Pearland Independent School District



654367516891000496252521907500Name:_______________________________________ Date:________________ Period:_____Central Dogma Lab ActivityIntroduction:Every cell in your body has the same "blueprint" or the same DNA. Like the blueprints of a house tell the builders how to construct a house, the DNA "blueprint" tells the cell how to build the organism. ?Yet, how can a heart be so different from a brain if all the cells contain the same instructions? ? A cell has the ability to turn off most genes and only work with the genes necessary to do a job. Remember, a gene is section of DNA that codes for a specific trait.Pre-Lab Questions:What is a gene? _____________________________________________________________________Where are chromosomes/chromatin located in a eukaryotic cell? _________________What nitrogen bases are found in DNA? ____, ____, ____, ____ In RNA? ____, ____, ____, ____ How many strands does DNA have? ______ RNA? ______Circle the underlined words below that correctly completes the sentence.mRNA is synthesized in transcription / translation. mRNA has codons / anti-codons. tRNA brings amino acids to the nucleus / ribosomes. tRNA has codons / anti-codons. tRNA transfers amino acids during transcription / translation. Ribosomes are the site of where transcription / translation takes place.Objective:In this lab activity, you will explore the flow of information from DNA to Gene Expression and practice transcription and translation.Procedure:Place the cards in the appropriate boxes on the CENTRAL DOGMA mat on the lab table.Record you answers below. You only need to write the letters of the cards in the boxes below.In the simulation below, you will examine the DNA sequence of a fictitious organism: the Snork. Snorks were discovered on the planet Dee Enae. Snorks only have one chromosome with 3 genes. Your job is to analyze the genes of its DNA and determine the traits. Snork DNA and TraitsCodonAmino Acid NumberAmino Acid SequenceTraitAUG2020-11-13HairlessUCG1620-12-13HairyAAC216-2-54-leggedUUG416-4-52-leggedGGG119-8-8Round BodyCCC59-4-8Square BodyUUU8AAA9CCA12AUA13Below you will find the chromosome from a Snork. Each gene has only 3 amino acids that code for it. Your job is to determine the sequence of amino acids for your specimen. In the chart below, write down the complimentary mRNA, the amino acid sequence mRNA codes for, and the related trait.400049912827004000500147320Draw your Snork. Be creative!00Draw your Snork. Be creative!*Be sure to use the mRNA on the codon chart above.*DNATACGGTTAT-AGCAACGGG-TTTAACAAAmRNA--Amino Acids--Trait--STAAR Practice Questions:_____ 1 Which of the following describes the function of DNA? A encoding genetic information B storing energy in chemical bonds C speeding up biochemical reactions D destroying substances that enter the cell_____ 2 Which of these best describes the correct sequence in the expression of a trait? A trait gene enzyme B gene protein trait C protein gene trait D gene trait DNA_____ 3 Transfer RNA molecules pick up amino acids which are free in the cytoplasm and carry them to? [NY EOC] A lysosomes B chromosomes C nuclei D ribosomes_____ 4 Which factor most affects the order of amino acids in a protein? A the DNA located in the nucleus of the cell B the cell in which the protein is located C the amount of ATP available for the cell’s use D the area in a cell where proteins are produced_____ 5 Looking at the diagram above, which label represents the coding part of DNA? A 1 B 2 C 3 D all of the above_____ 6 Which molecule is paired with its correct role in protein synthesis? [TN09 EOC]A nucleus – forms peptide bondsB ribosome – carries DNA instructionsC mRNA – joins amino acidsD tRNA – transfers amino acidsE DNA – leaves the nucleus_____ 7 How do the functions of DNA and RNA differ? [AR08 EOC]A DNA directs protein transport, while RNA aids in energy production.B DNA aids in energy production, while RNA directs protein transport.C DNA stores genetic information, while RNA relays genetic information for protein synthesis.D DNA relays genetic information for protein synthesis, while RNA stores genetic information._____ 8 Which relationship is most similar to the relationship below? [NC08 EOC]tRNA : ribosomeA book : publisherB truck : factoryC key : lockD baker : pieE boss : workers_____ 9 Carol and her mom have similar noses, eyes, and hands. Which of the following explains why Carol and her mom have similar traits? A Carol inherited DNA from her mom only B Carol inherited chromosomes from her mom only C Carol inherited the genes that code for these traits from her mom D Carol inherited the proteins that code for these traits from her momTranscription – Translation PracticeDirections: This is a gene, a section of DNA. Fill in the missing DNA & RNA nitrogen bases using the base pairing rules. When filling in mRNA, use the coding strand of DNA. Translate the mRNA codons and find the amino acids using the Genetic Code chart. 6019800829310coding strand00coding strand587692559944000173482021717000The Genetic Code133350198120Remember: *Use mRNA when reading the Genetic Code chart.00Remember: *Use mRNA when reading the Genetic Code chart.Fill in the sequence of the Central Dogma below:___________ → ___________ → amino acids → _________________ → ________________________________ ................
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