Braille Rules and Charts



Braille, Braille, Braille

Compiled by Olga Uriegas, Educational Specialist

Education Service Center Region XI

Fort Worth, Texas

Braille Rules and Charts



|Braille Resources | |

| | | |

| |Duxbury Systems - Braille Resources - Includes information about Duxbury, | |

| |Mega Dots, plus a variety of links for Transcribers and their webpages. | |

| | | |

| |BRL: Braille Through Remote Learning - Includes Braille, Contraction | |

| |Lists, Problem Words and Braille Formats (textbooks, literary, poetry, | |

| |plays, etc.), plus BANA Resources. | |

| | | |

| |Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired - A comprehensive website| |

| | | |

| |for Educational Services, Teachers, and Braille Resources | |

| | | |

| |Braille Formats Online | |

| | | |

| |Braille Authority of North America (BANA) - This authority for Braille | |

| |promotes standardization of Braille and Tactile Graphics materials and | |

| |also | |

| |interprets and renders opinions of Braille rules. | |

| | | |

| |Dancing Dots - Braille Music Technology | |

| | | |

| |Utah State Library Division - Library for the Blind and Disabled - This | |

| |library service loans materials for the blind and disabled such as large | |

| |print, braille, cassettes, etc. | |

| | | |

| |Opus Technologies - This company develops and sells software, print, and | |

| |braille materials, especially braille music. | |

| | | |

| |Utah Schools for the Deaf & Blind - This organization provides direct and | |

| |indirect services and resources for sensory impaired children from birth | |

| |to | |

| |age 21 for the State of Utah. | |

| | | |

| |Pokadot - Free downloadable 6-key direct Braille Transcription software | |

| |for | |

| |sighted transcribers. | |

| | | |

| |National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (Library| |

| | | |

| |of Congress) - This service provides Braille training for transcribers and| |

| | | |

| |also provides reading materials for the Blind. | |

| | | |

| |Braille 2000 - This site describes its Braille 2000 program. This program| |

| | | |

| |can be downloaded and evaluated for no charge - however, be aware that | |

| |limitations do apply. The program is Windows compatible and is fairly | |

| |user | |

| |friendly. | |

| | | |

|Summary of Rules for Use of Contractions |

| |

| |

| |

|There are 13 pages of rules on the use of contractions in Grade 2 braille. These pages are accessible from the Table of Contents |

|below. |

|Table of Contents |

|General Rules for Use of Contractions |

|Choice between Alternative Contractions |

|Single Letter Contractions |

|Contractions: and, for, of, the, with |

|Contractions: child, shall, this, which, out, still |

|Part-word contractions |

|Whole-word lower sign contractions: his, was, were, be, in, enough |

|Rules for use of lower sign contractions |

|Part-word lower sign contractions |

|Whole-word lower sign contractions: to, into, by |

|Double-letter contractions: bb,cc,dd,ff,gg, ea |

|Initial letter contractions |

|Final letter contractions and short form words |

Braille Charts Available to Download



BRAILLE BOOKS AND BRAILLE MUSIC

To find out what has already been published, consult the two online retrospective catalogs.

WEB-BLND, of the National Library Service of the Library of Congress, which covers books produced at the national level and by local libraries for the blind, as well as books brailled in small quantities by volunteer groups and added to the national collection. Novice searchers may find the Help file useful. And:

The American Printing House for the Blind, "Louis: Database of Accesssible Materials for People Who Are Blind or Visually Impaired," which covers braille (and, of course, books in other formats) produced by local agencies and held by them in their own collections or offered for sale.

If a book has never been brailled or recorded in an accessible format, you may be able to find a local volunteer organization that will produce it for you by consulting two directories produced by the National Library Service: "Sources of Custom-Produced Books: Braille, Audio Recordings, and Large Print " (2001)and "Sources of Braille Reading Materials" (1996).

If you cannot locate a braille text, you can use a braille translation program to braille it yourself and either print it out or read it on a refreshable braille display. Some frequently used braille translation programs are:

• Duxbury (for Windows).

• Megadots (for DOS).

• NfbTrans (for DOS).

