HIST 282/JWST 234: History of the Jewish People I



HIST 282/JWST 234: History of the Jewish People I

Midterm Review

1. Some Dates

BCE

Biblical/“First Temple” Period

ca1200 Merneptah Stele: First attestation of “Israel” outside Bible

ca 1000 Traditional date for kingdom of David

922 Death of Solomon (David’s son), split into two kingdoms: Israel (northern areas) and Judah (southern areas)

722 Defeat of northern kingdom (Israel) by the Assyrians

586 Destruction of Jerusalem Temple by the Babylonians (according to Jeremiah and 2 Kings expulsions of Judaeans begins in 597)

“Second Temple” Period

539? Proclamation of Cyrus, King of Persia, after his conquest of Babylonia

ca 515 Temple rebuilt

458? Ezra

445 Nehemiah (by ca 400 Bagoas is governor)

We know very little about this period between Nehemiah and Alexander

336–23 CampaignsAlexander the great [Defeat of Darius at Issus 333]

323–c200 Palestine under Ptolemaic (Egyptian) rule

c200–142 Palestine under Seleucid (Syrian) rule

ca. 170 “Reform” attempt in Jerusalem

167 Hasmonean (Maccabean) revolt

164 Rededication of the Temple

152 Jonathan: First Hasmonaean High Priest

142 Expulsion of Seleucid garrison by Simon; “independence” of Judaea

104/3? Aristoboulos I (Acc to Josephus:) first to take the title King

103–76 Alexander Jannaeus (Yannai); succeeded by wife, Salome

67 Death of Salome; dispute between sons Hyrcanus and Aristobulus; both appeal to Roman support

63 Arrival of Pompey

37 Herod allowed by the Senate to become King of Judaea (if he can help fight off the invading Persians)

4 Death of Herod. His territories divided between his sons.

CE

44 All of Herod’s kingdom under direct Roman Rule [Eastern Galilee and the Golan and parts further east assigned to Agrippa II in ca. 53 CE who dies end of century]

66–70 Revolt of Judaea against Rome; Temple destroyed 70; fall of Massada 74.

115–117 Revolts in Diaspora: Egypt, Cyrene, Cyprus

132–135 Revolt in Judaea by Simeon bar Kosiba (Bar Kokhba, “son of a star”)

2. Some important terms, persons, events

Antiochus IV

Assyrians

Babylonians

Bar Kokhba (Bar Kosiba)

Canonization

Claudius

Cyprus

Cyrene

Cyrus

Daniel

David

Dead Sea Scrolls/Qumran

Diaspora

Documentary Hypothesis

(J, E, D, P)

Essenes

Ezra

Hasmonaeans

Hellenization

Herod

Inner-Biblical commentary

Israel

Jason

Jeremiah

Jeremiah

Jeroboam

Jerusalem

Josephus

Judah/Judea/Jew

Kuntillet Ajrud

Maccabee (esp. Judah)

Menelaus

Nehemiah

Onias (Oniads)

Pesher

Pharisees

Philo

Ptolemies

Rehoboam

Religion of the Bible:

Calendar, Purity, Temple

vs. Religion of Israel?

Revolts (against Seleucids, against Romans; Palestine and Diaspora)

Romans

Saducees

Saul

Sectarianism

Seleucids

Sicarii

Solomon

TaNaKh (and components)

Temple

Torah

Zealots

Zerubbabel

HIST282/JWST234

Course Study Guide: Part II of Course, Late Antique and Medieval

Some Dates (all CE)

66–70 Judaean revolt against Rome (final operations, e.g., Masada, extend to ca. 74)

115–117 Revolt of Jews in Egypt, Cyrene, Cyprus; and Jewish anti-Roman violence in Mesopotamia in response to Roman invasian.

132–135 Bar Kokhba (Bar Kosiba) revolt in Palestine

ca. 200 Mishnah

224–642 Sasanian Empire

304–337 Constantine, Roman emperor. Milvian Bridge 312; conquest of the eastern (and consequently entire) Empire 324

ca. 400(?) Palestinian Talmud

354–430 St. Augustine—important for articulating the place of Jews in Christian society

5th–7th Palestinian “aggadic” texts

6th–7th? Babylonian Talmud

527–565 Justinian emperor of Eastern (but expanded) empire.

571–632 Muhammad. Hijra 622.

632– Islamic conquests in Roman and Persian empires (Jerusalem, 637)

660–750 Umayyad Caliphate

749–1258 Abbasid Caliphate

756–1031 Umayyad Caliphate in Spain

7th–1035 “Period of Geonim” (1035 is the date of the death of Hai Gaon)

1095 First crusade called. Violence against Jews, 1096

1215 Fourth Lateran Council

1242 Burning of Talmud

1290 Expulsion of Jews from England

1297, 1306 Expulsion of Jews from France

1348–49 Black Death

1492 Expusion of Jews from Spain

1497 Expulsion of Jews from Portugal

Some Terms, Concepts, and Persons

NB: NOT EXCLUSIVE

Aggadah

Amoraim/Amoraic

Babylonia/Palestine

Baghdad

Baraita

Bar Kokhba/Kosiba

Blood Libel

Burning of Talmud

Charters

Constantine

Conversos

Crusades

Deuterosis

Dhimmi

Doctrine of Witness (Augustine)

Exilarch/Resh Galuta

Gaon

Hadith

Halachah

Haside Ashkenaz (German Pietists)

Host Desecration

Imperial Roman legislation

Jesus

Judah the Patriarch (nasi)

Khalifa (Caliph)

Karaites

IV Lateran Council

Liturgy:

Shema‘

‘Amidah

Maimonides

Code of Law

Guide to the Perplexed

Maimonidean controversy

Martyrdom (Jewish)

Midrash

Masada

Mishnah

Moneylending

Moses de Leon

Nagid

Pact of ‘Umar

Paul (the Apostle)

Patriarch (Nasi’)

Piyyut

Philosophy (Jewish)

Qabbalah

Qur’an

Rabbis

Rabbanites

Rashi

Roman empire

Saadiah Gaon

Samuel ibn Naghrela the nagid (and Joseph, his son, d. 1066)

Sasanian empire

Sepharad/Ashkenaz

Servi camerae

Sicarii/Zealots

Sura/Pumbeditah

Synagogue

Talmud

Tannaim/Tannaitic

Tosafot

Tosefta

Trade

Yiddish

Zohar

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