage and Her Children during this war, which also served as the setting in which Fielding and the Cavalier served in Daniel Defoe’s Memoirs of a Cavalier.Answer: Thirty Years War13. This man’s would-be assassin purchased a handgun with an ivory handle instead of a wooden handle as he thought it would make a better museum piece after the incident. For ten points: [10] Believing that he was owed an diplomat position in Paris, Charles D. Guiteau proclaimed that he was a “Stalwart of the Stalwarts” upon his subsequent arrest for the assassination of this U.S president. Answer: James Garfield[10] After President Garfield was shot, this Scottish-American inventor attempted to use his newly-invented metal detector to find the bullet. He is better known for having said the phrase “Mr. Watson—Come here—I want to see you."Answer: Alexander Graham Bell[10] Up until 2005, this telecommunications company still went by a form of its original name, the Southern Bell Telephone Company. The previous forced breakup of this company resulted in many “Baby Bell” companies, most of which were later re-absorbed through buyouts. Answer: American Telephone & Telegraph Company14. Sometimes a show’s quality crashes long before it officially ends. In a last-ditch effort to renew viewer interest some disastrous story choices may be implemented. For ten points each: [10] Give this term, which refers to a particularly desperate attempt to hold audience attention with a cheap or idiotic gimmick. It takes its name from such an instance on Happy Days when Fonzie performed the eponymous action on water skis. Answer: jumping the shark[10] The opposite of “jumping the shark” is known as “growing the beard,” a reference to this show, in which Jonathan Frakes, who played Commander Riker, chose to grow a beard between seasons which correlated with a sharp increase in this show’s quality.Answer: Star Trek: The Next Generation [prompt on “Star Trek”][10] A type of “shark jumping” is when a show implements a “Cousin Oliver,” a dorky, annoying, or otherwise overbearing character added in later seasons to appeal to younger demographics. The name comes from this popular sitcom, to which the unbearable Cousin Oliver was added in its final season. Answer: The Brady Bunch15. This religion’s denominational groups are known as mansions. For ten points each:[10] Name this religion and social movement that developed in Jamaica, which often refers to cannabis as the “holy herb.”Answer: Rastafarianism[10] Rastafarianism believes that this historic leader was a messianic figure. As the Emperor of Ethiopia, he gave a speech in front of the League of Nations that decried the use of chemical weapons by the invading Italians.Answer: Haile Selassie I [also accept Ras Tafari Makonnen or Ras Tafari Woldemikael][10] Leonard Howell, one of the first preachers of the Rastafarian movement, promoted this lifestyle after observing it among indentured servants from India. It is called “ital” in Rastafarianism.Answer: vegetarianism [accept veganism]16. This type of force includes Debye and Keesom interactions between molecules. For ten points each:[10] Name this class of intermolecular forces that include dipole-dipole interactions and are not the result of a direct chemical bond.Answer: van der Waals forces[10] The r to the negative 6th term in this equation describes attractive forces like the van der Waals force. This doubly-eponymous model also includes four times the well depth and a repulsive term with an r to the negative 12th.Answer: Lennard-Jones potential[10] Many of water’s special properties come from the fact it has two sites for this other intermolecular force. A dipole-dipole interaction forms between a namesake atom and oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen in this intermolecular force.Answer: hydrogen bonds17. One of this man’s characters is thrown out of a seminary for being too drunk to go to church, while another must fight the plague affecting the island of St. Hubert. For ten points each:[10] Name this American author, the creator of Elmer Gantry and Martin Arrowsmith.Answer: Sinclair Lewis[10] Carol Milford marries Will Kennicott and moves to Gopher Prairie in what Lewis work?Answer: Main Street[10] In this Lewis novel, Buzz Windrip defeats Franklin Roosevelt in a presidential election and institutes a totalitarian regime.Answer: It Can’t Happen Here18. When this man reached the coast of California he named it “Nova Albion” and claimed it for England. For ten points each: [10] Name this captain and English privateer, perhaps best known for his constant harassment of the Spanish navy and his circumnavigation of the globe. Answer: Sir Francis Drake[10] Sir Francis Drake led a pivotal raid on this Spanish port, an act sometimes denoted as a “singing of the Spanish King’s beard.” His attack on this port was a preemptive measure against the Spanish Armada and likely delayed its attack on England for another year. Answer: Cadiz[10] After a failed raid on San Juan, Sir Francis Drake died from this disease. This disease also killed Edward the Black Prince and John I of England. Answer: dysentery19. The tree Glasir and the stag Eikthyrnir [ike-thur-near] stand in this place, for ten points each: [10] Name this hall in Asgard where half of the warriors slain in battle go and from where the einerjar [ayn-hair-yar] will ride out at Ragnarok.Answer: Valhalla[10] While Odin sits in Valhalla with the warriors, he eats nothing and instead gives his food to his wolves. Name either.Answer: Geri or Freki[10] While half of the warriors go to Valhalla, the other half go to Folkvangr, a meadow which is ruled over by this deity.Answer: Freya20. Technically speaking, grazing is an example of this biological interaction. For ten point each:[10] Name this interaction in which one organism feeds upon another. Organisms that are not targeted by other organisms in this interaction are typically said to be at its “apex.”Answer: predation [accept word forms][10] Biodegradation is another name for this process in which dead organic substances are externally broken down into simpler bits of organic matter. Mushrooms release enzymes to perform this function.Answer: decomposition [accept word forms][10] Unlike decomposers, these organisms, which include earthworms and dung beetles, actually consume bits of decomposing organic matter. Answer: detritivores [prompt on “scavengers”]21. For ten points each, answer some questions about game theory:[10] This term refers to the point in a non-cooperative game in which no player has an incentive to change their strategy. Its creator won the 1994 Nobel Prize in economics.Answer: Nash Equilibrium[10] This term refers to a game in which the single play Nash equilibrium sits at both players ratting out the other player, even though the socially optimal outcome occurs when both stay silent.Answer: Prisoner’s Dilemma[10] This game demonstrates the tension between personal safety and cooperation. In it players decide whether to work together so they may defect for a small reward, or cooperate for a much larger one. It differs from Prisoner’s Dilemma in that it has two optimal Nash equilibria. Answer: Stag Hunt [accept any variation of “hunt,” also accept Assurance game] ................
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