英文修改稿（第一章）
E2592 v1
World Bank Loan Project:
Environmental Assessment
For
Shandong Confucius & Mencius Cultural Heritage Preservation and Development Project (Final)
EA Agency: Shandong Academy of Environmental Science
EA Certificate: State EAC 甲 No. 2402
Date of Completion: Jan. 2011
Jinan, China P. R
Preface
Confucius, born in the year of 552 BC, is one of the greatest thinkers in the history of humanity, his thought and doctrine addressed the order and nature of morality in the life of human society. Mencius was born 180 years latter than that of Confucius, and succeeded and developed the thought of Confucius. Addressing governing by benevolence, Mencius advocated Confucius’ philosophy and jointly with him established the core of Chinese culture – Confucianism. Confucianism, created by both Confucius and Mencius, started to become the main stream of Chinese culture in Han Dynasty dating back 2000 years. Particularly, after Confucianism was reformed and reinterpreted by the ruler as a political thought, it became the thought of State. Therefore, Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism had jointly constituted the physical constitution of Chinese traditional culture, and had produced great influence on Asia, Japan and South Korea in particular. Understanding traditional Chinese culture is to a large extent to understand Confucianism and Confucius Culture.
Confucius and Mencius culture has a long history and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad, thus has left over invaluable cultural heritage assets to the people of the whole world. Therefore, it has become the essence of outstanding traditional culture of Chinese civilization. Qufu and Zoucheng are hometown of Confucius and Mencius who are both great philosopher, educator and politician, and are founder and successor of Confucianism school respectively, where is also the important carrier and roots seeking place in succeeding Chinese traditional culture, oriental culture and world civilization at large. However, due to the shortage of funds, backward technical measures and poor management, etc., for many years, meanwhile the two historic cities had experienced setbacks for a long time. Since the environment around the cultural heritage assets is deteriorating, the historic cities are losing their charm, thus causing poorer conditions for physical preservation of cultural relics, and the rich tangible cultural heritage assets are under serious threatening, even on the verge of extinction. At present, both cities have cropped up some problems, such as severely damaged traditional architectures, disorderly made construction layout, incomplete infrastructure facilities, poor quality of urbane appearance and environment, weak consciousness of people for environment protection as well as vanishing of existing humane settings, etc. all of which have brought up serious impact on preservation and development of cultural heritage sites.
In order to develop and utilize precious Confucius-Mencius cultural heritage resources appropriately and permanently, to maintain and improve the image of prestigious historic cultural cities as well as to promote the healthy, sustainable development of local social economy, Chinese Cultural Landmark City Planning and Construction Office of Shandong Province (CCLCPCO)jointly proposed a option on 《Implementation of Shandong Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage Preservation and development Project by utilizing the Loan from World Bank》 in 2009. Through study and consultation between National Reform and Development Commission (NRDC) and World Bank, and after approval by State Council, 《Shandong Provincial Confucius-Mencius Cultural Heritage Sites Preservation and Construction Project》was incorporated into the document No.1924 [2009] of NRDC and then enlisted on《Alternative Project Planning of Financial Year 2010-2012 for utilizing the loan of World Bank in China》.
The contents of construction for the proposed project mainly include 4 parts, namely: Cultural heritage preservation and presentation; Upgrading of historic city areas and infrastructure; Technical research and community development; Capacity building and project management. The construction sites are concentrated in historic city of Qufu and its surrounding area and historic city of Zoucheng. The total investment of the proposed project will be 884.75 million Yuan RMB with duration of its implementation for 5 years. Through protection, reorganization and upgrading of cultural heritage sites, it will be of profound historic significance and positive contemporary significance in demonstrating great humane spirit of Chinese nation and its contribution to the mankind, enhancing national confidence and centripetal force, rejuvenating coordinated development of local economy and various undertakings, and building up socialism spiritual civilization and material civilization.
In accordance with《The law on Environmental Impact Assessment of the People’s Republic of China》, other relevant laws and requirements of World Bank regarding environment assessment (E.A), this project has to implement environment assessment system. Entrusted by CCLCPC, Shandong Academy of Environmental Science (SAES) has undertaken the work of environmental assessment for this project. After receiving this task, SAES immediately made a working plan according to the E.A requirements, and organized technical staffs to collect a huge amount of basic materials regarding social economy basing upon many field-survey tours, thus has completed the Assessment Report on Environmental Impact of the Project.
During development of this report, our SAES has been accorded a warm guidance and strong support from specialists of World Bank Missions, leaders of various departments at Provincial, Municipal and County-level authorities, as well as domestic experts and colleagues, etc. Therefore, we would like to express our sincere and heartfelt thanks to them all.
Task Team of EIA Project
Jan. 2010
Contents
Preface
1. Summary
1.1 Background of the Project
1.2 Basis of Establishment
1.3 Assessment Purpose and Guiding Ideology
1.4 Environmental Impact Screening………………………………..
1.5 Assessment Scope and Classification
1.6 Main Assessment Methods
1.7 Assessment Key-points
1.8 Assessment Criteria
1.9 Environment Sensitive Protection Target
2. Environmental Baseline Condition
2.1 Natural Environment
2.2 Social Environment
2.3 Cultural Relics
2.4 Current Environment Quality
2.5 The Current Environment Status
3. Project Description
3.1 Project Background and its Significance
3.2Analysis on Compatibility of Project Construction and Relevant Policies
3.3 An Outline of the Proposed Project
3.4 Proposed Project Components and Its Quantity of Engineering Works
3.5 Construction Technology and Programs
3.6 Main Variety of Raw Materials, Quantity and Sources
3.7 Balance of Stone and Earthwork
3.8 Building Demolition and Residents Resettlement
3.9 Construction Schedule
3.10 Population Number Projections
3.11 The Public Infrastructure Conditions
4. Environmental Impacts Assessment
4.1 Environmental Impact Assessment in Construction Period
4.2 Environmental Impact Assessment in Operation Period
4.3 Analysis on Ecological Impact
4.4 Analysis on Social Impact
4.5 Analysis on Overall Quantity Control of Pollutants Emission
4.6 Estimation of Environment Mitigation Measures Investment
5. Assessment of Impact on Cultural Relics
5.1 Cultural Relics identification in the project area
5.2 Cultural Relics Protection and its Current status
5.3 Cultural heritage protection plans and Protection projects
5.4Technical Program of Rehabilitation and Protection and Rationality Analysis
5. 5 Cultural Relics Management & Supervisory Control
5.6 Analysis of Impact on Cultural Relics Protection
5.7 Assessment Conclusion of the Impact on Cultural Relics
6. Technical Argumentation of Environmental Mitigation Measures
6.1 Environmental Mitigation Measures
6.2 Technical Argumentation of Waste water Mitigation Measures
6.3 Technical Argumentation of waste gas Mitigation Measures
6.4 Technical Argumentation of solid waste Mitigation Measures
6.5 Ecological Mitigation Measures and its economic-technical Argumentation
6.6 Technical Argumentation of noise Mitigation Measures
6.7 Social Environment
6.8 Overall assessment
7. Alternative Analysis
7.1 Analysis on With and Without Option
7.2 Comparative analysis of Location Selection
7.3 Comparative Selection of Technical Options of Different Environmental Mitigation measures
8. Environmental management and monitoring plan
8.1 Environmental Management Organizations
8.2 Environmental training plan
8.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan
9. Public Consultation and Information Disclosure
9.1 Purposes and principles
9.2 Information disclosure
9.3 Public consultation
9.4 Conclusions
10. Conclusion
10.1 Conclusion
10.2 Comprehensive Assessment
Accessories：
(1) Engagement Letter；
(2)《The Acknowledged Opinions on Implementation Criteria of Environmental Impact Assessment of Shandong Provincial Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage Sites Preservation and Development Project by using the Loan of World Bank》 issued by Jining Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.
(3)《Alternative Project Plan of Financial Year 2010-2012 for Utilizing the Loan of World Bank in China》issued by NRDC (发改外资[2009] No. 1924)；
(4)《Opinions on Work of Cultural Heritage Preservation for Qufu District》issued by State Administration of Cultural Heritage (SACH) (办预函[2009] No. 12);
(5)《Official Reply to the Proposal for Implementing Shandong Provincial Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage Sites Preservation Project by Utilizing the Loan of World Bank》(鲁发改外资[2010]No.422) ;
(6)《Opinions of Review on Application of Qufu and Zoucheng Cities Cultural Heritage Preservation Project for Utilizing the Loan of World Bank》 issued by Shandong Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau (鲁文物[2010] No. 53);
(7)《Opinions of Examination on Land Use for Shandong Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage Sites Preservation and Development Project》 issued by Jining Municipal Land and Resources Management Bureau (济国土资字[2010] No. 43);
(8)《Opinions on Qufu Project Plan of Shandong Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage Site Preservation Project》 issued by Qufu City Planning Bureau (on 12th. Mar. 2010);
(9)《Descriptions on Zoucheng Sub-project of Shandong Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage Site Preservation》 issued by Zoucheng City Planning Bureau (on 11th. Mar. 2010).
1. Summary
1. Background of the Project
Confucius and Mencius culture has a long history and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad, thus has left over invaluable cultural heritage assets to the people of the whole world. Therefore, it has become the essence of outstanding traditional culture of Chinese civilization. Qufu and Zoucheng are hometown of Confucius and Mencius who are both great philosopher, educator and politician, and are founder and successor of Confucianism school respectively, where is also the important carrier and roots seeking place in succeeding Chinese traditional culture, oriental culture and world civilization at large. However, due to the shortage of funds, backward technical measures and poor management, etc. for many years, meanwhile the two historic cities had experienced setbacks for a long time. Since the environment around the cultural heritage assets is deteriorating, the historic cities are losing their charm, thus causing poorer conditions for physical preservation of cultural relics, and the rich tangible cultural heritage assets are under serious threatening. In order to develop and utilize precious Confucius-Mencius cultural heritage resources appropriately and permanently, to maintain and improve the image of prestigious historic cultural cities as well as to promote the healthy, sustainable development of local social economy, the construction unit--Shandong Provincial Chinese Cultural Landmark City Planning and Construction Office (CCLCPC) would carry out Shandong Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage Sites Preservation and Development Project by Utilizing the Loan of World Bank.
The contents of construction for the proposed project mainly include 4 parts, namely: Cultural heritage preservation and presentation; Upgrading of historic city areas and infrastructure; Technical research and community development; Capacity building and project management. The construction sites are concentrated in historic city of Qufu and its surrounding area and historic city of Zoucheng. The total investment of the proposed project will be 886.475 million Yuan RMB with duration of its implementation for 5 years. Through protection, reorganization and upgrading of cultural heritage sites, it will be of profound historic significance and positive contemporary significance in demonstrating great humane spirit of Chinese nation and its contribution to the mankind, enhancing national confidence and centripetal force, rejuvenating coordinated development of local economy and various undertakings, and building up socialism spiritual civilization and material civilization.
In accordance with《The law on Environmental Impact Assessment of the People’s Republic of China》, other relevant laws and requirements of World Bank regarding environment assessment (EA), this project has to implement Environmental Impact Assessment System according to B Category Project. Entrusted by the Office of CCLCPC, Shandong Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences (SAES) has undertaken the work of environmental assessment for this project. After receiving this task, DIEPSR immediately made a working plan according to the EA requirements, and organized technical staffs to collect a huge amount of basic materials regarding social economy basing upon many field-survey tours, thus has completed the Assessment Report on Environmental Impact of the Project.
2. Basis of Development
This Report was developed in accordance with he laws and regulations on environment impact assessment of the People’s Republic of China as well as requirements for technical documents of World Bank to carry out the environmental impact assessment (EIA). In the process of EIA, it has adopted some document materials as follows:
1.2.1 National Relevant Laws and Regulations
(1)《The Law of Environment Protection of the People’s Republic of China》(Decree of the President No. 22 issued on 26th. Dec. 1989);
(2)《The Law of Water and Soil Conservation of the People’s Republic of China》 (Decree of the President, No. 49 issued on 29th. Jun. 1991);
(3)《The Law for Prevention and Control of Atmosphere Pollution of the People’s Republic of China》(Decree of the President, No. 32 issued on 1st. Sep. 2000);
(4)《The Law for Prevention and Control of Atmosphere Pollution of the People’s Republic of China》(Decree of the President, No. 31 issued on 1st. Apr. 2004);
(5)《The Law for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution of the People’s Republic of China》 (Decree of the President, No. 87 issued on 28th. Feb. 2008);
(6)《The Law for Prevention and Control of Environment Noise Pollution of the People’s Republic of China》 (Decree of the President, No.77 issued on 29th. Oct. 1996);
(7)《The Law for Environmental Impact Assessment of the People’s Republic of China》(Decree of the President, No. 77 issued on 1st. Sep. 2003);
(8)《The Law of Cultural Relics Protection of the People’s Republic of China》(on 29th. Dec. 2007);
(9)《The Regulations for Implementing the Law of Cultural Relics of the People’s Republic of China》 (on 1st. July, 2003);
(10)《The Methods for Management of Engineering Works of Cultural Relics Protection》(on 1st. May, 2003);
(11)《Provisional Measures for Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment》issued by National Environment Protection Bureau, [2006] No. 28；
(12)《The Regulations for Management of Environment Protection of Construction Project》 (Decree of State Council No.253 issued on 10th. Mar. 2005);
(13)《The Guiding Catalogue for Industrial Structure Adjustment (Version in 2005) 》(No. 40 Decree of National Reform and Development Commission (NRDC) issued on 2nd. Dec. 2005);
(14)《The Catalogue for Classifying Management of Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Project》(No.2 Decree of Ministry of Environment Protection，revised on 15th. Aug. 2008);
(15)《Decision of State Council for Several Issues on Environment Protection》 (国发[1996] No. 31);
(16)《The National Program for Ecological Environment Protection》 (国发[2002] No. 38);
(17)《Decision of State Council on Deepening Reform and Enhancing Land Management》 (国发[2004] No. 28);
(18)《Decision of State Council on Implementing the Outlook of Scientific Development and Strengthening Environment Protection》 (国发[2005] No. 39);
(19)《Notice on Strengthening the Management Work of Environmental Impact Assessment and Prevention of Environmental Risk 》 (环发[2005] No. 152);
(20)《Notice of State Council on Print and Issue of the 11th. Five-Year Plan for National Environment Protection》 (国发[2007] No.37);
(21)《Regulations for Classifying Review and Approval on Documents of Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Project》(No.5 Decree, 2009, Ministry of Environment Protection);
(22)《Notice on Strengthening Environment Protection Examination and Approval, and Strictly Controlling Newly Started Construction Project》 (环办函[2006]No. 394);
(23)《The Program of 11th Five Year Plan for National Economy and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China》 (the Year from 2006 to 2010);
(24)《Notice on Printing and Distributing the 11th Five Year Plan for National Ecological Protection》issued by State Administration of Environment Protection (环发[2006] No. 158);
(25)《Notice on Print and Issue of Master Plan of Large Heritage Sites Preservation during 11th. Five- Year Plan Period》issued by National Cultural Relics Administration and Ministry of Finance (Oct. 2008);
1.2.2 Safeguards Policies of World Bank
(1)《World BankOP/BP4.01and its Attached Document, Environment Assessment》;
(2)《World Bank OP4.12 Involuntary Resettlement》;
(3)《World Bank OP4.11 Tangible Culture Resource》.
1.2.3 The Relevant Laws and Regulations of Shandong Province
(1)《Regulations of Shandong Provincial Environment Protection》(No.16 [2001] The Standing Committee of Shandong Provincial People’s Representative Congress);
(2)《Regulations for Water Pollution Prevention and Control in Shandong Province》 (No. 58 [2000] The Standing Committee of Shandong Provincial People’s Representative Congress);
(3)《Regulations for Environmental Acoustics Pollution Prevention and Control in Shandong Province》 (No.16 [2004] The Standing Committee of Shandong Provincial People’s Representative Congress);
(4)《The Measures for Implementing (The Law for Atmosphere Pollution Prevention and Control) in Shandong Province》 (The Standing Committee of Shandong Provincial People’s Representative Congress [2001] No. 70);
(5)《The Measures for Implementing (The Law of Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution Environment) in Shandong Province》 (Issued on 1st. Jan. 2003 by the Standing Committee of Shandong Provincial People’s Representative Congress);
(6)《The Measures for Implementing (The Law for Environmental Impact Assessment Methods of the People’s Republic of China)in Shandong Province》 (No. 67 [2005] The Standing Committee of Shandong Provincial People’s Congress);
(7) 《Management Regulations and Rules of Shandong Provincial Cultural Relics Protection》(Issued on 9th. August 1994 by the Standing Committee of Shandong Provincial People’s Representative Congress);
(8)《Implementation Opinions on Carrying out the Document “国发[2005] NO. 39”to Further Implementing the Outlook of Scientific Development and Strengthening Environment Protection》 (鲁政发 [2006] No. 72);
(9) 《Notice of Shandong Provincial People’s Government on Printing and Distributing the 11th. Five-Year Plan for Environment Protection of Shandong Province》 (鲁政发[2006]No. 82);
(10)《Notice on Enhancing the “Three Simultaneous”Management Work for Environmental Impact Assessment and Construction Project Environment Protection Facilities》 (鲁政办发[2006]No. 60);
(11)《Shandong Provincial Program of the 11th. Five-Year Plan for National Economy and Social Development》(Jan. 2006);
1.2.4 The Relevant Plans
(1)《The 11th Five-Year Plan for Environment Protection of Shandong Province》issued by Shandong Provincial People’s Government (Aug. 2006);
(2)《Special Plan for Cultural Industry Development in Shandong Province (2007－2015)》(approved by Shandong Provincial People’s Government on 19th. Jan. 2008);
(3)《Jining Municipal Urban Master Plan (2008-2030)》(approved by Shandong Provincial People’s Government on 20th. May 2009);
(4)《Jining Municipal Tourism Development Master Plan》(approved by Jining Municipal People’s Government on 12th. Sep. 2006);
(5)《Qufu City Urban Development Master Plan (2003-2020)》(approved by Shandong Provincial People’s Government)；
(6)《Zoucheng City Urban Development Master Plan (2005-2020)》(approved by Shandong Provincial People’s Government)；
(7)《Master Plan for Qufu Area Cultural Heritage Preservation (from 2010 to 2030)》；
(8) 《The Detailed Plan for Controlling Development of Historic City of Qufu》(approved by Qufu People’s Government，Dec. 2006);
(9)《Protection Plan for Famous Historic Cultural City of Zoucheng (2008-2030)》;
(10) 《Protection Plan of Large Ruin of Lu Historic City》 (still under development, not yet reviewed and finalized).
1.2.5 Technical Specifications
(1)《Technical Guidance and Principles on Environmental Impact Assessment--- Summary》(HJ/T2.1－93)；
(2)《Technical Guidance and Principles on Environmental Impact Assessment---Atmosphere Environment》(HJ2.2－2008);
(3)《Technical Guidance and Principles on Environmental Impact Assessment---Ground Water Environment》(HJ/T2.3－93);
(4)《Technical Guidance and Principles on Environmental Impact Assessment--- Acoustics Environment》(HJ/T2.4-95)；
(5)《Technical Guidance and Principles on Environmental Impact Assessment--- None Pollution Ecological Impact》(HJ/T19-1997)；
(6)《Technical Specifications of Water and Soil Conservation Program for Development and Construction Project》(SL204-98);
(7)《Technical Specifications of Water and Soil Conservation Program for Comprehensive Control and Management》(SL/T16455-96);
(8)《Technical Specifications of Maintenance and Consolidation for Wooden Structure of Historic Architectures》(GB50165-92);
(9)《Convention on Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage》(16th, November 1972);
(10) Operation Guidelines of《Convention on Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage》(WHC.08/01).
1.2.6 Relevant Documents of Construction Project
(1) Engagement Letter；
(2)《Feasibility Study Report on Shandong Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage Sites Preservation and Development Project》 developed by Guizhou Provincial Construction and Design Institute;
(3) Aide Memoire on China - Shandong Provincial Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage Sites Preservation and Development Project developed by World Bank Mission;
(4)《The Acknowledged Opinions on Implementation Criteria of Environmental Impact Assessment of Shandong Provincial Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage Sites Preservation and Development Project by using the Loan of World Bank》 issued by Jining Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.
(5)《Alternative Project Plan of Financial Year 2010-2012 for Utilizing the Loan of World Bank in China》issued by NRDC (发改外资[2009] No. 1924)；
(6)《Opinions on Work of Cultural Heritage Preservation for Qufu District》issued by State Administration of Cultural Heritage (SACH) (办预函[2009] No. 12);
(7)《Official Reply to the Proposal for Implementing Shandong Provincial Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage Sites Preservation Project by Utilizing the Loan of World Bank》(鲁发改外资[2010]No.422) ;
(8)《Opinions of Review on Application of Qufu and Zoucheng Cities Cultural Heritage Preservation Project for Utilizing the Loan of World Bank》 issued by Shandong Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau (鲁文物[2010] No. 53);
(9)《Opinions of Examination on Land Use for Shandong Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage Sites Preservation and Development Project》 issued by Jining Municipal Land and Resources Management Bureau (济国土资字[2010] No. 43);
(10)《Opinions on Qufu Project Plan of Shandong Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage Site Preservation Project》 issued by Qufu City Planning Bureau (on 12th. Mar. 2010);
(11)《Descriptions on Zoucheng Sub-project of Shandong Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage Site Preservation》 issued by Zoucheng City Planning Bureau (on 11th. Mar. 2010).
1.3 Assessment Purpose and Guiding Ideology
1.3.1 Assessment Purpose
(1) To make analysis and argumentation on the existing relationship between project construction and environment protection from macro angles basing upon the detailed analysis and identification of the construction contents within the project area, revealing its potential environmental issues, working out appropriate solution and stipulating precaution and control measures, and proposing environmental management plan (EMP) and monitoring program for the project, so as to meet the purpose of coordinated development between project construction and environment protection.
(2) Offer reasonable advice and measures by analyzing the interconnection and compatibility between project construction, local environment protection and the safeguards of cultural relics.
(3) To analyze and find out the social and environmental issues affecting cultural heritage protection from regional aspects and levels, so as to put forward measures and suggestions for mitigation and elimination of these impacts.
(4) Through the comparison and selection of schemes, survey analysis on current environment situation, identification of environmental impact, public participation and consultancy as well as other assessment methods of environmental impact, etc., to identify the much more improved design and preparation schemes of the project, so as to provide strong evidence and basis to the responsible decision-making authorities, and accumulate relevant experience and play a role of exploration and demonstration around the world.
1.3.2 Guiding Ideology
The proposed project is for the preservation of cultural heritage assets by utilizing the loan of World Bank and during its construction, some of its sub-projects would involve the World Heritage Sites and Cultural Relic Units, which are under National, Provincial and Municipal levels’ protection. Therefore, its implementation has to be carried out under the guidance of relevant plans of State Administration of Cultural Heritage (SACH) and local Cultural Relic Bureaus, and plans of NDRC on utilizing the loan of World Bank as well as several protection and development plans of the local government administrations. In view of environment protection of cultural heritage sites surrounding the project and basing upon the argumentation about compatibility of project construction and relevant plan, this assessment has analyzed the key elements of the impact on regional environment produced by the project construction, and has made analysis on the scope and degree of the impact. It has also made a sufficient identification on the rationality of construction content and program, and of implementation methods, etc. in order to realize the protection of cultural heritage and enhance the local environment quality. As a result, some practical measures targeting on environment protection have been proposed; The assessment methods are required to be scientific, precise and practical, and analysis and argumentation are required to be objective and fair, and E.P measures and suggestions proposed need to be of pertinence and operability; Under preconditions ensuring the quality of E.A Report, it has tried to minimize the assessment cycle as much as possible.
1.4 Environmental Impact Screening
1.4.1 Briefings on Environmental Impact during the Construction
1.4.1.1 Water Environmental Impact
During the construction, the main target of water environmental impact is the ground water, the major source of pollution includes:
(1)The waste water of production generated during process of construction.
(2)The waster water of life generated from temporary living facilities.
(3)The ground runoff generated from construction site during rainy season.
1.4.1.2 Atmosphere Environmental Impact
During the construction, the main target of environmental impact of atmosphere is the atmospheric environment quality of sensitive spots inside and outside the construction area of the project, the major source of pollution includes:
(1) Raising dust caused by vehicle transport.
(2) Raising dust caused by machines in the process of building construction.
(3)Raising dust caused by ground turbulence in the construction site.
(4) Exhaust gas generated by construction machines and tail gas of construction vehicles.
(5)Waste gas generated from process of decorative color painting maintenance and building decoration and furnishing.
1.4.1.3 Noise
During the construction, the main target of environmental impact of acoustics is the acoustic environment quality of some key sensitive spots inside and outside the construction area of the project, and on two sides of traffic roads, the major source of pollution includes:
(1) Noise of traffic and transportation;
(2) Noise of construction machinery;
(3) Vibration (fixed source and mobile source).
1.4.1.4 Solid Waste
The source of solid waste during the construction includes:
(1) Domestic garbage generated from construction workers participating in various engineering works；
(2) Construction garbage generated in the process of various kind of building construction, such as packing bags, left-over bits and pieces of construction materials, abandoned dregs and waste earth；
(3) Sediment sludge generated from construction and engineering works in harnessing the river course and Gupan Pond.
1.4.1.5 Ecological Impact
During construction, the ecology will be influenced by some factors mainly as follows:
(1) The vegetation of land area occupied permanently or temporarily will be all affected to some extent;
(2) The impact on animal habitat due to construction activities；
(3) Water and soils erosion caused in the process of construction.
1.4.1.6 Social Impact
Social impact during the construction is mainly as follows:
(1) The social impact on region caused by land acquisition and residents resettlement for the construction of the project;
(2) The social impact generated in the process of construction activities.
1.4.1.7 Cultural Relics Protection
(1) Impact on physical cultural relics and external environment in the process of its rehabilitation and preservation;
(2) Impact on physical cultural relics generated in the process of external construction activities.
1.4.2 Description on Environmental Impact during Operation
1.4.2.1 Water Environmental Impact
During operation, the main target of environmental impact is the project area and its surrounding ground water area. The main pollution source is the domestic waste water generated by mobile population, managing staffs and local residents.
1.4.2.2 Atmospheric Environmental Impact
During operation, the main target of environmental impact is the atmospheric environmental quality within the scope of project area. The main pollution source is the tail gas of vehicles and lampblack of commercial restaurant and cafeteria.
1.4.2.3 Acoustics Environmental Impact
During operation, the main noise source of acoustics environment impact is as follows:
(1) Noise of driving vehicles;
(2) Noise of social life generated by mobile population and daily life activities of local residents;
(3) Noise of operating pumps from waste water treatment station and blower machines;
(4) Vibration (fixed source and mobile source).
1.4.2.4 Solid Waste
During operation, the main source of solid waste generated is as follows:
(1) Domestic garbage generated by mobile population, managing staffs and local residents within various cultural relics protection units;
(2) Sludge generated by waste water treatment station.
1.4.2.5 Ecological Impact
During operation, the main target of ecological impact is as follows:
(1) Impact on local ecology generated by mobile population activities；
(2) Beneficial ecological impact by enhancing trees plantation, landscaping, slope reinforcement engineering works and other mitigation measures.
1.4.2.6 Social Impact
During operation, the main social impact is as follows:
(1)The social impact on region generated by upgrading of street blocks and infrastructure construction;
(2)The social impact generated by development activities and capacity building.
1.4.2.7 Cultural Relics Protection
During operation, the impact on physical cultural heritage is generated by mobile population and local residents.
