Unit 6: Gilded Age Open Book Test (Part 1)



Unit 6: Gilded Age Open Reading Quiz (Indicators USHC 4.2 & 4.3)

Section 7.1 (The Rise of Big Business):

1.) What did the inventions of Samuel F.B. Morse and Alexander Graham Bell have in common?

A. They both allowed factories to stay open after sunset, thereby producing more goods for consumers.

B. They both served to revolutionize the automobile industry.

C. They both enabled individuals and businesses to communicate on a broader scale.

D. They both helped to make J.P. Morgan one of the richest men in US history.

2.) George Westinghouse and Thomas Edison are connected in which of the following ways?

A. Their inventions made it much easier for businesses to communicate on a broader scale.

B. They both made important strides in inventing ways to harness the power of electricity.

C. Edison invented the first telephone and Westinghouse later improved on his invention.

D. Edison discovered electricity and Westinghouse figured out a way for factories to use it.

3.) Which of the following was NOT a natural resource that proved important for US industrialization?

A. coal

B. iron ore

C. steel

D. oil

4.) Which of the following individuals would be addressed as a “robber baron”?

A. a southern politician in favor of industrialization

B. a union leader

C. a leader of industry

D. an industrialist worker demanding more consumer goods

5.) What is a trust?

A. A number of companies united into one system, which purpose is destroy competition & create monopolies.

B. An organization that sole purpose is to increase competition in the economic markets.

C. A collection of organizations that unite into a larger organization designed to spread wealth to the needy.

D. An organization designed to prevent the creation of monopolies in business.

6.) It was the nation’s first trust.

A. Vanderbilt’s New York Central Railroad

B. J.P. Morgan’s Bank

C. E.C. Knight’s sugar plantation

D. John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil.

7.) What is a monopoly?

A. A group of businesses that work together to provide consumers with the best prices.

B. An organization of businesses that attempt to provide a wide variety of products to the markets.

C. An old monocle wearing man determined to put as many hotels on Park Place & Boardwalk as possible.

D. A market in which there is only one supplier of a product & no market competition.

8.) “Robber barons”, such as John D. Rockefeller & Andrew Carnegie, used the concept of “vertical integration” to

become successful in their fields of industrial expertise. What was “vertical integration”?

A. A business practice that contracted out all of its operations to smaller businesses, which results in profits that are much lower than wanted.

B. A business strategy in which one corporation owns not only the company that produce the finished product, but also the companies that provide the materials necessary for production.

C. The belief that business should purchase all of their materials necessary for production from companies other than their own.

D. An ideology that you should build your corporation’s office buildings taller, so that your business looks more important.

9.) How did Rockefeller & Carnegie use “vertical integration” to their advantage?

A. Rather than pay other producers to supply the materials needed, Rockefeller & Carnegie made what they needed itself.

B. They bid out their supply needs to the lowest bidder, the allowing others to provide the supplies needed for production.

C. They spread their wealth out to several outside businesses, thus supporting the local community.

10.) What was Carnegie’s “Gospel of Wealth”?

A. The belief that the wealthy should put their money to good use serving others.

B. The concept that you should hoard as much money as possible because money = power.

C. The ideology that money should be devoted to upgrading your businesses so you can earn more money.

D. The unselfish value system that dictates you should give away every penny that you have.

11.) Which of the following men became rich & powerful as a finance capitalist who exerted influence over a number

of different types of businesses?

A. Andrew Carnegie

B. Buck Duke

C. J.D. Rockefeller

D. J.P. Morgan

12.) How did government protective tariffs aid America’s business leaders?

A. Tariffs taxed foreign imports & made it easier for US businesses to sell their products.

B. Tariffs provide a neutral standing between the US & Europe, which allowed for a balance of trade.

C. Tariffs taxed American exports leaving US ports, thus making American goods more desirable.

D. Tariffs allowed Americans to only buy US made products, and shut out all foreign made goods.

13.) A capitalist who believes in “Social Darwinism” would MOST DISAGREE with which one of the following?

A. laissez-faire economics

B. the idea that the strong should outlast the weak

C. the belief that business should be based on “survival of the fittest”

D. government policies designed to protect market competition

14.) “Social Darwinism” became the basis for laissez-faire capitalism. What was laissez-faire capitalism?

A. Government should directly intervene in the market & dictate the course of the economy.

B. Government should not interfere with the market or regulate businesses = let the market take its natural course.

C. Government should take a “half-in/half-out” ideology when directing the course of the economy.

D. Government should immediately end all tariffs to increase competition with foreign nations.

15.) What was meant when Mark Twain coined the period of American history from 1877 through the early 1900s as

the “Gilded Age”?

A. A period when the U.S. shined with the glory of manifest destiny & our dominance of the West.

B. An era when nothing could go wrong in America; the country was heading on the right track.

C. A time when it appeared a thin layer of prosperity was covering the poverty & corruption that existed in society.

D. A period when the U.S. experienced no social & political problems; the country “shined” like a golden sun.

16.) Which of the following statements BEST describes the “New South?”

A. It was a culture attempting to modernize and embrace industrialization.

B. It was a culture that abandoned agriculture to focus on business.

C. It became an economy dependent on steel as its primary industry.

D. Cotton ceased to be important as southerners focused on tobacco and iron-ore.

17.) What became a booming industry as cotton mills popped up throughout the Carolinas?

A. Tobacco

B. Iron Ore

C. Fertilizer

D. Textiles

18.) What was the purpose of the Interstate Commerce Act that President Cleveland signed into law in 1877?

