Lesson 3 | DNA and Genetics - Fulda



Name

LESSON 3

DNA and Genetics

Directions: Write the correct term in the boxes to the right of each definition. Then unscramble the letters

in the shaded boxes to spell a seventh term.

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1. a change in the nucleotide

sequence of a gene

2. the copying of DNA

3. carries the code for

making proteins from the

nucleus to the cytoplasm

4. process that makes mRNA

from DNA

5. nitrogen base + a sugar +

a phosphate group

6. organism’s genetic

material

7. When they are unscrambled, the letters from the shaded boxes spell

, the process that uses RNA to make protein.

LESSON 3

DNA and Genetics

Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Each term

is used only once.

|amino acids |DNA |double helix |genes |

|genetic disorder |mutation |nitrogen |nucleotides |

|phosphate |RNA |replication | |

|traits |transcription |translation | |

8. Chromosomes are made of coiled and

proteins.

9. An organism’s are encoded in segments of its

chromosomes called .

11. A DNA molecule is shaped like a twisted ladder, a shape that is called

a(n) .

12. The genetic units called are made of a sugar, a(n)

group, and a(n) base.

15. The process by which a new copy of a DNA molecule is created is

called .

16. Three kinds of carry out genetic instructions for

the production of proteins.

17. This process involves two main steps, called and

.

19. In the second of those steps, units called are linked

together.

20. A change in a gene’s sequence of nucleotides is called a(n) .

21. A change in a gene’s sequence of nucleotides can lead to a(n)

, such as cystic fibrosis.

LESSON 3

DNA and Genetics

Key Concept What is the role of RNA in protein production?

Directions: The diagram below shows one strand of a DNA molecule with six bases shown. A strand of mRNA

has just been created from those bases that will be used to make part of a protein. Write the letters of the

corresponding RNA bases on each line provided.

Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided.

28. What process is occurring here?

29. Which structures in the cell are proteins assembled in?

30. Where in the cell are these structures located?

31. What is the job of mRNA?

32. What is the job of tRNA?

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