The detailed identification outcome of environmental impact for environment assessment of the proposed project is seen in the following Table 1.4-1:
Table1.4-1 an Outline of Assessment Indicators and Identification Outcome on Environmental Impact of the Proposed Project
| Category of |Impact Factors |Impact Determinants |Impact Nature |
|Impact | | | |
| | | |direct |accumulate |Long Term|
|Social Impact |Energy & Using Methods |Centralized Heat (gas) Supply |√ | | |
| |Industrial Structure |The composition of the first, the | | |√ |
| | |second and the third industry | | | |
| |Traffic & transportation |Density of road networks | | |√ |
| |Land use |Land development & use |√ | | |
| |Quality of resettlement and |Resettlement residents |√ | | |
| |residents living | | | | |
| | |average income of residents | | |√ |
| | |average floor space of residents |√ | | |
| | |average public green area of local |√ | | |
| | |people | | | |
| |Regional landscaping |diversity |√ | | |
| | |coordination | |√ | |
| | |vitality | | |√ |
| |Regional economy development |per capita GDP | | |√ |
| |Population structure |population density |√ | | |
| |Cultural relics |Culture relics protection |√ | | |
|Natural Impact |Water Environment |Ground water |√ | | |
| | |Underground water |√ | | |
| | |Rate of water and soil erosion |√ | | |
| |Air environment |Atmospheric quality | | |√ |
| |Acoustics environment |Noise in the project area | | |√ |
| | |Traffic noise |√ | | |
| |Ecology |Coverage rate of greenery |√ | | |
| |Solid waste |Comprehensive use and disposal of solid|√ | | |
| | |waste | | | |
1.4.3Assessment Factor Screening
The defined outcome of environmental impact assessment factors and projection determinants is seen in Table 1.4-2 as follows:
Table1.4-2 an Outline of Assessment Determinants
|Environment Category|Current Status Monitoring and Assessment Determinants |Projection Determinants |
|Environment |PM10, SO2, NO2 |- |
|Atmosphere | | |
|Ground Water |CODcr, ammonia nitrogen |- |
|Environment | | |
|Underground Water |pH, overall hardness, soluble overall solid body, sulphate, chloride matter, |- |
|Environment |sodium permanganate index, NO3-N, NO2-N, NH3-N, fluoride, total coliform groups | |
|Acoustics |Leq (A) |Leq (A) |
|Environment | | |
|Ecological Impact |Pattern of ecological system, status of land use, characteristic of vegetation, |Biology quantity, water |
| |diversity of biology, water and soil erosion and landscape |and soil erosion, |
| | |ecological system, land |
| | |use, vegetation & biology |
| | |quantity, landscape, |
| | |etc |
|Social Impact |Public utility construction, employment opportunity, public life quality and |- |
| |consciousness for environment protection by all people | |
|Cultural Relics |Integrity of physical body of cultural relics and its environment, authenticity |- |
|Protection |of physical body of cultural relics, continuity of physical body of cultural | |
| |relics | |
1.5 Assessment Scope and Grade
The construction contents of the proposed project mainly are located at Qufu and Zoucheng. Qufu construction area mainly includes the historic cities of Ming and Lu, Confucius Cemetery, Nishan Mountain (or namely Mount Ni) and Si River-Zhushui River-moat of Ming Historic City, (which flows through Gupan Pond) then to the surrounding area of diverting engineering works of Yi River course; Zoucheng construction area mainly includes Zoucheng Historic city area, Mencius Cemetery and Xiwei Reservoir - then to the surrounding area of diverting engineering works of Yinli River. According to the requirements of 《Technical Guidance and Principles of Environmental Impact Assessment》, and characteristics of geographical location, environmental status, quantity of discharged pollutants as well as variety of pollutants, etc in the project location, it will define the scope and grade of environmental impact assessment for the proposed project. Its detailed information is seen in the Table 1.5-1 as follows:
Table1.5-1 the Scope and Grade for Environmental Impact Assessment
|Factors |Scope of Assessment |Evidence and Basis for Identifying Grade |Grade |
|Environment |Ming Historic City, |During construction, the major source of pollution is the raising dust of |Impact |
|Atmosphere |Lu Historic City, |machinery, tail gas of vehicle and waste gas of building maintenance, |Analysis |
| |Confucius Cemetery, |decoration and furnishing. During operation, it will adopt centralized | |
| |Nishan Mountain, |heat and gas supply systems. The pollution source of air pollution will | |
| |Zoucheng Historic |mainly originate from tail gas of vehicles in the project area. It will | |
| |City Area, Mencius |bring minor impact to the surrounding environment and atmosphere. In | |
| |Cemetery, extending |addition,waste gas will be produced during the process of decoration and | |
| |1000ms outward from|fitment and oil decorative painting. | |
| |each sub-project | | |
| |area, and in the | | |
| |scope of 200ms on | | |
| |two sides of | | |
| |diverting | | |
| |engineering works of| | |
| |river course | | |
|Ground water |Diverting works of |During construction, main source of pollution originates from waste water |Impact |
| |river course, waste |of construction and life of workers. After getting treatment, the treated |Analysis |
| |water treatment, |water will be all reused. After starting diverting works, the waste water | |
| |construction of |of river course will all be sent to Urban Sewage Treatment Plant (USTP) | |
| |water supply and |for treatment; During operation, waste water generated mainly from daily | |
| |discharge facilities|life of workers will also be collected and sent to USTP plant for | |
| |and related ground |treatment. (Waste water of Mount Ni project area will be all treated and | |
| |surface water body |reused locally), so it will give minor impact to the surrounding | |
| | |environment. | |
|Under ground water|Scope of each |The pollution source that may pollute underground water of this project is|Impact |
| |project area and its|mainly the domestic waste water and garbage. It can be efficiently treated|Analysis |
| |surrounding 1km area|and will actually cause only minor impact on the local area. | |
|Noise |All project areas, |Noise pollution is divided into two periods, that of construction and that|Impact |
| |and traffic roads |of operation. During construction, the scope of its impact is mainly at |Analysis |
| |in each project area|few residential blocks in the project area, with shorter time of impact. | |
| | |Following the ending of construction, the impact will vanish. During | |
| | |operation, it will be mainly the traffic noise, and recreational noise, | |
| | |that have impact on the residents nearby. | |
|Ecology |Extending 500ms |Feature-of |It is mainly artificial vegetation. |Impact |
| |outward from each |ecological | |Analysis |
| |project area |environment | | |
| | |Sensitivity degree|It is in general conditions, no distribution of | |
| | |of ecological |precious and rare species in extinct, but has many | |
| | |environment |cultural relic protection units. | |
|Social Impact |Public utility |After completion of the project, the public utility infrastructure will be|Impact |
| |construction, the |comprehensively improved, the living standard of the public will be |Analysis |
| |public life quality,|heightened, and then, it will further promote development of the local | |
| |and economic |economy. | |
| |development | | |
|Cultural Relics |Cultural Relics |This project is for the cultural heritage preservation and development, |Impact |
|Preservation |preservation scope |and is helpful for the integrity, authenticity and continuity of the |Analysis |
| |and construction |cultural relics. | |
| |control area. | | |
1.6 The Main Methods of Assessment
Table 1.6-1 an Outline of Main Methods for Environmental Impact Assessment
|The Links of |Name of the Methods |Suited Target |
|Assessment | | |
|Alternative Program |Method of Check-up |Recommendation Scheme & Alternative Scheme (including zero Scheme) Comparison |
| |Table | |
| |Comparison method |Optimizing and Screening of Construction Scheme for Infrastructure |
| |Consultancy of the |Analysis on Relatively Strong Professional Key Links |
| |Specialist | |
|Survey & Analysis on |Collecting Materials |Basic Data on Regional Environment and Social Economy |
|the Environment Status| | |
| |On-sites Investigation |Conditions of Ecology, Water Environment, Acoustics Environment and Atmospheric|
| | |Environment |
|Identification of the |Matrix Methods |Environmental Impact Identification and Assessment Determinants Screening |
|Project Environmental | |Process |
|Impact | | |
| |Consulting by |Cultural Relics Impact Analysis |
| |Specialist | |
|Public Participation &|Information Publication|For the first consultancy, a copy of summarized material including the proposed|
|Consultation | |project objectives, contents and its potential impact, as well as an overall |
| | |scheme has to be provided; At consultancy after completing the draft report of |
| | |environmental impact, a copy of Summary on Environmental Impact Draft Report |
| | |and Environment Assessment Conclusion has to be provided. |
| |Argumentation Meeting |Project Construction Scheme and Environmental Assessment Outcome and other |
| | |Materials |
| |Consulting by |Analysis on Key Links of Relatively Strong Professional Environmental Elements|
| |Specialist |(Factors) |
| |Questionnaire Survey |Environmental Issues, which are concerned widely by impacted groups of people |
| | |and non-government organizations |
1.7 Assessment Priority
According to the survey on current environmental situation in the project area, project contents analysis and outcome of environment determinants screening, and basing upon the analysis on project engineering works, it has defined that the assessment priority of this environmental assessment is on the cultural relics impact assessment, environmental mitigation measures and its technical and economic argumentation, as well as environmental management and monitoring plan.
1.8 Assessment Criteria
The main basis of criteria for present environmental impact assessment is the document:《The Acknowledged Opinions on Implementation Criteria of Environmental Impact Assessment of Shandong Provincial Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage Sites Preservation and Development Project by using the Loan of World Bank》 issued by Jining Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau. It is seen as follows:
1.8.1 Environmental Quality Criteria
(1) According to the zoning of environment functions, for the ambient air, it should implement the criteria of Grade I and Grade II of《Criteria of Ambient Air Quality》respectively (GB3095-1996);
(2) According to the zoning of environment functions, for the ground water, it should implement the criteria of Category III and IV of《Criteria of Ground Water Environment Quality》respectively (GB3838-2002);
(3) According to the zoning of environment functions, for the underground water, it should implement criteria of Category III of 《Criteria of Underground Water Quality》(GB/T14848-93);
(4) According to the zoning of environment functions, for the acoustics environment, it should implement criteria of Category I and II of the《Criteria of Acoustics Environment Quality》respectively (GB3096-2008).
1.8.2 Criteria of Pollutants Emission
(1) In case of the waste gas, it has to implement criteria of Grade I and Grade II criteria in Table 2 of《Criteria of Atmospheric Pollutants Comprehensive Emission Quality》(GB16297-1996) and《Criteria of Catering Trade Lampblack Emission》(DB37/597-2006) respectively;
(2) In case of the waste water effluent into the sewage plant for treatment, it has to implement the《Criteria on Quality of Waste Water Effluent into the Urban Sewage Pipeline》(CJ3082-1999), meanwhile it should also meet the requirements of water quality for entering into sewage plant; For the directly and externally discharged waste water, it should implement the《Criteria on Comprehensive Discharge of Water Pollutants along the Waterway of Diverting Water from the South to the North Project in Shandong Province》(DB37/599-2006) and criteria of ordinary preservation area, as well as the local requirements in Qufu and Zoucheng Cities;
(3) For the Construction Noise, it will implement criteria of 《Limit Value of Noise of Building Construction Sites》(GB12523-1990); During the operation, for the noise, it should implement criteria of Category I and II of the《Criteria of Noise Emission of Social Life Environment》(GB22337-2008) respectively.
(4) For the solid waste, it will implement the《Criteria on Pollution Control of Storage and Disposal Ground for General Industrial Solid Waste》(GB18599-2001).
1.9 Environment Protection Target
The construction scope of the proposed project is relatively large, and includes Qufu and Zoucheng. The environment protection target includes: schools, hospitals, small residential blocks and cultural relics protection units, etc., which are within the scope of assessment.
（1）Confucius Cultural Heritage protection project mainly involved Confucius Temple and Mansion、Confucius Cemetery and Mt. Ni, Contents of Construction mainly involved ancient architecture protection and rehabilitation, stone carving & tablets protection & traditional pavement surface protction, anticnt trees protection, back garden protection & rehabilitation, Raw stone retaining slope，etc. Ancient architecture maintenance & rehabilitation, traditional pavement surface protection, back garden protection & rehabilitation, etc.construction is limited to the construction site,The work will be mainly manual work.The use of machinery is extremely rare.Heritage themselves are mainly affected by outside influence,Environment protection targets are also limited to the heritages themselves. Major protection targets of Confucius Cultural Heritage protection project are shown in Table1.9-1,and Maps 1.9-1,1.9-2.
Table1.9-1 an Outline of Major Protection Targets of Confucius Cultural Heritage protection project
|1 |Cultural Relics Protection Units |
|No. |Name |Location |Protection Level |
| | | | |
| | | | |
|1.1 |Confucius Temple and |Within Ming Historic City |National Level (The first patch in |
| |Mansion | |1961)，World Cultural Heritage |
|1.2 |Confucius Cemetery |North Part of Lu Historic City | |
|1.3 |Ming Historic City |Within Ming Historic City |Jining Municipal Level (The second patch in |
| | | |2000) |
|1.4 |Location of military |Within Confucius Cemetery |Shandong Provincial Level（the first patch |
| |meeting hosted by Mr. Zhu | |in 1977） |
| |De, Commander-in –chief of| | |
| |PLA | | |
|1.5 |Nishan Buildings Complex |Mount Ni |National Level (The sixth patch in 2006) |
|1.6 |Heritage Site of Confucius|Near the Confucius Cave Village of Nishan |Qufu City Level (The first patch in 1986) |
| |Cave |Township | |
（2）Historic Ming City Cultural Heritage Protection project mainly involved Old 10 Mansion、4-Mansion and Former County Government. Contents of Construction mainly involved ancient architecture protection and rehabilitation, courtyard protection. In addition,the project will protect Arch Gate Restoration, stone carving & tablets, anticnt wells and trees in Historic Ming City. Construction is limited to the construction site,The work will be mainly manual work.The use of machinery is extremely rare.Heritage themselves are mainly affected by outside influence,Environment protection targets are also limited to the heritages themselves. Major protection targets of Historic Ming City Cultural Heritage Protection project are shown in Table1.9-2,and Maps 1.9-1.
Table1.9-2 an Outline of Major Protection Targets of Historic Ming City Cultural Heritage Protection project
|1 |Cultural Relics Protection Units |
|No. |Name |Location |Protection Level |
| | | | |
| | | | |
|1.1 |Ming Historic City |Within Ming Historic City |Jining Municipal Level (The second patch in |
| | | |2000) |
| | | |Qufu City Level (The first patch in 1986) |
|1.2 |Former County Government. |Within Ming Historic City | |
| |Building of Qufu | | |
|1.3 |The Old Residential |Same as Above |Qufu City Level (The first patch in 1986) |
| |building of Kong Guangsen | | |
|1.4 |The Old Four Mansion |Same as Above |Not yet designated |
（3）Lu Historic City is a more open environment of space, there are villages and farming in the region of Heritage Protection and Display project. Contents of Construction mainly involved Construction or renovation of road landscape facilities of main pass,small Rd. and blank pass or landing stage or bridge,city wall protection,wall ditch protection, stone carving & tablets, constrution of tourists service facilities of rest area,public toiletand bargage sorting bins. Among them, Construction of city wall protection,wall ditch protection, stone carving & tablets is limited to the construction site,The work will be mainly manual work.The use of machinery is extremely rare.Heritage themselves are mainly affected by outside influence,Environment protection targets are also limited to the heritages themselves. Construction of road landscape facilities and tourists service facilities will influence the targets of the surrounding villages and ancient relics.Major protection targets of Lu Historic City Cultural Heritage Preservation and Display project are shown in Table1.9-3,and Maps 1.9-1.
Table1.9-3 an Outline of Major Protection Targets of Lu Historic City Cultural Heritage Preservation and Display project
|1 |Cultural Relics Protection Units |
|No. |Name |Location |Protection Level |
| | | | |
| | | | |
|1.1 |Qufu Lu State Historic |Lu Historic City |National Level (the first patch in 1961) |
| |City | | |
|1.2 |Zhou Gong Temple |within Lu Historic City |Shandong Provincial Level（the first patch |
| | | |in 1977） |
|1.3 |Ancient Tomb of |Lu Historic City |Qufu City Level (The first patch in 1986) |
| |West Yan Forest | | |
|1.4 |Ancient Tomb of |Lu Historic City |Qufu City Level (The first patch in 1986) |
| |Wu Quan Village | | |
|2 |Rivers |
|No. |Name |Location |Function of Water Body |
|2.1 |Zhushui River |Lu Historic |Landscape River Flow |
| | |City | |
|3 |Village and Residential Area |
|No. |Name |Location |Household (No.） |Population（No.） |
|4.1 |Office of Lu Historic City|Ming & Lu Historic Cities |6000 |2.1万 |
| |Street Block | | | |
|4.2 |Linqian Village |Lu Historic City |220 |800 |
|4.3 |Shengguosi Village |Lu Historic City |240 |850 |
|4.4 |Wuquan Village |Lu Historic City |120 |420 |
|4.5 |Gucheng Village |Lu Historic City |320 |1120 |
（4）Mencius Cultural Heritage Comprehensive Preservation project mainly involved Mencius Mansion,Mencius Temple and Mencius Cemetery(as well as Xihantou village). Contents of Construction mainly involved ancient architecture protection and rehabilitation, stone carving & tablets protection & traditional pavement surface protction, anticnt trees protection, fire prevention pass in the woods,cemetery border maintenance. Construction is limited to the construction site,The work will be mainly manual work.The use of machinery is extremely rare.Heritage themselves are mainly affected by outside influence,Environment protection targets are also limited to the heritages themselves. Construction of tourist service centre,parking lot,comprehensive renovation on east side of immortal pass of Mencius cemetery are located at Xishantou village,will influence the residents nearby. Major protection targets of Mencius Cultural Heritage Comprehensive Preservation project are shown in Table1.9-4,and Maps 1.9-3.
Table1.9-4 an Outline of Major Protection Targets of Mencius Cultural Heritage Comprehensive Preservation project
|1 |Cultural Relics Protection Unit |
|No. |Name |Location |Protection Level |
|1.1 |Mencius Mansion |Historic City Area |National level (The third patch in 1988 ) |
|1.2 |Mencius Temple | | |
|1.3 |Mencius |Confucius Cemetery |National Level (The sixth patch in 2006) |
| |Cemetery | | |
|2 |Village and Residential Area |
| |Name |Location |Population（No.） |Population（No.） |
|2.1 |Xishantou Village |South Part of Mencius |450 |1600 |
| | |Cemetery | | |
（5）Contents of Construction of Ming Historic City Upgrading & renewal project mainly involved Historic Street Block Upgrading & renewal, Urban Infrastructure Upgrading in East Urban Area of road, water supply, fire proof facilities, drainage facilities, power facilities, fuel gas, heating supply, environment sanitation facilities, etc.The project mainly affect the ancient relics and residents nearby the Street Block and pipeline engineering. Major protection targets of Ming Historic City Upgrading & renewal project are shown in Table1.9-5,and Maps 1.9-4.
Table1.9-5 an Outline of Major Protection Targets of Ming Historic City Upgrading & renewal project
|1 |Cultural Relics Protection Units |
|No. |Name |Location |Protection Level |
| | | | |
| | | | |
|1.1 |Confucius Temple and |Within Ming Historic City |National Level (The first patch in |
| |Mansion | |1961)，World Cultural Heritage |
|1.2 |Confucius Cemetery |North Part of Lu Historic City | |
|1.3 |Yan Temple |Within Ming Historic City |National Level (The fifth patch in 2002) |
|1.4 |Ming Historic City |Within Ming Historic City |Jining Municipal Level (The second patch in |
| | | |2000) |
|1.5 |The Old Residential |Same as Above |Qufu City Level (The first patch in 1986) |
| |building of Kong Guangsen | | |
|1.6 |The Old Four Mansion |Same as Above |Not yet designated |
|1.7 |Gupan Pond |Same as Above |Qufu City Level (The first patch in 1986) |
|1.8 |North 10 Mansion |Same as Above |Same as above |
|1.9 |West 5 Mansion |Same as Above |Same as above |
|1.10 |12 Mansion |Same as Above |Same as above |
|1.11 |Qufu Auditorium and |Same as Above |Shandong Provincial Level (The third patch |
| |Teaching Building | |in 2006) |
| |including Exam. Hall | | |
|2 |Hospitals |
|No.号 |Name |location |Beds Number of |Staff Number people |
| | | |BedsBeds | |
|2.1 |The Second People’s |South-eastern Corner of Ming Historic City |120 |200 |
| |Hospital | | | |
|3 |Rivers |
| |Name |Location |Function of Water Body |
|3.1 |Moat |Ming Historic |Landscape River flow |
| | |City | |
|4 |Village and Residential Area |
| |Name |Location |Household (No.） |Population（No.） |
|4.1 |Office of Lu Historic City|Ming & Lu Historic Cities |6000 |2.1万 |
| |Street Block | | | |
|5 |School |
| |Name |Location |Students No. |
|5.1 |Jining Institute |Ming Historic City |800 |
（6）Lu Historic City and Ming Historic City Environment Improvement,River Course Rehabilitation project mainly involved 3-Stage Water System. Contents of Construction mainly involved Rubber dam engineering works, water diverting pipe engineering works, water diverting engineering works, construction traffic engineering works, road, landscaping facilities and sanitation facilities, Gu Pan Pond Water inlet and outlet works, Gu Pan Pond rehabilitation, roads, parks architecture & landscaping, environment sanitation facilities. The project mainly affect the ancient relics,villages and residents on 2-banks of the river.Major protection targets of Lu Historic City and Ming Historic City Environment Improvement,River Course Rehabilitation project are shown in Table1.9-6,and Maps 1.9-5.
Table1.9-6 an Outline of Major Protection Targets of Lu Historic City and Ming Historic City Environment Improvement,River Course Rehabilitation project
|1 |Cultural Relics Protection Units |
|No. |Name |Location |Protection Level |
| | | | |
| | | | |
|1.1 |Confucius Cemetery |North Part of Lu Historic City |National Level (The first patch in |
| | | |1961)，World Cultural Heritage |
|1.2 |Ming Historic City |Within Ming Historic City |Jining Municipal Level (The second patch in |
| | | |2000) |
|1.3 |Gupan Pond |Same as Above |Qufu City Level (The first patch in 1986) |
|1.4 |Qufu Lu State Historic |Lu Historic City |National Level (the first patch in 1961) |
| |City | | |
|2 |Rivers |
|No. |Name |Location |Function of Water Body |
|2.1 |Moat |Ming Historic |Landscape River flow |
| | |City | |
|2.2 |Zhushui River |Lu Historic |Landscape River Flow |
| | |City | |
|2.3 |Si River |North Part of |Irrigation,Sewage |
| | |Qufu | |
|3 |Village and Residential Area |
| |Name |Location |Household (No.） |Population（No.） |
|3.1 |Office of Lu Historic City|Ming & Lu Historic Cities |6000 |2.1万 |
| |Street Block | | | |
|3.2 |Linqian Village |Lu Historic City |220 |800 |
|3.3 |Shengguosi Village |Lu Historic City |240 |850 |
|3.4 |Wuquan Village |Lu Historic City |120 |420 |
|3.5 |Gucheng Village |Lu Historic City |320 |1120 |
（7）Contents of Construction of Zoucheng Historic City Upgrading & renewal project mainly involved Historic Street Block Upgrading & renewal, Urban Infrastructure Upgrading in East Urban Area of road, water supply, fire proof facilities, drainage facilities, power facilities, fuel gas, heating supply, environment sanitation facilities, etc.The project mainly affect the ancient relics and residents nearby the Street Block and pipeline engineering. Major protection targets of Ming Historic City Upgrading & renewal project are shown in Table1.9-7,and Maps 1.9-6.
Table1.9-7 an Outline of Major Protection Targets of Zoucheng Historic City Upgrading & renewal project
|1 |Cultural Relics Protection Unit |
|No. |Name |Location |Protection Level |
|1.1 |Mencius Mansion |Historic City Area |National level (The third patch in 1988 ) |
|1.2 |Mencius Temple | | |
|2 |Village and Residential Area |
| |Name |Location |Population（No.） |Population（No.） |
|2.1 |Nanguan Community |Historic City |5500 |19000 |
|3 |School |
| |Name |Location |No. of Students |
|3.1 |Mencius Primary School |South Part of Historic City Area |2100 |
|3.2 |No.5 Middle School |East Part of Historic City Area |2000 |
| |of Zoucheng | | |
（8）Zoucheng Historic City Environment Improvement and River Course Rehabilitation project mainly involved river course harnessing, construction of landscaping bridge and pedestrian Rd. on river sides, water supply, drainage facilities, power facilities, fuel gas, heating supply, environment sanitation facilities, etc. The project mainly affect the ancient relics,villages and residents on 2-banks of the river and pipeline engineering..Major protection targets of Zoucheng Historic City Environment Improvement and River Course Rehabilitation project are shown in Table1.9-8,and Maps 1.9-3.
Table1.9-8 an Outline of Major Protection Targets of Zoucheng Historic City Environment Improvement and River Course Rehabilitation project
|1 |Cultural Relics Protection Unit |
|No. |Name |Location |Protection Level |
|1.1 |Mencius Mansion |Historic City Area |National level (The third patch in 1988 ) |
|1.2 |Mencius Temple | | |
|2 |Hospital |
| |Name |Location |No. of Beds |Population (No.) |
|2.1 |Zoucheng City People’s |North east part of |700 |1100 |
| |Hospital |historic city Area | | |
|3 |River |
| |Name |Location |Function of Water Body |
|3.1 |Yinli River |Historic City Area |Landscape Water Body |
|4 |Village and Residential Area |
| |Name |Location |Population（No.） |Population（No.） |
|4.1 |Nanguan Community |Historic City |5500 |19000 |
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[pic]
2. Environmental Baseline Condition
The engineering works as a hardware part of the proposed project is mainly located in the historic cities of both Qufu and Zoucheng and their surrounding areas, while Confucius-Mencius Digital Information System as the software part of the proposed project will be established by Jining Municipality. Both Qufu and Zoucheng cities are under the jurisdiction of Jining Municipality, Shandong province. This assessment will give a brief description on environment situation in Shandong Province and Jinning Municipality, and afterwards, it will give a more detailed introduction about the natural environment and social environment in both Qufu and Zoucheng cities. Since it belongs to the cultural heritage sites preservation project, finally this Chapter will give a detailed introduction about cultural heritage preservation plan and preservation conditions of the project areas. Then, it tries to have an understanding about environmental quality conditions of the project construction site basing upon the environment monitoring. After clarifying the current environment status of each sub-project construction site and status of pollution source emission, it has put forward rational environmental mitigation measures.
The distribution of geographical location of proposed project can be seen in Figure 2.1-1.
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2.1 Briefings about Shandong Province and Jining Municipality
Shandong Province is situated at 34°22.9’～38°24.01’N and 114°47.5’～ 122°42.3’E, consisting of two major parts: the eastern peninsula and western inland areas. The longest distance within its territory is 420kms from south to north and 700kms from east to west. It covers a total area 157,100 Square km, accounting for 1.64% of the total in China and ranking 19th throughout the whole country. Shandong Province is located in the eastern coastal area of China, at lower reaches of the Yellow River and mid-north section of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Cannel, with Jinan city as its Provincial Capital, and some major cities namely Jinan, Qingdao, Yantai and Zibo, etc. It has a total population of 94,172,000 by the year 2008, and is the second largest economic entity, only next to Guangdong Province in China. However, the economy in Shandong is not developing in a balanced way from eastern costal area to south-western area. Shandong has a long history and splendid culture as well as numerous cultural relics and historic sites, such as Mount Tai, Confucius Temple, Confucius Mansion and Confucius Cemetery (simplified as “three Confucius”) and other cultural heritage assets, which enjoy a very high reputation both at home and abroad. It has a relatively developed tourist industry with total revenue from tourism about 200.52 billion Yuan RMB in 2008, ranking 5th in China.
Jining City, situated in south-western Shandong, is one of the best tourist cities in China and a central city among a group of cities in southern Shandong, with 12 counties (or cities and districts at county-levels) including Qufu and Zoucheng under its jurisdiction, and covering a total area of 10,684.9 Square Km. Jining Municipality has a total population (the registered households) of 8.3131 million in 2008, ranking 4th, and with annual revenue ranking 6th, and tourism revenue ranking 5th respectively in the Province. Jining is always known as hometown of Confucius and Mencius with many famous cultural heritage assets and landscaping sites such as “three Confucius” and “three Mencius”, Mount Yi and Taibai building, etc.
2.2 Environmental Profile of Qufu City
2.2.1 Current Situation of Natural Environment
(1) Geographical Location
Qufu City, located at southern area of Shandong Province, north-eastern area of Jining Municipality, is under the jurisdiction of Jining Municipal Government, with Mount Tai to the north and Mount Xiao to the south, geographically at 116°57’～117°13’E and 35°29’～ 35°49’N. Its administrative zone neighbored with Ningyang County in the north and Zoucheng, home town of Mencius in the south, Sishui County in the east, and facing to Yanzhou City over a Si River. It covers a total area of 814.7 square km. Qufu enjoys a very advantageous geographic location and convenient traffic network, with state highway No.327 and Rizhao-Dongying expressway passing through from east to the west, with state highway No.104 and Beijing-Fuzhou Expressway crossing over from south to the north. Qufu Airport in Jining has been opened airlines from Jining to Beijing, Guangzhou and Shanghai. It has also established a railway station in Qufu for Beijing-Shanghai express railway, which is still under construction.
(2) Geologic and Morphologic Conditions
In view of earth structure, Qufu area is located in the west of north central of west Shandong fault-uplift of Sino-Korean paraplatform, occurring at Mt. Ni up-warping and Qufu down-warping joint position within Heze-Mt. Ni uplift belt. Stratum outcropping within this area is discontinuous, while the development of fracture structure and magmatism are both inconspicuous.
In view of geologic and morphologic conditions, Qufu area is located at linking belt region between low hilly area of south central Shandong and west Shandong Plain joint, at the mid upper piedmont alluvial fan in front of Mt. Tai, Mt. Yi and Mt. Meng. Qufu is surrounded on three sides, including north, east and south, by mountains, with a chain of undulating hills; Midwest is the flood plain of Si River and Yi River, at the north-east corner of Southwest Shandong Plain. The topographic feature of this area is high in the north and low in the south, high in the east and low in the west, tilting from northeast to southwest naturally. Hilly area covers an area of 198.9 square km, accounting for 22.2% of the total area of Qufu; Flood plain of Si River and Yi River covers an area of 635.21 square km, accounting for 70.9% of the total area. The highest elevation within this area is Mt. Fenghuangcheng lying to the north of Qufu, 548.1ms high; the lowest position within this area is Chengjiazhuang village lying to the southwest of Qufu, with elevation of 47ms high and the elevation of central urbane zone is 60.5ms high. The south-north relative relief is 501.1ms, and the east-west relative relief is 273.4ms. Mt. Laohuwo, located in the northeast is at a distance of 39km from Chengjiazhuang village in the southwest, with a gradient ratio of 1/650.
(3) Hydro-geological Conditions
Qufu lies to the west of Mount Ni, at the mid-upper piedmont of alluvial fan in front of Mount Tai and Mount Yi. The east-west Wensi (Wenshang and Sishui) Fracture Zone intersects Wu village and Dongjia village in the north, passing through the south-north lying Mount Yi Fracture Zone, then through Xiaoxue and ends at the west to Qufu. Most bedrock in the north and southeast is pre-Sinian, Cambrian and Ordovician gneiss, limestone and small amounts of igneous rock. Strata of the City at outskirts and southwest are deep thick quaternary unconsolidated strata and underlying coal-bearing strata.
The area under assessment is located in the flood alluvial plain of Si River, and quaternary unconsolidated sedimentary stratum and underlying Cambrian Ordovician limestone, which contains a relatively great amount of underground water, generally flowing from northeast to the southwest. The water-rich section of Qufu City is underneath Luohan village (Quaternary pore water) in the west of City and Beixingbu (karst water) in the south of City. Currently, the urban water source of Qufu is mainly exploited from underground in the south of the City.
(4) Surface Water
Surface water in this area belongs to Nansi Lake water system of Huai River drainage area, and there are 13 major rivers, most of which are ephemeral streams. Si River and Yi River flowing by Qufu is the east-west backbone river course.
Si River originates from Quanlin (Spring Forest) in the east part of Sishui County, Jining Municipality, flowing from east to the west, across Sishui County and Qufu City, then to the southwest, flowing over 40 km, then converge into Nansi Lake, with its total length of 159km, covering an area of 2366 square km. Its main tributaries include Yi River, Guosi River, Hengmiao River, Zhifang River and Zhuziyuan Gully.
Yi River rises in Mount Fenghuang of Zoucheng City, with Mt. Ni reservoir at its up-reaches, flowing from east to the west, across Qufu urban area, and then converging into Si River at Fendian Dam in Qufu City. Its main tributaries include Liao River, Jianggou River, Xiang River, Zhushui River and Xiaoyi River. At present, Yi River has become the major river course for flood drainage and waste dumping in Qufu. And its up-reach is capable of water delivery during rainy period and often run out during the dry season.
Water system in historic City of Qufu is rich and complete, in which the Zhushui River, also called the “Sacred River of Confucius” joint together with the artificially built Moat of the Capital City of Lu Kingdom to become Lu-City River 3000 year ago; Inner-moat surrounding Ming Historic City also has a history about 500 years. Gupan Pond, located in the southwest corner of Ming Historic City was not only a lake-pond, playing a role of regulating ecology inside the city, but also a garden- pond in front of Academy of Confucianism of Lu Kingdom 3000 years ago. However, the Ming City Moat has been already silted up currently, and area of Gupan Pond has also been reduced to its original 1/10, thus has become a dead pond with stagnant water without source head.
This Project will rebuild the linkage among waterways so as to establish a three-Stage Water System consisting of Si River-Lu City River (Zhushui River)-Ming Historic City Moat (through Gupan Pond)-Yi River ( The Ming Historic City Moat and Yi River have already been linked up), so as to resume the vitality of the water system, meanwhile restore the water surface of Gupan Pond to the size being capable of regulating ecological environment inside the city, and complete its landscape and road construction, resume the ancient garden to its original appearance of history, eventually provide the residents and tourists with a public open space.
