LiveGeography



|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|ECONOMIC CHANGE |Primary Industry - Industries involving the collecting and creation|

| |of raw materials (e.g. fishing / farming / mining and quarrying) |

|Define the following key terms: | |

|Primary Industry |Secondary Industry - Industries involving the manufacturing (making)|

|Secondary Industry |of finished goods (e.g. a car factory) |

|Tertiary Industry | |

|Quaternary Industry |Tertiary Industry - Industries involving the provision of a service |

| |(e.g. sales assistant) |

| | |

| |Quaternary Industry - Industries involving research and development |

| |and hi-technology |

| | |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|ECONOMIC CHANGE |Pre-industrial – LIC - This is when most employment is in the |

| |primary industry. (E) Poor; less urbanised; limited access to |

| |education = jobs in farming & mining e.g. Mali |

|Describe and explain (E) the changes in employment structure as a | |

|country develops |Industrial – MIC - secondary and tertiary industries increased |

| |during this time with secondary industry reaching its peak. (E) |

| |Increasingly urbanised – ‘Bright Lights’ of the city = improved |

| |access to education = jobs in manufacturing e.g. China |

| | |

| |Post-industrial –HIC - By now both primary and secondary have |

| |decreased and the greatest employment is in the tertiary sector. (E)|

| |Highly urbanised and (university) educated = jobs in research and |

| |development = wealthy e.g. UK |

| | |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|ECONOMIC CHANGE |- Depletion of raw materials (e.g. coal supplies are inaccessible/ |

| |difficult and costly to mine) |

| |- Social changes – jobs in the primary sectors are seen as ‘dirty’ |

|Give 4 reasons for the decline in the primary industry in the UK |and physically challenging with few career prospects |

| |- Mechanisation – increased use of machine – so a reduction in those|

| |employed in the primary sector. |

| | |

| |- Cheap imports – UK coal expensive as deep underground – import |

| |from Russia |

| | |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|ECONOMIC CHANGE | |

| |- It depends if the country’s economy is based on primary industry. |

| |This may be farming, fishing or mining. The government will value |

|Why do government attitudes towards the value of primary industry |the industry because it is their main source of income e.g. oil |

|differ? |(Saudi Arabia) |

| | |

| |- In many High Income Countries in the western world primary |

| |industries such as farming are of value to feed their populations |

| |but the main sector of industry is tertiary e.g. banking (UK) |

| | |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|ECONOMIC CHANGE |- Mechanisation – more robots, less workers e.g. Honda factory |

| |(Swindon) robots now paint cars on production line |

| |- Globalisation – companies & economies are linked - modern |

| |communications (internet) allows the company owner (in HIC) to |

|Give 3 reasons for the decline in secondary industry in the UK |produce goods cheaply in MIC as transporting goods is now fast & |

| |efficient … also link with … |

| |- Lower production costs abroad in LICs & MICs - cheap labour & |

| |fewer environmental regulations for waste disposal e.g. China train |

| |600,000 engineers a year and have fewer labour & environmental laws |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|ECONOMIC CHANGE |- In HICs the secondary sector has declined and much of the |

| |manufacturing is now done abroad in MICs, whereas in countries such |

| |as China the government is trying to encourage the growth of |

|Why do government attitudes towards the value of secondary industry |secondary industry. |

|differ? | |

| |- The UK government now concentrates on the development of tertiary |

| |industry as it sees this as a more valuable sector of industry e.g. |

| |banking (Canary Wharf, London) and research & development |

| |(Cambridge Science Park) |

| | |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|ECONOMIC CHANGE | |

| |1. Raw materials – great wealth of natural resources e.g. coal, oil,|

|Give 2 physical reasons for the growth of the secondary sector in |natural gas |

|China |2. Beneficial geographical location – long coastline with major |

| |ports on trade routes - developing markets all around it – e.g. |

| |South Korea, Taiwan |

| | |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|ECONOMIC CHANGE |1.Workforce – plentiful supply of workers (and many moving |