A. It was designed to control the amount of truck traffic on America’s highways.

B. It was developed to regulate steamboat transportation on U.S. waterways.

C. It was created to regulate railroad rates for trains heading between states.

D. It was put in place to regulate trade between the U.S. & foreign countries.

19.) How was the 1895 Sherman Anti-Trust Act, signed into law by President Harrison, designed to ensure healthy market competition?

A. It encouraged the use of monopolies in the markets.

B. It made monopolies illegal.

C.) It created a business policy of sharing industrial secrets with the competition.

D.) It encouraged an atmosphere of distrust among businessmen.

20.) Why did people’s standard of living tend to rise during the second half of the 1800s?

A. Consumer goods (products) were more affordable & available than ever before.

B. People decided that they could buy overpriced houses on credit, & not pay off the loans.

C. Monopolies provided cheap & affordable products to consumers.

D. Tariffs lowered the price on foreign made goods, making them more affordable to U.S. consumers.

Section 7.3 (Urbanization)

21.) Between the late 1860s & the early 1900s, which of the following BEST describes the changes that occurred in

urban population of the large cities?

A. The number of African-Americans living in the inner city of Northern urban areas more than doubled.

B. Many farmers migrated to the cities, while foreign immigrants did not start to come until just after 1900.

C. Urban areas of the North became culturally diverse.

D. The US middle class declined as people tended to be either rich businessmen or poor laborers.

22.) Which of the following individuals would have been MOST likely to become a Nativist?

A.) an Italian immigrant who arrived in the US via Ellis Island

B. an Irish immigrant who did not want to compete for work against non-English speaking immigrants

C. a Protestant worker born in New York City

D. a Catholic priest born & raised in the United States

23.) Which of the following statements would be MOST supported by a Nativist?

A. “Since the US is supposed to be the land of the free and the country of opportunity, then let all those who desire freedom & a better life come to the United States.”

B. “Immigration is bad for this country. Immigrants take jobs that otherwise would go to those born here, and their ways pollute and corrupt our way of life. We need laws to prevent immigration.”

C. “Cultural diversity is a good thing. It is our differences and the way foreigners hold onto their traditional ways that make our nation great.”

D. “God bless the Irish, the German, & the Italian immigrant. Give ‘em a home here, I say. But blast the Chinese. Keep ‘em out by all means.”

24.) Anti-immigrant legislation passed by Congress included the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. What was the impact

of this act?

A.) It prohibited Chinese immigrants from settling only on the west coast of the United States.

B.) It excluded Chinese immigrants from the legal protections of due process under the law.

C.) It prevented Chinese immigrants from legally coming to the United States, and was not repealed until 1943.

D.) It declared that all Chinese citizens in the United States had to move back to their country of origin.

25.) Which of the following was NOT a negative effect of the common practice of using child labor in factories?

A.) working twelve hours a day and six days a week.

B.) increased educational opportunities at mill-run schools.

C.) being caught in the endless cycle of poverty.

D.) a missed childhood

26.) “The place smelled horrible. All those people forced to live together in such a confined place. Why, they were

practically sleeping on top of one another. It was two whole families from Ireland, plus a couple of young men

that weren’t related to either one. Each one of ‘em – women and children included – work in the factories by day and return to that mouse hole to eat and sleep.”

The above quote is MOST likely talking about what?

A.) the appearance of an urban slum

B. life in a tenement

C. conditions in a sweatshop

D. aftermath of an industrial accident

27.) One of the most notorious political bosses associated with the “political machines” of New York City was:

A.) Eugene V. Debs

B.) Andrew Carnegie

C.) William Tweed

D.) Cornelius Vanderbilt

Section 7.4 (The Rise of Labor Unions)

28.) Which of the following did NOT contribute to the rise of labor unions?

A. increased numbers of workers in urban areas.

B. child labor

C. dangerous conditions in factories

D. government policies giving more power to the workers

29.) Which of the following methods would be embraced by a union leader?

A. yellow-dog contracts

B. collective bargaining

C. lock outs

D. laissez-faire economics

30.) What man was one of the most influential leaders in the union movement, organized the American Railway Union

in 1893, & led the Pullman Strike of 1894?

A. Samuel Gompers

B. Henry Frick

C. Eugene Debs

D. Cornelius Vanderbilt

31.) The government’s role in early labor disputes can best be described as what?

A. supportive of business out of concern that strikes could adversely affect the nation

B. supportive of workers out of concern that business owners were failing to protect civil rights

C. restrained, choosing to let labor and business owners work out their own solutions

D. disinterested, because labor disputes were a matter of private enterprise

32.) What role did the federal government & the courts play in early labor disputes?

A. They favored businesses by issuing court ordered injunctions to end strikes & sent in troops to put down protests.

B. The government took a stand-back approach and let the strikes play-out on their own.

C. The government had a laissez-faire stance towards the actions of both protesters and businesses.

D. They used and “iron fist”, crushed the abuses by big business, & became a champion for the common man.

33.) Which of the following is NOT associated with labor disputes of the late 1800s?

A. the Haymarket Riot in Chicago

B. the leadership of Eugene Debs

C. vaudeville shows

D. injunctions

34.) How did the public often perceive unions as the result of events like the Haymarket Riot & the Homestead

Strike?

A. The unions were viewed as champions of the common man.

B. The unions were viewed as persecuted and victims of harsh treatment by employers.

C. The unions were viewed as promoting violence and anarchy.

D. The unions were viewed as being treated unfairly by the government.

35.) What precedent did the 1894 Pullman Strike establish?

A. Military troops crushing all labor resistance

B. Federal government cooperation solely with laborers

C. Factory owners appealing to courts to end strikes

D. Citizens pushing for legal abolishment of labor unions

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