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SECTION
7.4
HUMAN GENETICS AND PEDIGREES
Power Notes
Sex-Linked Disorders
Males: Much more frequent than it females;
No second X chromosome to mask Females: Only evident when both alleles are
the one X chromosome present recessive xx; Can be a carrier if
alleles are Xx.
A pedigree chart is: A chart for tracing phenotypes and genotypes within a family
|Tracing Autosomal Genes |Tracing Sex-Linked Genes |
| | |
|• Equal numbers of males and females |• More males than females will exhibit a |
| |recessive phenotype; Females can be |
| |carriers |
|• People with recessive phenotype must | |
|be homozygous recessive |• Females with recessive phenotype have 2 |
| |recessive alleles; males with recessive |
|• People with dominant phenotype can be |phenotype have one |
|either homozygous dominant or | |
|heterozygous |• Heterozygous females do not show the |
| |recessive phenotype, but are carriers |
|• Two heterozygotes can have offspring | |
|of either phenotype (dominant or |• Female carriers can pass on a recessive |
|recessive) or any genotype |to either a male or female offspring |
|(homozygous, dominant, heterozygous, | |
|or homozygous recessive) |• Males with recessive phenotype can pass |
| |the recessive allele only to female |
| |offspring |
A karyotype is: Picture of all chromosomes in a cell
A karyotype shows: Large-scale changes in chromosomes
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