Population, by nativity and citizenship status: 1960-2018

Population, by nativity and citizenship status: 1960-2018

Universe: 1960-2018 resident population

U.S. born

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

169,563,585

193,301,033

212,782,940

228,425,624

250,288,425

269,432,814

282,406,817

2018

9,729,147

9,744,833

14,079,460

19,682,004

31,133,481

39,916,875

44,760,622

Citizen

N/A

6,205,800

7,095,720

7,962,082

12,533,932

17,456,312

22,679,525

Non-citizen

N/A

3,539,033

6,983,740

11,719,922

18,599,549

22,460,563

22,081,097

179,292,732

203,045,867

226,862,400

248,107,628

281,421,906

309,349,689

327,167,439

Foreign born

Total

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

U.S. born

94.6 %

95.2 %

93.8 %

92.1 %

88.9 %

87.1 %

86.3 %

Foreign born

5.4

4.8

6.2

7.9

11.1

12.9

13.7

Citizen

N/A

3.1

3.1

3.2

4.5

5.6

6.9

Non-citizen

N/A

1.7

3.1

4.7

6.6

7.3

6.7

100.0 %

100.0 %

100.0 %

100.0 %

100.0 %

100.0 %

100.0 %

All

Note: Data not available for citizenship status in 1960.

Source: Pew Research Center tabulations of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000 censuses and 2010 and 2017 American Community Surveys (IPUMS). Total foreign-born population

estimates for 1960-2000 shown here may differ from other reported estimates since they are based on IPUMS data files (1% samples in 1960 and 1970 and 5% samples in 1980,

1990 and 2000) and are not based on U.S. Census Bureau population estimates.

"Statistical Portrait of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States, 1960-2018"

PEW RESEARCH CENTER

Foreign born, by region of birth: 1960-2018

Universe: 1960-2018 foreign-born resident population

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2018

Mexico

582,603

789,533

2,192,560

4,262,900

9,163,463

11,746,539

11,182,111

East and Southeast Asia

354,370

602,300

1,896,680

3,756,307

5,872,477

7,567,622

8,648,528

***

***

31,900

***

36,888

86,876

131,854

12,747

56,033

258,920

606,531

1,428,634

2,417,059

3,668,982

Central Asia

South Asia

33,585

43,033

81,300

102,540

167,291

154,637

246,371

7,205,220

5,693,200

5,099,840

4,344,216

5,005,456

4,917,429

4,848,270

Canada and Other North America

967,705

918,633

853,200

748,567

828,735

793,899

827,093

Caribbean

192,764

682,867

1,264,520

1,925,922

2,954,820

3,730,817

4,463,891

Central America

53,893

116,467

352,540

1,124,384

2,029,383

3,007,288

3,590,330

South America

88,889

257,833

567,820

1,034,319

1,920,007

2,739,594

3,304,380

154,985

204,600

466,880

705,816

1,021,394

1,384,335

1,784,898

11,358

27,767

129,760

265,401

704,933

1,307,588

2,032,470

9,729,147

9,744,833

14,079,460

19,682,004

31,133,481

39,916,875

44,760,622

Mexico

6.0 %

8.1 %

15.6 %

21.7 %

29.4 %

29.4 %

25.0 %

East and Southeast Asia

3.6

6.2

13.5

19.1

18.9

19.0

19.3

Central Asia

***

***

0.2

***

0.1

0.2

0.3

South Asia

0.1

0.6

1.8

3.1

4.6

6.1

8.2

Oceania

0.3

0.4

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.6

Europe

74.1

58.4

36.2

22.1

16.1

12.3

10.8

Canada and Other North America

9.9

9.4

6.1

3.8

2.7

2.0

1.8

Caribbean

2.0

7.0

9.0

9.8

9.5

9.3

10.0

Central America

0.6

1.2

2.5

5.7

6.5

7.5

8.0

South America

0.9

2.6

4.0

5.3

6.2

6.9

7.4

Middle East-North Africa

1.6

2.1

3.3

3.6

3.3

3.5

4.0

Sub-Saharan Africa

0.1

0.3

0.9

1.3

2.3

3.3

4.5

100.0 %

100.0 %

100.0 %

100.0 %

100.0 %

100.0 %

100.0 %

Oceania

Europe

Middle East-North Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Total

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

All

Note: The symbol *** indicates insufficient number of observations to provide a reliable estimate. See "Countries by regional classification" for details on our regional

Source: Pew Research Center tabulations of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000 censuses and 2010 and 2018 American Community Surveys (IPUMS).

"Statistical Portrait of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States, 1960-2018"

PEW RESEARCH CENTER

Country of birth: 1960-2018

Universe: 1960-2018 foreign-born resident population (Countries are listed in descending order of the size of the foreign-born population in each year.)

