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DetailsUnder the vigorous and imaginative leadership of Prince Henry the Navigator Portugal captured Cuenta in North Africa and then continued to send one ship after another down the western coast of Africa.Portugal initiates Europe's overseas expansion141514002914650114936DetailsFrom 1439 t0 1453 the Portugues colonized the Azores. They populated most of these islands with slaves imported from Africa to grow sugar.1439Portuguese colonized the AzoresBartholomeu Dias rounded Cape of Good Hope1488Columbus first sighted island of San Salvador1492DetailsChristian Spain celebrates this year as an ending to seven centuries of Muslim rule there.Spain captures Granada from the Moors2419350260350DetailsThis treaty granted Spain the rights to all lands more then 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands. Creating sea lanes that made Portugal the dominant power in the East and Spain in the west.Treaty of Tordezillas1494Dutch Introduce Flyboats1595DetailsGreater security of persons and properties, established laws and court enforcements, and recognized political entities spurred commerce and economic investment. Also so noteworthy was the rapid increase in Europe's population, which was recovering from famines and the Black Death of 1347 and 1348.Northern Europe Experienced Substantial Commercial Growth1499DetailsIn the period between 1500 to 1800 Western European nation-states were all influenced by mercantilism. Mercantilist ideas were important because they were held by practical business people and heads of state who strongly influenced public policy and institutional change. The aim of mercantilists was to achieve power and wealth for the state.Western Europe Greatly influenced by Mercantilism1500Hernando Cortez conquered Mexico for Spain1521Ferdinand Magellan Rounded the Globe1522298132554610DetailsHalf-brothers Sir Walter Raleigh and Humphrey Gilbert were first Englishmen to undertake serious ventures in America. Gilbert went to Newfoundland in 1578 and again in 1583 but failed to colonize the territory either time.Englishmen Venture to America1578DetailsThe Spanish king Philip II claims the throne of Portugal and Spain simply swallows Portugal combining two powerful nations.Spain claims Portugal1580DetailsThe war lasted from 1588 to 1603War between England and Spain1588DetailsIn the 1600's the English and Dutch success represented the commercial revolution sweeping across Northern and Western Europe.Northern and Western Europe Commercial RevolutionEnglishman Richard Hakuylt Advocated permanent settlement in the New World16003785870187960DetailsBetween 1601 and 1740 the introduction of the horse greatly changed the living and hunting traditions for the Native American Indians. They were able to hunt a much larger area and they were also able to make bigger Teepees because they could now carry them.Introduction of Horse to Native American Indians1601England Renews Attempts to Colonize North America1603DetailsEngland granted two charters to Londoners and merchants to Plymouth to colonize the new world.England Grants Charters to Colonize New World1606DetailsJamestown is established and after a long hard winter becomes the first permanent English settlement in the New World.Jamestown is Established1607Samuel de Champlain Established Quebec160827364931501649DetailsWhile trying to establish the New World settlers were first granted rights to land as a group and they all worked together. They were finding that they had too many people that didn't want to contribute the work they should so they started allowing private land holdings of 3 acres.Private holdings of 3 acres allowed in the ColoniesDetailsUnder this system any settler who paid his own way to Virginia was given 50 acres and another 50 acres for anyone else whose transportation he paid for. The promise of land ownership was a huge incentive to get settlers to come to America.Headright SystemTobacco prices between 20 to30 d per poundDetailsA Royal Investigation of the Virginia experience was launched in wake of an Indian attack that took the lives of 500 settlers. They found that since 1607 of the 6000 settlers that had arrived in the new world 4000 had died. The life expectancy of the settlers was only 2 years.A Royal InvestigationVirginia was Converted to a Crown ColonyTobacco Prices Fell to Less than 3 d Per Pound161416181620162316251630DetailsProperty grants were given to Lord Baltimore and William Penn in 1681. They wanted to create a safe haven for Roman Catholics and Quakers as well as other persecuted religious groups.Property Grants to Establish Maryland and Pennsylvania1634DetailsRoger Williams banishment from Puritan Massachusetts sparked a new religiously motivated settlement in Rhode Island.Rhode Island Settlement Established1644DetailsParliament passed the Navigation Acts to try and keep the Colonial trade under English control. There were three major reasons the acts were put in place. 1. To protect and encourage English and Colonial shipping. 2. To ensure major Colonial imports brought in from Europe were from England. 