(5) Climate and Weather
Qufu is located in the temperate zone of East Asia and has a sub-humid continental monsoon climate, featuring four distinct seasons, abundant with rainfall, low rainfall in spring, high rainfall in summer, low rainfall in autumn and cold, dry and little snow in winter. Qufu annual solar radiation averages 120.23kilocalorie/k㎡, annual hours of sunshine average 2433 hour, annual temperature averages 13.6 ~C, annual frost-free days average 199 days and annual rainfall averages 658 mm, which varies in seasons, reducing gradually from summer, autumn, spring to winter, with high rainfall in summer. Qufu's prevailing wind direction is ENE wind all year round and the wind speed averages 2.4m/s.
Natural disasters occurring in Qufu include drought, flood, hail, and dry-hot wind, etc.
(6) Earthquake
According to the Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Zoning Map of China (GB18306-2001), the seismic peak ground acceleration of the area is 0.15.
(7) Flora and Fauna.
There are totally 15 varieties with 115 species of animal and plant in Qufu City. The agricultural crops are mainly wheat, maize, sorghum, millet, etc.; The economic crops are mainly cotton, peanuts, sesame; It has over 40 varieties of vegetable and fruits, and 135 varieties of flower; More than 120 varieties of medicinal herbs; About 140 varieties of tree, shrub, flower and their variant; 26 species of aquatic plant; The livestock are mainly cattle, horse, pig, sheep, chicken, duck, goose, rabbit, etc.; 29 varieties of bird, and over 10 species of wild animals; More than 30 kinds of insect; The aquatic animals are mainly fish, shrimp and shellfish, etc.
There is not any distribution of natural protection zone within the scope of project construction areas.
(8) Mineral Resources
Mineral resource of Qufu features largely in its non-metal ores, among which coal deposit accounts for the most, followed by limestone, phosphate ore, oil shale, potassium feldspar, silica stone, refractory clay, marble, gypsum and quartz, etc. The area where the proposed Project is located does not involve in occupying mineral resources.
2.2.2 Current Social Situation
(1) Social Profile
The city of Qufu administers 8 towns and S villages, including Qufu town, Yaocun town, Lingcheng town, Xiaoxue town, Nanxin town, Shuyuan town, Shizhuang town, Wangzhuang village, Tongzhuang village, Xizou village, Nishan village. There are 585 natural villages and 495 villagers (residents) committees. The city of Qufu has a total population of 640 thousand, among which, the non-agricultural population is 190 thousand.
In recent years, Qufu City has maintained a sustained development in national economy and social undertakings. The economical strength of the whole city has been obviously enhanced. The total value of GNP has reached to 8,399,700,000 dollars in Qufu in 2009, and revenue of local finance is 315,560 thousand RMB Yuan. The proportion of the first, the second and the third industry are 1.01%, 47.4% and 42.5% respectively.
Qufu has 8 Universities and Institutes and 188 Middle and Primary Schools, of which one is a Deaf and Mute School.
(2) Scenic Spots, Cultural Relics and Historic Sites in Qufu City
Qufu City has a long history with numerous cultural relics and historic sites and rich tourist resources. It has given birth and brought up Confucius and Yancius, and Emperor Yandi once took Qufu as his Capital City, and Emperor Shun made sacrificial ornaments in Qufu, and Emperor Shaohao was buried in Qufu. Qufu was listed as one of the 24 Famous Historic Cultural Cities for the first patch in China, one of the Chinese Outstanding Tourist Cities and one of the AAAA Grade tourism scenic areas, thus it has become a very attractive tourist destination and “Holy City” full of typical characters and unique charming emotions of Chinese Nation, and be also praised as "Oriental Jerusalem" by some westerner.
Qufu City, as a famous historical city, its Confucius Mansion, Confucius Temple and Confucius Forest (or namely Cemetery) were inscribed in the World Heritage list, with totally 156 sites of Important Cultural Relics Protection Unites at National, Provincial, Municipal and County levels, and more than 400 pieces of famous stone tablets of various dynasties. Confucius Temple, Beijing Imperial Palace and Chengde Mountain Resort are jointly known as “Three Great Historic Architectures” in China. The Hall of Great Achievements in Confucius Temple, the Hall of Great Harmony and the Hall of Great Heaven are named together as “The Three Great Halls in China”. Confucius Mansion is also reputed as “The First Family under Heaven”, while Confucius Cemetery is the single family graveyard with the longest consistent history in the World. Confucius Mansion, Confucius Temple and Confucius Cemetery were officially inscribed in 《World Cultural Heritage Name-List》 by UNESCO in 1994.
(3) Briefings on Cultural Heritage Assets Related to the Project
The proposed project involved in Qufu area, includes Ming Historic City, Lu Historic City, Confucius Cemetery, Mount Ni and its surrounding areas.
Ming Historic City is located in the core area of cultural tourism in Qufu, which was first built from the eighth year of Zhengde in Ming Dynasty (AD 1513) to the first year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (1522), and covers an area of 1.64 Square km. Inside the City, there are Confucius Temple and Confucius Mansion, which are both World Cultural Heritage Sites and Yan Temple, which is the Key Cultural Relic under National Protection, as well as over 10 Mansions, which were used to be the residential buildings of prestigious descendants of Confucius. Among them, there are some famous ones, such as 12-Mansion，5-Mansion, and 10-Mansion, etc. There is also an Official School Ruins and a Gupan Pond Garden, both of which are the earliest in China, apart from other cultural heritage sites and monuments as well.
Lu Historic City is located surrounding Ming Historic City, built in the early years of Western Zhou dynasty, and was published in 1961 by the State Council, as the National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit (NKCRPU), belonging to the category of ancient ruins, dating back to 3,000 years. It was the capital City of Lu Kingdom in Zhou Dynasty, covering the largest area and extending the longest among that of all States at times. It was the center for major life and activities of both Confucius and Mencius, and had maintained as an important political and cultural central city until Song Dynasty. Lu Historic City has been planned to be as a Major Ruins Park (MRP), and will form a well integrated relations with Ming Historic City and linked with other key cultural heritage sites, such as Shouqiu, Confucius Cemetery, etc., therefore it is of an important and realistic significance for their protection.
Confucius Cemetery, located at a place 2km away from north of Qufu County, adjacent to north of the second circle road, and south of Zhushui River. It is graveyard of Confucius and his family members. There are totally over 100,000 tombs, 4003 stone tablets and 42,000 ancient trees in it. Its entire surrounding wall is 7.25 km in length, 3m in height and 5m in thickness, with 116 rooms of ancient architectures, halls, archway gates and pavilions, as well as 85 pairs of ceremonial stone carved animals and status of different dynasties, and covering a total area of 200 hectares.
Mount Ni, located 30km away from southeast of Qufu, is the birthplace of Confucius according to the historic record, and have been known as Holly Land for more than 2,000 years. There is a Confucius Cave at the foot of Mount Ni, in which Confucius was born according to the legend. There is a Confucius Temple, a Mt. Ni Academy of Classical Learning as well as some other historic buildings, which were firstly built over 1000 year ago. They are all the extension items of “Three Confucius World Heritage” and were enlisted tentative name-list of China World Cultural Heritage in 2006, and are the important component of Confucius Cultural Heritage.
2.3 Environmental Profile of Zoucheng
2.3.1 Natural Environment Profile
(1) Geographical Location
Zoucheng City is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, and the east of Jining City, at eastern longitude 116° 44′ 30" - 117° 28′ 54" and northern latitudes 35° 9′ 12" - 35° 32′ 54". Zoucheng City borders with central area of Jining Municipality and Yanzhou City in the west, and with Qufu and Sishui County in the north, and with Pingyi in the east, and adjacent to Zaozhuang City and Tengzhou City in the south, covering a total area of 1,613 square km.
Zoucheng City enjoys advantageous geographical location, with No.104 National Highway, Beijing-Fuzhou and Beijing-Shanghai Expressway, and Highways of Ji-Zao, Zao-Xu, Lin-Ji, Ji-Wei, Yan-Zou, and Qu-Cong, etc. passing through the city, while Beijing-Shanghai, Yan–Shi and Xin-Ri railways joint together in its territory, with relatively convenient transport.
(2) Geologic and Morphologic Conditions
Zoucheng is located in the south of Mount Tai belonging to the form of North China platform, occurring adjacent to the boundary line between the second up-warping and the second down-warping of neocathaysian structural system. Zoucheng is in a complicated geological condition, the east and southeast feature south-north Mount Yi fault, abundant with sinian granitic gneiss; there is Cambrian limestone appearing as roof rock; Hilly areas in the southwest is located in Cambrian limestone zone, and the northwest is fault depression basin without large scale typical geological structure exposed in the region.
The topographic feature of Zoucheng is high in the east and low in the west, differing greatly from each part in topography. The highest elevation within Zoucheng is Mount Fenghuang in the east, 648.7m high, while the lowest elevation is Zhentou in Guoli town, only 35m high. There are five categories of topography, including lower mountains, hills, plain, basin and water area. Demarcated by the section of Beijing-Shanghai railway crossing Zoucheng, it is the hilly areas in the east of the railway and the south of Zoucheng, accounting for 70% of the total area of Zoucheng, while it is the plain and bottomland in the west of the railway. Mountains within Zoucheng are offshoots of Mt. Meng and Mt. Tai range, distributing regularly from east to the west, with over 190 mount tops in total.
(3) Hydro-geological Conditions
Demarcated by Mount Yi fractured fault, the distribution of underground water in Zoucheng region can be divided into three hydro-geological units. The east of fault is the area of fissure water featuring metamorphic rock and magmatic rock; while the west of fault can be divided into two hydro-geological units: one is the distributing area of piedmont clinoplain quaternary unconsolidated salt pore water formed by the alluvial and flood fan of Si River and the alluvial and flood fan of west Zoucheng, another is the limestone area exposed on Mount Yi area of the demarcation River between the two cities in the South, which is in the status of monocline northerly underlying karst lava water area of Quaternary alluvial and flood strata, i.e. Guoliji monocline hydro-geological unit.
The unconsolidated rock crack water is distributed most widely underlying the entire region, the loosened layer thickness is getting increased gradually along an axis part of alluvial flood fan of the river from Mountain front toward the plain area. The sandy layers containing water is getting increased gradually from fan top to its front side. The karst lava water from Carbonate rock crack is distributed in the Guoliji monocline hydro-geological unit of south Cambrian-Ordovician limestone zone. This unit bordered with crack of Mount Yi in the east, goes into Nanyang Lake in the west, and demarcated by watershed of ground water in the south, the limestone layer containing water formed a shape of monocline fan inclining from south to north, underlying quaternary stratum; The crack water of metamorphic rock and magma rock are scattered or distributed in eastern hilly areas with underground water stored inside the rock weathering cracks and structural cracks. These weathered cracks are fine and small, while the rich water function is deficient, and the water table underground is 2~5m deep.
(4) Surface Water
The majority part of Zoucheng is located in the drainage area of Huai River. In modern water system with Nansi Lake (or namely: Four Lakes in South Shandong) as a catchment center, there are 91 rivers with drainage area above 50 Square km respectively, and 1516km in total length. Within Zoucheng area, it has over 40 rivers which are relative longer and belong to the two major water systems namely Yi and Si Rivers, such as Si River, Baima River, City-South Dasha River, City-Front Dasha River, Dayi River, Shiqiang River and Long River, 7 in all, radiate flowing towards four directions, then respectively goes into Sishui county, Qufu city, Tengzhou city and Weishan county. They feature in inconsistent flow direction, short source, strong current, small drainage area, and bigger volume in summer and autumn; Water flow varies significantly from season to season, so does from year to year.
Baima River rises in north of Laoying village, Central Township of Zoucheng City, flows into Nansi Lake near the Jiukongqiao village, Weishan County. Its largest tributary is Dasha River, which rises in south of Xuling village, Zhangzhuang Twonship, east of Zoucheng City, flowing from east to the west through Zhang Zhuang and Kuang Zhuang villages and stored in Xiwei Reservoir, east of the city. Then it flows westward into Baima River passing by south of the city in the west of Wuguanzhuang village, Beisu Township. It is 32.61km long, covering a drainage area of 172.59 Square km.
Yinli River is located on the upper reaches of Dasha River, the tributary of Baima River, with controlled drainage area 7.58 square km. It is a hill-plain mixed-up area, steep on the upper reaches and relatively slow-down on the lower reaches. The open section of Yinli River converges to the entrance of Dasha River 400ms from the east of No. 2 Middle School, with the total length 3800ms. The elevation of starting point of Yinli River is about 79.60ms, and that of entrance of Dasha River is about 68.9ms, with a altitude difference 10.7ms and ground slope ratio about 1/350. Ever since Ming Dynasty, it has become the moat of Zoucheng City, and has maintained a framework of certain historical appearance. Yinli River varies from 5 to 12 ms in width. In recent years, due to that the sewage is discharged and garbage is dumped into the river randomly, a great amount of production and domestic garbage are piled up in the river. As a result, it has produced great impact on the safety of flood control, polluted the surrounding environment, and posed great threats to the urban ecology of Zoucheng.
This project will undertake dredging in Yinli River, and divert all the existing sewage of the river into sewage plant for treatment, then will build up a project diverting water discharged from hydra-power station of Xiwei Reservoir and tail water of irrigation into Yinli River. It will make lower reaches of Yinli River link-up with Dasha River so as to form a clean and flowing water system, restore the historic appearance and normal function of sewage collection and flood discharge. It will adopt a natural ecological approach to restore the waterside appearance, outskirts of the historic city, and establish a green eco-corridor passing through the urban area of Zoucheng.
Yinli River originates from Xiwei Reservoir, which is situated in the east of city and at middle section of Dasha River, the tributary of Baima River. Xiwei Reservoir has a total storage capacity of water about 107million m3，with regulating volume about 41million m3. A dike was built in the west and north of the reservoir, which has a drainage area 113.6km2，and irrigation area 77.4 thousand mu，of them 51 thousand mu of effectively irrigated area (15mu equals to 1 hectare or 2.471 acre).
(5) Climate and Weather
Zoucheng has a temperate transitional climate, featuring four distinct seasons, with abundant sunshine. Spring features in heavy wind, drought and getting warm quickly; Summer features in high rainfall and high temperature; In autumn, the temperature drops rapidly, rainfall reduces day by day; Winter is cold and dry, and with little rain or snow. Annual average temperature is 13.6 ~C°; The annual precipitation is 712.8mm for many years (from 1959 to 2005), and varies in quantity on season, getting decreasing from Summer, Autumn, Spring to Winter gradually, and mostly concentrated in Summer; It has 199 frost-free days annually. Wind direction varies significantly on season. The annual predominant wind direction is southerly, and the secondary wind direction is south-south westerly. The average annual wind speed is 3.1m/s, and the annual frequency of calm wind is 8.99%.
Natural disasters occurring in Zoucheng area mainly include drought, flood, hail, and dry-hot wind, etc.
(6) Earthquake
According to the Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Zonation Map of China (GB28306-2001), the seismic peak ground acceleration of the area is 0.15.
(7) Flora and Fauna.
Zoucheng belongs to Huai River System, possessing typical species of fishes in its water territory, with more than 30 varieties, of which the silver carp, Chinese ide, grass carp, black carp belong to the variety for fresh water aquaculture. In addition, there are some kinds of insects, such as ladybug, trichogramma, pteromalidae and spider, etc.; As for the reptile, such as frog, hoptoad, snake, lizard and scorpion, etc; In the territory of Zoucheng, it is abundant in variety of plants, with several dozen kinds of trees, such as poplar, Chinese parasol (phoenix tree), locust, willows, pines and many kinds of fruit trees; It is rich in variety of flowers, such as plum blossom, winter jasmine flower, crabapple, herbaceous peony, peony, magnolia and rose, etc. totally more than several dozen kinds of them; The Chinese medicinal herbal materials in the area include: flower of honeysuckle, dandelion, root of ballonflower, wild jujube and Danshen root, totally more than 100 kinds; It has over 20 kinds of wild grass, such as yellow grass, quitch, cowgrass and mugwort, etc. It has some kinds of wild vegetable, such as amaranth, lactuca, small thistle vegetable, etc.
There is not any natural protection zone within the scope of the project construction areas.
(8) Mineral Resources
Zoucheng is abundant with mineral resources and a complete of categories, featuring largely in coal, granite and limestone, followed by yellow sand, kaoline, quartz, marble, barite, etc. The proposed project area will be not involved in occupying the reserved mineral resources.
2.3.2 Current Social Situation
(1) Social Profile
Under the jurisdiction of Zoucheng city, there are 3 street neighborhood committees and 14 townships, namely: Gangshan Street Neighborhood Committee ( where the Municipal Party Committee of CPC and Municipal Government are located), Qianquan Street Neighborhood Committee and Xiaoshan Street Neighborhood Committee; Yishan Township, Kanzhuang Township, Xiangcheng Township, Zhangzhuang Township, City-frount Township, Tianhuang Township, Dashu Township, Zhongxindian Township, Beisu Township, Tangcunzhen Township, Taiping Township, Pingyangsi Township, Guoli Township, Shiqiang Township. There are totally 17 neighborhood committees, 871 village committees, 943 natural villages, with a population 1.12 million.
Being as a famous historic and cultural city at national level, the economy and social undertakings in Zoucheng have kept a sustained development in recent years. The comprehensive economic strength has been significantly enhanced. In 2008, Zoucheng's GDP reached to 31.646 billion Yuan RMB; Total fiscal revenue reached to 6.73 billion Yuan RMB.
Zoucheng City has 16 regular schools at provincial levels, and has commenced the construction of ten large engineering projects for the establishment of the Famous Cultural City. It has established a “Society for Promoting Chinese Mother’s Cultural Festival". The cultural heritage of “Three Mencius" has already been selected into the tentative list for World Heritage in China. The landscaping area of Mount Yi has been designated as Provincial Level Geo-Park. The Mencius Mansion and Mencius Temple have been classified AAAA Grade Tourist Scenic Spot.
(2) Scenic Spots, Cultural Relics and Historic Sites in Zoucheng
There are more than 300 scenic spots, cultural relics and historic sites in Zoucheng, including 10 key cultural relic units under provincial or national level protection, among which “Three Mencius” and “Four Mountains” have been renowned around the world. “Three Mencius” indicates Mencius Temple, Mencius Mansion and Mencius Cemetery and “Four Mountains” indicating Mt. Tie, Mt. Gang and Mt. Ge as well as Cliff Inscriptions on Mt. Jian. The key cultural relics and historic sites surrounding the area of the proposed project are Mencius Temple, Mencius Mansion and Mencius Cemetery, which are all Important Cultural Relic Units under National Level Protection.
(3) Briefings on Cultural Relics and Historic Sites Related to the Project Area
The proposed project mainly involves areas of the historic city of Zoucheng, Mencius Cemetery and its periphery.
The historic area of Zoucheng is located in the south of Zoucheng City, extending from east of Yishan Road to the west of Beijing-Shanghai Railways, to the south of North Rd, covering a total area of 3.12 Square km. It is the important component of historic heritage of Mencius and Lu Kingdom in Zoucheng, and the third patch of Famous Historic Cultural Cities designated in China. The Mencius Temple, located at south of Zoucheng historic city is an Important Cultural Relic Unit under National Level Protection. It was first built in the 3rd. year of Xuehe, Northern Song Dynasty (1121 AD), a temple used for offering sacrifices to Mencius, with some existing architectures built in Ming and Qing Dynasties as well as some trees planted mostly during Song and Yuan period. The Mencius Mansion consists of front official office, central inner residence and a back garden, with very resourcefully designed layout. It is a typical complex of ancient architecture integrating Yamen (former county government office) with private residence in north China, and is also a complex with longest consistent history, lager scale and relatively well preservation at home.
The Mencius Cemetery is located at foot of Mt. Siji, northeast of Zoucheng and was built firstly in Warring State Period. It was acknowledged as Cemetery of Mencius under official protection in 4th year Jingyou of Northern Song Dynasty (1037AD).
The Cemetery of Mencius was maintained and repaired for many times during various Dynasties, and trees were widely planted, while descendents of Mencius were buried surrounding the tomb of Mencius from time to time. It has formed a Cemetery Forest covering an area about 915mu (15mu equals to 1 hectare) till the Ming and Qing Periods. On May 25, 2006, it was published by State Council as National Key Cultural Relic Protection Unit. In front of Cemetery, it is Xishantou village, 80% of its villagers with their surname after Mencius. According to the historic record, that village was formed by guards of tomb of Mencius, the descendants of Mencius. Therefore, the Mencius Forest (Cemetery) and ancient village have formed an interdependent relationship closely.
2.4 Cultural Relics
2.4.1 General Introduction on Cultural Heritage Assets in Qufu and Zoucheng.
(1) The Pattern and Historic Value of Cultural Heritage in Qufu and Zoucheng Areas
Both Qufu and Zoucheng are areas with abundant well-known cultural heritage assets in China, and is also the source of most important core of Chinese traditional culture, great treasure house and holly land of culture. With the World Heritage of “Three Confucius” as its core, it posses 708 sites of various kinds of existing cultural heritage, scattered within the scope of 2509km2. , divided into 6 categories of different pattern, such as categories of ancient architecture, ancient tombs, ancient historic sites, grottos monastery and inscribed stone carvings, neoteric important historic sites and its representative architecture as well as other ancient villages and old trees, etc.
The main cultural relic protection units in Qufu and Zoucheng areas are shown in the following Table 2.4-1and Table 2.4-2.
Table 2.4-1 an Outline of Cultural Relics Protection Units at Different Levels in Qufu City
|(I) Important Cultural Relic Unit under National Level Protection：5 Units |
|No. |Name |Address |Times |Date for |Notes |
| | | | |Publication | |
|1 |Confucius Temple and |Qufu County, Shandong Province |Jin – Han |1961.3.4 |First Patch |
| |Confucius Mansion | | | | |
|2 |Lu Historic City of Qufu |Qufu County, Shandong Province |Zhou – Han |1961.3.4 |First Patch |
|3 |Confucius Cemetery |Qufu County, Shandong Province |East Zhou |1961.3.4 |First Patch |
|4 |Yan Temple |Inside Qufu City |Yuan –Qing |2002.11.25 |Fifth Patch |
|5 |Nishan Historic Building |Mount Nishan (including Forest） |Qing |2006.5.25 |Sixth Patch |
| |Complex | | | | |
|(II) Shandong Provincial Cultural Relic Protection Unit: 22 units |
|1 |Site of Military Meeting |Inside Confucius Cemetery |1950 |1977.12.23 |First Patch |
| |hosted | | | | |
| |by Zhu De, Commander-in–Chief| | | | |
| |of PLA | | | | |
|2 |Zougong Temple |Zhougong Temple Brigade Shuyuan |Ming-Qing |1977.12.23 |First Patch |
| | |Township | | | |
|3 |Fangshan Tombs |Westside Mount Fanshan in Fanshan |Zhou-Han |1977.12.23 |First Patch |
| | |Township | | | |
|4 |Weijia Tombs |Weijiazhuang Brigade in Dongzhuang |Zhou-Han |1977.12.23 |First Patch |
| | |Township | | | |
|5 |Ancient Tombs in Jiang |Jiang Village in Xiaoxue Township |Han |1977.12.23 |First Patch |
| |Village | | | | |
|6 |Tombs on Cliff of Jiulong |Wujia Village and Xiaoxue Village |Han |1977.12.23 |First Patch |
| |Mountain |in Xiaoxue Township | | | |
|7 |Tombs of Cemetery of Mencius |Xiaoxue Township (including wood) |East Zhou--Han |1977.12.23 |First Patch |
| |Mother | | | | |
|8 |Shaohao Mausoleum |Shuyuan Old County Village |Song - Qing |1977.12.23 |First Patch |
|9 |Tomb of Anqiu King |Wanglin Village in WucunTownship |Ming |1977.12.23 |First Patch |
|10 |Zhusi Library |Shuyuan Village in Shuyuan Township|Ming, Qing |1992.6.12 |Second Patch |
|11 |Tombs of Lianggonglin |Lianggonglin Village in Fangshan |Zhou, Han |1992.6.12 |Second Patch |
| | |Township | | | |
|12 |Heritage Site of Shaohao |Jiuxian Village of Shuyuan |Neolithic Age |2006.12.7 |Third Patch |
| |Mausoleum |Neighborhood Office | | | |
|13 |Heritage Site of West Xiahou |West Xiahou Village of |Neolithic Age |2006.12.7 |Third Patch |
| | |Xizou Township | | | |
|14 |Historic City of Xianyuan | Old County Village of Shuyuan |Song– Ming |2006.12.7 |Third Patch |
| |County |Neighborhood Office | | | |
|15 |Tomb of Lin Fang |Linjia Village in Xiaxue Township |Spring Autumn |2006.12.7 |Third Patch |
|16 |East Yan Wood |Chengzhuang Village in Fangshan |From Spring Autumn |2006.12.7 |Third Patch |
| | |Township |to Qing | | |
|17 |Building Complex of Mount |Jiuxian Mountain in |Ming – Qing |2006.12.7 |Third Patch |
| |Jiuxian |Wucun Township | | | |
|18 |Qufu Ming City |Lucheng Neighborhood |Ming, Qing |2006.12.7 |Third Patch |
| | |Office | | | |
|19 |Guanyin Temple of Mount Siji|South Siji Mountain of Yanzhuang |Ming , Qing |2006.12.7 |Third Patch |
| | |Village of Nanxi Township | | | |
|20 |Building Complex in Shimen |Shimen Mountain in Dongzhuang |Ming |2006.12.7 |Third Patch |
| |Temple |Township | | | |
|21 |Stone Figure Carving on |Wujia Village in Xiaoxue Township |Tang |2006.12.7 |Third Patch |
| |Clliff of Jiulong Mountain | | | | |
|22 |Qufu Auditurirm and Teaching |Within the Courtyard of Qufu Normal|Qing, and the |2006.12.7 |Third Patch |
| |Building including Exam.Hall |School |Republic of China | | |
|(III) Jining Municipal Cultural Relics Protection Unit: 5 units |
|1 |Historic Site of Jingling |East of Beiguan Village Jiuxian, |Song |1985.4.17 |First Patch |
| |Palace |Shuyuan Township | | | |
|2 |Historic City Site of |North of Dongzhuang Township |Warring State-Song |1985.4.17 |First Patch |
| |Dongdacheng | | | | |
|3 |Historic Site of Guo Village |North of Daguo Village, Lingcheng |Neolithic Age |1985.4.17 |First Patch |
| | |Township | | | |
|4 |Ming Historic City |Inside Qufu City |Ming |2000. |First Patch |
|5 |Peli Historic Site |North of Peli Village, Dongzhuang |Neolithic Age |2000. |First Patch |
| | |Township | | | |
|(IV) Qufu City Cultural Relics Protection Unit: 79 units. |
|1 |Former County Government, |North of West Gate St, Qufu |Ming– Qing |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Qufu | | | | |
|2 |Yanhanbo Mansion |North of Yan Temple St. Qufu |Ming –Qing |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
|3 |North 10 Mansion |West of North Gate St. of |Qing |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Qufu | | | |
|4 |West 5 Mansion |Qufu Experiment Primary School |Qing |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
|5 |12 Mansion |North of East Gate St. of Qufu |Qing |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
|6 |Former Residence of Kong |North of East Gate St. of Qufu |Qing |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Guangsen | | | | |
|7 |Gu Pan Pond |In Qufu City（with Wenchang Temple |Zhou |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |） | | | |
|8 |Ancient Tomb of West Yanlin |South West of Wuquan Village, Qufu |Six Dynasty - Qing |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Neighborhood Office | | | |
|9 |Ancient Tomb of |North of Wuquan Village |Han |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Wuquan Village |Qufu Neighborhood office | | | |
|10 |Tomb of Zaizi |South of Gucheng Village Qufu |Zhou |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Neighborhood Office | | | |
|11 |Tomb of Younuo |Southeast of Nanquan Village, Qufu |Zhou |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Neighborhood Office | | | |
|12 |Tablet for Harnessing Zhu |North of Wuquan Village（including |Ming |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |River |Spring Pond） | | | |
|13 |Stone Fossil of Dongdaling |South East of Donghuangjia Village | |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |of Dongzhuang Township | | | |
|14 |Historic Site of Weijiazhuang|South of Weijia Village Dongzhuang |Neolithic Age |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Village |Township | | | |
|15 |Xiazhuang Historic |South of Dongxia Village |Neolithic Age |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Site |Dongzhuang Township | | | |
|16 |Qujialin Historic Site |Southeast of Qujia Village |Zhou |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Dongzhuang Township | | | |
|17 |Kiln Site of Qujia Village |East of Qujia Village |Song |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Dongzhuang Township | | | |
|18 |Kiln Site of Hejiadian |East of Hejiadian Village |Sui - Song |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Dongzhuang Township | | | |
|19 |Stone carving Figure, |Southwest of Daxi Village |Song |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Xizhuang Village |Dongzhuang Township | | | |
|20 |Orange Tree of Qujialin |South East of Qujia Village |Ming |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Village |Dongzhuang Township | | | |
|21 |Weijia Temple |Inside Wejiazhuang Village |Ming– Qing |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Dongzhuang Township | | | |
|22 |Wu Village Historic Site |West of Jiucun Village, Xiaoxue |Neolithic Age |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Township | | | |
|23 |Nanxingbu Historic Site |East of Nanxingbu Village Xiaoxue |Neolithic Age |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Township | | | |
|24 |Dianbeitou Historic Site |North of Dianbeitou Village Xiaoxue|Neolithic Age |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Township | | | |
