Chapter 2: Traits and How They Change

[Pages:43]Chapter 2: Traits and How They Change

Section 2: Genetics

Heredity x Genetics Mendel's experiments Punnett Square

For the test: study power point and textbook

Important Info to remember :

 We inherit 2 alleles per gene

One allele comes from the father and another from the mother

1)What is Heredity? 2)What is genetics?

Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring.

** Genetics is the branch of Biology that studies genes, heredity, and the variation of inherited traits in living organisms.

Mendel ? Austrian monk, lived in the 1800s ? The Father of Genetics

He was the first to describe the inheritance of traits in an offspring

As a result of his observations, he developed 3 basic principles of genetics, studying pea plants

HE used pea plants because they reproduce quickly and the inheritance of traits can be observed in a short period of time

1st Principle Mendel's Principle of Dominance

Traits are determined by different factors. Each trait is determined by at least two factors. One factor is dominant over the other

Today we call factors genes and alleles

What are dominant and recessive alleles?

Dominant alleles will show their effect on the phenotype whenever they are present in the genotype. Recessive alleles will show their effect on the phenotype only when two of them are present in the genotype.

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