• WinTrans, which "is a Windows interface to the NfbTrans program. Its purpose is to allow Windows users to translate text files to grade II braille and grade II braille files to text without dealing with the DOS environment in which NfbTrans runs."

• BrailleMaster, which is "a complete publishing, transcripting, research and educational environment dedicated to Braille. Unlike conventional Braille translation programs, BrailleMaster is the only one which makes it possible for a user to develop his or her our own Braille rules using a unique rule-based symbolic language called LOUIS."

• HotBraille: a free service that allows you to compose online a message up to two braille pages long and have it mailed to the recipient as a Braille letter.

2003 Calendars: The National Library Service has prepared a Fact Sheet listing organizations that produce calendars in braille, print/braille or large print.

The National Library Service makes braille books, magazines and music available as downloads through Web-Braille. Contact your local library for the blind to register for Web-Braille.

The music collection of the National Library Service of the Library of Congress includes more than 30,000 braille and large-print music scores, texts; and instructional recordings about music and musicians on cassette and audio disc.

Duxbury producers of Duxbury and MegaDots braille translation software, maintains a comprehensive list of "World Wide Braille Producers," organized by first digit of the zip code for producers in the U.S.A. and by country for producers in more than thirty countries. Brailleplanet has recently combined with Duxbury, but the complete run of 102 Raised Dot Computing Newsletters, 1983-1994, is available on the Web. "These newsletters are a rich source of material about the blindness field" during those years.

Neal Kuniansky, of Duxbury Systems, describes a project under development called "eBraille": "A web-based gateway where documents could be received, translated to braille, perhaps even embossed and shipped; all with minimal human intervention. Thereby making it possible to respond to requests for information in braille quickly and easily without having to locate an expert."

"Braille Books for Children" lists the major suppliers, including some religious sources and ones in Canada and England.

Alcoholics Anonymous makes some of its publications available in braille and large print:

General Service Office

Attn: Special Needs

P.O. Box 459

Grand Central Station

New York, NY 10163

American Action Fund for Blind Children and Adults: free braille calendars; lending library of children's books in braille and print/braille; offers a monthly free Goosebumps book in braille. Though the American Action Fund is no longer producing new books in the Animorphs series, it still has Goosebumps and Babysitters Club books in braille. The Fund has recently begun production of three new series: the Nightmare Room by R. L. Stine, the Nancy Drew and the Little House chapter book series.

Braille - American Foundation for the Blind

|That's because braille is not a language, it's just another way to read and ... Check out the American Foundation for the|

|Blind's accessibility options. ... |

|Section.asp?SectionID=6 - Similar pages |

Braille Bug

|American Foundation for the Blind (AFB) Braille Bug is a kids' site that teaches sighted children grades 3 through 6 about |

|braille, and encourages literacy ... |

|braillebug/ - Similar pages |

|More results from  » |

The American Foundation for Disabled Children "provides actual 'print to braille' transcription of textbooks, newspapers, class notes, etc. . . . for blind and visually challenged children or provides financial and technical assistance to establish similar programs in special schools or programs throughout the country." The AFDC also provides "collections of recreational books to school, state and regional libraries for the visually challenged."

American Printing House for the Blind: braille books and, of course, much else, including pre-reading activities.

Marjorie Arnott sells braille books about knitting, crocheting and cooking.

Bibles for the Blind and Visually Handicapped provides free Braille Bibles to people who cannot otherwise afford them.

Braifo is a program under development for converting documents written in SGML into braille as specified in a style sheet.

Braille Bible Foundation

P.O. Box 948307

Maitland, FL 32794-8307

Phone: 407-834-3628.

[no web site as of October 2002]

Braille Circulating Library: lends a wide variety of religious texts and tracts.

2700 Stuart Avenue

Richmond, VA 23220-3305

Phone: 804-359-3743

Fax: 804-359-4777.

[no web site as of October 2002]

Braille Institute Press: in addition to many kinds of braille books, also publishes "Expectations," a free annual anthology of children's literature; "Brailleways," an annual braille anthology for young adult readers; and "a braille special collection of Children's Classics," more than 600 titles available free. A catalog will be published quarterly.