| |rural-urban – over 500,000 in next 20 years) |

|Give 4 human reasons for the growth of the secondary sector in China|2. Government policy changed – no longer laws stopping investment in|

| |China |

| |3. Education – rapid rise in literacy levels – now 90% |

| |4. Private Enterprise – most manufacturing used to be owned by the |

| |government, now 20% are privately owned |

| |5. Energy – new nuclear and hydro-electric (e.g. Three Gorges Dam) |

| |power stations |

| | |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|ECONOMIC CHANGE |Positive: |

| |ernment spent $172 billion on protecting the environment |

|Give 1 positive and 3 negative environmental effects of rapid growth| |

|in the secondary sector in China (place specific) |Negative: |

| |1. 16 of the world’s most polluted cities in China |

| |2. 760,000 deaths recorded a year from air and water pollution |

| |3. 80% of Chinas rivers below standard for fishing |

| | |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|ECONOMIC CHANGE | |

| |Positive: |

|Give 2 positive and 2 negative economic effects of rapid growth in |1.People in urban areas have jobs and higher standard of living |

|the secondary sector in China (place specific) |2. Chinese economy has seen huge growth over last 20 years (2nd |

| |richest country (GDP) in the world) |

| | |

| |Negative: |

| |1.Widening gap between rich and poor |

| |2.Poorly paid – many workers receive just 40p per hour |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|ECONOMIC CHANGE | |

| |Positive: |

|Give 2 positive and 2 negative social effects of rapid growth in the|1.New affordable homes in urban areas for workers (4.7 million |

|secondary sector in China (place specific) |planned) |

| |2.People moving out of shanty towns e.g. in Beijing |

| | |

| |Negative: |

| |1.Working long hours in hazardous conditions |

| |2.Rural-urban migration leaving lack of young, strong workers in |

| |rural areas (needed for farming) |

| | |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|ECONOMIC CHANGE | |

| |Disposable income – money left over each month from wages after all |

|Define the following key terms: |essentials have been paid for. |

|Disposable income | |

|New technologies |New technologies – e.g. invention of the internet and mobile phones.|

|Call centres | |

|Ageing population |Call centres – offices where people answer phones to deal with |

|Grey pound |complaints or to take orders for goods. |

| | |

| |Ageing population – a large number of people in the population over |

| |the age of 50. |

| | |

| |Grey pound – money spent by retired people in the UK. |

| | |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|ECONOMIC CHANGE |1. Rise in demand of services linked to disposable income - more |

| |money to spend on non-essential items (doubled between 1987-2006). |

|Explain 4 reasons for the growth of the tertiary sector in the UK |In 2012, 6 million members of fitness clubs. |

|since 1970. |2.The development of new technologies – many shops now sell mobile |

|(include place specific examples) |phones / lap tops / games consoles; online shopping (e.g. Amazon) & |

| |banking; growth of call centres (950,000 employees – 2008). |

|Exam tip: Know all as you can be tested on any one of these |3. Decrease in employment in the primary and secondary industry – |

| |mechanisation replacing people |

| |4.Demographic Changes – later marriages (ave age 32) & couples |

| |having fewer children . Ageing population = ‘grey pound’ spending |

| |money on gardening, holidays & grandchildren |

| | |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|ECONOMIC CHANGE | |

| |Accessibility, |

| | |

|Name 3 factors affecting location of Industry |Power Supply |

| | |

| |Labour Supply |

| | |

| |Government Incentives |

| | |

| |Distance to market |

| | |

| | |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|ECONOMIC CHANGE | |

| |- Some tertiary sectors like the retail sector have seen a change in|

|With the use of an example outline how the factors affecting the |factors affecting the location. |

|location of industry can change over time. |- With the growth of (i) out-of-town shopping centres and (ii) |

| |online shopping there has been an increasing movement away from city|

| |centre locations to locations on the rural-urban fringe with more |

| |space and better accessibility e.g. Fosse Park, Leicester. |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|ECONOMIC CHANGE | |