|25 |Xiao Xue Historic Site |South of Nanxiaoxue Village Xiaoxue|Neolithic Age - |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Township |Song | | |
|26 |Sunjialin Historic Site |Northwest of Beixiaoxue |Neolithic Age |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |VillageXiaoxue Township | | | |
|27 |Pengjia Village Site |North of Pengjiacun Village Xiaoxue|Zhou – Han |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Township | | | |
|28 |Tombs of Juye Kings |North of Wujia Village Xiaoxue |Ming |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Township | | | |
|29 |Tomb of Wu Wenchang |West of Wujia Village Xiaoxue |Ming |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Township | | | |
|30 |Historic Site of Xiaonan |East of Xiaonanzhuang Village, |Neolithic Age |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Village |Lingchen Township | | | |
|31 |Yuanzhuang Historic Site |South of Yuanzhuang Village, |Neolithic |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Lingchen Township | | | |
|32 |Dongguo Historic Site |East of Dongguo Village Lingchen |Shang-Zhou |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Township | | | |
|33 |Xiguo Historic Site |North of Xiguo Village, Lingchen |Zhou-Han |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Township | | | |
|34 |Zhangzao Historic Site |West of Zhangzao Village |Shang-Han |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
|35 |Tomb of Gongsunchou |West of Beigong Village, Lingchen |Zhou |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Township | | | |
|36 |Tablet of Kuanyin |Inside Daguo Village, Lingchen |Yuan |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Boddhisattva Temple, |Township | | | |
| |Guozhuang Village | | | | |
|37 |Tablet of Kuanyin Temple, |Inside Hongmiao Village, Lingchen |Yuan |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Hongmiao Village |Township | | | |
|38 |Huojia Village Historic Site |Inside Huojia Village, |Neolithic |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Shizhuang Township | | | |
|39 |Bali Temple Historic Site |North of Balimiao Village , |Neolithic |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Shizhuang Township | | | |
|40 |Guliu Village Historic Site |South of Guliu Village Shizhuang |Zhou-Han |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Township | | | |
|41 |Liujia Village Historic Site |Inside Liujia village, |Neolithic Age |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Shizhuang Township | | | |
|42 |Kiln Historic Site of Kong |North of Houkong Village, Shizhuang|Shang-Han |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Village |Township | | | |
|43 |Tombs of Kongjijian |Inside Daliu Village, |Qing |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Shizhuang Township | | | |
|44 |Tombs of Kongguangsen |South of Lihuadian Village |Qing |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Shizhuang Township | | | |
|45 |Bailuo Tree |Inside Xixinzhuang Village, |Ming |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Shizhuang Township | | | |
|46 |Heritage Site of Baicun |West of Xibai Village |Neolithic Age |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Village |Nanxin Township | | | |
|47 |Heritage Site of East |West of Dongweizhuang Village, |Neolithic Age |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Dongweizhuang |Nanxin Township | | | |
|48 |Rehabilitation Monument for |South of Dahu Village, |Yuan |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Quanzhenguan |Nanxin Township | | | |
|49 |Stone Inscriptions of Mount |Inside Dongmanshan Village, Nanxin|Yuan |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Manshan |Township | | | |
|50 |Stone Tablet of Zhangshi |Northwest of Pengzhuang Village, |Yuan–29thyear of |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Nanxin Township |Yuan | | |
|51 |Stone Bridge of Nanxin |Inside Nanxin Village |Qing |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Nanxin Township | | | |
|52 |Jade Emperor Temple of |East of Pengzhuang Village |Ming-Qing |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Pengzhuang Village |Nanxin Township | | | |
|53 |Heritage Site of Wayaotou |Side of Wayaotou Village |Neolithic Age |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Shuyuan Township | | | |
|54 |Heritage Site of Xilinxi |West of Xinlinxi Village |Neolithic Age |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Shuyuan Township | | | |
|55 |Tombs of |East of Dongjiacun Village |Five |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Dongyelin |Shuyuan Township |Dynasty-Qing | | |
|56 |Tombs of |South of Nanjia Village |Five Dynasty-Qing |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Zhangwenlin |Shuyuan Township | | | |
|57 |Tomb Tablet of Gongshi |South of Gongjia Village |Yuan of the Year of|1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Predecessor |Shuyuan Township |Yuanyanyou | | |
|58 |Monument of Mr. Bijun, a |Inside Bijia Village |Yuan |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Charity Man in Yuan Dynasty |Shuyuan Township | | | |
|59 |Monument of “Worry of Ten |East of Jiuxian Village |Song |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Thousand People” |Shuyuan Township | | | |
|60 |Historic Site of Qijialin |North of Dianzi Village of Xizou |Neolithic Age |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Township | | | |
|61 |Ancient Tomb of Chaijiayu |South of Chaijiayu Village of |Han |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Xizou Township | | | |
|62 |Stone Carved Figure of |Inside Xiasong Village of |Song |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Xiasong |Xizou Township | | | |
|63 |Stone Figure of Dayu |South of Dayu Village of |Song |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Xizou Township | | | |
|64 |Kiln Site of Xizou |North of Xizou Village of |Song |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Xizou Township | | | |
|65 |Stone Animal of Dujialin |Inside Dujia Village of |Yuan |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Xizou Township | | | |
|66 |Library of Spring and Autumn |Inside Xizou Village of |Qing |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Xizou Township | | | |
|67 |Heritage Site of Mazhuang |South of Mazhuang |Neolithic Age |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Village |Village, of Fangshan Township | | | |
|68 |Historic Site of Wangliu |North of Wangliuzhuang |Neolithic Age |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Village |Village,Fangshan Township | | | |
|69 |Kiln Site of Songjia Village |Inside Songjia Village, |Six-Dynasties |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Fangshan Township |and Song | | |
|70 |Kiln Site of Hetao |East of Donghetao Village, Fangshan|Six-Dynasties |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Township |and Song | | |
|71 |Fossil Site of Henggouquan |N.E of Hengouquan Village | |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Wangzhuang Township | | | |
|72 |Xiling Historic Site of |West of Zhongwang Village |Neolithic Age |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Wangzhuang Village |Wangzhuang Township | | | |
|73 |Historic Site of Chengzhuang |S.W of Chenzhuang Village |Zhou |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Village |Wangzhuang Township | | | |
|74 |Historic Site of |Inside Qianzhai Village |Song |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Fenghuangcheng |Wucun Township | | | |
|75 |Historic Site of Tunnel |Inside Qianzhai Village |Song |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Wucun Township | | | |
|76 |Historic Site of Xikong |S.E of Xikong Village Yaocun |Zhou – Han |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Village |Township | | | |
|77 |Memorial hall of Zhifanghu |South of Xiaokongjia Village, |Qing |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| | |Yaocun Township | | | |
|78 |Historic Site of Confucius |Near Fuzidong Village, Nishan |Shang –Han |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Cave |Mountain | | | |
|79 |Historic Site of Nishan |Southwest of Huangtu Village, |Neolithic Age |1986.11.19 |First Patch |
| |Reservoir |Nishan Township | | | |
Table 2.4-2 an Outline of Cultural Relics Protection Units at Different Levels
In Zoucheng City
| ( I ) Cultural Relics Protection Unit at National Level：7 units |
|No. |Name |Location |Times |Publication Date |Notes |
|1 |Confucius Temple and |South of Qufu City Area |Ming-Qing |1988.1.13 |Third Patch |
| |Mansion | | | | |
|2 |Confucius Cemetery |Daishu Township |Warring State, |2006.5.25 |Third Patch |
| | | |Han | | |
|3 |Inscription on Cliff of |North of City Area, |North Zhou |1988.1.13 |Third Patch |
| |Mount Tie and Mount Gang |Tieshan and Gangshan | | | |
|4 |Inscription on Cliff of |MountYi, Yishan Township |South North |2006.5.25 |Third Patch |
| |Mount Yi and Mount Ge |Mount Geshan, Daishu Township |Dynasty | | |
|5 |Tomb of Lu King in Han |Mount Yun and Mount Siji, Daishu |West Han |2001.6.25 |Han Tombs in Qufu |
| |Dynasty |Township | | |and Zoucheng,. |
| | | | | |Published at same |
| | | | | |time |
|6 |Historic City of Zhu State |South of Mount Yi, |Zhou- Han |2006.5.25 |Sixth Patch |
| | |Yishan Township | | | |
|7 |Tomb of Lu King in |Shangzhai Village, |Ming |2006.5.25 |Sixth Patch |
| |Ming Dynasty |Zhongxindian Township； Guanting | | | |
| | |Village and | | | |
| | |Huang翥 Village, Daishu Township | | | |
|(II) Shandong Provincial Cultural Relic Protection Unit：6 units |
|1 |Historic Site of Ye Dian |Yedian Village in Yishan |Neolithic Age |1977.12.23 |First Patch |
| | |Township | | | |
|2 |Historic Site of Qinv City |Hemu Village, Jiushan Neighborhood |Neolithic age & |1992.6.12 |First Patch |
| | |Office |Shang Dynasty. | | |
|3 |Historic Site of |Mount Xijiu, Miaodong Village , |Yuan Dynasty. |2006.12.7 |First Patch |
| |Yihuang Temple, Mount Jiu |Guoli Township | | | |
|4 |Chongxing Pagoda |City Area of Zhoucheng |Song |2006.12.7 |Third patch |
|5 |Temple in Memory of Mencius|Miaohuying Village of |Qing |2006.12.7 |Third Patch |
| |Mother Who Moved Residence |Jiushan Neighborhood Office | | | |
| |for 3 Times | | | | |
|6 |Grotto Carved Figure, |Shuichi Village, |Tang |2006.12.7 |Third Patch |
| |Mount Fenghuang |Zhuangzhuang Township | | | |
|(III) Jining Municipal Cultural Relic Protection Unit：11units |
|1 |Memorial Monument for |Qujiazhuang Village, | |1985.4.17 |First Patch |
| |Martyrs of Unti- Japanese |Chengqian Township | | | |
| |War, Nishan District | | | | |
|2 |Tombs of Wangzhang |East of Houwangcun, |Warring State |1985.4.17 |First Patch |
| | |Beisu Township | | | |
|3 |Historic Site of |Bailian Pond, Zaoyuan Village, |Qing |1985.4.17 |First Patch |
| |Bailian（white lotus） |Tianhuang Township | | | |
| |Religious Uprising Army | | | | |
|4 |Historic Site of Sidingzi |North of Qiyucun Village |Zhou |1985.4.17 |First Patch |
| | |Tianhuang Township | | | |
|5 |Historic Site of Chicken |Southeast of Daowacun Village, |Shang-Zhou |1985.4.17 |First Patch |
| |Fight Platform |Yishan Township | | | |
|6 |Grotto Figure of 18 Arahat |Huangshanqian Village, |Song |1985.4.17 |First Patch |
| |on Mount Huangshan |Kanwang Township | | | |
|7 |Tomb of General Wulinda |Yangshishan Village |Jin |1985.4.17 |First Patch |
| | |Guoli Township | | | |
|8 |Historic Site of Chengqian |North of Chengqian Village |Han |2006.12.7 |Third Patch |
| | |Chengqian Township | | | |
|9 |Jade Emperor of Mount |On Mount Longshan, South of Dai |Ming |2006.12.7 |Third Patch |
| |Longshan |Village, | | | |
| | |Xiangcheng Township | | | |
|10 |Historic Site of Xiding |North of Xiding Village | |2006.12.7 |Third Patch |
| | |Beisu Township | | | |
|11 |Monument at Birthplace of |Railway Station Square in Zoucheng |Republic of China |2006.12.7 |Third Patch |
| |Confucius and Mencius | | | | |
|(IV) Zhoucheng City Cultural Relic Protection Unit：32 units |
|1 |Historic Site of Wanzhao |East of Zengjiagou Village, |Neolithic Age |1978.2.25 |First Patch |
| |Temple |Gangshan Neighborhood Office | | | |
|2 |Historic Site on Top of |Liba Village, |Neolithic Age |1978.2.25 |First Patch |
| |North Jiu Hill |Shiqiang Township | | | |
|3 |Historic Site of Mount Du |NorthEast of Dushan Village, Guoli |East Zhou |1978.2.25 |First Patch |
| |（Donggou Site） |Township | | | |
|4 |Historic Site of Bejizhang |Southeast of Bejizhang Village |Spring Autumn |1978.2.25 |First Patch |
| |(site of Drum Playing |Zhangzhuangzhen Township | | | |
| |Platform） | | | | |
|5 |Historic Site of Chengziwo |Yizhuang Village |Zhou |1978.2.25 |First Patch |
| | |Chengqian Township | | | |
|6 |Historic Site of Huichengzi|East of Huichengzi | |1978.2.25 |First Patch |
| | |Dashu Township | | | |
|7 |Historic Site of |South of Miaodong Village |Zhou |1978.2.25 |First Patch |
| |Miaodong（Historic Site of |Guoli Township | | | |
| |Old Milling Platform） | | | | |
|8 |Historic Site of Tortoise |East of Yuanjiabeishan Village |Zhou |1978.2.25 |First Patch |
| |Temple |Tianhuang Township | | | |
|9 |Historic Site of Mashantou |Southwest of Mashantou Village |Zhou |1978.2.25 |First Patch |
| |(Site of Lvbu Platform） |Xiangcheng Township | | | |
|10 |Historic Site of |South of Houyu Village |Zhou-Han |1978.2.25 |First Patch |
| |Houyu（Site of Dongda |Tianhuang Township | | | |
| |Temple） | | | | |
|11 |Historic Site of Taocheng |Northwest of Zhongtaocheng Village |Eastern Zhou- Han |1978.2.25 |First Patch |
| | |Taiping Township | | | |
|12 |Historic Site of Taizi |North of Yangpi Village |Eastern Zhou – Han|1978.2.25 |First Patch |
| | |Xiangcheng Township | | | |
|13 |Tomb of Nangongshi |East of Qiannangong Village |Zhou |1978.2.25 |First Patch |
| | |Zhongxindian Township | | | |
|14 |Ancient Tomb of Miaodong |Southeast of Miaodong Village, Guoli|Han |1978.2.25 |First Patch |
| | |Township | | | |
|15 |Tomb of Wangkanjiunvzhu |East of Wangkan Village, |Han |1978.2.25 |First Patch |
| | |Kanzhuang Township | | | |
|16 |Tombs of Xingquan |North of Xingquan Village |Han |1978.2.25 |First Patch |
| | |Shiqiang Township | | | |
|17 |Ancient Tomb of Xiezhuang |Xiezhuang Village, |Three Kingdom |1978.2.25 |First Patch |
| | |Taiping Township | | | |
|18 |Tombs of Liubao |North of Dushan Village, |Ji |1978.2.25 |First Patch |
| | |Guoli Township | | | |
|19 |Temple of Xupi |Xutaoyuan Village, |Ming |1978.2.25 |First Patch |
| | |Xiangcheng Township | | | |
|20 |Inscribed Stone Tablets in |Houwucun Village, |Jin, Ming, and |1978.2.25 |First Patch |
| |Shoufeng Temple |Shiqiang Township |Qing | | |
|21 |Stone Carving of Chaitai |Northeast of Dayan Village |Ming |1978.2.25 |First Patch |
| |Hill of Lufu |Zhangzhuang Township | | | |
|22 |Historic Site of Mount |East of Nanguan Community |Zhou |1995.7.25 |Second Patch |
| |Hujia |Qiangquan Neighborhood | | | |
|23 |Historic Site of Yuezhuang |West of Yuezhuang Village, Beisu |Zhou, |1995.7.25 |Second Patch |
| |Village |Township |Sui Tang | | |
|24 |Historic Site of Miaoshan |West of Miaoshan Village |Western Zhou |1995.7.25 |Second Patch |
| |Village |Guoli Township | | | |
|25 |Historic Site of |West of Xiliuxi Village |Zhou |1995.7.25 |Second Patch |
| | |Kanzhuang Township | | | |
|26 |Historic Site of Cutting |Historic Site of Noth Nanguan |Yuan – Qing |1995.7.25 |Second Patch |
| |off Loom by Mencius’ Mother|Community, | | | |
| | |Qianquan Neighborhood Office | | | |
|27 |Tombs of Wangquhan |Northwest of Wangqu Village, Guoli |Han |1995.7.25 |Second Patch |
| | |Township | | | |
|28 |Stone Arch Bridge in |Historic Site of North Xiaoshi |Ming |1995.7.25 |Second Patch |
| |Xiaoshi |Village, Shiqiang Township | | | |
|29 |Dayuan Opera Building |Historic Site of North Dayuan |Qing |1995.7.25 |Second Patch |
| | |Village, Zhongxindian Township | | | |
|30 |Tomb Tablet of ChenQingsong|East of Dahetan Village Xiangcheng |Republic of China |1995.7.25 |Second Patch |
| | |Township | | | |
|31 |Temple of Yanhui’s Mother |Songjia Shantou Village, Tianhuang |Ming, , Qing |2006.6.6 |Third Patch |
| | |Township | | | |
|32 |Temple of Panshi Family |Zhongtang Village |Qing |2006.6.6 |Third Patch |
| | |Tangzhong Township | | | |
It can be seen in these Tables that there are 156 items of very important cultural heritage assets under protection of the World, National and local levels respectively, of which there are one unit of World Cultural Heritage namely: Confucius Temple, Confucius Family Mansion and Confucius Cemetery in Qufu. It has 12 units of important cultural heritage under national level protection, including Lu Kingdom Historic City of Qufu, Confucius Temple and Mansion, Yan Temple, Mt. Ni Confucius Temple and Academy of Classical Learning, Lu King’s Tomb of Han dynasty, Confucius Cemetery, Historic City of Zhu State, Mencius Temple and Family Mansion, Lu King’s Tombs of Ming Dynasty, Mencius Cemetery, Buddhist Inscriptions on Cliff of Mt. Tie, Mt. Gang and Mt. Ge. Among them, Yan Temple, Mt. Ni Confucius Temple and Academy, Mencius Temple, Mansion and Cemetery have been listed as extension items of World Heritage (tentative name-list). Those, named as Famous Historical Cultural Cities at national level are Ming Historic City of Qufu and Historic City Area of Zoucheng. In addition，there are 28 Important Cultural Relic Protection Units at Provincial level, and 15 units and 98 units under protection of Municipal and County levels respectively.
In view of times, the existing cultural heritage in Qufu and Zoucheng can be traced back to the pre-historic cultural ruins in the year 2667BC, covering ever since a time span of 5000 years, in which it was divided into 11 historic periods namely: Pre-history, Xia-Shang-Zhou Dynasties, Qin-Han Dynasties, Three Kingdoms, North South Dynasty, Sui-Tang, Song and Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, as well as the Neoteric and Modern eras. Among them, the heritage assets are mainly distributed in the times of Xia-Shang, Qin-Han and Ming-Qing, and some of the cultural heritage belongs to that of neoteric and modern eras. In view of historic times, the existing cultural relics in the two cities have comparatively a high value.
(2) The Value of Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage
The cultural heritage of Qufu and Zoucheng has formed a core and great system of Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage, and those centered as World Heritage is the Cultural Heritage of “three Confucius” with Confucius at center, of which there are 12 items of cultural heritage belonging to National Heritage in China, and 7 items are directly core heritage of Confucius and Mencius Culture. Among them, Confucius Temple, Confucius Family Mansion and Confucius Cemetery were listed as World Heritage simultaneously; Mount Ni architectural complex is the birth place of Confucius, and later it became a place offering sacrifices to Confucius and his parents and an ancient library. Yan Temple is used to offer sacrifices to Yanhui, the famous disciple of Confucius; Mencius Temple is the temple for descendants of Mencius to pay tribute to Mencius, and Mencius Mansion is used to be a residential complex for Mencius Family members; Mencius Cemetery is the graveyard for Mencius Family members who passed away. Mencius Temple, Mencius Mansion, Mencius Cemetery, Mt. Ni Confucius Temple and Yan Temple were all enlisted onto tentative list for World Heritage (in 2008); Qufu Lu Historic City, another item of cultural heritage, was the great capital city of Lu Kingdom where Confucius had lived 2500 years ago, and was listed as extension of Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage. It has 148 additional heritage sites at local levels, 60% of them are related to Confucius and Mencius Culture, and the rest 40% are some other kinds of Cultural heritage. In view of the cultural heritage value of Confucius and Mencius, obviously it is very important to enhance the protection of heritage sites in the project area.
(3)Cultural Relic Protection Units related to Rehabilitation of the Project Area
The preservation and rehabilitation of cultural relics in the proposed project are mainly involved in Confucius Temple，Confucius Mansion and Confucius Cemetery, Lu Kingdom Historic City of Qufu, Yan Temple, Ming Historic City, Former County Government Building of Qufu, Old10- Mansion (former residence of Kong Guangsen), 4-Mansion (its protection level not yet defined), Gupan Pond, Historic Building Complex of Mt. Ni, Historic Site of Confucius Cave, Mencius Temple, Mencius Mansion and Mencius Cemetery. For contents of rehabilitation, see special paragraph on analysis of engineering works and analysis of impact of cultural relics.
2.4.2 An Outline of Cultural Heritage Preservation Plan in the Project Area
For the past ten years, in order to protect the cultural heritage in Jining, the three-level Governments of provincial, municipal and county had worked out the corresponding preservation plans respectively. These plans are involved in over 10 relevant plans from Regional Master Plan to partially local detailed plans.
Among provincial level plans, the relatively representative plans are 《The Special Plan for Culture Industrial Development from 2007 to 2015 in Shandong Province》and 《The Master Plan for Tourism Development in Shandong Province》, which had defined the priorities and directions for development of the project areas, and proposed the safeguard mechanism and measures. The proposed project is just located in the key areas of the two plans mentioned above.
Among municipal level plans, those, represented by 《The Urban Master Plan in Jining City》and《The Master Plan for Tourism Development in Jining City》, have proposed the development direction for establishing Chinese Cultural City of Confucianism and the Famous City of Historic Cultural Tourism in the proposed project areas.
As for the County level plans, both Qufu and Zoucheng have worked out corresponding preservation plans in accordance with its own regional conditions and preservation contents respectively. For that of Qufu, it includes:《The Urban Master Plan in Qufu》,《The Detailed Plan for Development Control in Qufu》and《 The Master Plan for Cultural Heritage Preservation in Qufu District》, as well as 《The Plan for Major Ruins Preservation in Lu Kingdom Historic City》that is in the process of review. For plans in Zoucheng, it includes: 《The Urban Master Plan in Zoucheng》, 《The Preservation Plan for National Famous City of History and Culture in Zoucheng》and《The Detailed Plan for Development Control of Historic City Area in Zoucheng》, etc. In view of the plan contents, they have all proposed targeted requirements for the construction management and control of cultural heritage areas.
In view of planning, the Government Authority at three levels has all carried out a great deal of planning work for heritage sites preservation. Therefore, the relative contents of all these plans mentioned above are the important basis for the development of this EA Report.
2.4.3 The Conditions of Preservation and Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage Sites
Among 708 cultural heritage sites of six major categories, and Since the first patch of these sites were designated as important cultural heritage units to be protected in 1961, there are 156 heritage units have been enlisted as Important Cultural Relics Protection Unit at national or various local levels, and have been being protected by law, of which the Confucius Temple, Confucian Mansion and Confucius Cemetery were put on priority of the protection. Since Ming Historic City of Qufu was enlisted the Famous Historical Cultural City at national level in 1981, it has been protected by the relevant laws and regulations in China. The Confucius Temple, Confucius Mansion and Confucius Cemetery were listed as World Heritage in 1994, and then, the whole Ming city of Qufu was inscribed as buff zone of physical heritage assets. The last large scale rehabilitation of Confucius Mansion was carried out in 1936, and a certain amount of budget for daily routine maintenance of “three Confucius” has been being allocated annually by the local government. The funds of routine maintenance for other cultural heritages are being provided either by Government or from a part of revenue of entrance fee.
This project as the one for Confucian cultural heritage protection, will further promote the protection work of cultural heritage sites in the aspects of cultural heritage preservation, infrastructure upgrading and integrated environmental management and control, and will also create a good living environment for the original residents.
2.5 Current Environment Quality
2.5.1 Monitoring and Assessment of Environment Quality in Qufu
(1) Ambient Air
Based on the ambient air quality statistics at the routine monitoring point of urban area in the year 2007-2009 provided by Qufu Environmental Protection Bureau, the monitoring spot is located at Grade II area of ambient air quality, and the single factor index method was adopted for current status assessment. The statistical and assessment results are listed in Table 2.5-1.The monitoring spots and location is seen on Map 2.5-1.
Table 2.5-1 the Statistical Result and Assessment of Ambient Air Quality Status for the Year 2007-2009 in Qufu
|Statistical |Monitoring Factors |Statistical Results |Grade II Standard |Assessment Results |
|Years | |mg / Nm3 |《Ambient Air Quality | |
| | | |Standard》（GB3095-1996）| |
| | | | | |
| | | |mg / Nm3 | |
|2007 |Sulfur dioxide |0.019 |0.15 |0.13 |
| |Nitrogen dioxide |0.037 |0.12 |0.31 |
| |Respirable particulate |0.04 |0.15 |0.27 |
| |matter | | | |
|2008 |Sulfur dioxide |0.019 |0.15 |0.13 |
| |Nitrogen dioxide |0.032 |0.12 |0.27 |
| |Respirable |0.036 |0.15 |0.24 |
| |particulate matter | | | |
|2009 |Sulfur dioxide |0.019 |0.15 |0.13 |
| |Nitrogen dioxide |0.033 |0.12 |0.28 |
| |Respirable |0.038 |0.15 |0.25 |
| |particulate matter | | | |
As it can be seen from Table 2.5-1, the air environment quality detected at urban area routine air monitoring spots of Qufu (EPB) in the year 2007-2009 is able to meet the standard requirements of Grade II of the《Ambient Air Quality Standard》 (GB3095-1996).
Ming Historic City and Mount Ni in the project areas of Qufu all belong to the first Category of air quality. Due to a lack of routine monitoring spots and no other monitoring data collected, so it can not quantify the assessment for this time. According to the introduction of the local Environmental Protection Bureau and information collected through field survey of the assessment staffs, it is understood that although there is no any urban pollution source of industrial enterprises, but 10% of the residents adopted coal as domestic fuel and all of the residents in the urban area rely on coal for heating in winter. As the result, the ambient air quality of Ming Historic City in winter can not meet the first Category of air quality standards. There is no any industrial enterprise in the surrounding area of Mount Ni, with scarcely scattered villages nearby. The nearest village named Confucius Cave Village (having about 290 villagers) is located about 300 meters away from Mount Ni, and other villages are even in about 1,000 meters away. So, under the normal weather conditions, the ambient air quality in Mount Ni project area can meet Grade I of that standard.
(2) Ground Water
According to the information provided by the local Environmental Protection Bureau and field survey result of the project working team, there is currently no industrial enterprise in the project area. The pollutants of wastewater are mainly from emission of domestic sewage of the existing residents, managing staffs and mobile population. The domestic sewage generated by about 3000 residents living near the Gupan Pond in Qufu is straightly discharged into that Pond. About 2,500 residents living along the two sides of Yinli River in Zoucheng, their domestic sewage is discharged into Yinli River directly passing through the 18 outfalls. The emissions of pollutants at above mentioned areas can be seen in Table 2.5-2 as follows:
Table 2.5-2 Conditions of Domestic Sewage Effluent to Gupan Pond
and Yinli River
|Name |Population |Sewage Quantity（m3/a）|Pollutants Density and Emission Quantity |
| |No.（person.） | | |
| | | |COD |Ammonia Nitrogen |
| | | |Density |Emission |Density |Emission |
| | | | |Quantity（t/a） | |Quantity（t/a） |
|Gupan Pond|3000 |87600 |350mg/L |30.66 |35mg/L |3.07 |
|Yinli |2500 |73000 |350mg/L |25.55 |35mg/L |2.56 |
|River | | | | | | |
The engineering works for the first stage water system of this project will take water from Si River, north of the Qufu City. In order to know whether the water quality status in Si River can meet the requirements for landscaping use for the proposed project, Jining Municipal EPB was entrusted for this assessment to collect all the monthly average data (July, 2007- September, 2009) since the cross sections for water quality control was set up in Yi River, of which the cross sections of both Hongqi Sluice Gate on the upper reaches and Longwandian Sluice Gate on the lower reaches were all included. It adopted a single factor indicators method to carry out assessment and implement the Category IV standard for the ground surface water requirements.The water for landscaping use has to satisfy Category V standard. After calculation, the statistics result and assessment result were made and can be seen in Table 2.5-3, and monitoring spots and location can be seen in Figure 2.5-2.
Table 2.5-3 the Statistic Result and Assessment of Water Environment Quality Routine Monitoring for the Year 2007-2010 in Si River
|Items |Monitoring Time |Si River（Hongqi Sluice Gate Cross |Si River（Longwandian Sluice |
| | |Section） |Gate Cross Section） |
| | |CODcr (mg/L) |Ammonia Nitrogen |CODcr (mg/L) |Ammonia Nitrogen|
| | | |(mg/L) | |(mg/L) |
|Routine Monitoring |2007 |Rainy Season |27.9 |0.49 |27.6 |0.57 |
|Annual Average Value| | | | | | |
| | |Dry Season |30.6 |0.33 |38.5 |0.24 |
| |2008 |Rainy Season |29.2 |0.19 |38.2 |0.26 |
| | |Normal Level |35.7 |0.54 |37.9 |0.4 |
| | |Period | | | | |
| | |Dry Season |34.6 |0.93 |39.1 |0.23 |
| |2009 |Rainy Season |30.7 |0.47 |32 |0.51 |
| | |Normal Level |28.7 |0.54 |35.8 |0.73 |
| | |Period | | | | |
| | |Dry Season |28.6 |0.60 |38.8 |0.54 |
| |2010 |Rainy Season |25.9 |0.75 |28.7 |0.89 |
| | |Normal Level |33 |0.68 |39.5 |1.25 |
| | |Period | | | | |
| | |Dry Season |27.5 |0.32 |30.3 |0.85 |
|Assessment Standard |30 |1.5 |30 |1.5 |
|Value (Ⅳ Category） | | | | |
|Assessment Result |2007 |Rainy Season |0.93 |0.33 |0.92 |0.38 |
| | |Dry Season |1.02 |0.22 |1.28 |0.16 |
| |2008 |Rainy Season |0.97 |0.13 |1.27 |0.17 |
| | |Normal Level |1.19 |0.36 |1.26 |0.27 |
| | |Period | | | | |
| | |Dry Season |1.15 |0.62 |1.30 |0.15 |
| |2009 |Rainy Season |1.02 |0.31 |1.07 |0.34 |
| | |Normal Level |0.96 |0.36 |1.19 |0.49 |
| | |Period | | | | |
| | |Dry Season |0.95 |0.4 |1.29 |0.36 |
| |2010 |Rainy Season |0.86 |0.5 |0.96 |0.59 |
| | |Normal Level |1.3 |0.45 |1.32 |0.83 |
| | |Period | | | | |
| | |Dry Season |0.92 |0.21 |1.01 |0.57 |
As it can be seen in table 2.5-3, that during the rainy season, dry season and normal water level period, the CODcr and ammonia nitrogen indicators at cross sections of both Hongqi Sluice Gate and Longwandian Sluice Gate in the year 2007-2010 can not meet the standard requirements of Category IV of the 《Ground Surface Water Environment Quality Standard》 (GB3838-2002), but can all satisfy that of Category V, so it can be used to take the water for landscaping.
The domestic sewage generated in the project area will all enter into the Sawage Treatment Plant in Qufu City and after processing and reach to the standard, it will be discharged into Yi River. Therefore, for understanding the water quality conditions in Yi river, the Qufu City EPB was entrusted for this assessment to collect statistic data of environment quality status for the Year 2007-2009 from cross section of Fendian Dam of Yi River. It has adopted a single factor index method to carry out assessment. For the local ground surface water, it implements standard of Category IV. The statistics result and assessment can be seen in Table 2.5-4, and the monitoring spot and location can be seen in figure 2.5-2.