741 North Vermont Avenue

Los Angeles, CA 90029

Phone: 1-800-BRAILLE

Phone: 1-800-272-4553

The "Partners in Literacy Program" of the Braille Institute Press allows teachers and librarians to order up to 25 braille books from the Braille Institute's "Special Collection" of more than 1,200 titles for a flat annual fee of $150.

Braille International /William T. Thomas Bookstore: provides a broad range of braille material for all ages, from the very young to the older reader; braille or print catalog of more than 1,000 titles for sale. They also have an on-line catalog.

3142 S.E. Jay St.

Stuart, FL 34997

407-286-8366

The Braille Resource and Literacy Center (The BRL Center) has over 50 children's storybooks available in double-spaced, non-interpoint, Grade 1 (or alphabetic) Braille. The Braille appears on the right side of the page and the print equivalent of each line appears on the left side. Titles include many children's classic fairy tales and other stories, such as "The Little Mermaid," "Jack and the Beanstalk," "Hansel and Gretel," "Mother Goose Rhymes," etc. Other titles are for beginning readers, such as the series of "Frog and Toad" books. Teachers and parents may purchase the books at a price of 2 books for $6.00. One free book will be given to any child upon request. For more information contact:

The BRL Center

1094 South 350 West, Orem, UT 84058

Phone: 801-224-333

CARE Ministries provides a list of more than sixty organizations that provide religious materials in formats (braille, cassette, large print) accessible to the blind. "This list includes only national organizations which provide materials without regard to geographical or denominational affiliation. Geographical and denominational resources, including church referrals are available at the CARE Ministries office and will be gladly shared upon request."

Christ for All Nations has made available in braille about forty works of evangelical Christianity by the Rev. Reinhard Bonnke, in English and ten other languages. Contact:

Christ for All Nations

International Department

Highway House

250 Coombs Road

Halesowen

West Midland

B62 8AA

United Kingdom

Christian Record Services: primarily religious literature, in a variety of formats, including braille and print-braille.

Christian Services for the Blind: A Link Between the Sighted, Blind and Deaf-Blind has a lending library of over 600 books in braille and audio formats, as well as magazines.

"Les Doigts Qui Revent" is a French producer of tactile books and other objects for children. They are researching tactile multimedia. The site is in French and English.

The Catholic Guild for the Blind (Chicago, IL) produces taped, large print and braille books, including cookbooks, hobby books and children's pre-readers.

Helping Hands for the Blind has over fifty braille cookbooks for sale, as well as a Cookbook of the Month Club. A list of their offerings is available on-line.

Horizons For The Blind (Crystal Lake, IL) produces braille to order for schools and businesses and sells a selection of brailled craft and cooking material to individuals. There is a browsable online catalog.

HotBraille is a free braille transcribing service on the internet. It will braille a letter or document up to four Braille pages long, print it out, and mail it for you.

Howe Press: sells large print and braille books, as well as the Perkins Brailler:

Perkins School for the Blind

175 North Beacon Street

Watertown, MA 02172

Phone: 617-924-3490

I Can See Books offers over 1,000 titles in braille and cassette formats; their catalog, with a very wide selection of children's books, is available online. They also have a children's book-of-the-month club, with braille or cassette books available.

The Imperium Proviso Publishing Company produces texts in a variety of languages and formats, including print-braille.

The International Braille Research Center's International Electronic Braille Book library contains over 1000 titles, downloadable as ASCII text files which appear as Grade II English Braille on paperless Braille displays and Braille printers.

Louis Braille Center: online catalog of books about Louis Braille, braille, Helen Keller, general literature, children's classics and inspirational and devotional works:

320 Dayton St., Suite 125

Edmonds, WA 98020-3590

Phone: 425-776-4042.

e-mail: louisbraille@worldnet.

National Braille Association, in addition to its work with transcribers, has more than 2,100 titles available for sale, including textbooks, music and general interest books; catalogs are available.

The National Library for the Blind (UK) has created an accessible version of the Book Forager system for choosing books based on a selection of desired qualities such as age and gender of the main character or qaulities rated on one of eleven sliding scales, such as from bleak to optimistic, romantic to realistic or easy to demanding. The site requires registration (free) and includes about 1000 braille books.

