TOSSUPS



Truman Bowl II

Round II: Round Harder

Packet by: Unknown

TOSSUPS

Michael Faraday first isolated this compound in 1825. This molecule is found naturally in crude oil and coal tar, and although its use as a gasoline additive has diminished due to its carcinogenic properties, it is still useful as an industrial solvent. Its ring structure was proposed in 1865 by Friedrich Kelulé. For 10 points, identify this well-known aromatic hydrocarbon with formula C6H6.

ANSWER: Benzene

It was originally composed in 1890, but the revised edition was not published until 1905. This piece is written in 9/8 time in the key of D flat major. It briefly transitions into A major midway through the piece before returning to D flat major. For 10 points, name this piece, the third section of the Suite Bergamasque and one of Claude Debussy’s most recognizable works.

ANSWER: “Clair de lune”

Tradition held that during this event all warfare was meant to stop. Originally begun as religious festivals to the god Zeus, it started in 776 BC and had athletes from all over come to compete in events such as racing, and other events such as boxing, wrestling, as well as a Pentathlon. For 10 points, name this event which was held every 4 years in Olympia, Greece?

ANSWER: The ancient Olympics

When it was first surveyed in 1823, this lake was among the largest in the world, but it has undergone a significant decrease in size since then. This lake is surprisingly shallow, with a maximum depth of only 34 feet. It borders four countries, including one which shares its name with the lake. For 10 points, name this lake in northern Africa.

ANSWER: Lake Chad

In one section of this work, liberty and necessity are defined as matters of monetary emotional feeling, “not to be controlled or altered by any philosophical theory.” In the fourth section, the author divides objects of inquiry into “relations of ideas” and “matters of fact.” Another section discusses the impossibility of miracles. Revising ideas developed in Treatise of Human Nature, for 10 points, name this work of David Hume.

ANSWER: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding

Minor characters in this novel include a prostitute named Sunny and a cab driver named Horwitz. After the protagonist is expelled from Pencey, a prep school, he travels to New York, where he encounters a pair of nuns and his old English teacher. He finally reunites with his little sister, Phoebe, towards the novel’s end. For 10 points, name this book by J.D. Salinger that chronicles a few days in the life of Holden Caulfield.

ANSWER: The Catcher in the Rye

This building was considered to be the first capitol of the United States and hosted the inauguration of George Washington in 1789. It served as New York’s City Hall in the 1700’s and also the meeting place for congress from 1785 to 1789 until they moved to Philadelphia. It was torn down for $400 worth of scrap in 1812. It was later rebuilt as the Customs House. For 10 points, name this National Landmark located on Wall Street in New York City.

ANSWER: Federal Hall

It was first proposed in 1827, and one version of this law states that J = σE, where J is the current density of a material, σ is the conductivity, and E is the electric field. In words, this law states that the current between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference and inversely proportional to the resistance. For 10 points, name this law, whose modern form is written V = IR.

ANSWER: Ohm’s Law

This poem is about an Acadian girl as she searches for Gabriel, her lost love, during the time of the Great Upheval when the Acadians were deported from Acadie by the British. For 10 points, name this work from 1847 by Henry Woodsworth Longfellow.

ANSWER: Evangeline

Born in 1863, he originally studied engineering before turning his attention to painting. Two of his major works are Puberty, which depicts a nude teenage girl seated on her bed, and Madonna, in which the mother of God is also nude. His most famous work shows a man standing on a bridge against a blood-red sky. For 10 points, name this Norwegian expressionist who painted The Scream.

ANSWER: Edvard Munch

In 1913 this was described as a “purely objective branch of natural science “and that “introspection forms no essential part of its methods.” Late in the twentieth century the cognitive revolution began to overshadow this school of psychology. B. F. Skinner was the founder of the “radical” form of it and John B. Watson is considered to have established the school itself. FTP, name this philosophy of psychology based on the proposition that all things that organisms do can be regarded as behavior.