Table 2.5-4 the Statistic Result and Assessment of Water Environment Quality Routine Monitoring for the Year 2007-2010 at Cross Section of Fendian Dam in Yi River
|Items |Mornitoring Time |Yi River（Cross Section of Fendian Dam） |
| | |CODcr (mg/L) |Ammonia Nitrogen (mg/L) |
|Routine Monitoring Annual Average |2007 |23.4 |1.19 |
|Value | | | |
| |2008 |26.93 |1.16 |
| |2009 |27.68 |0.98 |
|Assessment Standard Value |30 |1.5 |
|（Category Ⅳ） | | |
|Assessment Result |2007 |0.79 |0.60 |
| |2008 |0.77 |0.58 |
| |2009 |0.65 |0.49 |
As it can be seen in table 2.5-4, the CODcr and ammonia nitrogen indicators at cross sections of Fengdian Dam Sluice Gate for the year 2007-2010 in Yi River can meet the standard requirements of Category IV of the 《Ground Surface Water Environment Quality Standard》 (GB3838-2002). The water environment quality is good and it can satisfy the ground surface water environment functional requirements.
There are no routine monitoring spots at Confucius Cave River and Mount Ni Reservoir and no other monitoring data collected as well, so it can not quantify assessment for this time. According to the introduction of local Environmental Protection Bureau and field survey of assessment staffs, there is not distribution of pollution source of industrial enterprises adjacent to Confucius Cave River and Mount Ni Reservoir, but only a small amount of domestic sewage effluent of villagers and agricultural non-point source pollution. So, the water environment quality can reach Grade IV standard.
(3) Underground Water
Based on environmental quality status statistical result at the routine underground water monitoring spot (Nan Spring) in the year of 2007-2009 provided by Qufu City EPB, it adopted the single factor index method for assessment. The statistical result and assessment result can be seen in Table 2.5-5 as follows: The monitoring spots and location can be seen in Figure 2.5-1.
Table 2.5-5 Statistical Result and Assessment of Underground Water Environmental Quality Routine Monitoring for the Year 2007-2009 in Qufu City
|Monitoring time |pH |Total hardness |
| | |Daytime |Nighttime |
|Routine Monitoring Annual Average Value dB (A) |2007 |53.9 |44.3 |
| |2008 |53.6 |43.9 |
| |2009 |53.4 |44.6 |
|Standard Value dB (A) |60 |50 |
|Assessment Results |2007 |0.90 |0.89 |
| |2008 |0.89 |0.88 |
| |2009 |0.89 |0.89 |
As it can be seen in Table 2.5-6, noise monitoring statistics in the year of 2007-2009 in Qufu City built-up urban area are all able to meet the requirements of Grade II standard of 《Acoustics Environment Quality Standard》 (GB3096-2008), that is requirements of ≤ 60dB (A) at daytime and ≤ 55dB (A) at nighttime.
2.5.2 Monitoring and Assessment of Zoucheng City Environment Quality
(1) Ambient Air
Based on the ambient air quality statistics at the urban routine monitoring spot in the year 2007-2009 provided by Zoucheng EPB, the monitoring spot is located at Grade II area of ambient air quality. The single factor index method is adopted for current status assessment. The statistical and assessment results are listed in Table 2.5-7. The monitoring spots and location can be seen in Figure 2.5-3.
Table 2.5-7 the Statistical Result and Assessment of the Year 2007-2009
Ambient Air Quality in Zoucheng City
|Years |Monitoring Factors |Statistical Results |Grade II of 《Ambient Air Quality |Assessment |
| | |mg / Nm3 |Standard》 (GB3095-1996) mg / Nm3 |Results |
|2007 |Sulfur dioxide |0.058 |0.15 |0.39 |
| |Nitrogen dioxide |0.044 |0.12 |0.37 |
| |Respirable |0.092 |0.15 |0.61 |
| |particulate matter | | | |
|2008 |Sulfur dioxide |0.047 |0.15 |0.31 |
| |Nitrogen dioxide |0.041 |0.12 |0.34 |
| |Respirable |0.085 |0.15 |0.57 |
| |particulate matter | | | |
|2009 |Sulfur dioxide |0.098 |0.15 |0.65 |
| |Nitrogen dioxide |0.038 |0.12 |0.32 |
| |Respirable |0.072 |0.15 |0.48 |
| |particulate matter | | | |
As it can be seen in Table 2.5-7, the ambient air quality at the routine air monitoring spot (EPB) for the year 2007-2009 in Zoucheng City can meet the standard requirements of Grade II of《Ambient Air Quality Standard》(GB3095-1996).
[pic]
The project areas of Mencius Mansion, Mencius Temple and Mencius Cemetery in Zoucheng City belong to the First Category Area of ambient air quality. But, due to a lack of routine monitoring spot, and no other monitoring data collected as well, it can not quantify the assessment for this time. According to the introduction of the local Environmental Protection Bureau and information collected through field survey of the assessment staffs, it is understood that although there is no any urban pollution source of industrial enterprises in the areas of “three Mencius”, but 10% of the residents adopted coal as domestic fuel and all of the residents in the urban area rely on coal for heating in winter. As the result, the ambient air quality of these areas in winter can not meet Grade I of air quality standards.
(2) Surface Water
Based on the statistical result of water environmental quality status at the routine monitoring spot (Yasheng Bridge monitoring cross section on Dasha River) for the year 2007-2009 provided by Zoucheng EPB, it has adopted the single factor index method for assessment. The statistical and assessment results are shown in Table 2.5-8. The monitoring spot and location can be seen in Figure 2.5-4.
Figure2.5-4 Indicator of Mornitoring Cross Section at Dasha River
Table 2.5-8 Statistical and Assessment Results of Water Environmental Quality Routine Monitoring for the Year 2007-2009 in Zoucheng City
|Items |Monitoring Time |Yasheng Bridge Monitoring Section of Dasha River |
| | |CODcr (mg/L) |Ammonia Nitrogen (mg/L) |
|Monitoring Annual Average |2007 |29.6 |1.93 |
|Value | | | |
| |2008 |26.5 |2.56 |
| |2009 |23.1 |2.07 |
|Assessment Standard Value |30 |1.5 |
|Assessment Results |2007 |0.99 |1.29 |
| |2008 |0.88 |1.71 |
| |2009 |0.77 |1.38 |
As it can be seen in Table 2.5-8, the CODcr indicator for 2007-2009 water quality at the monitoring cross section of Yasheng Bridge on Dasha River in Zoucheng City were up to the standard, but the ammonia nitrogen indicators exceeded the standard, that is 0.71 times higher in 2008 and 0.38 times higher in 2009 respectively. Therefore, the water quality of Dashahe River in Zoucheng City can not meet the functional requirements of surface water environment. The reason for exceeding the standard is mainly related to randomly emission of urban production and domestic sewage, and direct emission of the villages’ domestic sewage along the riversides without passing through any sewage treatment process.
The Dasha River converges into the Baima River finally, for which it is implementing the Category III of Water Quality Standard. But due to a lack of routine monitoring spot, and no other monitoring data collected as well, it can not quantify the assessment for this time. According to the introduction of the local Environmental Protection Bureau and information collected through field survey of the assessment staffs, it is understood that the water quality of Baima River in territory of Zoucheng City can not meet standard requirements of Category III at present.
The Xiwei Reservoir is the water source of industry of Zoucheng City, which is implementing Category IV of water quality standards. Due to a lack of routine monitoring spot, and no other monitoring data collected as well, it can not quantify the assessment for this time. According to the introduction of the local Environmental Protection Bureau and information collected through field survey of the assessment staffs, it is understood that the water quality of Xiwei Reservoir can meet the Category IV of water quality standards at present.
(3) Underground Water
Based on the 2007-2009 environmental quality statistical results at the groundwater routine monitoring spot (Tang village) provided by Zoucheng, it has adopted the single factor index method for assessment. The statistical and assessment results are shown in Table 2.5-9.
Table 2.5-9 Statistical Result and Assessment of the Groundwater Environmental Quality Routine Monitoring for the Year 2007-2009 in Zoucheng City
|Monitoring time |pH |Total hardness |
| | |Daytime |Nighttime |
|Routine Monitoring Annual Average Value |2007 |53.7 |43.9 |
|dB (A) | | | |
| |2008 |51.9 |44.2 |
| |2009 |50.8 |43.6 |
|Standard Value dB (A) |60 |50 |
|Assessment Results |2007 |0.90 |0.88 |
| |2008 |0.87 |0.88 |
| |2009 |0.85 |0.87 |
As it can be seen from Table 2.5-10, the noise monitoring statistics data collected from the built-up urban area of Zoucheng City in the year of 2007-2009 is able to satisfy the standard requirements of Category II of the《Acoustics Environment Quality Standards》 (GB3096-2008), that is ≤ 60dB (A) at daytime and ≤ 55dB (A) at nighttime.
(5) Sludge of River Course
In order to understand whether the heavy metal contents of the sludge from river course of the polluted Yinli River has exceeded the Water Quality Standards, so as to provide more reasonable and feasible solution measures to deal with it. This assessment has adopted a uniformed distribution of monitoring spots and has set up three ‘river course sludge’ monitoring spots in different sections of the river course, so as to monitor the current status of sludge quality of the river course in the proposed project area, and thus, Shandong Provincial Analysis and Test Centre was entrusted on 1st. June 2010 by the Construction Unit to undertake the monitoring and test work on current status of some items of sludge quality from river course of Yinli River.
① Monitoring Items:
pH, lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), total chromium, mercury (Hg), hexavalent chromium, boron (B), nickel, mineral oil, benzo (a) pyrene in a total of 13.
② Monitoring Spots Location
The monitoring spots and location can be seen in Table 2.5-11 as follows: (The monitoring spots and location of water quality can be seen in Figure 2.5-3)
Table 2.5-11 an Outline of Monitoring Spots and Location of Current
Status of Sludge
|No. of Order |Monitoring Cross Section |Notes: |
|1# |Yu Opera Troop |To understand current status of surrounding sludge |
|2# |Ruins where the Mother of Mencius cut off the |To understand current status of surrounding sludge |
| |woven cloth on Loom | |
|3# |Baihe (white crane) Paper Mill |To understand current status of surrounding sludge |
③ Frequency and Times of Monitoring
To monitor sludge a day, monitor and test it once.
④ Standards and Methods for Monitor and Test
The standard code for monitoring, test and its methods can be seen in Table 2.5-12 as follows:
Table 2.5-12 an Outline of Monitoring and Test Methods for Sludge
|Name |Code |Standard Names |Test |
|IItems项目名称 | | | |
|pH |LY/T 1239-1999 |Test and Determination of pH in forest soil |/ |
|cadmium, lead |GB/T 17140-1997 |Soil Quality：Test of lead and cadmium, KI-MIBK extraction flame |cadmium0.05 mg/kg|
| | |atomic absorption spectrophotometry |lead 0.2 mg/kg |
|Arsenic |NY/T1121.11-2006 |Soil Quality: Test of total arsenic in soil, Atomic fluorescence |0.01 mg/kg |
| | |spectrometry | |
|Mercury |NY/T1121.10-2006 |Soil Testing: Part 10, determination of total mercury in soil |0.002 mg/kg |
|copper zinc |HJ 350-2007 | ICP-AES |1 mg/kg |
|chrome nickel |HJ 350-2007 |ICP-AES |5 mg/kg |
|boron |HJ 350-2007 |ICP-AES | |
|hexavalent |GB/T 15555.4-1995 |Solid Waste: Determination of hexavalent chromium, diphenyl hydrazine|0.02 mg/kg |
|chromium | |spectrophotometric | |
|Benzo (a) pyrene |GB13198-1991 | High Efficiency Liquid Chromatography |1 µg/kg |
|petroleum |CJ/T 221-2005 |Infrared Spectrophotometry |20 mg/kg |
⑤ Monitoring Outcome
The monitoring outcome is seen in Table 2.5-13 as follows:
Table 2.5-13 an Outline of Monitoring Outcome of Current Status of Sludge
(pH dimensionless, benzo (a) pyrene μg/kg，others mg/kg)
|Spots |pH |Cu |arsenic |
|Location | | | |
| |Confucius Cultural |Due to lack of budget for years, backward of technical means and poor |It is mainly the sewage|
|Qufu City |Heritage protection|management, and other reasons as well, some of the cultural heritages were|discharged by cultural |
| |, |damaged severely. Some part of ancient architectural structure inside |heritage management |
| |Historic Ming City |“Three Confucius” and Yan temple were decayed, with oil paintings peeled |staffs and mobile |
| |Cultural Heritage |off, and damaged roads, walls, and small decorated works. The other parts |people in the city. |
| |Protection |of key historic buildings are also damaged severely, some partly clasped. |There are now totally |
| | |The arch gate, ancient trees and wells are badly needed with proper |3000 managing staffs |
| | |protection. Take Confucius Mansion as an example, the mid-wing of the |and 4.27 million mobile|
| | |Mansion was overhauled 60 years ago. Although it has got routine |people in the city. The|
| | |maintenance annually in recent years, but no sufficient finacial input, |main pollutants are |
| | |about 60% of colored paintings of Ming and Qing Dynasties are in dangerous|domestic sewage and |
| | |situation, and 30% of the outer black brick walls and ground space are |garbage. |
| | |eroded and in corrupted status. About 20% of roof wooden structures need | |
| | |repairs; Part of the only existing buildings of Ming Dynasty has not been | |
| | |protected properly. Almost all of oil paintings are peeling off. Many | |
| | |wooden frameworks are eroded and deformed. Meanwhile, over thousand stone | |
| | |tablets scattered every where were cracked and eroded to varying degree. | |
| | |This problem exists widely in different parts of the cultural heritage | |
| | |body, and it is very serious in some places. Among the most important 15 | |
| | |Mansions in the historic city, only 3 of them are well protected, and the | |
| | |rest 12 mansions remain less than 10% of their original architectural | |
| | |scale, being in danger of poor protection, while over thousand of former | |
| | |traditional architectures in ancient city are almost being damaged | |
| | |rapidly; | |
| |Lu Historic City |Due to lack of funds and technical problems for the maintenance of Lu | |
| |Cultural Heritage |Historic City, many ground space are getting eroded. Among 1/3rd of 35 | |
| |Preservation and |original heritage sites have been damaged. In addition to city walls, | |
| |Display |moats, drainage duct and a few well preserved remains, the rest large | |
| | |construction base sites and residential heritage sites are tied up | |
| | |seriously and also damaged to different extent. Except that the Moat | |
| | |section between Si River and Lu City has been silted up and wasted, the | |
| | |group of ancient springs has also been dried up. The other historic water | |
| | |system, mountains and natural elements continue to extend to today. They | |
| | |have maintained a good historical fabric and pattern with the ancient city| |
| | |of Lu Kingdom in Qufu. However, there are also many existing problems, | |
| | |such as that the scope of protection has not been announced by the | |
| | |Provincial Government formally. The protection landmarks are not always | |
| | |set up. The heritage assets files are incomplete and systematic. It has | |
| | |not yet established specialized management facilities at heritage sites. | |
| | |The archaeological works are not carried out consistently. Some of the key| |
| | |heritage sites have not been entirely identified, etc. | |
| |Mount Ni Cultural |There are few visitors at present. It is very quiet and tranquil, but | |
| |Heritage |because of soil erosion, there exists the danger of landslide hazard in | |
| |Preservation and |some places, with some exposed roots of old trees, lacking of protection; | |
| |Display of Qufu |The roads in the landscaping areas and some ancient architectures are | |
| | |lacking of maintenance, and badly need some management and proper control.| |
| |Ming Historic City |The building height in the city is restricted, the street block and |The main sewage is from|
| |Upgrading & Renewal |historic buildings have also been protected in name, but because of the |the residents, about |
| | |economic, technical and management reasons, it is difficult to maintain |5,000 people. The |
| | |the traditional residential buildings. Since 1950s and 60s of last |pollutants are mainly |
| | |century, the humble houses are spreading over. The historic appearance and|domestic waste water, |
| | |its related cultural atmosphere and charm of ancient city almost |coal and gas emissions |
| | |disappeared, and people settled overcrowded in the city with very poor |as well as solid waste.|
| | |living conditions. | |
| | |Some pipelines of water supply, rain water and sewage drainage are | |
| | |combined to use the same discharging pipes or ditches in Ming city at | |
| | |present, but very imperfect, only part of the opened or unopened drainage | |
| | |ditches combining rain and sewage built with stones are under the road. | |
| | |Most of the sewage is discharged to the open ditch on roadsides randomly | |
| | |with poor sanitation conditions. The arrangement of the refuse collection | |
| | |points is not well made. Except for some areas near the tourist | |
| | |attractions, the number of dust sorting bins is insufficient. | |
| | |Most of the existing roads were built for too long time, with road surface| |
| | |narrow, pitfall and rugged; The public flush toilets are few, and mainly | |
| | |are dried toilets. The power supply to the project areas is mainly from | |
| | |the urban power grid, but because of the early construction without proper| |
| | |design and planning, the power lines are basically low-standard | |
| | |structures, and plus setting up for a long time with a lower safety | |
| | |coefficient. | |
| | |The project area has so far no central heating system. Currently, it has | |
| | |adopted a method of small boilers, household type coal stoves, and coal | |
| | |powder stoves for heating. It lacks of piped gas supply, some residents | |
| | |use bottled liquefied petroleum gas and coal powder. | |
| |Lu Historic City and| After rehabilitation and restoration of Ming City Moat, Si River in the| |
| |Ming Historic City |north of the city has no linkage to the city water system, and not forming| |
| |Environment |a flowing water system. As a result, it is silted up and blocked again. As| |
| |Improvement, River |the long years of blockage, especially when the buildings spread in the | |
| |Course |inner city with rubbish dumped at random, and now the ancient Gupan Pond | |
| |Rehabilitation |water surface has been reduced to 1 / 10 of its original size, thus become| |
| | |the dead pond without water source. | |
|Zoucheng |Mencius Cultural |The latest comprehensive and overall maintenance of “three Mencius” were |In the “three Mencius" |
|City |Heritage |carried out from the year of 1986 to 1992, and since then, there is no any|Cultural Heritage Sites|
| |Comprehensive |comprehensive maintenance. As suffering erosion from storm and rains, the |areas, the pollutants |
| |Preservation |ancient buildings and affiliated cultural relics were damaged heavier. For|mainly come from the |
| | |instance, part of the old building’s foundation sinking, the wooden |managing staffs and |
| | |structure and parts corrupted and eroded, roof leaking and water seepage, |mobile people. It has |
| | |wall surface crisped, bulging or alkalized, decorative oil paintings |1,000 managing staffs |
| | |peeled off, the black bricks for road pavement and stair slates breaking |and 2.5 million mobile |
| | |up, etc. , therefore it needs urgent and comprehensive repairs and |people totally in the |
| | |rehabilitation. Stone artifacts mostly exposed to the outsides, the annual|city at present; The |
| | |erosion by wind and rain causing weathering, frost heaving phenomena, etc.|main pollutants are |
| | |resulting in soaked indecipherable handwriting. Disease and Pest Control |domestic sewage and |
| | |tasks for old trees are heavy. Their growing conditions are easily |garbage. There are 1600|
| | |influenced by climate change resulting in high natural mortality rate. |villagers in Xishantou |
| | |Mencius Cemetery has close relations with residents of Xishantou Village |village. The main |
| | |and lacks of circling wall protection facilities. While Xishantou village |pollutants are domestic|
| | |has poor environmental conditions with a population of 1,600 villagers at |sewage and garbage. |
| | |present, but no good water supply, sewage, sanitation systems and other | |
| | |infrastructural facilities. | |
| |Zoucheng Historic |As same as that in Qufu city, most of the ancient buildings in historic |It is mainly the sewage|
| |City Upgrading & |urban area of Zoucheng City (the old Zouxian County) are not the |from the residents, |
| |Renewal |traditional form, and very few remaining old houses have not been |with about 3,000 |
| | |repaired. The ancient city lacks of cultural and tourist attraction. The |people. The pollutants |
| | |living environment of residents is extremely poor. |are mainly domestic |
| | | |waste water, coal and |
| | | |gas emissions and solid|
| | | |waste. |
| |Zoucheng Historic |In recent years, the residents take advantage |无 |
| |City Environment |of river course on both sides of the lack | |
| |Improvement and |of unified garbage collection, a large | |
| |River Course |quantity of garbage dumping at random into | |
| |Rehabilitation |the river course, leading to its blockage, | |
| | |coupled with inadequate sewage | |
| | |collecting pipes, sewage discharged | |
| | |indiscriminately, causing its original | |
| | |drainage capacity greatly reduced, the | |
| | |river has become a veritable dirty channel, | |
| | |seriously affect flood control, resulting in | |
| | |pollution of the surrounding environment, | |
| | |seriously threatening urban ecology in | |
| | |Zoucheng. On two sides of Yinli River, it | |
| | |lacks of sanitation facilities and electrical | |
| | |and power facilities, with small amount of | |
| | |trees and weeds on two sides of the river, | |
| | |without unified environmental greening. | |
[pic]
Damaged Pavement
[pic] [pic]
Damaged Stonework
[pic] [pic]
Damaged Wall Damaged Column Base
[pic] [pic]
Withered and Rotten Old Trees
[pic] [pic]
Damaged and Cracked Stone Inscriptions and Stela
[pic]
Destroyed Wooden Structure
[pic] [pic]
[pic][pic]
Map 2.6-2 Example of Current Conditions of Historic City Area Environment
[pic] [pic]
[pic] [pic]
Map2.6-3 Example of Current Conditions of River Course and its Surrounding Environment in Historic City Area
The current existing problems of Confucius and Mencius cultural heritage are listed in Table 2.6-1, the current conditions of ancient cities can be seen in Table 2.6-2, and present environment conditions of ancient river course can be seen in Table 2.6.3. The current situation indicated that the problems of environment and cultural heritage preservation in the project areas have to be resolved as soon as possible.
2.6.2 The Current Pollution Source and Pollutants Emissions
2.6.2.1 Waste Water
The status investigation and collection of the information provided by the local environmental protection departments indicated that the project areas currently have no emissions of wastewater from industrial enterprises. The main wastewater discharge is the domestic waste water directly from the existing population, managing staffs, and mobile people. Combining the document of 《The Manual on Emission Coefficient of the First National Pollution Source Census of Urban Domestic Sewage》 with information materials provided by the local environmental protection departments, it has defined the current conditions of waste water and emission quantity of wastewater and pollutants, as it can be seen specifically in Table 2.6-2 as follows:
Table 2.6-2 Conditions on Sewage and Pollutants Generation
In the Project Areas
|Name |Population No. (person） |Sewage |Pollutants Density & Emission Quantity |
| | |Quantity（m3/a | |
| | |） | |
| | | |COD |Ammonia Nitrogen |
| | | |Density |Emission |Density |Emission |
| | | | |Quantity（t/a| |Quantity（t/a|
| | | | |） | |） |
|Qufu |Residents & Managing Staffs:8000 |233600 |350mg/L |81.8 |35mg/L |8.2 |
| |Mobile Population: 4270000 |128100 | |44.8 | |4.5 |
|Total | |361700 |350mg/L |126.6 |35mg/L |12.7 |
|Zoucheng |Historic City Area |Residents & Managing |116800 |350mg/L |40.9 |35mg/L |4.1 |
| | |Staffs: 4000 | | | | | |
| | |Mobile Population: |75000 | |26.3 |35mg/L |2.6 |
| | |2500000 | | | | | |
| |Mencius Cemetery & |Residents & Managing |49640 |350mg/L |17.4 |35mg/L |1.7 |
| |Xishantou Village |Staffs: 1700 | | | | | |
| | |Mobile Population: |1200 | |0.4 | |0.1 |
| | |40000 | | | | | |
|Total |－ |242640 |350mg/L |84.9 |35mg/L |8.5 |
Note：it has 80L sewage generated per person per day of Residents & Managing Staffs；30L sewage generated per person per day of Mobile Population.
According to the survey and relevant materials provided by Qufu and Zoucheng local Environmental Protection Departments, only about 50% of domestic waste water generated by the residents and tourists in the project area can be collected effluent into the sewage pipeline networks, the remaining untreated sewage are directly discharged into drainage ditch along two sides of the roads. Then it merged into the surrounding water body, causing pollution of water quality in the surrounding water.
2.6.2.2 Waste Gas
1. The Fuel Waste Gas of Residents
In the project area, the resident lives mainly on the liquefied petroleum gas, supplemented with some honeycomb briquets. Through the investigation, it is known that there are 1429 households in all in the Qufu project area, about 90% of total residents use the liquefied petroleum gas. Through the investigation, the consumption is about 1.0kg/per household daily, the annual consumption is 469.43t/a; 10% of the residents still burn the coal as fuel. Through the investigation, the consumption of coal is about 3.6kg/household daily, the annual consumption is about 187.77t/a. In the project area, all the residents burn the coal for heating in winter. The heating period is totally 120 days, the consumption of honeycomb briquet is the 12kg/household/day, and the annual consumption is about 2057.76t/a. There are 1314 households in total in Zoucheng project area, about 90% of residents use the liquefied petroleum gas, the annual consumption of LPG is 431.65t/a; 10% of the residents burn the coal, the annual consumption is about 172.66t / a. In project area, the residents’ annual consumption of coal for heating in winter is about 1892.16t / a.
Liquefied petroleum gas is one of the petroleum products, simplified as LPG. It is some kind of colorless, volatile gas from refinery or oilfield through process of putting pressure, reducing temperature, liquefying, etc. The LPG obtained from the refinery are mainly composed of propane, propylene, butane and butene, also containing a small amount of pentane, pentene, and trace impurities of sulfur compounds. The main pollutants are smoke soot generated, NOx, SO2.
Since LPG is a clean fuel, the amount of pollutants is not much produced. Its emission means is the non-organization source emission. According to “the part of domestic exhaust gas and coal cinder-production and emission coefficient of domestic source fuel gas burning facilities of urban and township” of 《Manual on Production and Emission Coefficient of the First National Pollution Source Census of Urban and Township Life Source》(Mar. 2008), theoretically 1 metric ton of LPG’s burning could produce about 17000Nm3 of exhaust gas. Its production and emission coefficient of main pollutants is 4.68 g/t - gas, SO2 25 kg/t - gas, NOx 21.8 kg/t - gas. The current conditions of gas emission from the proposed project area can be seen in Table 2.6-3. The coal consumption of project area is mainly supplied from local coal mines of Jining City. Through the investigation, the fuel coal indicates Vdaf29.57%, St, daf0.57%, Aad18.48%.
Table 2.6-3 an Outline of Fuel Waste Gas and Pollutants Emission
|Qufu Project Area |Fuel Quantity(t/a) |Pollutants Emission (t/a) |
| | |Smoke Dust |SO2 |Nox |
|Domestic Fuel Gas of Residents |469.43 |0.0022 |1.17 |10.21 |
|Domestic Fuel Coal of Residents |187.77 |3.07 |2.14 |1.98 |
|Fuel Coal for Heating of Residents |2057.76 |33.60 |23.4 |21.09 |
|In Total |-- |36.6722 |26.71 |33.28 |
|Zoucheng Project Area |Fuel Quantity(t/a) |Pollutants Emission (t/a) |
| | |Smoke Dust |SO2 |NOx |
|Domestic Fuel Gas of residents |431.65 |0.0020 |1.08 |9.4 |
|Domestic Fuel Coal of Residents |172.66 |2.82 |1.95 |1.76 |
|Fuel Coal for Heating of Residents |1892.16 |30.90 |21.53 |18.94 |
|In Total |- |33.722 |24.56 |30.1 |
2. Lampblack (kitchen smoke)
Lampblack emissions in the project area mainly are in the hotel restaurant and domestic kitchen, the current majority of them is not installed with kitchen smoke purifier. The quantity of lampblack generated was calculated by the experience numerical values (data from 《Manual on Pollutants Production and Emission Coefficient of the First National Census of Urban Life Source》). Figure of lampblack production and emissions can be seen in Table 2.6-4. Under the conditions that the purification measures was not taken, then the emission concentration can not meet the requirements of maximum allowable emissions of lampblack concentration for catering trade units of 《Shandong Provincial Standards on Cooking Fume Emission of Catering Trade》(DB37/597-2006).
Table 2.6-4 an Outline of Cooking Fume Generation and Emission
|Project |Cooking |Concentration of |Quantity of |Purification |Emission |Quantity of |Standards |
|Area |Fume |Generation |Generation |Efficiency |Concentration |Emission |onCooking Fume |
| |Quantity | | | | | |Emission of |
| | | | | | | |Shandong |
| | | | | | | |Provincial |
| | | | | | | |Catering Trade |
| |m3/a |mg/m3 |t/a |% |mg/m3 |t/a |mg/Nm3 |
|Qufu |7980310 |10 |0.080 |0 |10 |0.080 |1.5 |
|Zoucheng |7338050 |10 |0.073 |0 |10 |0.073 | |
3. Automobile Exhaust (Tail Gas)
The traffic roads in the project areas of Qufu and Zoucheng crisscrossed the areas, the highest concentration of vehicle exhaust emissions will occur when the cars start up, stop and idling operation. The main pollutants are NOx, CO, HmCn, and the emission ways are that of intermittent, irregular emissions, and mostly are small variety of vehicles. During the vehicles driving in the project area, their height of exhaust outlet is 35cm from the ground in average, belonging to a ground-source, non-organized discharge. This assessment will not make statistic about it.
2.6.2.3 Solid Waste
The solid waste in the project areas mainly composed of food debris, coal cinder, waste paper, glass, plastic and scrap metal, etc. According to estimation on generation indicators of urban solid waste, it has 0.5kg solid waste generated per person per day. In the project area of Qufu, there are 8000 residents and managing staffs at present, producing 1460t/d of domestic garbage. There are 4.27 million mobile people, and producing 2135t/d of domestic garbage. In the project area of Zoucheng, there are 5600 residents and managing staffs, producing 1022t/d of domestic garbage. There are 2.5 million mobile people, producing 1250t/d of domestic garbage.
Currently, there is no a unified and adequate garbage collection facility in the project area. Some of the garbage is collected by sanitation workers for recovery, and the collection rate is about 60%, and the remained solid wastes generally are thrown away, causing a long-term stockpiling.
2.6.2.4 Noise
The major source of existing noise in the project area is of the traffic and community noises in the commercial area. The traffic noise is mainly from roads in the local area, and the community noise is mainly from the life activity in the commercial streets of the project area.