Print/Braille children's Book-of-the-Month Club:

National Braille Press:

88 St. Stephen St.

Boston, MA 02115

Phone: 800-548-7323.

National Braille Press: PortaBooks are books on diskette in a Grade 2 braille format designed to be read on a portable braille reading device. They can also be accessed with a computer and refreshable braille display or a braille notetaker.

The National Library Service makes braille books, magazines and music available as downloads through Web-Braille. Contact your local library for the blind to register for Web-Braille.

OBR (Optical Braille Recognition) uses a standard scanner to scan and read single and double-sided braille documents, producing a text file that can be word-processed or translated and re-embossed into braille. It is available in the United States from Sighted Electronics.

Quick-Scrybe (Northridge, CA) produces a variety of brailled material, including user's manuals for Creative Labs Awe 64 Gold and the Adaptec EasyCD Pro.

Seedlings: braille books for children; catalog available; they also produce encyclopedia articles in braille on request:

P.O. Box 51914

Livonia, MI 48151-5924

800-777-8552

Select-A-Braille-Book sells about two dozen children's books in Print/Braille, including some Christian titles.

TACTUS is an award given to the two best tactile books for visually-impaired children created by writers in Belgium, Finland, France, Italy and the United Kingdom.

Triangle Braille Services produces lesbian and gay literature in braille. There are also links to other sources of gay/lesbian literature in accessible formats. For a catalog in braille, diskette or by e-mail, contact them at:

P.O. Box 50606

Minneapolis, MN 55405

Phone: 612-822-0549

E-mail: jenshar@

Turbo Braille is a freeware braille translation program, running under DOS, by Kansys Inc.

Very Bumpy Stories is a service of Volunteer Braille Services that provides leisure and recreational reading material to children in preschool through grade 12. They charge a fee of $40.00 for four years and lend up to four books at a time for a period of three weeks. Both braille and print/braille books are available.

4139 Regent Avenue North

Robbinsdale, MN 55422

Phone: 763-971-5231.

[no web site as of October 2002]

American Thermoform Corporation sells braille printers and a wide variety of braille papers.

[pic]

BRAILLE MUSIC

The National Library Service lends from its collection of over 30,000 music scores in braille and large print, and books and magazines about music and musicians in large print, braille and recorded formats. Contact the NLS Music Section at 800-424-8567.

BrailleM is an e-mail list aimed at both beginners and experts and devoted to "discussing and learning about all aspects of braille music code." This page also has links to the Braille Music FAQ and to the Braille Music Page which has an excellent brief summary of braille music and a chart of the most common braille music signs.

Midi-Mag is a mailing list for blind people using adaptive technology to create Midi music. To subscribe, send an email to:

listserv@maelstrom.stjohns.edu

Leave the subject line blank and in the body of the message, write:

subscribe midi-mag

MENVI is the Music Education Network for the Visually Impaired, a coalition of parents, educators and students for the benefit of blind students and musicians.

Music Division of the National Federation of the Blind

President, Linda Mentink

1737 Tamarack Lane

Janesville, Wisconsin 53545-0951

608-752-8749.

[no web site as of October 2002]

Dancing Dots has published a new curriculum for music instruction, by Richard Taesch, "An Introduction to Music for the Blind Student: A Course in Braille Music Reading," in three print volumes and four braille volumes, for $299.

"How to Read Braille Music," 2nd ed., by Bettye Krolick (Opus Technologies, 1998; 52 pages; ISBN: 1-892195-05-4) is available in print, braille and on CD-Rom, as is the "New International Manual of Braille Music Notation," also in those three formats, from Opus Technologies.

"They Shall Have Music: Manual for Instruction of Visually Handicapped Children in Playing Keyboard" by Dorothy Dykema (90 pages, regular print; $6.00, shipping included):

604 N. Allyn

Carbondale, IL 62901

Smaligo, Mary A. "Resources for Helping Blind Music Students: A Variety of Resources is Available to Help Educators Teach Blind Students How to Read Music and Become Part of the Music Classroom." Music Educators Journal (September 1998), pages 24-27. Includes bibliography and resource list.

