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Name: FORMTEXT ?????Date: FORMTEXT ?????School: FORMTEXT ?????Facilitator: FORMTEXT ?????5.03 Notes Guide “The Administration”Answer the 5.03 Notes Guide as you review the lesson. Submit your completed work to the?5.03 Notes Guide Dropbox at the end of the lesson.Introduction: Analyze the photograph. Name at least one person you recognize in the photo?Who are the other people? What do you notice about their demeanor (relaxed, worried, serious, happy, etc.)?Why do you think they are meeting? FORMTEXT ?????Tab 1: EOPThe AdministrationWe have learned the President of the United States is very powerful and is consequently responsible for decisions every day that affect America’s future. So, how can one person handle all the responsibilities and pressures required by one position? In this lesson you will learn about the people who work within the executive branch to help the President plan and carry out laws, the FORMTEXT ?????. Every President has an administration made up of thousands of people who work in the White House, the Cabinet, and the Executive Office of the President to help them carryout the enormous job of President of the United States. Executive Office of the PresidentThe FORMTEXT ????? (EOP) was created by President Franklin Roosevelt in 1939 to provide support to the President needed to make the decisions to govern effectively. The EOP is the President’s right arm and is made up of several agencies responsible for a wide range of tasks. Offices of the EOP include: the White House, National Security Council, Office of Management and Budget, Council of Economic Advisors and several more. The White House OfficeThe President’s closest advisors and personal staff belong to the FORMTEXT ????? which is the core of the Executive Office of the President. The President appoints members of his staff in the White House Office and those appointments are not subject to Senate confirmation.The White House FORMTEXT ????? is the most powerful official in the White House Office. In addition to overseeing the EOP, the chief of staff manages the White House Office. The job varies in different administrations and ranges from primary adviser to the President to managing daily operations of the White House. The chief of staff basically runs the White House and decides who will see the President.White House StaffThere are several other official staffers close to the President who report to the chief of staff including the President’s personal secretary, counselor, senior advisors, and press secretary just to name a few. Many of the President’s top aides work behind the scenes to assist in vital areas such as foreign policy, defense, the economy, and political affairs. The press secretary has become an increasingly important position that is often in the public eye. The FORMTEXT ????? is responsible for handling relations with news reporters and mass media in general, including the Internet and social media. National Security TeamOne of the most important staff agencies of the EOP is the FORMTEXT ????? (NSC) which was created in 1947 to deal with our new rivals, the Soviet Union in the Cold War. The National Security Council meets at the President’s request to advise him on any matter, foreign, domestic, or military, that affects the nation’s security. The NSC is made up of the President, Vice President, Secretary of State, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, director of the CIA, and other top military, foreign affairs, and intelligence officials. The President chairs the NSC during their meetings in the Situation Room.Office of Management and BudgetAside from the White House Office, the largest and most influential executive office is the FORMTEXT ????? (OMB). The OMB’s main job is to prepare the FORMTEXT ????? and see that it is executed by the other agencies. The OMB monitors the spending of funds appropriated by Congress. In addition, the OMB works with the President to set policies concerning the management of finances for the government and the purchase of services and goods for the government as a whole. Developing a federal budget is a difficult and lengthy process involving several steps that begin more than a year before the fiscal year for the budget starts. After review hearings and revision by the OMB, the President’s budget document is sent to Congress.Council of Economic AdvisorsThe President also chooses three of the nation’s top economists to serve on the FORMTEXT ????? (CEA) to inform and advise him or her on the state of the nation’s economy and form economic policy. The three members of the CEA, which must be confirmed by the Senate, each have a staff that includes advisors and assistants. The CEA also assists the President in preparing the annual FORMTEXT ????? that is published and presented to Congress not long after the budget is submitted. Other Offices of the EOPIn addition to the White House Office, National Security Council, Office of Management and Budget, and Council Economic Advisors, there are several other agencies within the Executive Office of the President (EOP) that assist the President in carrying out his or her responsibilities including the:Council on Environmental QualityOffice of AdministrationNational Drug Control PolicyOffice of Science and Technology PolicyOffice of the United States Trade RepresentativeOffice