Chapter 1, “The Study of Lifeâ€
Chapter 1, The Study of Life
Section 1, Introduction to Biology:
Adaptation
Biology
Development
Growth
Homeostasis
Organism
Organization
Reproduction
Response
Species
Stimulus
Section 2, The Nature of Science:
Ethics
Forensics
Metric system
Peer review
Science
SI
Theory
Section 3, Methods of Science
Control group
Constant
Data
Dependent variable
Experiment
Experimental group
Hypothesis
Independent variable
Inference
Observation
Safety symbol
Scientific method
Serendipity
Chapter 2, Principles of Ecology
Section 1, Organisms and Their Relationships:
Abiotic factor
Biological community
Biome
Biosphere
Biotic factor
Commensalism
Ecology
Ecosystem
Habitat
Mutualism
Niche
Parasitism
Population
Predation
Symbiosis
Section 2, Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem:
Autotrophy
Biomass
Carnivore
Detritivore
Food chain
Food web
Herbivore
Heterotopy
Omnivore
Trophic level
Section 3, Cycling of Matter
Biogeochemical cycle
Denitrification
Matter
Nitrogen fixation
Nutrient
Chapter 3, Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems
Section 1, Community Ecology:
Climax community
Community
Ecological succession
Limiting factor
Primary succession
Secondary succession
Tolerance
Section 2, Terrestrial Biomes:
Boreal forest
Climate
Desert
Grassland
Latitude
Temperate forest
Tropical rain forest
Tropical savanna
Tropical seasonal forest
Tundra
Weather
Woodland
Section 3, Aquatic Ecosystems:
Abyssal zone
Aphotic zone
Benthic zone
Estuary
Intertidal zone
Limnetic zone
Littoral zone
Photic zone
Plankton
Profundal zone
Sediment
Wetlands
Chapter 4, Population Ecology
Section 1, Population Dynamics:
Carrying capacity
Density-dependent factor
Density-independent factor
Dispersion
Emigration
Immigration
Population density
Population growth rate
Section 2, Human Population:
Age structure
Demographic transition
Demography
Zero population growth (ZPG)
Chapter 5, Biodiversity and Conservation
Section 1, Biodiversity:
Biodiversity
Ecosystem diversity
Extinction
Genetic diversity
Species diversity
Section 2, Threats to Biodiversity:
Background extinction
Biological magnification
Edge effect
Eutrophication
Habitat fragmentation
Introduced species
Mass extinction
Natural resource
Overexploitation
Section 3, Conserving Biodiversity:
Biological augmentation
Bioremediation
Endemic
Nonrenewable resource
Renewable resource
Sustainable use
Chapter 6, Chemistry in Biology
Section 1, Atoms, Elements, and Compounds:
Atom
Compound
Covalent bond
Electron
Element
Ion
Ionic bond
Isotope
Molecule
Neutron
Nucleus
Proton
Van der Waals force
Section 2, Chemical Reactions:
Activation energy
Active site
Catalyst
Chemical reaction
Enzyme
Product
Reactant
Substrate
Section 3, Water and Solutions:
Acid
Base
Buffer
Hydrogen bond
Mixture
pH
Polar molecule
Solute
Solution
Solvent
Section 4, The Building Blocks of Life:
Amino avid
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Macromolecule
Nucleic acid
Nucleotide
Polymer
Protein
Chapter 7, Cellular Structure and Function
Section 1, Cell Discovery and Theory:
Cell
Cell theory
Eucharistic cell
Nucleus
Organelle
Plasma membrane
Prokaryotic cell
Section 2, The Plasma Membrane:
Fluid mosaic model
Phospholipid bilayer
Selective permeability
Transport protein
Section 3, Structures and Organelles:
Cell wall
Centriole
Chloroplasts
Cilium
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Endoplasmic reticulum
Flagellum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Mitochondrion
Nucleolus
Ribosome
Vacuole
Section 4, Cellular Transport:
Active transport
Diffusion
Dynamic equilibrium
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Facilitated diffusion
Hypertonic solution
hypo tonic solution
Isotonic solution
Osmosis
Chapter 8, Cellular Energy
Section 1, How Organisms Obtain Energy:
Adenosine troposphere (ATP)
Cellular respiration
Energy
Metabolism
Photosynthesis
Thermodynamics
Section 2, Photosynthesis:
Calvin cycle
Granum
NADP+
Pigment
Rubisco
Stroma
Thylakoid
Section 3, Cellular Respiration:
Aerobic
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic process
Fermentation
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Chapter 9, Cellular Reproduction
Section 1, Cellular Growth:
Cell cycle
Chromatin
Chromosome
Cytokinesis
Interphase
Mitosis
Section 2, Mitosis and Cytokinesis:
Anaphase
Centro mere
Metaphase
Prophase
Sister chromatid
Spindle apparatus
Telophase
Section 3, Cell Cycle Regulation:
Apoptosis
Cancer
Carcinogen
Cyclin
Cyclin-dependent kinas
Stem cell
Chapter 10, Sexual Reproduction and Genetics
Section 1, Meiosis:
Crossing over
Diploid
Fertilization
Gamete
Gene
Haploid
Homologous chromosome
Meiosis
Section 2, Mendelian Genetics:
Allele
Dominant
Genetics
Genotype
Heterozygous
Homozygous
Hybrid
Law of independent assortment
Law of segregation
Phenotype
Recessive
Section 3, Gene Linkage and Polyploidy:
Genetic recombination
Polyploidy
Chapter 11, Complex Inheritance and Human Heredity
Section 1, Basic Patterns of Human Inheritance:
Carrier
Pedigree
Section 2, Complex Patterns of Inheritance:
Autosome
Codominance
Epitasis
Incomplete dominance
Multiple alleles
Polygenic trait
Sex chromosome
Sex-linked trait
Section 3, Chromosomes and Human Heredity:
Karyotype
Nondisjunction
Telomere
Chapter 12, Molecular Genetics
Section 1, DNA: The Genetic Material:
Double helix
Nucleosome
Section 2, Replication of DNA:
DNA polymerase
Okazaki fragment
Semiconservative replication
Section 3, DNA, RNA, and Protein:
Codon
Exon
Intron
Messenger RNA
Ribosomal RNA
RNA
RNA polymerase
Transcription
Transfer RNA
Translation
Section 4, Gene Regulation and Mutation:
Gene regulation
Mutagen
Mutation
Operon
Chapter 13, Genetics and Biotechnology
Section 1, Applied Genetics:
Inbreeding
Selective breeding
Test cross
Section 2, DNA Technology:
Cloning
DNA ligase
Gel electrophoresis
Genetic engineering
Genome
Plasmid
Polymerase chain reaction
Recombinant DNA
Restriction enzyme
Transformation
Transgenic organism
Section 3, The Human Genome:
Bioinformatics
DNA fingerprinting
DNA micro array
Gene therapy
Genomic
Haplotype
Pharmacogenomics
Proteomics
Single nucleotide polymorphism
Chapter 14, The History of Life
Section 1, Fossil Evidence of Change:
Cambrian explosion
Era
Fossil
Geologic time scale
Half-life
K-T boundary
Law of superposition
Paleontologist
Period
Plate tectonics
Radiometric dating
Relative dating
Section 2, The Origin of Life:
Endosymbiont theory
Spontaneous generation
Theory of biogenesis
Chapter 15, Evolution
Section 1, Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection:
Artificial selection
Evolution
Natural selection
Section 2, Evidence of Evolution:
Analogous structure
Ancestral trait
Biogeography
Camouflage
Derived trait
Embryo
Fitness
Homologous structure
Mimicry
Vestigial structure
Section 3, Shaping Evolutionary Theory:
Adaptive radiation
Allopathic speciation
Bottleneck
Directional selection
Disruptive selection
Founder effect
Genetic drift
Gradualism
Hardy-Weinberg principle
Postzygotic isolating mechanism
Prezygotic isolating mechanism
Punctuated equilibrium
Sexual selection
Stabilizing selection
Sympatric speciation
Chapter 16, Primate Evolution
Section 1, Primates:
Anthropoid
Arboreal
Binocular vision
Diurnal
Hominin
Nocturnal
Opposable first digit
Prehensile tail
Section 2, Hominoids to Hominins:
Australopithecine
Bipedal
Hominoid
Section 3, Human Ancestry:
Cro-Magnon
Homo
Neanderthal
Chapter 17, Organizing Life’s Diversity
Section 1, The History of Classification:
Binomial nomenclature
Class
Classification
Division
Domain
Family
Genus
Kingdom
Order
Phylum
Taxon
Taxonomy
Section 2, Modern Classification:
Character
Cladistics
Cladogram
Molecular clock
Phylogeny
Section 3, Domains and Kingdoms:
Archaea
Eubacteria
Fungus
Protist
Chapter 18, Bacteria and Viruses
Section 1, Bacteria:
Bacteria
Binary fission
Capsule
Conjugation
Endospore
Nucleoid
Pilus
Section 2, Viruses and Prions:
Capsid
Lysogenic cycle
Lytic cycle
Prion
Retrovirus
Virus
Chapter 19, Protists
Section 1, Introduction to Protists:
Microsporidium
Protozoan
Section 2, Protozoans--Animal-like Protists:
Contractile vacuole
Pellicle
Pseudopod
Test
Trichocyst
Section 3, Algae-Plantlike Protists:
Alternation of generations
Bioluminescent
Colony
Section 4, Funguslike Protists:
Acrasin
Plasmodium
Chapter 20, Fungi
Section 1, Introduction to Fungi:
Chitin
Fruiting body
Haustorium
Hypha
Mycelium
Septum
Sporangium
Spore
Section 2, Diversity of Fungi:
Ascocarp
Ascospore
Ascus
Basidiocarp
Basidiospore
Basidium
Conidiophore
Gametangium
Rhizoid
Stolon
Section 3, Ecology of Fungi
Bioindicator
Lichen
Mycorrhiza
Chapter 21, Introduction to Plants
Section 1, Plant Evolution and Adaptations:
Nonvascular plant
Seed
Stomata
Vascular plant
Vascular tissue
Section 2, Nonvascular Plants:
Thallose
Section 3, Seedless Vascular Plants:
Epiphyte
Rhizome
Sorus
Sporangium
Strobilus
Section 4, Vascular Seed Plants:
Annual
Biennial
Cone
Cotyledon
Perennial
Chapter 22, Plant Structure and Function
Section 1, Plant Cells and Tissues:
Collenchyma cell
Companion cell
Cork cambium
Epidermis
Ground tissue
Guard cell
Meristem
Parenchyma cell
Phloem
Sclerenchyma cell
Sieve tube member
Tracheid
Vascular cambium
Vessel element
Xylem
Section 2, Roots, Stems, and Leaves:
Cortex
Endodermis
Palisade mesophyll
Pericycle
Petiole
Root cap
Spongy mesophyll
Transpiration
Section 3, Plant Hormones and Responses:
Auxin
Cytokinin
Ethylene
Gibberellins
Nastic response
Tropism
Chapter 23, Reproduction in Plants
Section 1, Introduction to Plant Reproduction:
chemo taxis
Heterosporous
Megaspore
Micropyle
Microspore
Prothallus
Protonema
Vegetative reproduction
Section 2, Flowers:
Day-neutral plant
Intermediate-day plant
Long-day plant
Petal
Photoperiodism
Pistil
Sepal
Short-day plant
Stamen
Section 3, Flowering Plants:
Dormancy
Endosperm
Germination
Hypocotyls
Polar nuclei
Radicle
Seed coat
Chapter 24, Introduction to Animals
Section 1, Animal Characteristics:
Blastula
Ectoderm
Endoderm
Endoskeleton
Exoskeleton
External fertilization
Gastrula
Hermaphrodite
Internal fertilization
Invertebrate
Mesoderm
Vertebrate
Zygote
Section 2, Animal Body Plans:
Acoelomate
Anterior
Bilateral symmetry
Cephalization
Coelom
Deuterostome
Dorsal
Posterior
Protostome
Pseudocoelom
Radial symmetry
Symmetry
Ventral
Section 3, Sponges and Cnidarians:
Cnidocyte
Filter feeder
Gastro vascular cavity
Medusa
Nematocyst
Nerve net
Polyp
Sessile
Chapter 25, Worms and Mollusks
Section 1, Flatworms:
Flame cell
Ganglion
Pharynx
Prognostic
Regeneration
Scolex
Section 2, Roundworms and Rotifers:
Hydrostatic skeleton
Trichinosis
Section 3, Mollusks:
Closed circulatory system
Gill
Mantle
Nephridium
Open circulatory system
Radula
Siphon
Section 4, Segmented Worms:
Clitellum
Crop
Gizzard
Setae
Chapter 26, Arthropods
Section 1, Arthropod Characteristics:
Abdomen
Appendage
Book lung
Cephalothorax
Malpighian tubule
Mandible
Molting
Pheromone
Spiracle
Thorax
Tracheal tube
Section 2, Arthropod Diversity:
Chelicera
Cheliped
Pedipalp
Spinneret
Swimmeret
Section 3, Insects and Their Relatives:
Caste
Metamorphosis
Nymph
Pupa
Chapter 27, Echinoderms and Invertebrate Chordates
Section 1, Echinoderm Characteristics:
Ampulla
Madreporite
pedicellaria
Tube foot
Water-vascular system
Section 2, Invertebrate Chordates:
Chordate
Dorsal tubular nerve cord
Invertebrate chordate
Notochord
Pharyngeal pouches
Postanal tail
Chapter 28, Fishes and Amphibians
Section 1, Fishes:
Atrium
Cartilage