The SharpEye Music Reader is a music scanning program that can convert printed sheet music into a MIDI file or a music notation file which can then be imported into a MIDI sequencer or music notation program and ultimately into a braille music translation program like Toccata or GOODFEEL.

Toccata transcribes braille music in a variety formats, either from scanned sheet music or from scratch. The music can be played back in real time. Magni-Ccata plays and scrolls any music that is entered either by mouse or from a scan, in a magnified window with a highlighted marker to assist the musician focus on the notes being played.

GOODFEEL is a braille music translation program that allows musicians to braille music texts stored as MIDI or Lime files and then to print out the braille score or save it as a text file.

Musitek produces Midiscan and its lighter version Pianoscan. They convert printed music into multi-track MIDI files. Midiscan also supports the NIFF format. These files can then be processed into braille music notation by a braille music translation program.

OpusDots Lite is braille music transcription package consisting of a music notation editor, a music-to-braille translator and a braille editor, designed to allow sighted people to transcribe printed sheet music into music braille.

CakeTalking is a tutorial for Cakewalk (recording-studio software for a personal computer), combined with Cakewalk scripts for JAWS.

|Hadley School for the Blind |

|Welcome to The Hadley School for the Blind |

|Our Mission-To promote independent living through lifelong, distance education programs for blind people, their families and|

|blindness service providers. |

|Braille |

|Introduction to Braille |

|Contracted Braille Test |

|Contracted Braille |

|Braille Assessment for Nemeth Code |

|Basic Nemeth Code |

|Introduction to Braille |

|Want to read braille visually? This course gives you the tools to communicate in writing with clients, students and |

|colleagues who read braille. Its goal is to enable you to read and write uncontracted braille. As an introductory course, it|

|does not make you fully proficient. To do so, additional study and practice are necessary. |

|Course: IBR-121 |

|Media: OL or P |

|Lessons: 8 |

|Maximum Completion Time: 4 months |

|Credit: 3 CEUs |

|Tuition: NO CHARGE UNTIL 2009 |

|Introduction to Braille Course and Sample Lesson Details |

|~~~ |

|Contracted Braille Diagnostic Test |

|Have you learned uncontracted braille in another setting, or has it been over a year since you completed Hadley’s |

|"Introduction to Braille" course? Enrollment in “Contracted Braille” requires a certain level of proficiency with |

|uncontracted Braille. This short test measures your ability to read and emboss letters, numbers and a variety of punctuation|

|marks in uncontracted braille. The results determine which braille course is appropriate for you. |

|Test: CBD-021 |

|Media: LP |

|Lessons: 1 |

|Maximum Completion Time: 1/2 month |

|Credit: none |

|Tuition: NO CHARGE |

|Contracted Braille |

|As a professional who works with those who are visually impaired, your ability to read and emboss contracted braille will |

|enhance your relationship with your clients, students and colleagues. The goal of this course is to enable you to visually |

|read and emboss contracted braille. Prerequisite: “Introduction to Braille” or “Contracted Braille Diagnostic.” |

|Course: CBR-221 |

|Media: OL or P |

|Lessons: 27 |

|Maximum Completion Time: 13 1/2 months |

|Credit: 6 CEUs |

|Tuition: NO CHARGE UNTIL 2009 |

|Contracted Braille Course and Sample Lesson Details |

| |

|Braille Assessment for Nemeth Code |

|This brief assessment is used to determine your knowledge of contracted braille, which is a prerequisite to enrolling into |

|"Basic Nemeth Code." |

|Test: BNC-021 |

|Media: P |

|Lessons: 1 |

|Maximum Completion Time: 1/2 month |

|Credit: none |

|Tuition: NO CHARGE |

| |

|Basic Nemeth Code |

|The Nemeth Code for science and mathematics includes all the symbols a braille user needs for written math and science. By |

|learning basic symbols presented in this course, you can help those who use braille develop math skills that will serve them|

|throughout the school years and beyond. This course will not enable you to transcribe material from print to the Nemeth |

|Code. Additional study and practice are necessary before doing so. Prerequisite: “Contracted Braille” or the ability to read|