of the Vice PresidentTab 2: CabinetThe President’s CabinetAnother vital part of a presidential administration is the formal collection of the President’s closest advisors, or FORMTEXT ?????. Today, members of the Cabinet include the Vice President and the heads or “secretaries” of each of the fifteen FORMTEXT ?????. Each department has specific areas of responsibility to control. The cabinet is not mentioned in the Constitution. However, Article II does state the President “may require the opinion of the principle officer in each of the executive departments.” The Constitution does not specify how many executive departments should be created. President George Washington had four executive department heads in his cabinet.Vice President of the United StatesThe Vice President is the only elected position, besides the President, within a presidential administration. The FORMTEXT ?????serves as a member of the cabinet in addition to three other duties specified in the Constitution:Becomes President if the President is unable to servePresides as President of the SenateOpens and Counts electoral votes in a Presidential electionToday the office of the Vice President is located close to the President’s office, also known as the FORMTEXT ?????, in the West Wing of the White House.Members of the CabinetIn addition to the Vice President, the cabinet consists of fifteen FORMTEXT ?????, or heads of each department, that are chosen by the President and must be approved by a majority vote in the Senate. Hearings are held to determine whether appointees will be confirmed.As leaders of their departments, cabinet secretaries have a great deal of power within their department. However, because the President does not have to accept their advice, secretaries have basically no power as members of the cabinet. The influence and power of the cabinet has varied throughout history depending upon how much a President relied on his or her cabinet for advice.Congress and Executive DepartmentsThe cabinet has increased in size over the years because Presidents have added executive departments. Executive departments are created through congressional action and are subject to Congressional oversight. Individual committees in Congress may subpoena Cabinet officials to aid in their investigations. The Executive Departments are also subject to some control by Congress. For example, Congress must approve appropriations or money to carry out programs the departments anization of Executive DepartmentsExecutive Departments are organized into a pyramidal structure with the Cabinet member as the top officer. Individual departments are often comprised of a vast array of organizations and agencies. Top Executive DepartmentsThe first three executive departments created by Congress, the departments of State, Treasury, and Defense, are still among the most important today. The FORMTEXT ????? advises the President on creating and carrying out a plan for foreign policy. The head of the department, the FORMTEXT ????? is the top ranking member of the Cabinet and is a member of the National Security Council. Department of TreasuryThe FORMTEXT ????? is responsible for recommending economic, tax, and fiscal policies and collecting, spending, and manufacturing the money that the U.S. requires. The FORMTEXT ????? (IRS) is just one of the many divisions of the Treasury Department. The Secretary of Treasury is a major policy advisor to the President and manager of the public debt. Department of DefenseThe FORMTEXT ????? (DOD), originally the Department of War, is responsible for overseeing the armed forces and providing the military forces necessary to prevent war and protect our country. The DOD is the largest executive department and carries out most of the President’s duties as Commander in Chief. The Secretary of Defense and other secretaries (army, navy, and air force) must be civilians. However, the FORMTEXT ?????, which advise the Secretary of Defense and President, consist of the top-ranking military officers from each of the armed services.Department of JusticeThe FORMTEXT ????? is the fourth oldest executive department and the nation’s largest law firm. It represents the citizens in enforcing the law. The FORMTEXT ????? (FBI) is one of the Justice Departments most well-known divisions. The Secretaries of State, Treasury, and Defense along with the Attorney General made up the original Cabinet and are considered the most important members due to the importance of their departments. The FORMTEXT ?????, head of the Department of Justice, is the only head of an executive department that is not referred to as Secretary.Other Executive DepartmentsIn addition to the top four departments, there are eleven other executive departments whose heads are members of the President’s Cabinet. Visit the links below to learn about the following executive departments:Department of the Interior (1849) Department of Agriculture (1862) Department of Commerce (1903) Department of Labor (1913) Department of Health and Human Services (1953) Department of Housing and Urban Development (1965) Department of Transportation (1966) Department of Energy (1977) Department of Education (1979) Department of Veterans Affairs (1988) Department of Homeland Security (2003) Submit your completed file to the?5.03 Notes Guide Dropbox. ................
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