World Report 2019 Book - Human Rights Watch

HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH

WORLD REPORT | 2019

EVENTS OF 2018

HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH

WORLD REPORT

2019

EVENTS OF 2018

Copyright ? 2019 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN-13: 978-1-60980-884-6 Cover photo: Anti-government protestors in Venezuela take to the streets for a candlelight vigil in honor of protesters killed in clashes with security forces. ? 2017 Associated Press Back cover photo: Immigrant children, many of whom have been separated from their parents under a new "zero tolerance" policy by the Trump administration, are being housed in tents next to the Mexican border in Tornillo, Texas, US, June 18, 2018. ? REUTERS/Mike Blake Cover and book design by Rafael Jim?nez



Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide.

We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice.

Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all.

Human Rights Watch began in 1978 with the founding of its Europe and Central Asia division (then known as Helsinki Watch). Today it also includes divisions covering Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, and the United States. There are thematic divisions or programs on arms; business and human rights; children's rights; disability rights; the environment and human rights; health and human rights; international justice; lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender rights; refugees; terrorism and counterterrorism; women's rights; and emergencies.

The organization maintains offices in Amman, Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Bishkek, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Hong Kong, Johannesburg, Kiev, Kinshasa, London, Los Angeles, Miami, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, S?o Paulo, Seoul, Silicon Valley, Stockholm, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich, and field presences in more than 50 other locations globally.

Human Rights Watch is an independent, nongovernmental organization, supported by contributions from private individuals and foundations worldwide. It accepts no government funds, directly or indirectly.

HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH

The staff includes Kenneth Roth, Executive Director; Michele Alexander, Deputy Executive Director, Development and Global Initiatives; Nic Dawes, Deputy Executive Director, Media; Iain Levine, Deputy Executive Director, Program; Chuck Lustig, Deputy Executive Director, Operations; Bruno Stagno Ugarte, Deputy Executive Director, Advocacy; Chris Albin-Lackey, Senior Legal Advisor; Walid Ayoub, Information Technology Director; Pierre Bairin, Media Director; Clive Baldwin, Senior Legal Advisor; Liba Beyer, Director, Global Campaigns; Laura Boardman, Managing Director, Development and Global Initiatives; Philippe Bolopion, Deputy Director for Global Advocacy; Grace Choi, Director, Publications and Information Design; Matthew Collins-Gibson, Managing Director, Leadership Gifts; Emma Daly, Communications Director; Alan Feldstein, Associate General Counsel; Barbara Guglielmo, Director of Finance; Jasmine Herlt, Managing Director, Development and Global Initiatives; Kristine Jensen, Senior Director, Foundations and Program Liaison; Miriam Mahlow, Managing Director, Development and Global Initiatives; Veronica Matushaj, Director, Documentary Video and Photography; Stephen Northfield, Digital Director; Babatunde Olugboji, Deputy Program Director; Dinah PoKempner, General Counsel; Tom Porteous, Deputy Program Director; Aisling Reidy, Senior Legal Advisor; James Ross, Legal and Policy Director; Joseph Saunders, Deputy Program Director; Frances Sinha, Global Human Resources Director; and Minky Worden, Director of Global Initiatives.

Division directors of Human Rights Watch are Brad Adams, Asia; John Biaggi, International Film Festival; Priyanka Motapathy, Emergencies (acting); Richard Dicker, International Justice; Bill Frelick, Refugees; Arvind Ganesan, Business and Human Rights; Liesl Gerntholtz, Women's Rights; Steve Goose, Arms; Nadim Houry, Terrorism and Counterterrorism; Diederik Lohman, Health and Human Rights; Zama Neff, Children's Rights; Marcos Orellana, Environment and Human Rights; Alison Parker, United States; Shantha Rau Barriga, Disability Rights; Graeme Reid, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Rights; Mausi Segun, Africa; Jos? Miguel Vivanco, Americas; Sarah Leah Whitson, Middle East and North Africa; and Hugh Williamson, Europe and Central Asia.