1960

1970

1980

Italy

1,255,096

12.9 %

Italy

957,433

9.8 %

Mexico

Germany

1,003,302

10.3

Canada

918,633

9.4

Germany

844,280

6.0

Canada

967,705

9.9

Germany

875,167

9.0

Canada

843,720

6.0

Poland

732,060

7.5

Mexico

789,533

8.1

Italy

828,000

5.9

Russia

609,720

6.3

Poland

514,967

5.3

Cuba

616,160

4.4

Mexico

582,603

6.0

England

492,500

5.1

Philippines

510,900

3.6

England

506,791

5.2

Cuba

451,067

4.6

China

443,740

3.2

Ireland

341,098

3.5

Russia

382,867

3.9

England

440,960

3.1

Austria

296,029

3.0

Ireland

239,067

2.5

Poland

418,920

3.0

Hungary

244,980

2.5

Austria

218,333

2.2

USSR/Russia, other

297,100

2.1

All other

3,189,763

32.8

All other

3,905,267

40.1

Total

9,729,147

100.0 %

Total

9,744,833

100.0 %

4,262,900

21.7 %

Mexico

9,163,463

29.4 %

1990

Mexico

2000

2,192,560

All other

Total

15.6 %

6,643,120

47.2

14,079,460

100.0 %

2010

Mexico

11,746,539

29.4 %

China

927,661

4.7

China

1,523,893

4.9

China

2,167,849

5.4

Philippines

914,419

4.6

Philippines

1,374,213

4.4

India

1,796,467

4.5

Canada

739,572

3.8

India

1,027,144

3.3

Philippines

1,766,501

4.4

Cuba

737,934

3.7

Vietnam

991,995

3.2

Vietnam

1,243,785

3.1

Germany

714,263

3.6

Cuba

870,203

2.8

El Salvador

1,207,128

3.0

Italy

572,623

2.9

Canada

820,713

2.6

Cuba

1,112,064

2.8

Vietnam

538,604

2.7

El Salvador

815,570

2.6

Korea

1,086,945

2.7

Korea

476,196

2.4

Korea

724,948

2.3

Dominican Republic

879,884

2.2

El Salvador

465,289

2.4

Germany

705,110

2.3

Guatemala

797,262

2.0

All other

13,116,229

42.1

Total

31,133,481

100.0 %

All other

9,332,543

47.4

19,682,004

100.0 %

Mexico

11,182,111

25.0 %

China

2,861,725

6.4

India

2,634,871

5.9

Philippines

2,008,074

4.5

El Salvador

1,420,399

3.2

Cuba

1,340,670

3.0

Vietnam

1,322,684

3.0

Dominican Republic

1,174,729

2.6

Korea

1,057,487

2.4

Guatemala

1,003,841

2.2

Total

All other

16,112,451

40.4

Total

39,916,875

100.0 %

2018

All other

18,754,031

41.9

Total

44,760,622

100.0 %

Note: China includes Taiwan, Hong Kong, Mongolia and Macau.

Source: Pew Research Center tabulations of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000 censuses and 2010, and 2018 American Community Surveys (IPUMS).

"Statistical Portrait of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States, 1960-2018"