3. To ensure the bulk of desired Colonial exports were shipped to England. Changes were made to the Navigation Acts in 1660 and 1663 as well.Navigation Acts1650Privately Owned Family Farms Prominent in New England1650Massachusetts Became First Colony to Mint Coins1652321945069215DetailsWhile the Navigation Acts were passed by parliament in 1650 they were put into place and started to be enforced at this time.The Beginning of the Navigation Acts1660DetailsWhile Massachusetts had started minting coins they were still using Wampum, a form of payment that they got from the Native American Indians, at this time.Massachusetts Still Using Wampum1661French East Indian Company Established1664DetailsThe Hudson Bay Company was founded at this time and is one of the few shipping companies that is still around today. Hudson Bay Company Founded1670DetailsAccording to Allan Kulikoff between the years of 1630 and 1670 the tobacco output per worker nearly doubled. The increase of the output per worker greatly helps in explaining the huge price drop of tobacco during this time.Tobacco Output Per Worker Nearly Doubled1670DetailsThere was a rise in the wealth inequality in the Colonies and while there were other things that played a part in this the rise in slave labor played a huge part in the inequality of the people. Plantation owners were able to build their wealth much quicker with the use of slaves to further their plantations. Rise in Slave Labor Furthered Rise of Wealth Inequality1675DetailsUp until this time some of the trade laws (Navigation Acts) were enforced but England wanted to have a little more control so the governors were supplied with staff to help enforce the trade ernors Supplied with Staff to Help Enforce Trade lawsDetailsAt this time there was a shift in power in England. Up till now it had been primarily the Crown that held the power and now the power was shifted to Parliament.English Power shifts to Parliament1690270383054610DetailsThe second of the great southern stapes was introduced at this time. New varieties of the grain were introduced and by early 1700 rice was an established crop in the area around Charlston.Rice Introduced in South1695DetailsEngland put new restrictions on the exports of Colonial wool, wool yarn, and all finished wool products.New Wool Shipment Restrictions1699DetailsBy the end of the century the farms were down to about 140 acres. Even though there was a significant decrease in acreage it didn't show any noticeable effect on the agricultural output. In fact the output increase about 7% between the 1st and 3rd quarter of the 18th century. Average size of Pennsylvania farms 500 Acres1700DetailsDuring the early 18th century English goods sold for 80% to 140% more in the Colonies then in England. By mid century the price differences were closer 45% to 75% more in the Colonies. Just before the revolution it was even closer, there was only a 15% to 25% difference.Price Differences in Colonies Vs EnglandDetailsIn the colonies north of the Chesapeake the 18th century farmers showed little advances in the care of their livestock. It wasn't until close to the close of the 18th century that there was any notable change in the livestock care.Little Advance in Livestock Care258826038735New England Fishing Boats Exceed 2000Details. New England and Middle Colonies had high trade deficits with England. The deficits were paid by their produces carried to the West Indies, selling their own land, and other sources of foreign exchange The remaining colonial deficit seemed to be paid by either outflow of specie or by growing indebtedness Colonist Faced Chronic Trade Deficit with England3232150269875New York Still Using Wampum as Form of Money1701Rice and Molasses Added to Enumerated Goods List1704DetailsSome navel stores were added to the enumerated goods list at this time and more were added in 1729.Navel Stores Added to Enumerated Goods List1705DetailsDuring this time piracy was becoming a big issue in trying to ship goods. The Royal Navy decided to take action and by 1740 piracy was nearly eliminated which opened up the way for huge advances in shipping.Piracy a Big Issue for Commerce17182195195575945DetailsLaws were passed to allow the shipping of rice from the colonies to Ports south of Cape Finisterre Spain.Laws Passed to Allow Shipping of Rice to Spain1730Details.If the Molasses Act would have been enforced it would have caused huge disruptions in trade at this time. Molasses Act1733Colonies Incorporated Many Dutch Shipping Advances1760DetailsWhile pig and iron bar was now allowed into England duty free colonial manufacturing of all finished iron products was still strictly forbidden. Pig and Iron Bar Admitted into England's Duty Free17501763English Victorious over France in 7 Year War3347720105410DetailsA royal proclamation was made that set the borders of how far west the colonials were allowed to settle. It was set at the Allegheny Mountains. Boundaries were set to try and keep peace with the Native Indians, but the borders ere moved again in 1678.Royal Proclamation of Colonial Borders DetailsThis act curtailed Virginia's paper money issues and restricted it's use.Restraining Act1764DetailsAbout 10 years before the revolution iron output per worker increased nearly 50%Iron Production Increase1765DetailsThe Stamp Act was created specifically to create revenue for England. They were trying to recover from their long war with France. It made many colonist very angry and was one of the issues that started the road to the Revolution.Stamp ActDetailsThis act allowed for British soldiers to be housed in colonial homes. England was still supplying the colonies with military