| |Primary Industry – China Clay Industry, St. Austell, Cornwall |

|Name your examples of the location of a (i) primary (ii) secondary | |

|and (iii) tertiary industry you have studied in the UK |Secondary Industry – Toyota Car Factory, Burnaston, Derby |

| | |

| |Tertiary Industry – David Lloyd Health Club, Hatfield |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|ECONOMIC CHANGE |1.Location of raw materials – Kaolin (China clay) is only found in |

| |SW UK. |

|Location of Primary Industry: |2.Transport – 19th Century - moved by train to Par (S. Cornwall |

|Give 3 reasons for the location of the China Clay Industry (St. |coast) – moved to Liverpool by ship – moved to Winsford, Cheshire by|

|Austell, Cornwall) |barge – moved by pack horse to Stoke-on-Trent (Wedgewood factory) |

| |3.Market – demand for Wedgewood porcelain meant 65,000 tonnes of |

| |Kaolin was mined in 1860. |

| | |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|ECONOMIC CHANGE |- Tradition - car manufacturing in area = skilled workers - Large |

| |pool of unemployed workers wanting jobs (as hundreds of recent job |

| |losses at Rolls Royce in Derby |

| |- Transport – excellent – near junctions for A50 & A38. |

|Location of Secondary Industry: |- Govt incentives encouraged the company – Derbyshire County Council|

|Give 4 factors that have led to the location of the Toyota car plant|offered to buy a £20 million stake in the company and improve |

|(Burnaston, nr. Derby) |infrastructure |

| |- Land - Edge of the city, Greenfield site and large flat area with |

| |room for expansion (280 hec) |

| |- Area – close to Peak District and villages such as Findern = |

| |attractive for managerial workers |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|ECONOMIC CHANGE |- Transport / accessibility - Close to junctions 3 and 4 of A1(M) so|

| |excellent access for large number of people & in walking distance |

|Location of Tertiary Industry: |of Uni of Hertfordshire – so potential source of clients |

|Give 3 factors that have led to the location of David Lloyd Health |- Demand - Salisbury Village – large area of executive middle class |

|club in Hatfield, Herts |housing (potential clients) |

| |- Location – Hatfield Business park – workers from nearby companies |

| |e.g. T-Mobile & Ocado may use club. Also near indoor shopping centre|

| |(Galleria) – people can shop & use the club in one journey |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|ECONOMIC CHANGE | |

| |Deindustrialisation – the decline in industrial activity in an area |

|Define the key terms Deindustrialisation and Globalisation | |

| |Globalisation – process led by transnational companies with the |

| |world’s countries all becoming part of a global economy. |

| | |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|ECONOMIC CHANGE |- Many rural areas have suffered from deindustrialisation, for |

| |example, the extraction of China clay in Cornwall left many pits |

| |full of water (C). |

| |- One of these pits has become the Eden Project. When the quarry |

| |closed, a number of people lost their jobs and the local government |

| |lost income from the quarry owners (C). |

|Explain the benefits (B) and costs (C) of deindustrialisation in |- The pit has been totally transformed into a tourist attraction |

|rural areas. |with landscaped walks, a huge diversity of plants and two enormous |

| |pods (B). |

| |- The Eden project employs 500 staff and provides jobs for |

|Exam tip: This is usually a 6 mark question – remembering |approximately 3,000 other people in restaurants, hotels and |

|places-specific costs (C) and benefits (B) from these two case |suppliers of products (B). |

|studies should give you full marks. | |

| |- Costs and benefits of the extraction of raw materials, especially |

| |coal, have left the landscape scarred with many waste heaps (C). |

| |- In 1966 the Aberfan (S.Wales) disaster occurred. A landslide |

| |occurred from a coal waste heap after heavy rainfall and tonnes of |

| |material fell onto the village school killing 144 people, 116 of |

| |them children (C). |

| |- The land is now used for agriculture and leisure. Provides |

| |reminder of industrial heritage (B). |

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