ANSWER: behaviorism

The theology of this religious sect first appeared in the second century. Members of this sect differ from others of their religion in that they believe that Ali ibn Abi Talib, Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law, was his rightful successor, not the first four caliphs. For 10 points, name this group prevalent mostly in Iran, the second-largest Islamic sect after Sunni Muslims.

ANSWER: Shi’a [or Shi’ite Muslims]

This city was the home of Louis XIV, XV, XVI after Louis XIV moved the capital here from Paris in 1682. It played a pivotal role to the French Revolution where members of the Third Estate took the Tennis Court Oath which started the French Revolution. For 10 points, name this city outside of Paris that was the site of various treaties which ended such conflicts such as the American Revolutionary War and World War I.

ANSWER: Versailles

The first known victim of this disease was a resident of the Old City of Jerusalem, but an effective treatment for it was not introduced until the 1930s in the form of dapsone. Also called Hansen’s disease, it causes skin lesions and may lead to permanent damage to the nerves, limbs, and eyes if left untreated. For 10 points, name this disease of the nervous system and mucosa, which is mentioned 68 times in the Bible.

ANSWER: Leprosy

This song, released in 1983, topped the charts in Australia, West Germany, and New Zealand, and reached #2 on the United States’ Billboard’s Top 100 list. Although the original-language lyrics are less satirical than their English counterpart, this chart-topper speaks to an apocalyptic overreaction by East German forces, triggered by harmless floating objects. FTP, name this song by German singer, Nena, whose title translated somewhat erroneously into English as “99 Red Balloons.”

ANSWER: “99 Luftballoons” [NOYN-und-NOYN-tsig LOOFT-bahl-ohns] [or “99 Red Balloons” before it is read]

The protagonist of this novel is a voracious reader and is uninterested in the Bible itself but still impresses others with his ability to memorize and recite back entire passages in Latin. His passionate love affair with the wife of the mayor of Verrieres eventually leads to his downfall, but not before he takes part in several clandestine political activities for the monarchists during the events leading up to the 1830 July Revolution. The novel ends with his execution and his other former lover, Mathilde, kissing the lips of his severed head. FTP, name this novel centering around the life of Julien Sorel, one of the most famous works by the French author Stendhal.

ANSWER: The Red and the Black [accept: Le Rouge et le Noir]

Very few surviving myths describe the childhood of this goddess, and as such, she is most often depicted as a fully grown huntress. Orion was once one of her hunting companions, although by some accounts it was this Greek goddess who killed Orion. Stags lead this goddess’s chariot and her symbol is the silver bow and arrow. The daughter of Zeus and Leto and twin sister of Apollo is, FTP, what goddess of virginity and of the hunt?

ANSWER: Artemis [or Diana until “Greek” is read]

This duo is famous for their 14 comic operas during the Victorian era. One of them’s father was a naval surgen while the other one’s father was a military bandmaster. They first were together to produce a Christmas show called Thespis. For 10 points name this duo, most famous for operas like The Mikado, HMS Pinafore, and The Pirates of Penzance.

ANSWER: Gilbert and Sulivan

In Saint Joan, this playwright wrote about Joan of Arc soon after her canonization by the Catholic Church. In his Heartbreak House, Ellie Dunn encounters chaos at a dinner party, and in Man and Superman, he wrote about Don Juan. Other works by this author, the only person to be awarded both a Nobel Prize for Literature and an Oscar, include Arms and the Man, The Philanderer, and Mrs. Warren’s Profession. For 10 points, name this Irish playwright, author of Pygmalion.

ANSWER: George Bernard Shaw

This layer of the Earth’s atmosphere is home to many interesting phenomena, including noctilucent clouds and electrical discharges called red sprites and blue jets. Lying above the range of aircraft but below the range of orbiting spacecraft, it is the least understood layer. For 10 points, name this layer which lies between the stratosphere and the thermosphere, derived from the Greek word for middle.

