Hofstede’s cultural dimensions - RhuM'antiK



Hofstede’s cultural dimensions Five Dimensions ?Power/ Distance Degree of inequality that exists and is accepted among people with and without powerHigh PD scores = society accepts an unequal distribution of power and that people understand their place in the systemLow PD scores means that power is shared and well dispersed and that society members view themselves as equal Example: Malaysia (104) ?IndividualismStrength of the ties people have to others within the communityHigh IDV score indicates loose connections = lack of interpersonal connection and little sharing of responsibility beyond family and perhaps a few close friendsLow IDV scores indicates strong group cohesion = large amount of loyalty and respect for each other's well being Example: Panama (11) Guatemala (6)?Masculinity How much a society values traditional male and female rolesHigh MAS scores are found in countries where men are expected to be "tough", to be the provider & the assertive Women who work outside the home tend to have separate professionsLow MAS scores = women and men work together equally across many professions, men are allowed to be sensitive and women can work hard for professional successExample: Japan (95) = highly masculine; Sweden (5) which is the lowest measured value?Uncertainty/Avoidance IndexDegree of anxiety felt in unknown situations High UAI nations = avoid ambiguous situations if possible, governed by rules and order and they seek a collective "truth"Low UAI nations = enjoy novel events and value differences. Few rules: people are encouraged to discover their own truth. Example: Belgium (94)?Long Term Orientation How much society values long-standing traditions and valuesHigh LTO scores = delivering on social obligations and avoiding 'loss of faith' are considered very important? Indulgence / Restraint (added in 2010)Focus more on individual happiness and well being Leisure time is more important and there is greater freedom of speech and personal control. In contrast with restrained cultures where positive emotions are less freely expressed and happiness, freedom and leisure are not given the same importance. Gratification of needs is regulated by strict social norms and there is a greater sense of helplessness about personal destiny. Likely to have an impact on how willing employees are to voice opinions and give feedback ................
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