5. Aggregation of Current Conditions of Pollutants Emission in the Project Area
The aggregation of current conditions of pollutants emission in the project area of Qufu and Zoucheng can be seen in the Table 2.6-5 and Table 2.6-6 as follows:
Table 2.6-5 an Aggregation of Current Conditions of Pollutants Emission in the Project Area of Qufu
|Type |Items |Generation |Reduction |Emission |Where to ? |
| | |Quantity |Quantity |Quantity | |
|WasteGa|Fuel Waste|Smoke Dust（t/a） |36.67 |- |36.67 |Atmosphere |
|s |gas of | | | | |No-organized Emission |
| |residen-ts| | | | | |
| | |SO2（t/a） |26.71 |- |26.71 | |
| | |NOx（t/a） |33.28 |- |33.28 | |
| |Smoke Dust |0.08 |- |0.08 | |
|Waste |Domestic Waste Water（t/a） |361700 |- |361700 |50% of sewage directly |
|Water | | | | |discharged; 50% of sewage |
| | | | | |discharged after being |
| | | | | |treated in the Sewage |
| | | | | |Treatment Plant |
| |CODcr（t/a） |126.6 |52.4 |74.2 | |
| |Ammonia Nitrogen（t/a） |12.7 |5.4 |7.3 | |
|Solid |*Generation Quantity of Domestic |5055 |3033 |2022 |Stockpiling at will |
|Waste |Garbage（t/a） | | | | |
*Note: Considering that 60% of the garbage is effectively treated, the waste water collection rate is 50%, the COD of collected waste water and ammonia nitrogen concentration of the final efflux are 60mg/L, 5mg/L respectively by consideration.
Table 2.4-6 an Aggregation Table of Current Conditions of Pollutants Emission in the Project Area of Zoucheng
|Type |Item |Generation |Reduction |Emission |Where to? |
| | |Quantity |Quantity |Quantity | |
|Waste |Waste |Smoke Dust（t/a） |33.72 |- |33.72 |Atmosphere non-organized |
|Gas |Gas of | | | | |Emission |
| |Resident | | | | | |
| |fuel | | | | | |
| | |SO2（t/a） |24.56 |- |24.56 | |
| | |NOx（t/a） |30.1 |- |30.1 | |
| |Smoke Dust |0.073 |- |0.073 | |
|Waste |Domestic Sewage（t/a） |242640 |- |242640 |Considering that 50% of |
|Water | | | | |sewage directly |
| | | | | |discharged; 50% of sewage |
| | | | | |discharged after being |
| | | | | |treated in the sewage |
| | | | | |treatment plant |
| |CODcr（t/a） |84.9 |35.2 |49.7 | |
| |Ammonium Nitrogen（t/a） |8.5 |3.6 |4.9 | |
|Solid |*Quantity of Domestic Garbage |3294 |1976 |1318 |Stockpiling at will |
|waste |Generation（t/a） | | | | |
*note: Considering that 60% of garbage is effectively disposed, about 50% of waste water in the historic city is recovered, and the collected waste water COD, and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen for final discharge will be 60mg/L、5mg/L respectively by consideration.
2.6.3 The Existing Main Problems and Solutions of Current Conditions in the Project Area
The landscape and scenic spots in the project area have been constructed for some time. Due to the chaotic management in early period, stagnated construction of infrastructure, it has resulted in some environmental issues existing in the process of project protection. Through investigation and analysis, the major environmental problems existing on current conditions of this project and corresponding solutions can be seen in Table 2.6-7 as follows:
Table 2.6-7 an Outline of Major Environment Problems and Solutions on Current Conditions of the Project Area
|No. |Environment |Main Problems |Solutions to be undertaken |
| |Factors | | |
|1 |Environmental |The heat supply network does not reach the area; a small |Adopting centralized heating system; Cancel|
| |Air |boiler, domestic furnace heating; Some residents have to |the project area of all small boilers; To |
| | |burn coal for cooking mainly, with low-air emissions, |fully use natural gas in the project area. |
| | |polluting the atmosphere. | |
|2 |Ground Water |The water quality in moat of Lu Historic City, Yinli River|Eliminate sewage effluent directly into; |
| | |and other water source does not meet 《Surface Water |After centralized sewage treatment, it can |
| | |Environmental Quality Standard》 (GB3838-2002) Ⅴ category. |be discharged; Prohibition of dumping and |
| | | |stockpiling of domestic solid waste; To |
| | | |strengthen the management and control |
| | | |measures |
|3 |Sewage |In the project area, it has no adequate drainage |Therefore, it needs to improve the drainage|
| |Discharge |facilities, and the existing one is under-standard and |pipelines underground in the project area, |
| | |poor in quality, absence of a unified planning. Most of |connecting them with pipe networks of |
| | |them lack of maintenance and repair; The part of waste |sewage treatment plant. After the sewage is|
| | |water from residents and publicly constructed facilities |collected and sent into the local sewage |
| | |are discharged directly into the surrounding water, thus |treatment plant, it will be properly |
| | |polluting the surface water. |treated before effluent. |
|4 |Solid Waste |There are only few points and positions of dust bins and |To improve the waste transfer facilities |
| | |flush toilets; In residential area, and on both sides of |and dust bins allocation for easy |
| | |the road, the dust bins are not installed reasonable, |collection and timely cleaning and |
| | |uneven distribution and poor management; |transport, so as to solve domestic waste |
| | | |pollution problems. |
|5 |Cultural |The cultural heritage is being eroded or even died out |To carry out protection, rehabilitation and|
| |Relics |gradually; Some physical body of cultural relics is in the|recovery of cultural heritage assets. |
| | |situation of grave danger. | |
3. Project Description
3.1 Project Background and its Significance
3.1.1 The Needs for Local Environmental Quality Improvement and for Cultural Heritage Preservation and development
Being as the historic cultural cities of over 3000 years, both Qufu and Zoucheng was well endowed with rich tangiable and intangiable cultural heritages. As the hometown of Confucius and Mencius, these two cities are important cradles of Chinese traditional culture, the oriental culture and world civilization, and what is more, the center and holly land for carrying forward Confucius Culture. But, due to the inefficient safegaurd maganism and enforcement of the preservation plan opproved by the government, and also following the historic change and local economic development, it has brought up unplanned dismantaling and construction by the original residents, as well as uncontrolled growth of new residents migrating from outside. With the stagnant infrastructure construction and a seris of other problems, it has endangered sustainable development of the local economy. Obviously, the dynamics for preservation of pysical cultural relics is insufficient, and the cultural heritage is even being nibbled gradually, some of the physical relics are under very dangerous situation.
Take Confucius Mansion as an example, the mid-wing of the Mansion was overhauled approximately 60 years ago. In recent years, although the routine maintenance is being carried out annually, but with insufficient input; About 60% of color paintings of Ming and Qing Dynasties are at the critical conditions, and 30% of the historic buildings with their black brick wall surface and the ground at the serious corroded destruction condition; Some 20% of roof and wooden frame structure need to be maintained. Such problems exist widely in each cultural heritage site. There are 15 most important Mansions inside the historic city, except for 3 Mansions abtained the good protection, and the rest 13 Mansions each has only remained less than 10% of its original architectural scale and are all in danger without proper protection.
Although the Ming Historic City of Qufu and Historic Urban Area of Zoucheng have been designated as Famous Historic Cultural Cities under national-level protection, but for several decades, they have only controlled the height of building construction, and most of the traditional archtetures have been changed; The majority of the residential buildings were built in 1950’s or 1960’s of last century, with low contruction quanlity in general and over-sized population density. The roads were only treated with simple hardening, without comfortable and qualified drainage and lighting. A lot of garbage was dumped randomly and sewage was discharged without proper disposal, as the result, it caused serious pollution to the surrounding environment
Through implementation of this project, it will promote the physical preservation of cultural relics and relevant technical development. Through the protection and upgrading of historical cultural street block, it will promote the community development. Through landsaping and afforestation of environment and public space, it will make historic city more attractive to the tourists. Through construction of information system, it will enhance the dissemination of Confucianism, minimize the demage of local cultural resources and decrease the risk of environment quanlity. Eventually, it will improve the quality of degenerating cultural heritage assets; Fully explore prolific thoughts of Confucius and Mencius Culture and profound spriritual base of oriental holy land；To have the magnificent cultural heritage assets of Chinese 5000 years’ civilization left over in Qufu and Zoucheng protected and developed. Therefore, it is of important cultural value and protection benefits.
3.1.2 The Need for Conscientiously Implementing the State and Shandong Provincial Policies on Enhancement of Cultural Heritage Preservation.
The Party Committee of CPC and Chinese Government have always attached great importance to the conservation of cultural relics and have promulgated the 《The Law on Cultural Relics Protection of the People's Republic of China》，《Regulations for the Implementation of Preservation of Cultural Relics of the People’s Republic of China》and other laws and regulations; The Provincial and Municipal Athorities have also promulgated the 《Regulations of Shandong Provincial Cultural Relics Protection Law》，《Solutions of Jining Municipal Cultural Relics Preservation》 and other local laws and regulations for heritage preservation, thus providing the relevant authorities to practice management according to law with a legal guarantee
In addition, the《Notice on Print and distributing the Master Plan of Large Heritage Sites During the “11th Five-Year Plan” Period》 (10, 2008) promulgated by National Cultural Relic Bureau and Ministry of Finance have confirmed to enlist Qufu Lu Kingdom onto the namelist of the Key Large Heritage Sites (100 sites in total), which will be involved in this project.
The National Athority will allocate a special budget for protection of these large heritage assets, so as to implement preservation engineering works for effective preservation of physical heritage assets and their environmental settings. Meanwhile, it will strengthen presentation and publicity work, upgrading the levels of preservation, management and utilizationin comprehensively, so as to realize sustainable development for cultural relic protection undertakings.
The document of 《Opinions on Work of Cultural Heritage Protection in Qufu Zone》（No.12办预函[2009]） issued by National Cultural Heritage Bureau has explicitly proposed to support developing cultural heritage preservation work in Qufu Zone (including Qufu and Zoucheng). It has also proposed that under the guidance of cultural heritage preservation plan, the local authority should make an overall arrangement of preservation works including rehabilitation of physical body of cultural heritage assets, protection of affiliated cultural relics, protected facilities construction, infrastructure construction, and environmental management and control.
It should earnestly enforce the national laws, regulations, and principals and policies regarding the work of cultural heritage preservation, and insist on the principal of “Focus on Preservation While Putting Rescue First”. It is obvious that strengthening infrastructural construction of cultural heritage preservation work is badly needed for realizing the sustainable development of cultural heritage preservation.
The contents of project construction are the key component of national large heritage sites preservation program and Qufu Zone cultural heritage preservation work. The construction of the project has to be established and implemented under the guidance of the program, meeting the requirements of the national and provincial policies on cultural relic preservation. It will further strengthen protection and management of key cultural relics of Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage Sites according to the laws. This is of great significance in both implementing the relevant preservation policies and promoting the sustainable development of cultural relics protection work.
3.1.3 Beneficial to Meet the Needs of Archological Work and Study on Confucius and Mencius Culture.
As a living fossil of historical process, cultural relics are the vivid testimony to the fact of historic development. The archaeological work and study on cultural relics will help us to understand the evolution of human development. It is also helpful to enlighten the level of appreciation, enrich the spiritual cultural life, and then propel the exploitation and utilization of resources.
The proposed project involves the area of two cities, including a world-class cultural heritage and also a number of national, provincial and municipal level cultural relic assets and cultural heritage sites.
The rich cultural resources have great value for scientific research, publicity and education, while the architectures of historic cities, as important part of historic remains, have reflected the achievement in various aspects of science, technology, culture and arts, as well as social political and economic situation in ancient times. They are the crystallization of wisdom and diligence of ancient people. It has important historical, artistic and scientific value.
Through construction of this project, it will benefit research and protection of this precious outstanding cultural heritage, meanwhile, it is also the important advantage for promoting the development of local economy, and serves better to enrich the spiritual and cultural life of the broad masses of people.
3.1.4 It is the key Component of Chinese Cultural Landmark City Construction, Local Heritage Preservation and Urban Construction.
The Chinese Cultural Landmark City was jointly intiated and established by the Organizing Committee of “Chinese Cultural Tie Project”, social community groups and organizations, and academician of two key academies in China, as well as compatriots and patriotics from all walks of life at home and abroad. It aims to carry out the great work of strengthening Chinese cultural cohesive force.
The document of《Notice on Relevant Opinions of Chinese Cultural Landmark City Project》issued by NDRC in 2009 explicitly pointed out: Do well the world cultural heritage (“three Confucius”) and the extension project of world cultural heritage, national historic cultural famous city, the protection of densely distributed numerous large heritage sites and numerous key cultural relic protection units in the areas, and also do well the works of ecological environmental protection, and do well the projects of environment management and control, as well as the infrastructural facilities, etc. By so doing, it enables to have even more significance of Chinese cultural landmarking, and creates a unique spiritual cultural space with the functions of morality, education, commemoration and demonstration. The Construction Project of Shandong Provincial Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage Site Preservation is an important component of Chinese Cultural Landmark City construction. It plays an important role in promoting the preservation of Confucius and Mencius cultural heritage assets and the construction of spiritual culture.
As a precious World Heritage and Key Cultural Relic Protection Unit, Shandong Provincial Government, Qufu and Zoucheng Governments have all paid great concern on local heritage preservation. They have set up specialized agencies, and organized the development of various kinds of plans. While undertaking the urban construction and economic development, they have always put priority of their work on the preservation of cultural relics, and have combined the preservation and tourism development with the economic development systematicly. The construction of proposed project will enhance the dynamics and capacity of local authorities in cultural heritage preservation, and strengthen local infrastructure construction and environment landscaping, and upgrade the image and attractiveness of the cities. It is the key important component of local heritage preservation and urban construction planning. Therefore, it plays an important role in promoting the preservation of cultural relic assets and economic development in these two areas.
5. It is the Need for Furthering Great Development and Great Prosperity of Culture.
To promote the great development and great prosperity in culture is the key and large strategic deployment made by Party's 17th National Congress of Central Committee of CPC. In order to implement the outlook of scientific development and the spirit of Party's 17th National Congress, the Shandong CPC and Provincial Government issued the call to the whole province on constructing economic and cultural strong province. This has fully reflected that the Paty’s organizations at all levels in Shandong and people of the entire province have high consouciusness and scientific approach towards cultural development, as well as their strong sense of historic mission and commitment to it. Both Qufu and Zoucheng are the most important famous historic and cultural cities in Shandong Province. Confucianism is the most outstanding and greatest influencial cultural resources in Shandong. The important position of cultural construction of Qufu and Zoucheng in Shandong can not be substituted and copied. Therefore, the construction of this project will play an important role in promoting the economic development and cultural prosperity of the two areas.
3.1.6 It Is the Need for Improving Reginal Environment and Reduction of Pollutants Emissions
Both Ming Historic City of Qufu and Historic City of Zoucheng have widely low quanlity of residential buildings, excessive high population density and lack of complete environmental protection facilities. They also need to further improve drainage and refuse collection systems. At present, a large amount of garbages and sewage are being dumped or discharged randomly without proper treatment, resulting in serious regional environmental pollution. Through the project construction, it will improve environmental protection infrastructure, reduce the quantity of pollutant emissions, and also improve the environment in the project areas.
3.2 Analysis on Compatibility of Project Construction and Relevant Policies
3.2.1 National Policies
(1) Industrial Policy
In the Article No. 25 of “Other Service Trade” of the No.40 Decree 《"Guidance Catalogue for Adjustment of Industrial Structure (version, 2005)》issued by National Development and Reform Commission, it has enlisted “Cultural Relics Protection and Facilities Construction” into the catorgery of encouraged projects. It shows that the implementation of cultural heritage protection project by using the loan of World Bank belongs to the category of encouragement for development, which fully conforms to the present executive national industrial policy.
(2) The National Programme for “11th Five-Year” Plan of Cultural and Natural Heritage Sites Protection
《 The National Programme for “11th Five-Year” Plan of Cultural and Natural Heritage Sites Protection》 has made analysis on current status and existing problems on management work of Chinese cultural heritage sites protection, and put forward the guiding ideology and basic principles for heritage sites preservation. It has calarified the general target and primary task, and proposed the safeguard mechanism for the implementation of the Programme. This implementation of this project meets the requirements of the Programme contents, and it is advantageous in realizing the Programme objective.
3.2.2 Chinese Strategy of World Bank
Chiese Strategy and Plan of World Bank are mainly shown in several aspects as follows：
(1) Improve the business environment, help accelerate the market economy switch, adopt fundamental mode for a series of knowledge transfer activity. The priority of support is put on assisting the central and local governments at all levels to strengthen macro economic management, help China to integrate itself into the global economy, push forward the reform of monetary system, promote private enterprise development, advance state-owned enterprise reform, and fortify the public sector’s management and control.
(2) Satisfy the needs of poverty stricken people, the vulnerable groups as well as under-developed area; Adopt the means by providing loans to support the rural development, the infrastructure and the social domain project, as well as analysis, policy consultation and training activities. The specific objective is to increase the employment, strengthen road traffic between under-developed areas and other districts, develop human resources, enforce social safeguard system, and enhance the benefit of targeted area in poverty relief project.
(3) Promote sustainable development. Adopt means by providing loans, policy support and institutional development. The projects supported are mainly in the fields of water resources management, small drainage basin harnessment, sewage treatment, clean energy, sustainable rural development and urban pollution management and control, etc.
The construction and implementation of this project aims to improve involved regional environment quanlity through the betterment of the infrastructure construction of the area relating to cultural heritage sites. Meanwhile, it will carry out capacity training for the residents in the involved area, so as to enhance the local people’s living standard and physiognomy of society of the involved area, and to develop more harmoniously in the local society. Therefore, this project's construction and implementation conforms to the strategic requirements to China by World Bank and is also coordinated and consistent with the strategic plan of the World Bank.
3.2.3 《Shandong Provincial Cultural Industry Development Plan (2007-2015)》(approved by Shandong Provincial People's Government , 19th Jan. 2008)
This plan pointed out explicitly that Shandong Province will take “Three Confucius” as the carrier, incorporate the cultural tourist resources of Confucius, Mencius and Zhengzi, etc. so as to construct the Confucian cultural tourist area; It will take Jining as the pivot, including Linyi, Zaozhuang, Liaocheng and Heze, and make prominent to Confucian culture, the Grant Canal culture, “All Men Are Brothers” culture and the red cultural resources and unique product characteristic, so as to build up the western Shandong cultural industry concentrated area. Now, it should speed up the advancement of Chinese Cultural Landmark City planning and construction, initiate establishment of the Specialists Advisory Committee, collect creative designs positively and conduct scientific argumentation on developing Chinese Cultural Landmark City, consolidate the feasibility study of contruction project, form the Program of Marster Plan, so as to make the construction process to proceed with all people to participate in discussions and reach the consensus. Starting from historic cultural heritage preservation, environment management and infrastructure construction, and basing upon completing the development of Master Plan for National Historic Cultural Famous Cities of Qufu and Zoucheng, it will put priority on Qufu to start-up implementation of a series of Confucius cultural engineering projects and infrastructure projects, upgrade urban cultural functions, so as to lay down good basis for the construction of Chinese Cultural Landmark City. The construction of proposed project is consistent with the requirements of above mentioned plan content.
3.2.4 The local Relevant Plan
(1) The Urban Development Plans
According to《The Master Plan of Qufu City (2003-2020)》 (approved by Shandong Provincial People's Government), the urban development general objective is to build Qufu into a garden type ecological city, which combine the historical culture with modern civilization. The regional functional location is for the World-Class Historic Cultural City, World Confucianism Cultural Center and an International City with the specialized influence, as well as the National Famous Tourist Attraction and Regional Central City. The orientation of urban land use development is: to develop southerly as main, assuming the momentum of “unfolding southerly, keeping control in the north, moving forward to the east, and expanding to the west”, so as to form an overall framework of “one city, two areas, four-groups mass”. Among them, the two areas refer to “the Northen Area and the Southern Area”. The proposed project is located at the Northen Area, which is mainly for business, trade, cultural entertainment and residence. It will fully demonstrate the comprehensive district of historical and cultural style and appearance. The proposed project is to protect and upgrade the historical and cultural street blocks. After updating the infrastructure of street block, it will be beneficial to the construction of famous historical and cultural city in line with urban development planning requirements.
According to the 《Master Plan of Zoucheng City (2005-2020 Years)》(approved by Shandong Provincial People's Government), the urban development general objective is to construct Zoucheng City into “the famous cultural city, the scenic homeland with hills and clean water, and also a strong economic city”. It will take Confucius culture as Zoucheng's core of competitive forces and the urban characteristics to cultivate, and will put stress on the preservation of historic cultural heritage assets, inherit and carry forward the fine tradition of “Credibility and Integrity”, and cultivate and assimilate outstanding culture.
The planed urban area will be turned into a space structure of “one nucleus, two axes, and four zones”, the National Level Famous Historic Cultural City, cultural tourist attraction, the National Energy Base and newly emerged base for manufacture industry. The poposed project is located at the central city. It will undertake upgrading of urban area, which is conducive to the construction of Famous Historic Cultural City. It conforms to the planning requirements of the urban development.
(2)《The Master Plan of Cultural Heritage Preservation in Qufu Zone》 (2010-2030 Years)
The Qufu zone difined by this plan is the total area including administrative jurisdiction areas of both Qufu and Zoucheng cities, covering the total land use area 2509 square kilometers.
The plan of Qufu Zone consists of three unique function areas and six cultural heritage concentrated areas. The three unique function areas include: Qufu unique function area, Zoucheng unique function area and Jiulongshan (Mount Jiulong) unique function area. The proposed project construction involves "the three Confucius", "the three Mencius", and Confucius Cave, which are all related to the three unique function areas. The six cultural heritage concentrated areas include: Lu Historic City, Shou Qiu, Zouxian Historic City, Mount Yi, Mount Jiulong and Mount Ni. The proposed project construction involves Lu Historic City, Zouxian Historic City and Mount Ni Cultural Heritage Concentrated Area.
In the plan, it is clarified that through the four aspects of urban space pattern protection, building height control, architectural style protection, ecological environment protection, it will carry on the protection and control to the cultural heritage and the urban environment. According to the cultural heritage historical value, the spatial distribution, the peripheral environment's characteristic and the protection requirements, and also basing upon the two levels of the key protection areas and construction control areas, it will carry on the protection and control to the cultural relic groups and its urban environment. The proposed project will be constructed in strict accordance with the Master Plan of Cultural Heritage Protection for Qufu Zone, and will conform to the requirements of the plan.
(4) 《Detailed Plan for Qufu Ming City Development Control》（approved by Qufu Municipal People’s Government, Dec. 2006）
The planned scope of Qufu Ming City are: starting from Bingli Road in the east, till to Guide Road in the west, to Jingxuan Road in the south, and to Yansi Road in the north, including the entire Ming City and the moat as well as the surrounding belt, covering a total planning area about 2.17 square km. The functional localization is to “manifest a compound functional zone with culture, tourism and residence of Chinese Confucianism spirit”. Protect and emphasize the overall fabric of “protecting Temple with the City”, formaing an overall framework of “one core area, six spots with one belt, and one link with one axis”. Of which, the one core refers to: Protect the Confucius Temple, Confucius Mansion and Yan Temple in land use independence, while highlighting its spiritual nuclear function of World Confucianism. The resources characteristic will form nuclear contents with Confucius heritage sites (assets), and take the ancient city of Ming Dynasty as material carrier of Oriental Holy City and hometown of Confucius.
The proposed project involves in the protection and construction of Confucius Temple, Confucius Mansion and Yan Temple, while carring out the upgrading of street block in Ming Historic City and environment comprehensive improvement. They are all in line with the requirement of this plan contents.
(5) 《The Protection Plan for Famous Historic Cultural City of Zoucheng (2008-2030)》
The total land use area in this plan is approximately 30.0 square km, which is adjacent to Yishan road in the east, neigboring Gangshan Road in the west, to east-west Menli St. in the north and approaching Miaoqian St. in the south. The planned area has been divided internally into “one belt”, “four big function zones” and “six main cultural presentation areas”. The “one belt” refers to the traditional commercial service belt with one axis and one line from the Second Sage St. Here, it will arrange the related cultural commercial contents, rejuvenating the pattern of traditional commercial activities of Zoucheng City, simultaneously meeting the daily life needs of local residents.
The “four big function areas” includes cultural commercial function area, landscaping and afforestation function area, educational function area, and hotel function area. The “six main cultural presentation area” refers to celebrity presentation area, Zoucheng fine culture and art presentation area, the academy culture presentation area, the historic museum presentation area, the Zoucheng folk culture presentation area, and Confucianism presentation area.
The proposed project is just located within the scope of planned area, and involves protection and construction of Mencius Mansion, Mencius Temple and other cultural heritages, while carring out upgrading of historic city area and environment improvement, which conforms to the requirement of this plan contents.
As can be seen from the above analysis, the construction of the proposed project conforms to the national policy and strategic requirements of World Bank. It is also in line with the contents of Shandong Provincial and the local planning. The construction of proposed project will help improve the local environment, protect cultural heritage and promote local cultural development rapidly.
3.3 An Outline of the Proposed Project
(1) Project Name
Shandong Provincial Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage Sites Preservation and Development Project by Useing the Loan of World Bank.
(2) Construction Unit
Chinese Cultural Landmark City Planning and Construction Office of Shandong Province (CCLCPCO) .
(3) Project Construction Objective
1. Overall Objective
The project overall objective is to promote cultural heritage preservation, and through cultural heritage preservation, sustainable tourism development and regional environment improvement and contral, to increase economic, social, and educational benefits of cultural heritage to local people.
2. Sub-Objectives
A. Promote the preservation of physical cultural heritage and its technical development
The proposed project and heritage sites areas in two cities include the World-class cultural heritage, also a number of National, Provincial and Municipal cultural relics and cultural heritage, of which Confucius Mansion, Confucius Temple and Confucius Cemetery were listed in the World-class cultural heritage namelist in 1994. However, because of finance, technical measures, management and other reasons, the tangible preservation conditions of physical cultural relics are inadequate. Meanwhile, the two historic cities have experienced a long period of recession and lost their original charm and attraction. Their rich material cultural heritages are declining and under serious threatening or even vanising.
The component of cultural heritage preservation and presentation of this project accounts for 32.22% of the total investment and has a specialized technical assistance funds, which will be used for technical exchange of cultural relic preservation with other countries, and introducing advanced technology from abroad.
B.Updating and Promoting Community Development through Preservation of Historic Cultural Street Block
The Qufu and Zoucheng historic cultural street blocks mainly surrounding the “three Confucius” and “three Mencius” Heritage Sites, have the equal importance with the core of heritage. Through the protection and updating of the street blocks, it will promote community development, while broughting up the sustainable development of historic city’s tourism, so as to further promote community development.
C. Enhance Attractiveness of Historic City, through Landscaping and Greening of Environment and Space
Through the improvement and control of historic city moat and water surface, as well as improvement of environment greening and landscaping, it will upgrade the quality of historic city space and landscape, so as to enhance the attractiveness of historic city tourism.
D. Through this project, it could introduce the advanced management ideas, promote the management and maintenance of historic cultural famous Cities, urban development control, sustainable tourism development, and marketing and management; through construction of information systems, it could raise public awareness of Confucius Culture and dissemination of Confucianism.
E. Through carring out this project, while fully demonstrating the way of Chinese traditional culture, it could construct one of the platforms for the development of Chinese culture towards 21st Century.
3. Project Investment
The total investment of this project is 886.475 million RMB yuan (Qufu 433.9298 million RMB yuan, Zoucheng 452.5452 million RMB yuan), of which, the Chinese domestic counterpart is 548.0631 million RMB yuan, while the World Bank loan is 339.9995 million RMB yuan.
4. Duration of Project Construction
The duration of Project construction is five years, ie.from the year 2010 to the year 2014. Of them, each sub-project is in 2-4 years’ duration of construction.