ANSWER: Mesosphere

EXTRA- USE IN CASE OF TIE

Other names for it are the jolt, surge, and lurch, and it has no universally accepted symbol, although j is often used. In a system where acceleration is constant, such as an object falling due to gravity, its value is zero. It is defined as the third derivative of the position function. For 10 points, name this term, which also describes a person who is unfriendly, critical, or mean.

ANSWER: Jerk

This political policy was very controversial policy during it’s time and resulted in the segregation of blacks and whites in every aspect of life. It was initiated in 1948 and categorized inhabitants into categories such as “black”, “white”, “coloured”, and “Indian”. This policy resulted in a trade embargo of this African nation until 1994 when it was repealed. For 10 points, name this political policy of South Africa that Nelson Mandela fought against.

ANSWER: Apartheid

Born in 1904 in Red Bank, New Jersey, this jazz pianist is considered one of the most significant band leaders of his time. His most notable recordings include the original composition One O’clock Jump as well as his rendition of Vernon Duke’s April in Paris. For 10 points, name this man who, while not an aristocrat, did lead his namesake orchestra for nearly fifty years.

ANSWER: William “Count” Basie

In one of this author’s novels the protagonist falls into the arms of her future lover, George, after witnessing a murder while on holiday in Florence, and another work is a bildungsroman centering on Rickie Elliot. His most famous novel includes such characters as Adela Quested and Dr. Aziz. For 10 points, name this author who wrote A Room with a View, The Longest Journey, and A Passage to India.

ANSWER: E.M. Forster

BONI

For 10 points each, name these battles of World War I

[10] This battle is considered to be the first battle of the war and lasted 12 days as the Belgians held out against the much larger German Army between August 5 and August 16 1914.

ANSWER: Battle of Liege

[10] This battle lasted 3 days and was the result of French and German forces meeting in the titular forest. Heavy fog made fighting here really difficult and delayed battle for 2 days as a result. As a result of this battle, the French were retreated back to the bored and lost iron resources in this region

ANSWER: Battle of the Ardennes

[10] One of the critical battles of World War I, this battle between the French and German armies occurred outside of this namesake city in northeastern France. This battle was the longest and most devastating battle of the whole war which resulted in a French victory.

ANSWER: Battle of Verdun

Identify the following directions commonly used in written music for 10 points each.

[10] This common musical direction means “becoming louder.”

ANSWER: Crescendo

[10] This tempo marking is faster than adagio but slower than moderato; it literally means to play “at a walking speed.”

ANSWER: Andante

[10] This direction, usually found near the end of a piece, means “fading away” or “dying away.”

ANSWER: Morendo

This uplifting poem features the speaker pleading to his dying father. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this poem that claims, “Old age should burn and rave at close of day.”

ANSWER: Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night

[10] The piece was written by this Welsh poet, a notorious alcoholic whose alleged last words were, “I’ve had eighteen straight whiskies, I think that is a record.”

ANSWER: Dylan Thomas

[10] Thomas was also well known for this poem, notable for its vivid descriptions of the bucolic setting and its rhapsodic lyricism.

ANSWER: Fern Hill

Identify the following physical constants for ten points each.

[10] It is denoted with a lowercase c, as in E = mc2. Its exact value is 299,792,458 meters per second, but it is often rounded to 3.0 × 108 meters per second for simplifying calculations.

ANSWER: Speed of Light in a Vacuum

[10] It is denoted me (read: m sub e) and has an approximate value of 9.1 × 10-31 kg. This is about one one-thousandth of the value of the mass of a proton.

ANSWER: Electron Mass [or Mass of an Electron]

[10] It is denoted with a lowercase h, as in E = hν (read: E equals h nu). It has an approximate value of 6.626 × 10-34 J∙s (read: Joule-seconds).

ANSWER: Planck’s constant [or Planck constant]

Oh, Canada! For 10 points each, name these authors native to or associated with our northern neighbor.

[10] This witty author, widely associated with America, was actually born in Quebec before he moved to Humboldt Park in Chicago. He wrote such novels as Herzog, Henderson the Rain King, and The Victim.