|and write contracted (grade 2) braille. |

|Course: BNC-121 |

|Media: P |

|Lessons: 12 |

|Maximum Completion Time: 6 months |

|Credit: 3 CEUs |

|Tuition: $139 (U.S. Dollars) |

|Basic Nemeth Code Course and Sample Lesson Details |

|For Adult Continuing Education program and High School students: |

|Experience Braille Reading |

|This 15-lesson course will help braille readers become familiar with reading a wide variety of material by providing |

|exposure to the specialized formats used for brailling calendars, menus, recipes, poetry, song lyrics and more. The course |

|explains how to follow the text and interpret the varied formats. |

|Learn more about Experience Braille Reading |

|[pic] |

|Hadley now offers braille production services to help meet your braille embossing needs. For a free estimate call Hadley |

|Brailling Services at 847-784-2899. To learn more, access the Hadley Brailling Services link. |

| |

| |

|The New York Institute for Special Education |

| |

|Braille Index |

|Description and History |

|Louis Braille:biographies |

|Legislative Initiatives |

|Organizations and Advocacy |

|Research |

|Software and Educational Materials |

|Transcription Services |

|Description and History |

|Education of the Blind - Catholic Encyclopedia on CD-ROM |

|About Braille: Canadian Braille Authority |

|Who sets the standards and rules for braille? |

|Braille and Other Tactile Reading/Printing Systems |

|Braille: History, Use and Current Research |

|Converting Information to Braille: General Description of the process |

|BRL: Electronic Braille Programs |

|Handbook for Learning to Read Braille by Sight ( link) |

|How Braille Began Enabling Technologies |

|Scripts for the blind with descriptions of foreign brailles |

|CNIB: The Braille System |

|What is Braille: |

|AFB: Braille Bug |

|ACB     |

|AFB |

|International Braille Research Center |

| |

|Arkansas School f/t Blind |

|William Moon invented a method of reading and writing by touch using raised shapes. |

|Download Braille and ASL Specialty Fonts |

|Return to Index |

| |

|Legislative Initiatives: |

|NFB: Background on Braille Literacy Legislation |

|Legislative and Regulatory Information |

|Internet Law Library Handicapped individuals and the law |

|Return to Index |

| |

|Louis Braille: biographies |

|Duxbury Systems |

|Louis Braille at Braillerman |

|Louis Braille (Lives and Times) |

|History of Braille |

|Royal National Institute for the Blind |

|Questions From Kids About Blindness |

|Books on Louis Braille: |

|The Boy Who Invented Books for the Blind |

|Louis Braille (Lives and Times) |

|Out of Darkness : The Story of Louis Braille |

|A Picture Book of Louis Braille |

|Return to Index |

|Organizations and Advocacy |

|The Braille Development Section, National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (NLS), Library of |

|Congress administers a program of courses leading to certification in braille transcribing and proofreading |

|Adult Braille Literacy Empowerment Guidelines by the American Foundation for the Blind |

|Braille Authority of North America |

|The Braille Forum is the monthly magazine of the American Council of the Blind. Besides this web version, the Forum is |

|available in braille, audio cassette and large print. |

|Braille Institute is a private, nonprofit organization whose mission is to eliminate blindness and severe sight loss as a |

|barrier to the fulfillment of life. |

|Canadian Braille Authority: "Promoting braille as a primary medium for blind persons" |

|International Council on English Braille (ICEB) |

|International Braille Research Center (IBRC) Resource Library |

|The Jewish Braille Institute of America a resource of information on blindness that it would greatly benefit the Jewish |

|blind |

|Lutheran Braille Workers, Inc.: a non-profit organization devoted to providing braille and large-print Bibles and Christian |

|reading materials to the blind and visually handicapped of the world. |

|National Braille Press: Catalog listing books, booklets, and reference cards |

|Internet Law Library Handicapped individuals and the law NFB |

|Return to Index |

| |

|Research |

|Blind physicist creates better Braille: New Braille method may help visually impaired children pursue careers in math and |

|science |

|International Braille Research Center (IBRC) Resource Library |

|International Council on English Braille |

|Unified English Braille Code: The largest project of the ICEB has been to develop a single Unified English Braille Code (UEB|