3.4 Proposed Project Components and Its Quantity of Engineering Works
3.4.1 Contents of Project Construction
The components of this project include three parts: A. Heritage conservation and display; B. Historic City areas and infrastructure upgrading; C. Technology research and community development; D. Capacity building and project management (technical research, community development, capacity building and project management are of software project. They don’t belong to the construction project or planning scope, which will not be assessd for this time). The contents of foundmental construction of this project can be seen in Table 3.4-1 as follows:
Table 3.4-1 an Outline of Construction Contents of this project
|No. |Project |Name of Sub-projects |Contents of Construction |
|1 |Cultural |Confucius Cultural Heritage |Confucius Temple Cultural |Ancient architecture protection and rehabilitation, |
| |Heritage |protection |Heritage protection |stone carving & tablets protection & traditional |
| |Preserva- | | |pavement surface protction, anticnt trees protection,|
| |tion & | | |etc. |
| |Presenta- | | | |
| |tion | | | |
| | | |Confucius Mansion Mid-wing |Ancient architecture maintenance & rehabilitation, |
| | | |Cultural Heritage protection |traditional pavement surface protection, back garden |
| | | | |protection & rehabilitation, etc. |
| | | |Confucius Mansion East-wing |Ancient architecture maintenance & rehabilitation, |
| | | |Cultural Heritage protection |traditional pavement surface protection, etc. |
| | | |Confucius Cemetery Cultural |Ancient architecture maintenance & rehabilitation, |
| | | |Heritage protection |traditional pavement surface protection, ancient |
| | | | |trees protection, etc. |
| | | |Mount Ni. Cultural Heritage |Raw stone retaining slope，ancient trees protection, |
| | | |protection |Ancient architecture maintenance & rehabilitation |
| | | |stone carving & tablets |Basic protection of srone carving and stone tablets |
| | | |protection | |
| | |Historic Ming City Cultural |Key Histoic |Old 10 Mansion |Ancient architecture maintenance & restoration, |
| | |Heritage Protection (Qufu)） |Cultural | |courtyard protection, etc. |
| | | |Heritage | | |
| | | |protect- tion | | |
| | | | |4- Mansion |Ancient architecture repairs |
| | | | |Former County |Ancient architecture repairs |
| | | | |Government | |
| | | |Other small size heritage sites |Arch Gate Restoration, other stone carvings & |
| | | |protection and restoration |tablets, ancient wells and trees’protection in Ming |
| | | | |Historic City, etc. |
| | | |stone carving & tablets |srone carving and stone tablets, |
| | | |protection |inside Ming old city |
| | |Lu Historic City Cultural |road landscape facilities |Construction or renovation of main Pass, small Rd. |
| | |Heritage Preservation and | |and blank pass or landing stage or bridge |
| | |Display (Qufu) | | |
| | | |Cultural heritage protection and |City wall protection, wall ditch protection,Zhu river|
| | | |display |rehabilitation, tablets zone protection（stone |
| | | | |carving and stone tablets protection） |
| | | |Tourists service facilities |increase new wooden bargage sorting bins |
| | |Mencius Cultural Heritage |Mencius Temple Cultural Heritage |Ancient architectures maintenance & rehabilitation, |
| | |Comprehensive |Preservation |stone carving & stone tablets and traditional |
| | |Preservation（Zoucheng） | |pavement surface protection, etc. |
| | | |Mencius Mansion Cultural Heritage|Ancient architectures maintenance & rehabilitation, |
| | | |Preservation |stone carving & stone tablets and traditional |
| | | | |pavement surface protection, etc. |
| | | |Mencius Cemetery Cultural | Ancient architectures maintenance & rehabilitation, |
| | | |Heritage Preservation |stone carving & stone tablets and traditional |
| | | | |pavement surface protection, ancient trees |
| | | | |protection, fire prevention pass in the woods, |
| | | | |cemetery border maintenance, tourist service |
| | | | |centre,parking lot, comprehensive renovation on east |
| | | | |side of immortal pass of Mencius Cemetery（Xishantou |
| | | | |village） |
| | | |Safety Precaution System |safety precaution system consists of anti-theft alarm|
| | | | |system, TV monitoring system, voice reviewing |
| | | | |system, communication system, watchman tour system , |
| | | | |access control system and ups system, etc. |
|2 |Upgrading of |Ming Historic City Upgrading & |Historic Street Block Upgrading &|Upgrading of Street Block Buildings |
| |Historic City |renewal |renewal | |
| |Areas & |（Qufu） | | |
| |Infrastruc- | | | |
| |ture | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | |Urban Infrastructure Upgrading in|Road, water supply, fire proof facilities, drainage |
| | | |East Urban Area |facilities, power facilities, fuel gas, heating |
| | | | |supply, environment sanitation facilities, etc. |
| | |Lu Historic City and Ming |The First Stage |Constuction |Rubber dam engineering works, water diverting pipe |
| | |Historic City Environment |Water System：Si|Engineering |engineering works, housing construction engineering |
| | |Improvement, River Course |River water |Works |works and other construction engineering works, etc. |
| | |Rehabilitation |storage | | |
| | |（Qufu） |and diverting | | |
| | | |into city | | |
| | | |engineer-ing | | |
| | | |works | | |
| | | | |Temporary |Wter diverting engineering works, construction |
| | | | |Engineering |traffic engineering works, housing construction |
| | | | |Works |engineering works, and other temporary works. |
| | | |The Second Stage Water |Road, landscaping facilities and sanitation |
| | | |System：Ming City Moat Water |facilities, etc. |
| | | |System Upgrading | |
| | | |The Third Water System：Gu Pan |Water inlet and outlet works, Gu Pan Pond |
| | | |Pond |rehabilitation, roads, parks architecture & |
| | | | |landscaping, environment sanitation facilities. |
| | |Zoucheng Historic City Upgrading|Upgrading and reconstruction of |Second Sage Mansion Rd., Second Sage Rd., renovation |
| | |& renewal |block building |and renewal of Guojiepeng Street Residential |
| | |（Zoucheng） | |Builsings. |
| | | | |Street block landmarking arch gate & public buildings|
| | | | |redevelopment |
| | | |Mencius Elementary School |Mencius Primary School |
| | | |Block A infrastructure |Historic streets, alley and roads |
| | | |Facilities upgrading | |
| | | | |Water supply and drainage facilities, power lighting,|
| | | | |heating gas, heating supply, fire prevention |
| | | | |facilities, environment sanitation facilities |
| | | |Community training |Zoucheng Historic City |
| | | | |and Xishantou Village |
| | |Zoucheng Historic City |River Course Harnessing |River Course Engineering Works |
| | |Environment improvement and | | |
| | |reiver course rehabilitation | | |
| | |（Zoucheng） | | |
| | | |Traffic facilities construction |Landscaping bridges |
| | | | |Pedestrian Rd. on river sides |
| | | |Infrastructure |Water supply and drainage facilities, power lighting,|
| | | | |heating gas, heating supply, fire prevention |
| | | | |facilities, environment sanitation facilities |
3.4.2 The Construction Contents and Scope of Cultural Heritage Preservation & Presentation
3.4.2.1 Cultural Heritage Preservation of Confucius
Through implementation of this project, it will protect and manage the cultural heritage of Ming Historic City in accordance with the requirements proposed by Cultural Relics Department. Through rehabilitation and repair, it could protect the historical cultural relics and heritage assets, improve the current status of environment in main landscape and scenic spots. The specific construction contents are shown in Table 3.4-2, of which the construction position of Confucius Temple Cultural Heritage Protection is seen in Map 3.4-1. The construction position of Confucius Mansion Cultural Heritage Protection is seen in Map 3.4-2. The construction position of Confucius Forest Cultural Heritage Protection is seen in Map 3.4-3. The construction position of Mount Ni Cultural Heritage Protection is seen in Map 3.4-4.
Table 3.4-2 the Construction Contents of Cultural Heritage Preservation of Confucius
|No. |Name of Item |Construction |Scale and Quantity of Engineering Works |
| | |Nature | |
|1 |Confucius Cultural Heritage Preservation |
|1.1 |Confucius Cemetery Culutral Heritage Preservation |
|1.1.1 |Historic |Maintenance |The total area for repair is about6971.5㎡，the specific contents for repair are |
| |Building |& Repair |as follows: |
| |Maintenance | |①To renovate the roofs of buildings, such as Demu Heven and Earth, Daoguan Arch |
| |& Repair | |Gates (old and new), 4 Watch-Towers of Confucius Temple, Hongdao Gate, Kuiwen |
| | | |Pavilion, 13 Tablets Pavilions, etc., to repair roofs and replace the damaged |
| | | |tiles, decayed eaves, repair beams wooden structure, damaged walls,repaire windows|
| | | |and gates, repaint their lower framworks, windows and gates；rebuild Chenghua and |
| | | |Hongzhi Tablets Pavilions； |
| | | |② Rebuild the broken and cracked part of wall bodies of Gate of Great Achivement, |
| | | |East-West庑 and other buildings, repair doors, repaint undercarriage, windows and |
| | | |doors; To seal and preserve original color painting; repave the quadrel bricks on|
| | | |floor surface inside rooms. |
| | | |③To partially demolish and rebuild the broken and cracked wall bodies of |
| | | |Succeeding Sage Gate, Sili Hall, etc.; Repair doors and repaint undercarriage, |
| | | |windows and doors, repave quadrel bricks on floor surface inside rooms. |
| | | |④To replace the decayed rafters, roof boading and eave edgingand tiles edging of |
| | | |Qisheng Gate, Music Instruments Store Room, Qisheng Palace, Qisheng Bedroom, and |
| | | |Holy Kitchen; To repair doors, repaint undercarriage, windows and doors; To seal |
| | | |and preserve original color paintings; repave square bricks on floor surfacinside |
| | | |rooms. |
|1.1.2 |Traditinal |Repair |About 20 courtyards, covering 12000㎡ in total. If the damaged area is caculated |
| |Pavement | |by 30%, it needs to repair 3600㎡. |
| |protection | | |
|1.2 |Confucius Masion Mid-road Cultural Heritage Preservation |
|1.2.1 |Historic |Preservation |The area for protection and repair of historic buildings is about 2762.6㎡，the |
| |Building |& Repair |contents of protection and repair are as follows; Repair the Five Back Rooms (by |
| |Maintenance | |taking apart and overhalling the wooden framework）: 180.5㎡；The Main Forest |
| |& Repair | |Gate, Second ary Forest Gate（repaint Bofeng，check and repair the roof |
| | | |covering）:140㎡,132㎡；3 Eastern-wing Halls（repair and consolidating）: |
| | | |340㎡；East-west Wing Gate of Large Hall（adjust and repair）: 17.5㎡；East |
| | | |Side-Rooms of 3 Halls（adjust and repair）: 150㎡；East Side-Room of Front Upper |
| | | |House（adjust and repair）: 262.2㎡；Front Hall Story-Building and its East-West |
| | | |Side-Room (adjust and repair）: 780㎡；Back Hall Story-Building and Back Eastern |
| | | |Building, Back Western Story- Building（adjust and repair）: 760.4㎡. |
|1.2.2 |Traditional |Repair |If the damaged pavement accounts for 30% of the total original pavement area, it |
| |pavement | |has to repair an area about 900㎡. |
| |protection | | |
|1.2.3 |Restoration of |restoration |Mainly rehabilitation and landscaping of Back Garden; The restored area is about |
| |Back Garden | |10260㎡. |
|1.3 |Confucius Mansion East-wing Key Cultural Heritage Preservation |
|1.3.1 |Historic |Preservation |The maintenance and repair are mainly conducted on Dongchangche Gate, Eastern |
| |Building |& repair |Library, Waching Views Platform, Jiuru Hall, Zhibai Study, Wine Store Room, |
| |Maintenance | |covering an area about 2100㎡ |
| |& Repai | | |
|1.3.2 |Traditional |Repair |If the damaged pavement accounts for 30% of the total original pavement area, it |
| |pavement | |has to repair an area about 800㎡. |
| |protection | | |
|1.4 |Confucius Forest (Cemetery) |
|1.4.1 |Historic |Preservation |To carry out maintenance and repair mainly buildings in Cemetery area, such as the|
| |Building | |Large Gate, the Second Gate, Sitang Courtyard, Immortal庖, Land Temple, Xiangdian |
| |Maintenance | |Hall, Zhuhua Pavilion. It covers a toal area about 1540㎡. |
| |& Repai | | |
|1.4.2 |Traditional |Preservation |Repair slate floor surface 3300㎡ in total. |
| |pavement | | |
| |protection | | |
|1.5 |Mount Ni. Cultural Heritage protection |
|1.5.1 |stone carving & |protection and |Choose the best program, implement old trees protection project. |
| |tablets |adding | |
| |protection | |According to actual situation, choose the most suitable program, carry out slope |
| | | |protection project. |
|1.5.2 |Maintenance and |protection and |Aim at Dacheng Palace and Eastern and Western Veranda, Sleeping palace, Qisheng |
| |renovation of |renovation |Emperor, Holy Kitchen, Holy cook, Auditorium , Guanchuan Pavilion |
| |historic | |According to technical procedures, choose best program, carry out corresponding |
| |buildings | |comprehensive protection project. |
| | | |Fix up water, telecom and electricity by the requirements for application. |
|1.6 |Stone inscriptions and stone tablets basic protection |
|1.6.1 |Stone |Fundamental |Fundamental protection: including record establishment, relocation, cleaning and |
| |inscriptions and|protection |building temporary protective facilities |
| |stone tablets | | |
3.4.2.2 The Cultural Heritage Protection of Ming Historic City in Qufu
Through implementation of this project, it will protect and manage the cultural heritage of Ming Historic City in accordance with the requirements proposed by Cultural Relics Department. Through rehabilitation and repair, it could protect the historical cultural relics and heritage assets, improve the current status of environment in main landscape and scenic spots. The specific construction contents are shown in Table 3.4-3, of which the construction position of Ming Historic City of Qufu, see Map 3.4-5.
Table 3.4-3 the Construction Contents of Cultural Heritage Protection of
Ming Historic City
|No. |Name of Item |Construction |Scale and Quantity of Engineering Works |
| | |Nature | |
|1 |Important Historic Architecture Heritage Preservation |
|1.1 |Old-10 Mansion（Former Residence of Mr. Kong Guangsen） |
|1.1.1 |Ancient |Preservation |The presrvation and repair floor space of Ancient Buildings is about 300㎡; The |
| |Buildings |restoration |floor space of two ancient buildings is about 200㎡. |
| |Maintenance and | | |
| |Repair | | |
|1.1.2 |Courtyard |restoration |To adopt traditional materials and according to the traditional means, to restore |
| |Restoration | |the decorarative pavement of courtyard, small detailings and greenings, etc. It |
| | | |will improve the corresponding infrastructure and restore an area about 600㎡. |
|1.2 |4-Masion |
|1.2.1 |Ancient |Preservation |To maintain the existing buildings, replace decay wooden structural parts, restore|
| |Architecture | |traditional forms of roof coverings, reinforce wall bady, adjust and repair the |
| |Repair | |pavement. The protected area is about 130㎡. |
|1.3 |Former County Government Building |
|1.3.1 |Ancient |Preservation |To maintain the existing buildings, replace decay wooden structural parts, restore|
| |Architeture | |traditional forms of roof coverings, reinforce wall body, adjust and repair the |
| |repair | |pavement. The protected area is about 180㎡. |
|2 |The protection and rehabilitation of other small size heritage in Ming Historic City. |
|2.1 | Arch Gate |Preservation |To carry out repair on 10 sites of existing arch gate by using traditional |
| | | |materials and traditional craftsmanship. |
| | |Restoration |To carry out reconstruction on 10 sites of arch gate which are located at key |
| | | |scenic spots and had been demolished during cultural revolutionary period, but |
| | | |their photos and foundations still exist, with good preconditions for |
| | | |reconstruction. |
|2.2 |Stone tablets & |Preservation |To amend and repair broken, or cracked stone inscriptions and tablets; Spray |
| |Stone | |protecting membrane to prevent them from weathering, wind, erosion of rain water; |
| |Inscriptions | |It has over 10 sites in all. |
|2.3 |Ancient Well |Preservation |To reinforce the 5 existing ancient wells and zoning the scope of protection; |
| | | |Clean the deposits and garbage inside wells and clean up the surrounding |
| | | |environment; Setting up the stone tablets for them. |
|2.4 |Ancient Trees |Preservation |To do insects bites proof for ancient trees, rehabilitee their heath and make them|
| | | |stronger; To support them with some posts if it is needed; Totally, there are 74 |
| | | |trees. |
|3 |Stone inscriptions and stone tablets basic protection |
|3.1 |Stone |Fundamental |Fundamental protection: including record establishment, relocation, cleaning and |
| |inscriptions and|protection |building temporary protective facilities |
| |stone tablets | | |
3.4.2.3 The Cultural Heritage Preservation and Display of Lu Historic City in Qufu
Through this project, it will carry out protection and management on the cultural heritage in Lu Historic City, basing upon the network of the ancient road ruins of large heritage sites, and set with rows of display walkways along the networks, leading to the city walls, gates sites, while linking up with all the important points of ruins, including the Zhougong Temple in Lu Historic City of Han Dynasty, and across over the heritage site of city walls, directly passing through Confucius Cemetery, Shouqiu and other important cultural heritage points. The specific construction contents can be seen in Table 3.4-4. The location distribution of construction contents, see Map 3.4-6.
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Map 3.4-3 Distribution of Construction Contents of Confucius Forest
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图3.4-5 Distribution of Construction Contents in Ming Historic City of Qufu
(Excluding Confucius Mansion and Confucius Temple)
[pic]
Table 3.4-4 the Construction Contents of Cultural Heritage Preservation, Management and Presentation of Lu Historic City in Qufu
|No. |Name of Items |Construction |Scale and Quantity of Engineering Works |
| | |Nature | |
|1 |Traffic Facilities |
|1.1 |Main Road |Renovation |Slate Pavement，Length 8000m，Width 4m（concurrently as Fire – Fighting |
| | | |Pass） |
|1.2 |PedestainPass |Newly Built |Length 10000m，Average Width 1.2m. |
|1.3 |Blank Road and Bridge|Newly Built |Length 1200m，Width 2m |
| |for Presentation | | |
|2 |Cultural Heritage Preservation & Presentation |
|2.1 |City Wall Protection |Protection |Length 1500m，Bottom Width 40m，Top Width 20-30m，Height 7-10m |
|2.2 |City Ditch Protection|Protection |Length 2600m，depth 3m，width 20-30m |
|2.3 |Preotection of Stone Tablets Zone of Harnessing Zhushui River |
|2.3.1 |Stone |Protection |One piece |
| |Inscriptions | | |
| |& Stone Tablets | | |
|2.3.2 |Environment |Renovation |Repair, Dredging, Greening of Spring Source Pond; The area is about 500㎡.|
| |Renovation | | |
|3 |Tourists service facilities |
|3.1 |Garbage |Adding |Totally 160 Wooden Sorting Dust Bins. |
| |classification | | |
| |dustbin | | |
|3.2 |Rest area |Adding |rest area I : altogether, occupying 310㎡(public toilet area is |
| | | |subtracted),there are 180㎡ greenland, and 130㎡ pavement. |
| | | |rest area II: altogether, occupying 290㎡(public toilet area is |
| | | |subtracted),there are 165㎡ greenland, and 125㎡ pavement. |
|3.3 |Public toilet |Adding |10 squat×2 set，planⅰarea76㎡ |
| | | |Planⅱarea 106 ㎡ |
|3.4 |Rest facility |adding |12 chairs need to be arranged in each rest area. The total number of |
| | | |chairs is 24. |
1. Traffic Facilities
In accordance with ruins (or historic sites) display route, it should carry out reconstruction as much as possible on the existing roads, new main road and main drainage ditch along the main road. The trunk roads are mianly used for pedestrian’s walking and passing of non-motor vehicles, electrical driven vehicles and fire engines. The newly constructed and reconstructed main roads are built with sand and rubble pavement. Beside the construction of the main roads, it will also try to link them with small passageways, so as to let visitors have easy access to pass by or to the historic sites. For preventing historic sites from the damage and being convenient to the pedestrians to visit, and also within the allowable scope of cultural relics preservation, it could build these paths over the historic ruins and sites with some simple trestle pass and trestle bridges, so as to prvide more convenience and pleasant views to the tourists.
2. City Wall Preservation and Exhibition
It needs to clear up the ruins of city wall and moat, set up a boundary tablet at an interval of every 50 meters, determine the visiting route, and to undertake necessary engineering measures and ecological measures for the protection of the ruins surface. It should take ecological measures by choosing the local shallow-rooted and vein grass species with good soil fixing effect, while meeting the requirements for preventing and controlling water and soil erosion, so as to improve the coverage rate of ground vegetation.
3. Preservation of Stele Area for Harnessing Zhushui River
Repair the Spring Source Pond, desilt and delimit the boundary of preservation scope; Carry out greening and afforestation.
4. Tourist Service Facilities
By considering that the tourists will increase significantly after this project is completed and put into use, and in order to maintain the environment of exhibition zone and provide convenience to tourists, it plans to set up sorting dust bins, which has to be compatible with the surrounding environment of the historic urban area along the tourist passageways in the heritage display zone. And in order to meet tourists’ needs for having a relaxation or taking a rest here, the special relaxation areas are planned to set up in the northeastern and southeastern corners of Lu Historic City respectively.
Because that the project area is far away from the urban supporting facilities (such as the sewage collection system, etc.), it needs a huge investment to divert the local sewage to the municipal sewage drainage network. Therefore, it will adopt full-automatic intelligent water-free flushing lavatories instead, which applys advanced solid-liquid separation technology to separate feces from urines. Then, the feces could be crushed by the treatment system. Urines are sterilized, disinfected, deodorized and purified by using specific toilet treatment agents, so the treated urines can be recycled for flushing feces, and thus water-free flushing is achieved. All process mentioned above are completely controlled in intelligent and automatic ways. The excreta (feces) are stored and removed by sealed garbage collection and transfer vehicles every day and sent to Landfill Ground for disposal. The intelligent water-free flushing lavatories is characterized by simple maintenance, low operating cost, no pollution and short construction period, therefore, it is suitable for application in the proposed project.
It needs to point out particularly that the public toilets in these two tourist relaxation areas are more than 200m away from the nearby villages.
4. Mencius Cultural Heritage Comprehensive Preservation
This project will focus preservation and management on “three Mencius” and its surrounding areas, set up a tourist service centre, public toilets, etc., and strengthen construction of infrastructure. It will jointly develop Xishantou Village and Mencius Cemetery into a comprehensive cultural heritage site. It will improve environment, while encouraging villagers to participate in tourist service and cultural activities through community development. The specific construction contents, scale and construction programs, etc. can be seen in Table 3.4-5. The contents distribution for protection of Mencius Temple and Mencius Mansion are shown in Figure 3.4-7, and that of Mencius Cemetery are shown in Figure 3.4-8 as follows:
Table 3.4-5 the Comprehensive Preservation of Cultural Heritage of Mencius Temple, Mencius Mansion and Mencius Cemetery
|No. |Name of Items |Construction |Scale & Quantity of Engineering Works |
| | |Nature | |
|1 |Confucius Temple Cultural Heritage Preservation |
|1.1 |Ancient Architecture |Protection |Treatment and repair area is totally about 3590㎡.The detailed |
| |Maintenance and Repair |& |contents of repair are as follows: |
| | |Repair |Carry out maintainance on Mount Tai |
| | | |Weathering Gate, Succeeding Sage Gate, |
| | | |Secondary Sage Hall, Zhiyan Hall, Yaozhu Temple. |
| | | |② Carry out protection of original appearance on peeled off wall|
| | | |surface of black bricks wall and its color, so as to prevent |
| | | |them from further erosion and weathering. |
| | | |③To eradicate original wall surface, |
| | | |And refill plastering and repaint onto the droppings of the wall|
| | | |surface. |
| | | |④ To dig and amend the softening, alkalized and salinized wall |
| | | |body, or replace the seriously broken bricks. |
| | | |⑤ To replace the damaged curve plate tiles according their |
| | | |original sizes. |
| | | |⑥ To add new drainage apron along the inside and outside of the |
| | | |wall. |
|1.2 |Stone Insciptions & Stone |maintenance |To clean and wash stone inscriptions and stone tabalets, |
| |Tablets Preservation | |minimize the process of weathering and erosion of them. It will |
| | | |treat 220 stone inscriptions and stone tablets in all, with an |
| | | |area of 2000㎡. |
|1.3 |Traditional Pavement |Repair |To protect original pavment with the length of 2000 m and an |
| |Protection | |area of 5000㎡. It should adopt traditional ways and traditional|
| | | |materieals to connect, amend and replace the parts that have |
| | | |been damaged seriously. |
|2 |Mencius Mansion Cultural Heritage Preservation |
|2.1 |Ancient Architecture |Protection, |The construction contents include entrance gate, ceremonial |
| |Maintenance and Repair |Repair |gate, large hall, Shien hall (Hall of Thanks-giving for |
| | | |Generations), Books-giving Building, with an area 335㎡, total |
| | | |length 510m, and height 3.8m. To patch and replace alkalized |
| | | |wall body bricks. To replace the damaged curve plate tiles |
| | | |according to their original sizes. To add new drainage apron |
| | | |along the inside and outside of the wall; To demolish the lately|
| | | |built wall and restore original wall status, with the wall |
| | | |length about 100m and height 3.8m. |
|2.2 |Stone Insciptions & Stone |Maintenance |To clean and wash stone inscriptions and stone tabalets, so as |
| |Tablets Preservation | |to retard the process of weathering and erosion of them. It will|
| | | |treat 20 stone inscriptions and stone tablets in all. |
|2.3 |Traditional Pavement |Repair |To protect original pavment with the length of 2550 m and an |
| |Protection | |area of 4000㎡. It should adopt traditional ways and traditional|
| | | |materieals to connect, amend and replace the parts that have |
| | | |been damaged severly. |
|2.4 |Protection and Repair of |Renovation, |The repair area is 400㎡; The reconstruction area is 200㎡; The |
| |Side-Courtyard |Repair |detailed construction contents are as follows: |
| |of Mencius Mansion | |The Main Chamber of western courtyard in the west acrossing |
| | | |compound: |
| | | |To take off tiles from roof, expose the top structure of the |
| | | |building; To replace decayed rafter and sheathing, repair the |
| | | |beam frame; To dismantle and build up the partly cracked wall |
| | | |body; Rebuild door leaf and repaint undercarriage, doors and |
| | | |windows; To protect original color painting by sealing. |
| | | |The Northern Chamber of east countyard |
| | | |in the west acrossing compound: |
| | | |To take off tiles from roof, expose the top structure of the |
| | | |building; To replace decayed rafter and sheathing, repair the |
| | | |beam frame; To dismantle and build up the partly cracked wall |
| | | |body; Rebuild door leaf and repaint undercarriage, doors and |
| | | |windows; To protect original color painting by chemical sealing.|
| | | |The Southern Chamber of east countyard |
| | | |in the west acrossing compound: |
| | | |To take off tiles from roof, expose the top structure of the |
| | | |building; To replace decayed rafter and sheathing, repair the |
| | | |beam frame; To dismantle and build up the partly cracked wall |
| | | |body; Rebuild door leaf and repaint undercarriage, doors and |
| | | |windows; To protect original color painting by chemical sealing.|
| | | |(4)The Side Chamber of west acrossing compound: |
| | | |To take off tiles from roof, expose the top structure of the |
| | | |building; To replace decayed rafter and sheathing, repair the |
| | | |beam frame; To dismantle and build up the partly cracked wall |
| | | |body; Rebuild door leaf and repaint undercarriage, doors and |
| | | |windows; To protect original color painting by chemical sealing.|
| | | |⑤ The East-Western Chamber of first courtyard at entrance of |
| | | |Mencius Mansion: |
| | | |It had 5 rooms of ancient architecture on two sides (east and |
| | | |west). Due to long years without maintainance and repair, they |
| | | |have already collapsed and were turned into lately built office |
| | | |buildings in 1960s that need to be demolished, so as to restore |
| | | |their original ancient architectural style. |
|3 |Mencius Cemetery Cultural Heritage Preservation |
|3.1 |Ancient Architecture |Protection and |The Xiang Palace repair area is 160㎡, and the courtyard wall |
| |Maintenance and Repair |Repair |protection area is 440㎡. The concrete construction contents are|
| | | |as follows: |
| | | |To take off tiles from roof of Xiang |
| | | |Palace in Mencius Cemetery, expose its top structure of the |
| | | |building; To replace decayed rafter and sheathing and parts of |
| | | |tiles, etc. To treat and repair the beam frame; To repair and |
| | | |amend the damaged animal figurine parts; To dismantle and build |
| | | |up the partly cracked wall body; To rebuild door leaf and |
| | | |repaint undercarriage, doors and windows; To protect original |
| | | |color paintings by chemical sealing. |
| | | |②To carry out preservation on black bricks wall surface, prevent|
| | | |it from further weathering, peeling off and erosion, etc. |
|3.2 |Stone Insciptions & Stone |Maintenance |To clean and wash stone inscriptions and stone tabalets, so as |
| |Tablets Preservation | |to slow down the process of weathering and erosion. It will |
| | | |treat 10 units of stone inscriptions and stone tablets in all. |
|3.3 |Traditional Pavement |Repair |To protect original pavment with the length of 1500m and an |
| |Protection | |area of 4500㎡. To adopt traditional ways and traditional |
| | | |materieals to connect, amend and replace the parts that have |
| | | |been damaged seriously. |
|3.4 |Ancient Trees Protection |Protection |To do anti-pests bites of ancient trees, make them stronger and |
| | | |support the weak one by posts; It has about 2000 trees in total.|
|3.5 |Forest Pass for Fire-Fighting |New |To build a new fire control passage in the forest with the |
| | |Construction |length of 1000m，width of 4.5m, and stone slate pavement, so as |
| | | |to prevent the damage of large forest area from incidental fire |
| | | |disaster. |
|3.6 |Maintenance of Mencius Cemetery|New |To construct a new ditch surrounding the Mencius Cemetery with |
| |Boundary |Construction |2500m in length, 2.5m in width and 2-3m in depth, planting bush |
| | | |on two sides of the ditch; As for the section unsuitable |
| | | |plantation, it will build up new wall of 3000m in length and |
| | | |3.5m in height by traditional style, so as to prevent from tomb |
| | | |robbing and wood felling. |
|3.7 |Tourist Service Centre |New |Single story building, ancient folk residential style. The |
| | |Construction |construction area is 300㎡. |
|3.8 |Parking Lot |New |To construct an ecological parking lot with lawn -brick pavement|
| | |Construction |and integrated greening supplement. Covering an area of 3050㎡ |
| | | |with about 121 parking positions. |
|3.9 |Comprehensive Renovation of |Renovation |① To treat and repair the façade of buildings on east side of |
| |Eastern Side of sacrifacial | |sacrificial passage and outside of courtyard. The area of facade|
| |Passage in Mencius Cemetery | |renovation along the street is about 2500㎡。 |
| |(Xishantou Village ) | |② Along the road in the east of facrificial passage of Mencius |
| | | |Cemetery, it adopts black stone slate full scope pavement till |
| | | |to the foot of buildings on sides, with the total length 320m |
| | | |and width 3.5m. |
| | | |③ To adopt Chinese tradional type of wall lamp or pole lamp, 32 |
| | | |lamps in all, with the interval of 20m, and reasonable layout at|
| | | |the corner configuration. |
| | | |④ The design is to use main pipe of water supply DN100 and |
| | | |length 150m with nodular cast iron pipe and 3 valve wells. |
| | | |⑤ To set up a specialized fire fighting pond of 110 cubic meters|
| | | |capacity and 20 additional portable dry powder extinguishers, |
| | | |4kg each, as well as one cart type dry powder extinguisher of |
| | | |35kg. |
| | | |⑥ To build up a new sewage collecting mains with De300, and |
| | | |length 180m. The pipe materials is HDPE double-wall corrugated |
| | | |pipe, with 10 manholes; The length of sewage pipelines is 650m, |
| | | |and De300 in dimeter. The materials are HDPE double-wall pipe, |
| | | |and 21 sewage manholes and one sewage treatment station |
| | | |(secondary stage treatment, up to the first grade discharge |
| | | |standard) The capacity is 60m3/d. |
| | | |⑦ It adopts underground laid ditch for storm water drainage |
| | | |arranged along the roads with 100m in length and 10 outlets. |
| | | |⑧ To set up one unit of garbage collection station, one garbage |
| | | |transport lorry and 16 sorting dust bins. |
MAP 3.4-8 Distribution of Main Construction Contents in Xishantou Village and Mencius Cemetery
1、Tourists Center
The single story building with new regionalism style basing upon the ancient dwellings elements will be applied to the construction of the Tourist Reception Center in the historic and scenic spot. It could provide tourists with services of consultations, claims, tour guide, temporary storage of small luggage, telephone room and tourist commodity and products, and tour route display, etc.
2、Cemetery Fireproof Engine Passageway
The fireproof engine passageway has to be newly constructed in the Mencius Cemetery, and it adopts sand and rubble pavement, so as to prevent the whole Cemetery from the damage of accidental fires.
3、Boundary Recovery of Mencius Cemetery
An enclosing wall needs to be rebuilt for protecting boundary walls of Mencius Cemetery, and it will adopt the traditional method in its construction.
4、Parking Lot
It intends to set up a Parking Lot by the side of entrance to Xishantou Village in front of Mencius Cemetery, which will be linked with Tourist Center. It adopts ecological method in the construction and layout. The optimum carrying capacity of tourists flow is 3000 persons per day based on the tourists’ projection data collected and provided by Zoucheng Tourism Bureau. If it was calculated by that the average visiting period is 2 hours per person and the opening time is 8 hours every day, and then, the turnover rate is 4. It means that it could receive 750 persons at the meantime. If it took 20 persons for a large-sized bus, and then, it is in need of 38 parking positions, and 38 × 68.3㎡/bus =2596㎡. Therefore, the Parking Lot shall cover an area of 3000㎡.