ANSWER: Saul Bellow [accept Solomon Bello, as that was his original name]

[10] This Canadian novelist, poet, and feminist is known for such poems as Spelling and Variation on the Word Sleep as well as for the novel The Handmaid’s Tale.

ANSWER: Margaret Atwood

[10] This native Canadian author set her most famous novel in her home Canadian province, Prince Edward Island. The novel’s titular village, Green Gables, is an actual Canadian town.

ANSWER: Lucy Maud Montgomery

Have some fun with the pessimistic Kierkegaard for 10 points each:

[10] The title despair of this Kierkegaard work takes three forms: not being conscious of having a self, not willing to be oneself, or willing to be oneself.

ANSWER: Sickness unto Death [or Sygdommen til Doden]

[10] Kierkegaard used this pseudonym in writing Sickness unto Death and Practice in Christianity.

ANSWER: Anti-Climacus

[10] Kierkegaard has often been associated with this movement, which cites God as the factor to which man must be related in order to be a self.

ANSWER: Christian Existentialism

Eleven states ratified the constitution before it took effect on March 4, 1789. North Carolina and Rhode Island only ratified it after the Bill of Rights was added. FTP each:

[10] Name this article of the Constitution that decrees that only nine states must approve the Constitution in order for it to be ratified and to take effect.

ANSWER: Article Seven

[10] This article forbids religion as a requirement for holding a governmental position and holds the United States under the Constitution responsible for debts incurred by the United States under the Articles of Confederation. It also establishes the U.S. Constitution and any laws or treaties made in accordance with it as the supreme law of the land.

ANSWER: Article Six

[10] This article of the Constitution which creates electors and allows for Congress to set a national Election Day. This article also gave Congress the power to create a line of succession past the Vice President, in the case that the President is removed from office.

ANSWER: Article Two

Have you read these putative classics? Name these books found on the Modern Library’s List of the Top 100 novels, for 10 points each.

[10] At #7, this work by Joseph Heller features such colorful characters as Major Major, Snowden, and Nurse Cramer.

ANSWER: Catch-22

[10] At #92, this novel by William Kennedy, which won the 1984 Pulitzer Prize for fiction, is the most recent novel on the list.

ANSWER: Ironweed

[10] Along with Lord Jim, this 1900 Theodore Dreiser novel at #33 is the oldest book on the list and tells of a country girl’s adventures in Chicago.

ANSWER: Sister Carrie

For ten points each, identify the following about the Roman Catholic Church.

[10] All Catholics are obligated to go to Mass on this holy day, which is always celebrated on the first day of November.

ANSWER: All Saints Day

[10] Catholics believe that during every Mass, the bread and wine at the altar are changed into the Body and Blood of Christ. Give the name for this phenomenon.

ANSWER: Transubstantiation

[10] On all Sundays and Solemnities, Catholics recite this creed together during the Mass. The Apostle’s Creed, which is shorter, may sometimes be substituted.

ANSWER: Nicene Creed

Identify the following laws in the field of chemistry for 10 points each.

[10] It states that the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related, and it is usually written in the form P1V1 = P2V2.

ANSWER: Boyle’s Law

[10] It states simply that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures exerted by each individual gas.

ANSWER: Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

[10] It states that the rate of effusion of a gas and the square root of its molar mass are inversely proportional.

ANSWER: Graham’s Law of Effusion

For ten points each, identify the following South American countries.

[10] It is the largest nation in South America and the only one with Portuguese as the official language.

ANSWER: Brazil

[10] Besides Bolivia, it is the only landlocked nation in South America; its capital is Asunción.

ANSWER: Paraguay

[10] The famous author Gabriel García Márquez was born in the town of Aracataca in this nation, whose capital is Bogotá.

ANSWER: Colombia

Answer the following about paintings by Spanish artists.