|or UEBC) for both literary and technical purposes throughout the English-speaking world. See UEB Project Information. |

|8-dot Braille Code: This project is to define a standard 8-dot braille code. See 8-Dot Project Information. |

| |

|Tactile Graphics: This project is to coordinate research and write guidelines for the production of tactile graphics and |

|related teaching methods. See Tactile Graphics Project Information. |

|Dots Plus Project alternative to braille mathematics using a combination of 8-dot braille plus raised representations of |

|some print symbols. |

|Emerson Foulke at Braille Research Center of APH |

|Publications of Susan J. Lederman Ph.D. in tactile psychophysics and haptic perception. The Touch Laboratory, a member of |

|the Robotics and Perception Lab at Queen's University in Kingston Ontario is directed by Dr. Susan Lederman. Research in the|

|Touch Lab has focussed for many years now on the sense of touch in humans. The work has examined how normally sighted and |

|blind people come to learn about the world around them through haptic exploration and manipulation. |

|SNOW Research Initiatives |

|The Lighthouse Handbook on Vision Impairment and Vision Rehabilitation |

|by Barbara Silverstone (Editor), Mary Ann Lang (Editor), Bruce P. Rosenthal |

|Oxford Univ Press; ISBN: 0195094891 This monumental, two-volume work presents -- for the first time -- a comprehensive, |

|interdisciplinary guide to the scientific, clinical, social, educational and policy issues related to the full scope of |

|vision impairment and vision rehabilitation. |

|Return to Index |

| |

|Software and Educatonal Materials |

|Braille Books and Aids at [pic] |

|Braille Textbook Transcriber - Northwest Vista College and its partners have pioneered a new college curriculum in America .|

| |

|Braille Transcriber Q&A |

|Braille with Pokadot |

|Pokadot is a six-key direct keyboard input braille transcription program for sighted braille transcribers that has been |

|approved by the National Braille Association. |

|Braille Software for MacOS X |

|Certification as a Braille Transcriber or Proofreader |

|Future Aids- Braille Bookstore. |

|BRL: Braille Through Remote Learning is a complete novice-to-expert braille education course of study on the Web offered by |

|a grant project. |

|Dancing Dots serves blind musicians and their educators through technology and training. |

| |

|Duxbury Braille Translator grade 2 braille translation and editing software with versions for DOS, Windows and Macintosh |

|systems.(Duxbury Systems) |

|NFB Braille - literacy, transcription, unified braille code, NFBTRANS |

|Optical Braille Recognition: software that reads Braille and other softwares: |

|SNOW (Special Needs Opportunity Windows) offers professional development for teachers through a number of free online |

|workshops and courses, each moderated by professionals in the fields of special education, academic and adaptive |

|technologies, and distance education. |

|Tack-Tiles Braille Systems are interchangeble with standard international toy building blocks. They provide a unique bridge,|

|a smoother, shorter,more interesting path to Braille literacy. |

|Transcription Services |

|Northwest Vista College and its partners have pioneered a new college curriculum in America – Braille Textbook Transcriber. |

|Professionally trained to transcribe and produce books and other written materials in braille, Braille Textbook Transcribers|

|meet a critical and growing need. |

|Braille Producers In North America |

|A2i Transcription Services - Braille, Large Print, Tape and Disk |

|Birmingham, United Kingdom |

|Braille Plus Transcription Service |

|Their motto is: "Every Format. Every Day. And, Everything Right!" |

|Braille Plus, Inc. |

|P.O. Box 3686 Salem, Oregon 97302 |

|Phone: (503) 391-5335 Fax: (503) 391-9359 |

|Email: service@ |

|Website: |

|Braille Jymico: production of graphics using raised contours and the first Canadian enterprise to produce musical texts in |

|braille. |

|Braille Transcription UK |

|Url: brailletranscriptionuk.co.uk |

|Email: enquiries@brailletranscriptionuk.co.uk |

|Midwestern Braille Volunteers Organization Web Site, St. Louis, MO |

|QUIK-SCRYBE transcribes documents, personal letters, menus, flyers, brochures, textbooks, manuals into braille. |

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