Advocacy directors of Human Rights Watch are Maria Laura Canineu, Brazil; Louis Charbonneau, United Nations?New York; Farida Deif, Canada; Kanae Doi, Japan; John Fisher, United Nations?Geneva; Meenakshi Ganguly, South Asia; B?n?dicte Jeannerod, Paris; Lotte Leicht, European Union; Sarah Margon, Washington DC; Ben Ward, UK (acting); Wenzel Michalski, Berlin; M?ns Molander, Stockholm; and Elaine Pearson, Australia.

Board of Directors members are Hassan Elmasry, Co-Chair; Robert Kissane, Co-Chair; Michael G. Fisch, Vice Chair and Treasurer; Oki Matsumoto, Vice Chair; Amy Rao, Vice Chair; Amy Towers, Vice Chair; Catherine Zennstr?m, Vice Chair; Bruce Rabb, Secretary; Akwasi Aidoo; Jorge Casta?eda; George Coelho; Natasha Dolby; Kimberly Marteau Emerson; Lawton Fitt; Leslie Gilbert-Lurie; Paul Gray; Caitlin Heising; Karen Herskovitz; Susan Kane; Betsy Karel; David Lakhdhir; Louisa Lee-Reizes; Alicia Mi?ana; Joan R. Platt, Neil Rimer; Shelley Rubin; Ambassador Robin Sanders; Sidney Sheinberg; Bruce Simpson; Joseph Skrzynski AO; Donna Slaight; Siri Stolt-Nielsen; Darian W. Swig; and Marie Warburg.

Emeritus Board Members are Joel Motley, Chair, 2013-2016; James F. Hoge, Jr., Chair, 2010-2013; Jane Olson, Chair 2004-2010; Jonathan F. Fanton, Chair, 1998-2003; Robert L. Bernstein, Founding Chair, 1979-1997; Lisa Anderson; David M. Brown; William D. Carmichael; Michael E. Gellert; Vartan Gregorian; Alice H. Henkin; Stephen L. Kass; Marina Pinto Kaufman; Wendy Keys; Bruce Klatsky; Joanne Leedom-Ackerman; Josh Mailman; Susan Manilow; Samuel K. Murumba; Peter Osnos; Kathleen Peratis; Sigrid Rausing; Victoria Riskin; Kevin Ryan; Orville Schell; Jean-Louis Servan-Schreiber; Gary Sick; Malcolm B. Smith; and John J. Studzinski.

WORLD REPORT 2019

This 29th annual World Report is dedicated to the memory of our beloved colleague David Mepham OBE, UK director, who died of cancer on October 21 at age 50. David was a superb advocate, combining a piercing intellect, an extraordinary eloquence, and a deep personal commitment to the human rights cause. Colleagues around the world recall the depth and scope of his knowledge, his willingness to go the extra mile, and his determination to challenge those in power--always with unfailing courtesy. Perhaps most of all, we miss his genuine warmth, evident in his deep love for his family, and his steadfast support of colleagues and friends.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents

Foreword

VIII

World's Autocrats Face Rising Resistance

1

by Kenneth Roth

COUNTRIES

15

Afghanistan ...................................................................................................17 Algeria ..........................................................................................................24 Angola ..........................................................................................................29 Argentina ......................................................................................................34 Armenia ........................................................................................................41 Australia .......................................................................................................46 Azerbaijan.....................................................................................................53 Bahrain .........................................................................................................59 Bangladesh...................................................................................................65 Belarus .........................................................................................................73 Bolivia ..........................................................................................................79 Bosnia and Herzegovina ................................................................................85 Brazil ............................................................................................................91 Burundi .......................................................................................................101 Cambodia ....................................................................................................107 Cameroon ....................................................................................................115 Canada .......................................................................................................120 Central African Republic ...............................................................................125 Chile ...........................................................................................................130 China...........................................................................................................135 Colombia .....................................................................................................151 C?te d'Ivoire ................................................................................................159 Cuba ...........................................................................................................164 Democratic Republic of Congo ......................................................................170 Ecuador .......................................................................................................175 Egypt...........................................................................................................184

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