[10] This painting, sometimes called Melting Clocks, depicts several limp and wilted timepieces against a desert landscape; it is Salvador Dalí’s most well-known work.

ANSWER: The Persistence of Memory [or La persistencia de la memoria]

[10] This canvas painting by Pablo Picasso, painted during his “blue period”, depicts the title figure playing the titular musical instrument.

ANSWER: The Old Guitarist

[10] This artist, court painter to King Philip IV, created such famous works as La rendición de Breda and Las Meninas.

ANSWER: Diego Velázquez

Prepare to kill the Kraken and answer questions about clashing titans, for 10 points each:

[10] This Titan is often depicted with a sickle, which he received from his mother Gaia. He used said weapon to castrate and depose Uranus.

ANSWER: Chronus

[10] Upon overthrowing Uranus, Chronus re-imprisoned in Tartarus the Hecatonchires, the Gigantes, and this race of one-eyed giants, whose members would later forge the thunderbolt of Zeus, the trident of Poseidon, and Hades’ helmet of darkness.

ANSWER: Cyclopes

[10] In Ovid’s Metamorphoses, this Cyclops threw a rock and killed Acis, a rival suitor of the sea nymph, Galatea. In the Odyssey, he prays to his father Poseidon to seek revenge on Odysseus, who had tricked him by saying his name was “No man.”

ANSWER: Polyphemus

For 10 points each, name these works of fiction from 1937.

[10] A fantasy novel by J.R.R Tolken, it’s set in a time “between the Dawn of Faerie and the Dominion of Men” and features the quest of Bilbo Baggins to get some treasure that is guarded by Smaug the dragon.

ANSWER: The Hobbit

[10] Written by C.S Forester, this was the first of the Horatio Hornblower novels which featured Horatio as the commander of the HMS Lydia as it sails to Nicaragua. On the way, he falls in love with Lady Barbara Wellesley.

ANSWER: The Happy Return

[10] This work by A.J. Cronin actually played a part in the formation of the National Health Service in the United Kingdom shortly after. It drew on the author’s experience in practicing medicine in the coal mining communities in Wales.

ANSWER: The Citadel

For ten points each, identify the following card games played with a standard 52-card deck.

[10] In this game with 26 points per hand, the Queen of Spades alone is worth 13 points. In a hand, players attempt to score either zero points or all 26 points, the latter of which is called “shooting the moon.”

ANSWER: Hearts

[10] In this game, players bet on how many tricks they will win and work together in teams of two to achieve their combined bid. A player may choose to go “blind nil” by making a bid of zero before even looking at his hand.

ANSWER: Spades

[10] There are over a hundred different ways to play solitaire, but most people are only familiar with this variation, in which players try to build up the four suited foundations from ace to king.

ANSWER: Klondike Solitaire

The death of his brother Carloman allowed him to ascend to the throne and continue his father’s ambitions. For 10 points each:

[10] This first Holy Roman Emperor succeeded his father Pepin the Short as King of the Franks, and later divided up his empire between his sons in the Treaty of Verdun.

ANSWER: Charlamagne [or Charles the Great]

[10] Charlamagne was crowned Holy Roman Emperor on Christmas Day in the year 800 by this Pope.

ANSWER: Leo III

[10] Leo III crowned Charlamagne partly out of gratitude for his help in expelling these people from Italy, though a notable league of Italian city states took this name to resist the Holy Roman Emperor.

ANSWER: Lombards

For 10 points, name these works by Beethoven:

[10] This work was composed by Beethoven in 1801 and 1802 and was claimed that it was insprired by a Shakespeare play of a similar name.

ANSWER: The Tempest Sonata

[10] This work Beethoven composed in 1824 was Beethoven’s last complete symphony and incorporated Fridrich Schiller’s poem Ode to Joy into the work.

ANSWER: Symphony No. 9

[10] This work of Beethoven’s written from 1817 to 1818 contained four movements and imitated musicians like Schubert.

ANSWER: Piano Sonata No. 29 in B Flat Major

For ten points, identify the following mammalian orders.