protection and felt it was only fair that they be housed in the colonies at the expense of the colonials. Many colonials unhappy with this.Quartering ActTownshend Duties Imposed1767DetailsThe top colonial exports between 1768 and 1772 included: Tobacco, rice, bread, fish, wheat, indigo, corn, pine board, staves and headings, and horses. This made up 77% of total Colonial Exports Include Tobacco, Rice, and Bread1768DetailsColonial Imports had declined to 1/3 of what it had been. Trying to boycott English shipping because of the new duties that had been imposed..Colonial Imports Declined 17691800Boston Massacre1770DetailsAll Townshend Duties repealed except the one on Tea.Townshend Duties Repealed1860730223654DetailsPermitted the English East India company to handle all tea sales and cut out all of the colonial middle men. Creating a great worry among the colonial merchants that the English had too much power. Tea Act1773Boston Tea Party1774DetailsChanged the boundaries of Quebec to the Ohio river in the east and the Mississippi river in the west.Quebec ActDetails.The Intolerable Acts : 1. Closed the port of Boston until they paid for the tea that was destroyed. 2. Permitted British officials to be tried outside of the colony that they committed the crime in. 3. Revised the Charter of Massachusetts. 4. Provided for quartering of troops in Boston. Intolerable ActsContinental Congress Provided Grievance ListDetailsAt this time the colonies did have wealth inequality. In the south the top 20 held 77% of wealth, the middle colonies top 20 held 70% of wealth, and in the north the top 20 held 66% of wealth.(according to Maine 1965). Along with this it is important to understand that at this time colonials had a higher standard of living then most people throughout the world today.Colonial Wealth Inequality31421769758161775April 19, Violence Broke Out1776Details.The 10 most populated cities; Boston, New York, Philadelphia and other port towns became the leading locations for trade and commerce. They are so readily accessible for all transportation modes.Most Populated Cities Become Leading Trade LocationsDetails.During the 100 years preceding the revolution the real cost of shipping was almost cut in half. Shipping was a strategic factor in the overall advances in the colonies. Some of the advances in shipping included smaller crews and shorter dock times. Cost of Shipping Almost in HalvedJuly 4, 1776 Independence DeclaredDetailsThe life expectancy in the United Kingdom and France was in the high 60’s, while in India and China it was 39 and 41, respectively, comparable to rates in other low-income, developing countries.Life Expectancy Around the WorldDetailsThe life expectancy of all age’s increases from the average life span being 49 years is increased to 70 years due to better diets, cleaner water, sewage disposal and other health-enhancing changes. The average height and weight are increased from a richer economy leading to healthier diets and proper nutrition that caused the growthGrowth in Life Expectancy1900DetailsThe people labeled poor in the United States had higher average incomes then the rest of the world but there was still a wide gap between the rich and the poor. In the U.S. the citizens still enjoyed incomes well above those of people residing in Europe and many multiples above those of people living elsewhere.Wealth InequalityDetailsThe United States was the most powerful nation in the world, enjoyed higher standards of living, and was a super power.United States a Super PowerDetailsThe real gross domestic product per capita increased from $4,091 to $9,561 in the USA leading the world.Real GDP Increase2176262407241903DetailsThe Wright brothers were responsible for the first successful motor-driven flight.Wright Brothers1908DetailsThe first automobile made its debut in 1908 which was the Ford model T.First AutomobileDetailsWorld War I started in 1914 and the U.S. actively fought for a total of 19 months.World War I191416090902889251939World War II20001941US Joins World War IIDetailsThe Cold War began in 1947 and was so named because the two major powers—each possessing nuclear weapons and thereby threatened with mutual assured destruction—never met in direct military combat.Cold War19471950DetailsDuring the years between 1900 and 1950 there were many new technological advances that greatly improved the standard of living in the US. Among these were the telephone, electricity, radio, the automobile, and refrigerators. Technological AdvancesDetailsThe use of consumer goods begins to rise and are obtainable to everyone not just the rich like the telephone, automobiles, electricity, stoves, refrigerators and clothes washers. Use of Consumer Goods Rise2627022340664DetailsAbout 302 million people living in the U.S. due to better life expectancy. A drastic change in the weight and height of the average American because of the economic growth and a richer economy led to better living standards and increased amounts of food.US Population and Economic GrowthWelfare Reform Act19961990Clean Air Act1971DetailsNixon tries to control the rate of inflation in his administration 1971 but the controls were completely lifted in early 1974 and the rate went up to 10% and rising.Nixon's Control19691957Soviet Union Launched SputnikNeil Armstrong - First Man On the Moon ................
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