Fin
Lateral line system
Nephron
Neural crest
Operculum
Scale
Spawning
Swim bladder
Ventricle
Section 2, Diversity of Today’s Fishes:
Tetrapod
Section 3, Amphibians:
Cloaca
Ectotherm
Nictitating membrane
Tympanic membrane
Chapter 29, Reptiles and Birds
Section 1, Reptiles:
Amnion
Amniotic egg
Carapace
Jacobson’s organ
Plastron
Section 2, Birds:
Air sac
Contour feather
Down feather
Endotherm
Feather
Incubate
Preen gland
Sternum
Chapter 30, Mammals
Section 1, Mammalian Characteristics:
Cerebellum
Cerebral cortex
Diaphragm
Gestation
Gland
Mammary gland
Placenta
Uterus
Section 2, Diversity of Mammals:
Marsupial
Monotreme
Placental mammal
Therapsid
Chapter 31, Animal Behavior
Section 1, Basic Behaviors:
Behavior
Classical conditioning
Cognitive behavior
Fixed action pattern
Habituation
Imprinting
Innate behavior
Learned behavior
Operant conditioning
Section 2, Ecological Behaviors:
Agonistic behavior
Altruistic behavior
Circadian rhythm
Courting behavior
Dominance hierarchy
Foraging behavior
Language
Migratory behavior
Nurturing behavior
Territorial behavior
Chapter 32, Integumentary, Skeletal, and Muscular Systems
Section 1, The Integumentary System:
Dermis
Epidermis
Hair follicle
Keratin
Melanin
Sebaceous gland
Section 2, The Skeletal System:
Appendicular skeleton
Axial skeleton
Compact bone
Ligament
Ossification
Osteoblast
Osteoclast
Osteocyte
Red bone marrow
Spongy bone
Yellow bone marrow
Section 3, The Muscular System:
Actin
Cardiac muscle
Involuntary muscle
Myofibril
Myosin
Sarcomere
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Tendon
Voluntary muscle
Chapter 33, Nervous System
Section 1, Structure of the Nervous System:
Action potential
Axon
Cell body
Dendrite
Neuron
Neurotransmitter
Node
Reflex arc
Synapse
Threshold
Section 2, Organization of the Nervous System:
Autonomic nervous system
Central nervous system
Cerebrum
Hypothalamus
Medulla oblongata
Parasympathetic nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Pons
Somatic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Section 3, Senses:
Cochlea
Cone
Lens
Retina
Rod
Semicircular canal
Taste bud
Section 4, Effects of Drugs:
Addiction
Depressant
Dopamine
Drug
Stimulant
Tolerance
Chapter 34, Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems
Section 1, Circulatory System:
Artery
Atherosclerosis
Capillary
Heart
Pacemaker
Plasma
Platelet
Red blood cell
Valve
Vein
White blood cell
Section 2, Respiratory System:
Alveolus
Breathing
Bronchus
External respiration
Internal respiration
Lung
Trachea
Section 3, Excretory System:
Kidney
Urea
Chapter 35, Digestive and Endocrine Systems
Section 1, The Digestive System:
Amylase
Chemical digestion
Esophagus
Large intestine
Liver
Mechanical digestion
Pepsin
Peristalsis
Small intestine
Villus
Section 2, Nutrition:
Calorie
Mineral
Nutrition
Vitamin
Section 3, The Endocrine System:
Aldosterone
Antidiuretic hormone
Calcitonin
Cortical
Endocrine gland
Glucagons
Hormone
Insulin
Parathyroid hormone
Pituitary gland
Thyroxin
Chapter 36, Human Reproduction and Development
Section 1, Reproductive Systems:
Epididymis
Menstrual cycle
Oocyte
Oviduct
Polar body
Puberty
Semen
Somniferous tubule
Urethra
Vas deferens
Section 2, Human Development Before Birth:
Amniotic fluid
Blastocyst
Morula
Section 3, Birth, Growth, and Aging:
Adolescence
Adulthood
Dilation
Expulsion stage
Infancy
Labor
Placental stage
Chapter 37, The Immune System
Section 1, Infectious Diseases:
Antibiotic
Endemic disease
Epidemic
Infectious disease
Koch’s postulates
Pandemic
Pathogen
Reservoir
Section 2, The Immune System:
Antibody
B cell
Complement protein
Catatonic T cell
Immunization
Interferon
Lymphocyte
Memory cell
Section 3, Noninfectious Disorders:
Allergy
Anaphylactic shock
Degenerative disease
Metabolic disease
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