Rotational Mechanics
Rotational Mechanics and their Translational Counterparts
Rotational Motion Analogs to Translational (Linear) Motion
| |Translational |Rotational |
|Position |x | |
|Displacement |(x | |
|Velocity |[pic] | |
|Acceleration |[pic] | |
|Inertia |m | |
|Force |F | |
|Newton’s 2nd Law |(F= ma | |
|Work |W = F(x | |
|Kinetic Energy |KE = ½mv2 | |
|Momentum |p = mv | |
Question: What is the angular (rotational) velocity of the second hand of a clock in radians per second?
Rotational Inertia is the resistance that an object has to changes in its rotation, and is based upon the distribution of mass about an axis of rotation.
[pic]
The further away mass is from an axis of rotation, the ________________ the rotational inertia.
Torque is the Rotational Equivalent to Force… Torque Gets Things Moving
An Object Subjected to an Unbalanced Torque will Experience an Angular Acceleration
The torque is the analog for force. Unbalanced torques ((() produce angular accelerations – that is, they cause changes to angular velocities – in the same way that unbalanced forces produce linear accelerations:
[pic]( = I ( (this is Newton’s Second Law for Rotations)
The I in the above equation is the rotational inertia (also called the moment of inertia) which is very much comparable to mass in that it is the resistance an object has to changes in its angular velocity.
How Do I Calculate Torque?
If you do not know the rotational inertia and the angular acceleration, you may calculate the torque(s) applied to an object using the following equation(s). The torque produced by a force F applied a distance r from an axis is given by the equation:
Equilibrium and Torques
We’ve already discussed that an object in equilibrium has no unbalanced forces acting upon it ((F = 0). There is a second condition required for equilibrium we have not discussed yet, and that is:
(( = 0
This means that the sum of the torques acting (about any axis) on an object must be zero, or that the torques must be balanced, and therefore, the object will experience no _______________ in angular ______________ (().
For the figure shown, what must the unknown weight of the dangling fellow be for the see saw to remain in equilibrium?
-----------------------
(
Axis of Rotation
Rotation
Changes in Rotation are
Caused by Torques
Axis of Rotation
F
r
greater/lesser
r
F
r x F
Axis of Rotation
F
r
(
Axis of Rotation
F sin ( = F(
r
Component produces torque and is perpendicular to the moment arm (r).
(
F
F cos ( = F((
Component doesn’t produce torque b/c it passes through axis.
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