Chapter 7: Persia



Chapter 7: Persia

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How did Cyrus manage to expand the Persian holdings so dramatically during his lifetime?

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Why does the book say that Darius was "more important as an administrator than as a conqueror"?

[pic]Describe the administrative structure of the Achaemenid Empire.

[pic]In what ways did Darius, and his successors, promote communication and commerce throughout the empire?

In what ways did Alexander of Macedon both destroy and preserve elements of the Achaemenid Empire?

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How did the Parthians come to control the Persian Empire?

What was the role of the imperial bureaucrats in Persian society? How did they fit in with the other social classes?

What agricultural technologies and techniques did the Persians use to produce the large surpluses they needed to feed their huge population of nonfood producers?

The Persian Empires were noted for being part of a trade route critical to the economy of the classical world. What did the rulers do to facilitate trade? Why was Persia geographically so important?

What were the basic teachings of Zoroastrianism? Why is it considered a highly moralistic religion? How did Zoroastrianism influence other religions?

Chapter 8:

What are the fundamental ideas and values of Confucianism? Make sure to include the concepts of ren, li, and xiao in your answer.

How does Daoism contrast with Confucianism?

What were the fundamental principles of Legalism, and how does it differ from Confucianism and Daoism?

[pic]Why does your book call Qin Shihuangdi “one of the most important figures in Chinese history”?

[pic]How did the early Han contribute to the unification of China?

[pic]Discuss the role of the Xiongnu in the history of China during the Han.

[pic]What were the most significant technological developments during this period of Chinese history?

[pic]How did the issue of uneven distribution of wealth contribute to the collapse of the Han?

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How did the educational system develop in China during this period?

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What was the role of the family in classical China?

Chapter 9: India

How did the Persian conquest set the stage for the emergence of the Maurya empire?

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What were five major accomplishments of the emperor Ashoka?

[pic]How did the Gupta administrative practices differ from the Maurya?

[pic]How did India fit in to the trade along the Silk Road?

[pic]In what ways did the development of trade and manufacturing impact the caste system?

What are the fundamental beliefs of Jainism? What has been its long-term impact? Why did it never become as popular as other major world religions?

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What was the popular appeal of Buddhism? How does it compare and contrast to Hinduism?

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How did early Buddhism evolve into Mahayana Buddhism? How did that help spread the religion?

[pic]How did Hinduism evolve in India during this period?

[pic]Why did Buddhism eventually lose popularity in India?

Chapter 10: Greece

[pic]Compare and contrast the Minoan and the Mycenaean societies.

What was Greece like during the "Dark Ages," from about 1200 to 800 B.C.E.?

What is a polis? How did having the polis as the central political institution of classical Greece shape the history of Greece during this period?

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Compare and contrast Sparta and Athens.

[pic]What was the significance to the history of the Mediterranean region of Greek colonization?

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How did the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars influence the development of the Greek city-states?

[pic]How do you explain Alexander of Macedon’s success as a conqueror in such a short period of time?

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What was the legacy of the empire of Alexander?

[pic]Trace the development of Greek philosophical thought from Socrates through the Hellenistic philosophers.

[pic]How did Greek religion and drama influence each other?

Chapter 11 Rome

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What contributions did the Etruscans and the early Roman monarchy make to the Roman republic?

How did the republican constitution set the stage for conflict between the patricians and the plebeians?

[pic]What was the significance of the Punic Wars to the later development of Rome?

In general, how did the Romans deal with the people and lands that they conquered?

What inherent weaknesses in the political and economic institutions of Rome did the Gracchi brothers' conflicts highlight?

[pic]Describe the transition from republic to empire in the 1st century B.C.E.

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How did the Romans promote trade throughout the empire?

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What was the status of women during the empire?

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How did Jesus' message threaten the Roman administration? How did they respond?

What was the appeal of the early Christian teachings? What sorts of people were most attracted to it?

Chapter 12: Silk Road

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What developments in the classical era helped reduce the risks inherent in long-distance trade?

[pic]How did the trade networks of the Hellenistic era help set the stage for the silk roads?

[pic]In general, what goods from what regions were traded along the silk roads?

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How did Buddhism become the most popular faith in all of East Asia?

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How did the silk roads facilitate the spread of Hinduism and Christianity?

Why is the rise of Manichaeism such a good example of the relationship between long-distance trade and the spread of religion?

[pic]What were the long-term effects of the spread of disease along the silk roads?

[pic]How did China’s culture change after the decline of the Han dynasty?

[pic]What were some of the main causes of the decay and fall of the western Roman empire?

[pic]How did Europe’s culture change during the late Roman empire?

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