PEW RESEARCH CENTER

Foreign born, by region of birth and years in the U.S.: 1970-2018

Universe: 1970-2018 foreign-born resident population

0 TO 5 YEARS

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2018

Mexico

187,633

729,500

1,257,281

2,617,913

1,691,624

928,523

East and Southeast Asia

233,967

891,080

1,135,382

1,211,141

1,446,241

1,500,243

***

8,000

***

15,148

25,669

38,881

36,500

118,520

206,909

508,874

657,272

1,148,791

Central Asia

South Asia

Oceania

16,467

30,680

30,868

51,552

40,464

61,091

Europe

527,400

460,940

533,717

981,392

605,743

657,376

Canada and Other North America

111,167

86,420

78,564

160,324

132,817

151,646

Caribbean

308,567

234,960

357,324

512,564

574,943

768,542

Central America

42,167

132,640

415,920

467,391

593,720

657,604

South America

119,800

186,700

307,377

555,433

450,550

706,779

Middle East-North Africa

65,400

228,440

205,010

241,370

334,066

432,957

Sub-Saharan Africa

13,667

63,160

92,453

281,087

367,539

547,733

1,713,101

3,362,860

4,848,170

7,604,189

6,933,837

7,604,617

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2018

Mexico

143,867

540,340

865,115

1,835,499

2,358,453

775,875

East and Southeast Asia

101,833

416,340

994,263

1,150,252

1,003,077

946,080

***

3,500

***

17,585

18,652

21,083

9,667

85,500

157,095

287,689

488,259

589,390

Total

6 TO 10 YEARS

Central Asia

South Asia

Oceania

Europe

Canada and Other North America

Caribbean

4,467

13,420

15,491

24,693

26,340

28,265

413,667

365,500

314,895

675,300

606,563

358,714

97,733

44,800

49,088

86,928

85,565

67,457

208,100

300,660

424,011

489,426

551,287

576,927

Central America

28,467

83,280

345,420

396,173

592,719

367,185

South America

66,133

134,260

231,141

337,888

662,461

292,896

Middle East-North Africa

30,233

79,240

137,944

160,039

200,380

276,164

4,167

28,700

78,860

136,700

320,167

379,302

1,139,734

2,217,020

3,775,577

5,598,172

6,923,655

4,682,422

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2018

115,133

282,880

761,927

1,566,014

2,016,998

1,485,420

72,967

233,980

698,554

960,206

920,905

926,337

***

3,040

***

1,898

19,114

20,612

3,633

34,400

100,081

218,702

439,476

446,589

Sub-Saharan Africa

Total

11 TO 15 YEARS

Mexico

East and Southeast Asia

Central Asia

South Asia

Oceania

Europe

3,767

9,440

15,918

19,824

18,578

32,969

548,367

468,480

310,869

409,598

671,243

414,540

Canada and Other North America

83,433

77,120

47,974

53,240

88,464

62,946

Caribbean

56,300

353,300

209,076

428,311

457,197

470,081

Central America

16,033

54,300

142,436

447,611

420,449

559,321

South America

26,000

116,120

134,600

307,392

407,112

366,750

Middle East-North Africa

22,600

51,780

162,406

160,363

173,159

183,893

1,800

11,180

44,052

95,791

235,094

330,441

974,800

1,803,360

2,736,179

4,668,950

5,879,450

5,303,157

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2018

Mexico

69,100

196,220

566,249

997,235

1,591,249

2,238,925

East and Southeast Asia

36,667

117,660

404,384

980,714

1,068,177

941,610

***

2,940

***

837

19,403

17,039

1,033

10,620

86,567

170,226

263,103

470,990

Sub-Saharan Africa

Total

16 TO 20 YEARS

Central Asia

South Asia

Oceania

Europe

2,233

5,220

11,421

18,344

12,255

34,158

518,567

444,320

313,548

305,249

549,183

634,284

Canada and Other North America

79,167

94,460

41,598

50,023

70,606

87,060

Caribbean

26,533

227,520

281,178

442,504

450,877

479,039

Central America

8,067

33,660

87,656

346,005

371,602

537,020

South America

11,600

71,080

130,301

233,452

298,296

626,399

Middle East-North Africa

10,500

30,100

72,992

127,281

128,438

205,151

1,367

7,140

27,737

85,233

113,648

303,174

786,567

1,321,840

2,108,293

3,757,103

4,947,241

6,578,203

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2018

Mexico

240,033

443,620

812,328

2,146,802

4,088,215

5,753,368

East and Southeast Asia

130,700

237,620

523,724

1,570,164

3,129,222

4,334,258

***

14,420

***

1,420

4,038

34,239

2,533

9,880

55,879

243,143

568,949

1,013,222

Sub-Saharan Africa

Total

OVER 20 YEARS

Central Asia

South Asia

Oceania

Europe

13,533

22,540

28,842

52,878

57,000

89,888

3,532,567

3,360,600

2,871,187

2,633,917

2,484,697

2,783,356

Canada and Other North America

503,100

550,400

531,343

478,220

416,447

457,984

Caribbean

63,867

148,080

654,333

1,082,015

1,696,513

2,169,302

Central America

14,100

48,660

132,952

372,203

1,028,798

1,469,200

South America

24,100

59,660

230,900

485,842

921,175

1,311,556

Middle East-North Africa

65,133

77,320

127,464

332,341

548,292

686,733

3,833

19,580

22,299

106,122

271,140

471,820

4,708,166

5,374,380

6,213,785

9,505,067

15,232,692

20,592,223

Sub-Saharan Africa

Total

Note: The symbol *** indicates insufficient number of observations to provide a reliable estimate. See "Countries by regional classification" for details on our regional grouping of

countries. Data not available prior to 1970. Data for 1970 do not include those born in U.S. outlying areas.

Source: Pew Research Center tabulations of 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000 censuses and 2010 and 2018 American Community Surveys (IPUMS).

"Statistical Portrait of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States, 1960-2018"

PEW RESEARCH CENTER

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