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GERUND OR INFINITIVE

Gerund

The gerund is a noun which comes from a verb. It always ends in –ing

Gerund can be used:

• As a subject: Jogging is good for your health.

• As an object: He likes jogging.

• As a complement: His favourite kind of exercise is jogging.

• After prepositions: What’s your opinion about jogging?

• After certain verbs such as : admit, avoid, be used to, confess, deny, finish, imagine, keep, mind, prevent.: He used to jogging every day.

• After the verb go to refer to sports or activities: Do you ever go jogging?

Infinitive

Use the to – infinitive :

• After the verbs : ask, decide, hope, manage, need, plan, promise, try, want: We are planning to visit them next week.

• After the adjectives : afraid, difficult, important, easy, happy, nice, pleased, sad, sorry. He was very happy to see us again.

• After too + adj./adv. Or adj. / adv. + enough. It’s too cold to go out. / he isn’t rich enough to buy a yacht.

• After the indefinite pronouns. I’ve got something to tell you.

Use the infinitive without to :

• After modal verbs. He may be able to see you later.

• After the verbs let and make, in active voice. Let me try again, please. / He made me wait for an hour.

Gerund or infinitive

Certain verbs can be followed be either a gerund or an infinitive:

• Begin, start - It suddenly started raining / to rain. (no difference)

• Stop, remember – He stopped smoking (First he smoked then he stopped)

He stopped to smoke (He stopped what he was doing in order to smoke)

He remembers paying that bill (He remembers now that he paid the bill.)

He remembered to pay the bill. (First he remembered then he paid)

• Like / love / hate / enjoy / prefer + gerund express general preference:

I love swimming. / I hate waking up early

Would + like / love / hate / enjoy / prefer + to-infinitive express specific preference:

I would like to watch that film. / We would prefer to stay at home tonight.

Activities……..

Fill in the blanks with the to – infinitive or the infinitive without to of the verbs in brackets.

a. He promised ___________ to me every week. (write)

b. Mary is busy now but she may _________ us later. (join)

c. Our manager makes us _________ very hard. (work)

d. It’s so nice ___________ you again after such a long time. (see)

e. Is there anything ____________ ? (eat)

f. The test was too hard for me ________ . (do)

g. You must _______ me __________ the situation to you. (let, explain)

h. It’s important _______ the order before noon. (deliver)

Circle the correct answer

a. He denied / steal the money from the till.

b. We rarely go to climb / climbing in the winter.

c. Why don’t you ask Pat help / to help you?

d. I tried to open / open the door but I couldn’t.

e. Keep to try / trying an you’ll succeed.

f. Let’s go home. There’s nothing else do / to do here.

g. Don’t make your brother cry / to cry.

h. Give me a call before leave / leaving the office.

i.

Fill in the blanks with the gerund, the to-infinitive or the infinitive without to of the verbs in brackets.

It was on a hot August morning when we set out on our holidays to the South of France. We had decided ___________ (travel) by car. Jack usually avoids ___________ (drive) so far but I insisted since the weather was good and there were so many interesting places ____________ (visit) on the way. Anyway, we were both very happy __________ (leave) the city and we hoped ____________ (have) an enjoyable trip. And we did, at least until it started _____________ (rain) heavily. We stopped the car and went to a café by the motorway to have something ______________ (drink). When it stopped _______________ (rain) half an hour later, we left the café and walked towards our car. Suddenly, Jack began ________________ (shout). He had forgotten ____________ (close) the sun roof and the rain had flooded our car. We finished _________ (empty) the water from the car two hours later and we drove the rest of the way without ____________ (speak) to each other.

The key …..

1. To write , join, work, to see, to eat, to do, let/explain, to deliver

2. Stealing, climbing, to help, to open, trying, to do, cry, leaving

3. To travel, driving, to visit, to leave, to have, to rain / raining, to drink, raining, to shout / shouting, to close, emptying, speaking.

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