ELECTION REPORT Kenya 2017 General and Presidential …

ELECTION REPORT

Kenya 2017 General and Presidential Elections

Final Report

Kenya 2017 General and Presidential Elections

Final Report

One Copenhill 453 Freedom Parkway Atlanta, GA 30307 (404) 420-5100

? 2018 by The Carter Center. All rights reserved.

Contents

Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Overview of Key Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Additional Findings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 The Carter Center's Election Observation Mission in Kenya. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Political Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Electoral System and Legal Framework . . . . . . . . . 13 Kenya's Legal Framework for Elections. . . . . . . . 13 2017 Election System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Late Changes to Legal Framework. . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Election Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Election Administration Structures. . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Transparency in Election Information. . . . . . . . . 19 Electoral Preparations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 The Kenya Integrated Election Management System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Preparations for the Oct. 26 Election. . . . . . . . . . 21 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Election Day, Tabulation, and Results Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Aug. 8 Election Day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Oct. 26 Election Day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Oct. 26 Election Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Information and Communication Technologies . 29 Technology in the 2017 Elections . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Voter Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 The Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission and Voter Education. . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Civil Society Organizations' Voter Education Efforts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Voter Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Kenya's Voter Registration System. . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Voter Registration 2017. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Voter Audit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Candidate Nominations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Kenyan Candidate Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Political Party Primary Elections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Candidate Integrity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Campaign Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Overall Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Campaign for Aug. 8 Elections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Campaign for Oct. 26 Election. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Violence Against Women and Children. . . . . . . 42 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Participation of Women, Youth, and People With Disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Women's Participation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Participation by Youth and People With Disabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Electoral Dispute Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Election Dispute Resolution Framework and Processes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Primaries and the Political Parties Dispute Tribunal Decision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 The Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission and Candidate Nomination Decisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Electoral Code of Conduct Enforcement Committee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Presidential Election Dispute Resolution . . . . . . . 50 Sept. 1 Ruling on Aug. 8 Presidential Election. . 50 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Civil Society and Citizen Observation . . . . . . . . . . 54 Kenya's Civil Society Organizations and the 2017 Elections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Restrictive Environment for Nongovernmental Organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Conclusion and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . 57 To the Parliament/Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 To the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 To the Political Parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Appendices A: Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 B: Terms and Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 C: Letter of Invitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 D: The Carter Center Delegation and Staff. . . . . 63 E: Deployment Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 F: Checklists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 G: Information and Communication Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 H: Women's Political Participation. . . . . . . . . . . 112 I: Carter Center Public Statements and Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

The Carter Center at a Glance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

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