[10] This mammalian order includes apes and humans.

ANSWER: Primates

[10] Forty percent of mammal species belong to this order, which includes squirrels, voles, and rats.

ANSWER: Rodentia [or Rodents]

[10] Not be confused with Perissodactyla, the odd-toed ungulates, this mammalian order contains the even-toed ungulates, such as giraffes, goats, and cattle.

ANSWER: Artiodactyla

For 10 points each, name the following historical British figures involved in the monarchy.

[10] A Prince of Orange, he began his reign after the Glorious Revolution and the deposed James II.

ANSWER: William III

[10] This British monarch had several bouts of mental illness, and was reputed to have mistaken a tree for a Prussian King. He reigned during the Napoleonic Wars.

ANSWER: King George III

[10] Though disputed, she is thought to have been Queen for only nine days, and was later executed after a warrant sent by Mary Tudor.

ANSWER: Lady Jane Grey

Answer the following concerning tectonic plates, for ten points each.

[10] The interaction between the Nazca and South American Plates created this, the longest continental mountain chain in the world.

ANSWER: Andes Mountains

[10] If the Arabian plate and this other plate continue to diverge, one day, the Suez Canal may no longer be necessary.

ANSWER: African Plate

[10] Named after the man who explored the region, this plate is sandwiched between the Pacific and North American Plates.

ANSWER: Juan de Fuca Plate

EXTRA- USE IN CASE OF TIE

“Gotta catch ‘em all!” became the battle cry for many children in the late 1990s. FTP each, answer some questions about everyone’s favorite “pocket monsters”:

[10] With a character design based on the echidna, this starter Pokémon from the Johto region is pictured with flames on its back that change size depending on its mood.

ANSWER: Cyndaquil [sin-duh-kwil]

[10] The region of the Pokémon universe featured primarily in the Red, Blue, Green, and Yellow versions of the video game, this region includes towns like Viridian City, Saffron City, and Pallet Town, home of anime main hero, Ash Ketchum.

ANSWER: Kanto

[10] This term was first applied to a particular Gyarados found in the Gold and Silver versions of the video game, and Pokémon with this distinction were first featured in the trading card game in the Neo Revolution expansion. This term refers to any Pokémon with an alternate coloration.

ANSWER: shining

For 10 points name these museums:

[10] Located on Marylebone Road in Westminster this museum is most famous for it’s wax figures of famous celebrities.

ANSWER: Madame Tussauds

[10] Located in Amsterdam, this museum is famous for it’s large collection of paintings from the Dutch Golden Age as well as it’s large collection of Asian art as well as “The Night Watch”.

ANSWER: Rijksmuseum

[10] One of the largest and oldest museums in the world and built in 1764, this museum in St. Petersburg was founded by Catherine the Great. It consists of 6 buildings along the Palace Embankment and comprises of nearly 3 million items.

ANSWER: The Hermitage Museum

For ten points each, identify the following associated with the field of psychology.

[10] Along with the ego and superego, it is one of the three entities postulated by Freud. It is concerned with instincts and selfish desires.

ANSWER: Id

[10] People suffering from this condition experience alternating cycles of severe depression and hyperactivity. For this reason, it was once called manic depression.

ANSWER: Bipolar Disorder

[10] Carl Jung was the first to propose it. The existence of similar archetypes in various cultures throughout history lends credibility to this phenomenon.

ANSWER: Collective Unconscious

For 10 points, name these holidays of the Islam faith:

[10] This holiday is during the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. It’s a month-long holiday in which Muslims refrain from eating, drinking, smoking, or indulging in anything in excess from dawn until sunset.

ANSWER: Ramadan

[10] This day marks the end of Ramadan and last for 3 days symbolizing the breaking of the fasting period

ANSWER: Eid ul-Fitr

[10] This day is celebrated by Muslims to commemorate the willingness of Abraham to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God, but instead sacrificed a Ram.

ANSWER: Eid al-Adha

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