5、Comprehensive Transform along the Eastern Side of the Ceremonial Passageway in Mencius Cemetery
Xishantou Village is closely connected with Mencius Cemetery. By upgrading the infrastructure and building façade and promoting the tourist reception of Xishantou Village, finally the whole Village can be turned into a supporting facility of the scenic spot of Mencius Cemetery and provide tourists with good services.
(1) Street and Alley Pass:
For street and alley pass reconstruction of Xishantou Village, in consideration of the passageway of pedestrians and non-power-driven vehicles, it should be single-width pavement, with 3.5m wide and full width paved with blue stone plates.
(2) Distribution Power Line and Distribution Facilities:
It will adopt all power cable distribution lines. According to the users’ requirements for power loading capacity and the regional reliability, different power supply means are adopted such as switching substation, ring mains cabin unit, and distribution boxes, etc.
(3) Roadway Lighting:
It will adopt Chinese style wall lamps or pole lamps; arrange them at an interval of 20 meters and making reasonable arrangement at the corner positions, totally 32 lamps.
(4) Water Supply Facilities:
There is one self-prepared water supply source, being a 50m deep pumping well, located in the south of Mencius Cemetery, and the west side of its Ceremonial Passageway. Water yield is 50m3 per hour, and water quality is quite good. At present the whole village is relying on the domestic water supply from the source. The newly built tourist center’s daily maximum water consumption is 63m3/day (including sanitary water of tourists 57m3/day, the office water consumption of the Research Institute 1m3/day, floor-clearning water consumption 2 m3/day, and greening water consumption 3 m3/day). The original self-prepared water source can meet the demand of water supply. The design for the project is to use a main pipe of water supply to connect with the existing water supply pipeline of Xishantou Village. The diameter of this main pipe of water supply is DN100, and 150m long. The material of this pipe is made of nodular cast iron pipe, with 3 units of valve wells; the water consumption of the Research Institute, the tourist center, and greening water consumption, and floor-cleaning water consumption will be all directly provided through this water supply pipeline.
(5) Sewage Facilities:
For the construction of this Tourist Center, it needs sewage pipes, drain lines and sewage treatment facilities as its supporting facilities. If it was caculated by that the discharge amount of sewage will account for 90% of total water consumption of the tourists, the maximum daily discharge amount of sewage will be 56.7m3/d; supposing that the daily change coefficient is 1.2, the average daily discharge amount of sewage will be 48m3/d. In the consideration of the long-term development of tourism, the design scale of the sewage treatment station will be 60m3/d.
The proposed project is mainly used for disposing the domestic sewage, with small disposing scale. So it adopts Biological Process (A2/O) Integrated Sewage Treatment Equipment, with relatively simple technical process and less structural buildings, less land occupancy, simple opreration management and higher disposing efficiency. The sewage after being treated by the sewage treatment station shall meet B Standard of Grade I of GB18918-2002 in 《 Pollutants Emmission Standard for Urban and Township Sewage Treatment Plant》.
The diameter of main pipe of sewage collection: De300; total length of pipeline: 180m; the pipe material: HDPE double-wall corrugated pipe; with manhole: 10 units.
(6) Sanitation Facilities:
At present, there is not any refuse collection system for the domestic refuse of Xishantou villagers. The garbage scatters here and there, seriously influencing the environmental sanitation. This project proposes to newly construct one container-type garbage collection station. According to 《Standard of Urban and Township Sanitation Facilities Arrangement》 (Notice No.310 issued by Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China), if it was caculated by that the proposed garbage transfer station serves a population of 1600 persons and the maximum number of tourists are 8100 person/day, then the desgined Garbage Transfer Station should have capacity of 10 tons. It will be equipped with 1 unit of sealed garbage transfer truck of 6 tons cargo capacity and 30 units of Sorting Dust Bins.
It needs to point out especially that the construction of Tourist Service Center and Parking Lot, etc. does not involve the construction contents of cultural heritage preservation. They are not within the scope of Mencius Cemetery Protection Area (The scope of Mencius Cemetery Protection Area is delimited a boundary line from the eastern edge of Mount Siji in the east, to the southern ditch of an orchard of Xishantou Village in the north, and to the western edge of Small Mencius Forest in the west, and then to the northern edging ditch of Xishantou Village in the south, and 20m away from both sides of Ceremonial Passageway Forest).
3.4.3 The Construction Contents and Scale of Upgrading of Historic City Areas & Infrastructure
3.4.3.1 Renewal and Infrastructure Upgrading of Ming Historic City in Qufu
In this project, it will carry out renewal and infrastructure upgrading of Ming Historic City in Qufu, improve life environment of community residents. The specific construction contents can be seen in Table 3.4-6. The sub-projects distribution, see in Figure 3.4-9.
Table 3.4-6 Upgrading and renewal of Street Block of Ming Historic City in Qufu
|No. |Name of Items |Construction Nature|Construction |Construction Contents |Scale & Quantity of |
| | | |Location | |Engineering Works |
|1 |Historic Street Block Renewal |
|1.1 |Block A Street |Reconstruc- |Block A in |To Reconstruct according to the |Land area：36930㎡ |
| |Block |Tion |Ming Historic City |traditional ways, mainly in two |Original Floor |
| |Buildings | | |stories’ building, while do |Space：26061㎡ |
| |Renewal | | |necessary upgrading and |Reconstruction Floor |
| | | | |development of new materials and|Space：40623㎡ |
| | | | |technology，such as in kichen, |Volume Rate：1.1 |
| | | | |toilet, fire proof, damp proof |Residents |
| | | | |and energy saving. |Popullation:834, |
| | | | | |Residential Households:|
| | | | | |252. |
|2 |Upgrading of Infrastructure in Eastern Area of the City |
|2.1 |Roads |Upgrading |Eastern Area of |Pavement Upgrading |Total area of Upgraded |
| | | |Ming Historic City | |Street Block: 79983㎡ |
| | | | | |Total Length of the |
| | | | | |Protected Street and |
| | | | | |Alley:3590m， |
| | | | | |An Area:13521㎡. |
|2.2 |Water Supply and Drainage System (Facilities) |
|2.2.1 |Water Supply |Upgrading & |Eastern Area of |Basing upon the local architectural features, fire proof|
| |facilitis |Renewal |Ming Historic City |requirements, residents water consumption conditions and|
| | | | |combined with the Qufu city overall water supply |
| | | | |planning, it will link original uesable water supply |
| | | | |pipelines into a ring system, so as to improve the |
| | | | |street block water supply pipelines and meet 100% |
| | | | |coverage rate required by the plan. |
|2.2.1 |Fire Fighting |New Contruction |Eastern Area of |In the east of the eastern area of Ming City, there are |
| |Facilities | |Ming Historic City |two natural ponds at which the water pumps should be |
| | | | |installed so as to supply water for fire fighting; In |
| | | | |accordance wtih the specifications of outdoor fire |
| | | | |proof, the outdoor hydrants should be installed in the |
| | | | |area. Additional portable dry powder extinguishers |
| | | | |should be equiped in some key spots in the area. |
|2.2.3 |Drainage Facilities |
|2.2.3.1 | |New Contruction | |The perfect drainage system of public utility with the |
| | | |Eastern Area of |separation of storm water from sewage water should be |
| | | |Ming Historic City |relaid and be connected with the nearby original main |
| |Sewage | | |drainage pipelines in the new urban area and eventually |
| |Facilities | | |diverted into the sewage treatment plant in Qufu. |
|2.2.3.2 |RainWater |New Construction |Eastern Area of |The original stone laid ditch will be transformed into |
| |Facilities | |Ming Historic City |underground ditch and partly widened. Some part of the |
| | | | |small blocks without drainage ditch at present will be |
| | | | |added with rainwater drainage pipelines. After |
| | | | |collecting the rainwater at the sides of Drum Tower |
| | | | |South Street and South Gate Avenue, it will be |
| | | | |discharged into storm water pipe network in the new |
| | | | |urban area and then be discharged into the moat at one |
| | | | |side of Dongma Street. |
|2.3 |Power Suppy Facilities |
|2.3.1 |Power |New Contruction |Eastern Area of |High voltage parameters, equipment specifications and |
| |Cable | |Ming Historic City |installation works are all in charged by local Power |
| | | | |Sector. |
|2.3.2 | |New Contruction |South Side of |It will set up 3 sets of transformer with capacity of |
| |Substation | |Western section of|1000KVA each, 10 sets of high voltage ring net counter |
| | | |Yan Temple |and 18 units of low-voltage distribution cabinet. The |
| | | | |cable type selection and installation methods will be |
| | | | |identified by local telecommunication sector. |
|2.3.3 |Road |New Contruction |Eastern Area of |It will set up 900 Chinese traditional wall or pole |
| |Lighting | |Ming Historic City |lamps with 20m intervals and reasonable layout at the |
| | | | |corner configuration. Choose energy-saving lamps for |
| | | | |wall lighting source, while the pole lamp is of 3.5m in |
| | | | |height with metal halide light source used. |
|2.4 |Gas Supply |New Contruction |Eastern Area of |The regional gas main is introduced from municipal |
| | | |Ming Historic City |medium-pressure gas mains. It will adopt circular pipe |
| | | | |networks laying forms in proposed planning area. It will|
| | | | |set up a regional pressure regulator at trunk spots of |
| | | | |each small area. After reducing pressure, the gas will |
| | | | |be distributed to individual household through low |
| | | | |pressure gas pipeline network respectively. |
|2.5 |Heating Supply System |
|2.5.1 |Central Heating|New Construction |Eastern Area of |The proposed solution is to adopt a method of supplying |
| |Pipelines | |Ming Historic City |heat from small regional heating regulating and |
| | | | |distributing stations. It plans to set up such a station|
| | | | |in south and north areas respectively. According to the |
| | | | |applying function, it will set up a circular heat supply|
| | | | |pipeline system, so as to meet the requirements of |
| | | | |heating supply needs. |
|2.6 |Evironmental Sanitation Facilities |
|2.6.1 |Sorting Dust |Newly Addition |Along the roads in |Wooden sorting dust bins with |160 units |
| |Bins | |urban area. |unique nature will be placed by | |
| | | | |the side of main roads with the | |
| | | | |interval of 100m and of small | |
| | | | |roads with the interval of 200m.| |
|3 |Community Training |
1. The Upgrading of Historic Street Block
It needs to point out specially that the choice of reformed street block does not involve the cultural relic, and has not include the Cultural Relic Protection Unit, and also not in the scope of cultural relics preservation. It belongs to the street blocks with imperfect infrastructure, poor housing conditions. The street block buildings are mainly modern architectures or crude shed lodgings. In the upgrading process, it has to pay special attention to the preservation and repairs of still existing traditional individual residential buildings, while carrying out reconstruction of other modern architectures or crude shed lodgings according to the tradional forms. After completing the reconstruction, they can serve as a historic cultural street block with mixed functions of residence and business. This type of reconstruction adopts ways that it will have cooperation with local residents through community participation and establishment of resettlement areas with bertter living conditions and convenience outside historic city. Then, the residents may choose initiatively and volantarily for either moving back to their original street block or remain in their newly resettled area. This part of construction contents will not generate impact on the protection of cultural relics. The concrete scope of cultural heritage preservation in Ming Historic City can be seen in Table 3.4-10.
The reform and upgrading program are made in accordance with existing style of traditional residential architecture, its relevant maps and historic documents and on-site survey as well. It will be reconstructed according to the traditioanal style and fabric of traditional street block, meanwhile it will carry out some necessary updating and development of new materials and technique, such as kitchen, sanitation, fireproof, moisture proof as well as energy-saving; The new buildings will maintain original space pattern and architectural layout, entrance gate, wall boundary stone, trees, also reflecting the unique natures of residents living in courtyard with remained unique space. The color of buildings should mainly use black, white, grey and other traditional folk residential colors popularly in south west Shandong while having these colors to be controled in an unified way. The decoration and forms of the buildings should adopt slope roofing covered with black tiles while the doors, windows, wall body, roofs and other detailings must be of the traditional practice of traditional folk residence in south west Shandong. The plane planning of Block A. after upgrading can be seen in Map 3.4-11.
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Map 3.4-9 Construction Contents of Upgrading and Renewal of Ming Historic City Street Block in Qufu
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[pic]
Map 3.4-11 plane Drawing of Street Block A
2. The Upgrading of Urban Infrastructure in Eastern Area of Qufu City
(1) Road
① Program Discription
According to the overall plan of Qufu Eastern District, The main construction contents are of improvement and repairs basing upon the original road conditions.The total length of street rehabilitationis 9111m，with total area: 79983㎡.
(2)Water Supply and Drainage Facilities
The Eastern District of Ming Historic City at present has only an incomplete water supply and drainage system. The drainage pipe network is of mixed storm and sewage water, and most of the streets have no organized drainage facilities, resulting in great amount of sewage discharged directly into the Gupan Pond thus polluting its water body. This proposed infrastructural construction will, in accordance with the combination of the building layout and functional status as well as external pipe network construction plan, try to improve people’s life, fire proof water supply pipelines and separation of storm and sewage water collection pipe networks. It will enhance the attractiveness of the area and its livability.
1）Water Supply Facillity
The mian water supply networks adopts ball milling cast iron pipes for water supply (which DN100:1570m; DN150: 4795m; DN200: 585m); The water supply branch pipe adopts PE pipe network, with length 3,000 meters; It needs to set up 70 units of bricks laid valve wells.
2）Drainage Facility
①Sewage Pipe Network
The Eastern District of Ming Historic City at present has only an incomplete sewage water collection pipeline system, with partly established stone laid underground or openned ditches, which are used for collecting mixed storm and sewage water, and most of the streets have no organized drainage facilities, resulting in great amount of sewage discharged directly into the openned ditch thus resulting in very poor sanitation. This proposed design intends to lay down complete and perfect public utility drainage pipelines which will separate storm from sewage water collection. The sewage pipelines will be laid independently, and linked with original main sewage pipelines at nearby new city area, eventually the sewage water entering into Urban Sewage Treatment Plant.
The main drainage pipeline adopts double wall corrugated pipe (the specification to be as follows: De300:10000m, De400:3000m, De500:270m); the outlet drainage pipeline adopts double wall corrugated pipe (the De110~De200:3000m). It needs to set up 410 sewage manholes (main pipelines); 1500 sewage manholes (outlet of household).
② Rain Water Facility
The Eastern District at present has no a complete and perfect storm water collection pipeline system, with only partly established stone laid underground or openned ditches. Now, it intends to reform the stone laid underground ditch into storm ditch underground and partly widened, while in some small streets where there are not storm ditches, it will build up storm drainage pipelines. After collecting storm water, those collected from one side of Drum Tower South Street and South Gate Avenue will be discharged into the main storm water pipe networks in the new city area while the storm water collected from one side of Dongma Street will be discharged into the nearby moat directly. The scale of construction is as follows: reinforced concrete stormwater channel 7310m: (Size: BXH = 400X600 3900m; BXH = 500X600 2100m; BXH = 600X800 760m; BXH = 700X800 550m); storm water connection pipe (DN200) 2500m; 250 units storm manholes; 500 units single comb outlets.
(3) Road Lighting
According to the arrangement requirements on grade of urban road, it adopts Chinese traditional wall lamp or pole lamp, with an interval of 20m and reasonable layout at corner configuration. It selects energy saving wall lamp for light source and pole lamp with 3.5m in height and golden helide for light source. It needs to put up 900 lighting settings in total.
(4) Fuel Gas
The fuel (coal) gas is mainly used by residential households in the small urban area, while few public buildings, schools and nurseries and other units also use gas. The regional gas trunk pipelines were introduced from urban medium pressure gas mains. In planning area of the proposed project, it intends to adopt circular pipe network laying form and set up a reginal regulator at trunk of each small residential area. After reducing the pressure, the fuel gas will be sent to various users. The pipe network will be laid on circular layout along the road, and then enter into the grouping pipeline by dendritic layout. The flowing capacity of gas pipeline in small residential area will be calculated by Qj = 1093 NM/h, and regional trunk diameter of gas supply is DN300mm.
(5) Heating Supply
To set a heating mode for each of households, it adopts air conditioning mode with air-cooled machine to supply cooling air in summer. This program adopts a heating mode by using a district heating supply station to regulate heating supply, and will establish a heat distribution station in southern and northern areas respectively by setting up heating circuit according to use functions so as to realize on-demand heating supply. All outdoor heating supply and return water pipes are buried with insulation pipe laying mode. In particular, it needs to indicate that it should carry out feasibility assessment on laying heating pipelines in ancient architectural street block.
(6) Environmental Sanitation Facility
Through the statistic survey assisted by local environmental sanitation sector, it is confirmed that the present garbage transfer system in eastern distric of Ming Historic City is basically complete, but its collection system inside Ming City still exists the following problems: the arrangement of garbage collecting points are relatively scattered in random and except for the area near tourist attractions or scenic spots, the number of sorting dust bins in street block are not sufficient. This project plans to add 160 garbage sorting bins and try to collect and dispose the garbage in a centralized way.
The road map of engineering works for the infrastructure construction and upgrading in the eastern urban area of Ming Historic City can be seen in Figure 3.4-12.
3.4.3.2 Environment Improvement and River Course Rehabilitation of Lu Historic City and Ming Historic City in Qufu
The project will rebuild the links among various waterways and restore the formation of living water system. Meanwhile, it will restore the water surface of Gu Pan Pond to the area that is able to adjuste inner city ecological environment, and also converge into the living water of outer Moat. Eventually, it will establish a three stages water system including Si River - Lu City River (Zhu River) - Ming City Moat (passing through Gu Pan Pond)- Yi River. (Ming City Moat has already been linked with Yi River). Due to the limited funds for this project, it will not consider to restore the first stage water system (It will establish another project independently and make an EA report independently as well). Therefore, this project will only ensure ample water source of the second and the third water system, and complete the construction of landscaping and roads. It adopts the form of linking Lu Historic City River with Ming Historic City Moat by urban water channel; It should conduct dredging and diversion on Moat of Ming Historic City and link it with Gupan Pond by artificial inlet and outlet channels, so as to expand the wate surface of Gupan Pond, thus restore the historical appearance of ancient garden, and provide urban residents and tourists with a public open space. The specific construction contents can be seen in Table 3.4-7. The distribution and rehabilitation of water system is in Map 3.4-13.
Table 3.4-7 Qufu Lu Historic City and Ming Historic City Environment Improvement, River Course Rehabilitation
|No. |Name of Items |Construction |Construction |Construction Contents |Scale and Quantity of |
| | |nature |Location | |Engineering Works |
|B2-1 |The First Stage Water System: The engineering works of diverting water from Si River into the city Moat by |
| |building up a dam storaging water of Si River. |
|B2-1.1 |a、A rubber dam, 150m in length and 4.5m in height. |
| |bThe length of water pipeline is 3850m, with diameter Ф1200mm and diversion water flow 0.55m3/s. |
| |c A water diversion（check and repair）sluice gate，a trash rack, 1.5m wide and 1.65m high. |
| |d 8 inverted siphons. |
| |e 16 shafts. |
|2 |The Second Stage Water System: Upgrading of Ming City Moat Water System. |
|2.1 |Road |New Construction |On two Banks of |To build new walkways along |length×width: |
| | | |Ming City Moat |banks of rivers, and linked |4200m×1.2m |
| | | | |with passageway of residents| |
| | | | |nearby, paved with black | |
| | | | |bricks or pebbles. | |
|2.2 |Landscaping |New Construction |Ming City Moat |Afforestation and Greening |Area: about25200㎡ |
| |Facility | |Along River Banks| | |
|2.3 |Environment |New Construction |Along Banks of |Wooden unique Garbage |42 Dust Bins |
| |Sanitation | |Ming City Moat |Sorting Bins | |
| |Facility | | | | |
|3 |The Third Stage Water System: Gu Pan Pond |
|3.1 |Inlet and Outlet |New Construction |East and |New construction of inlet |Inlet:160 long,1.2m wide, |
| |Works | |Westsides of Gu |and outlet channels to form |1.5m high; |
| | | |Pan Pond |a dynamic water flowing in |Outlet:120m long,1.2m |
| | | | |Gu Pan Pond |wide, and 1.5m high. |
|3.2 |Restoration |Rehabilitation |Gu Pan Pond |To expand water surface of |The area is expanded from |
| |Of Gu Pan Pond | | |Gu Pan Pond to the size of |original 10100㎡ to 15300 |
| | | | |Ming and Qing Dynasty; to |㎡, with average depth |
| | | | |treat the bottom of Pond and|1.8m. |
| | | | |Banks. | |
|3.3 |Road |New Construction |Surrounding |To construct new landscaping|6000㎡ |
| | | |Gu Pan |walkway surrounding Gupan | |
| | | |Pond |Pond, linked to street block| |
| | | | |roads, with black bricks | |
| | | | |pavement | |
|3.4 |Garden |New |Surrounding |Ancient architecture |1 Pavilion |
| |Architecture |Construction |Gu Pan |rehabilitation, environment |3ancient architectures, |
| |And Landscape | |Pond |greening, public lighting, |And area:350㎡ |
| | | | |relaxation facility, | |
| | | | |traditional garden art | |
| | | | |works, and lighting cable | |
| | | | |lines laying works. | |
|3.5 |Environment |New |Surrounding |Sorting Dust Bins |Sorting dust bins: 30 |
| |Sanitation |Construction |Gu Pan |And |units; |
| |Facility | |Pond |Toilets |Public Toilet: 10 squat |
| | | | | |positions × 1 unit |
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Map 3.4-13 distribution of Water System in Ming and Lu Historic Cities
1. The First Stage Water System - Si River Dam and Diverting Water to City Project.
According to the designed contents of 《The Proposal on Engineering Works of Diverting Water from Dam of Si River into City of Qufu》（completed by Qufu Water Resources Bureau in June 2010，but has not yet been reviewed and finalized.）, the water source of this proect is located at Si River in the north of Qufu City, and the outlet is located on the upper reaches of Si River, 100m away from College Rd. Bridge of No.104 State Highway (Stake No.65+400). It plans to build up a rubber dam at lower reaches of Si River, 286m away from College Rd. Bridge of No.104 State Highway (Stake No.65+000), so as to intercept and store water source, and to lift up water levels. The designed axis of the dam is 150m long, 4.5m in dam height, 4.9m in water intercepting height and 3.6 million m3 in storage capacity of the reservoir. The diverting pipeline will pass through College, acrossing Lin River and Shengguo Temple, then acrossing No.104 State Highway, eventually flowing into the Moat at northeast corner of Xiaobeiguan.The designed flow volume is 0.55m3/s. The water diversion pipeline is pre-buried and reinforced concrete pipeline with inner diameter 1200mm and total length of pipeline 3850m.
As an urban landscape water diversion project, water resources volume of Si River has to firstly meet the ecological water requirement downstream, followed by the needs of irrigation downstream, and then the amount of water diversion for the works in this project (0.55 m3/s); In addition, the water quality in the Si River needs to meet the requirements of Category V standard in 《 Surface Water Environment Quality Standards》(GB3838-2002).
(1)Analysis on Water Resources Supply
According to the statistic result of runoff mornitoring data collected by Si River College Hydrological Station in 37 years from 1973 to 2009 since the establishment of the Hongqi Sluice Gate at up-stream, the average annual flow capacity of Si River is 6.83m3/s, and its corresponding runoff volume is 215 million m3.
According to the commonly used method for analysis on ecological water use in China at present, the demanded ecological water capacity downstream has to be calculated by 10% of the average annual water flow capacity for many years taken at cross section of the stream. Since the average annual flow capacity at the College Hydrological Station is 6.83m3/s, the ecological flow capacity downstream is 0.683m3/s, and the cooresponding runoff capacity is 21.5 million m3.
The main irrigation area downstream is irrigated area of River Intecepting Dam at Chenzhai Village, which was started construction in March 1978 and completed in March 1983. It adopted two ways either flowing by gravity or intaking by pump.The original designed irrigation area is 20,000mu, and the current effective irrigation area is about 15,400mu. The main planting crops in the area are wheat and corn, which needs irrigation for 3 times each year. If the irrigation quota is calculated by 150m3/mu, the annual irrigation water consumption would be about 2.31 million m3. If considering additional new demand for water pumping, the irrigation water capacity downstream would be 3 million m3.
The designed amount of water diversion in this project is 0.55m3/s, which is equivalent to 17.3 million m3 per year. After meeting the needs for ample ecological water and irrigation water downstream, the annual remaining amount of water resources in Si River is 190.5 million m3, which can meet the demand of water diversion for this project.
(2)Analysis on Water Quality Requirement
According to the 2007-2010 annual environmental quality statistical results of the monitoring point of surface water in the upstream of Si River (Hongqi Sluice Gate section ) and monitoring points in downstream (Longwan Sluice Gate section) provided by Jining EPB, the surface water quality at mornitoring cross section in the Si River can meet the Grade V standard in 《Surface Water Quality Standards》(GB3838-2002). The water quality of Si River can meet requirements for water use of landscape.
In order to ensure the reliability of water resources to supply for water diversion in this project, the present EIA has made a further understanding about the sewage emission situation around the Si River. According to the survey, the current major pollution sources of the Si River are from Sishui Urban Sewage Treatment Plant, industrial wastewater generated by the two Paper Mills, domestic sewage generated by surrounding residents and pollution of the agricultural sectors.
Since the project is located along the side of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, the discharge of the water pollutants in the region needs to be strictly controlled, and it should implement the requrirements of 《Shandong Provincial Standards for Water Pollutants Comprehensive Emission along the Channel of South –to-North Water Diversion Project》. The people's governments above the county level should organize constructing urban sewage pipeline network, Sewage Treatment Plants and centralized solid waste treatment facilities in accordance with the requirements of water pollution management and control, and ensuring the requirements of diverted water quality. In accordance with 《Shandong Provincial Ordinance for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution in the Region along the Channel of South-to-North Water Diversion Project》(30th. Nov. 2006), the Urban Sewage Treatment Plant in Sishui City was built and put into operation in late 2004, with designed treatment capacity of 40 thousand t/d, and total project investment of 155.54 million yuan. The oxidation ditch process has been adopted by this Sewage Treatment Plant, and the actual daily treatment capacity is 32,500t/d. After the effluent water quality meeting the Grade A. standard of《Urban Sewage Treatment Plant Emission Standards》(GB18918-2002), then it can be discharged into Si River.
Both these two Paper Mills have adopted market pulp paper production line, which does not involve wood pulp and straw pulp preparation in the production process, resulting in less wastewater pollutants. In addition, in accordance with the requirements of environmental protection, these two enterprises have constructed Sewage Treatment Stations to treat their wastewater in the Mills and have also built intermediate water reuse project to increase water reuse and reduce wastewater discharge respectively. The technology of wastewater treatment process adopted by the two mills is mature and reliable.The quality of wastewater after being treated have reached the standards (COD100mg/L, Ammonia Nitrogen 15mg/L) of generally protected areas of《Shandong Provincial Standards for Water Pollutants Comprehensive Emission along the Channel of South-to-North Water Diversion Project》(DB37599-2006) and then it can be discharged.
As for the control of domestic sewage emission and pollution of agricultural sectors, according to the requirements of Article No.30 in《Shandong Provincial Ordinance for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution in the Region along the Channel of South-to-North Water Diversion Project》(30th. Nov. 2006), it is stipulated that any unit or individual shall not be allowed to discharge or dump domestic sewage, garbage, all kinds of oil, acid liquid, alkaline liquid, highly toxic waste dregs and liquid as well as other toxic and harmful wastes into the water body. And in its Article No. 31, it sets out that “Pesticides with high toxicity and residue are prohibited to use along the project channel of the region. In generally protected areas, the amount of pesticides, chemical fertilizer and other agricultural inputs used should be gradually reduced. The People's Governments above the county level shall formulate specific policies and measures to promote the use of organic manure and pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue and easy biodegradablity. It tries to popularize the scientific fertilizer application technologies, such as precise fertilizer application and formular fertilizer application, and also encourage the use of biological pesticides and adopting integrated disease and pest prevention and control techniques". At present, Si Shui County and Qufu City People's Governments have made a good control over the outlets of wastewater pollutants on two banks of the River. Wastewater discharge is strictly prohibited, and the pesticide with high toxicity and residue are banned to use, so as to ensure water quality of water body from pollution.
Through a series of measures such as point sources governance, area source controlling, the water quality of Si River can be further purified to meet the requirements of water diversion egineering works in the project area.
In summary, the water diversion egineering works from Si River for the First Stage Water System in the proposed project can meet the water demand both in water quantity of water recources and in water quality of water body. So, the construction of the project is feasible.
2. The Second Stage Water System: Upgrading of Water System in Ming Historic City Moat
For the second stage water system, it has already completed the engineering works of upgrading the water course of Ming Historic City Moat. The proposed project will carry out management and control on the environment surrounding the Moat, construct the landscaping walkways 4200m long and 1.2m wide. The concrete design indicators are seen in Figure 3.4-14. Meanwhile, it will conduct afforestation on two banks of the Moat, with greening area 25200 square meters, as seen in Figure 3.4-15. It also plans to set up 42 sorting dust bins along the banks of the Moat.
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Figure 3.4-14 Indicators on Design of Landscaping Walkways
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Figure 3.4-15 Presentation of Greening Progam of Landscaping Walkways
3. The Third Stage Water System: Gupan Pond
（1）Inlet and Outlet Works
According to historical sites, Wenxian Spring was the main water source of Gu Pan Pond. Now, it is still used as one of the replenishing water source for the Pond. Since the water quantity of Wenxian Spring is very small nowdays, it is afar from meeting the needs of replenishing water to the Pond. Though storm water can be collected from urban area and converged into the Pond as an alternative, it is constrained by the climate to a large extent, and can not guarantee the requirements of replenishment either in quanlity or in quantity. Therefore, chooseing ground water of river with both good quanlity and quantity becomes top priority. Since the water course of Ming City Moat has been upgraded and diverting works from Si River to the Moat has also come into the design and implementation phase, it is workable to put into effect the water system plan of Gu Pan Pond, which is included in《The Detailed Plan and Construction Program on Rehabilitation of Landscape Zone of Qufu Ming Historic City》. The designed diverting capacity for the Moat is 0.55m3/s, which can simultaneously satisfy the requirements of water body self-purification, flowing, evaporation, seepage and circulation of Gu Pan Pond.
Topographically, Qufu City area is high in the North and lower in the South, and high in the East and lower in the West. It is possible to construct underground drain at the northeast corner of the Gu Pan Pond and link the Pond with the Moat, so as to induce water of the Moat into the Pond. Because of change in current topography and building location, the original outlet (i.e the so called “mouth of Pond Gate” at present) and openned or underground ditches have all been blocked. Although some parts of these ditches are still faintly discernible, they are impossible to be used due to many difficulties in conducting its dredging works, not to say that it is a bit far from the city Moat. Based on the current topographical conditions, the proposed design intends to set water outlet and under-drain outlet in southwest of Gupan Pond, convergeing the nearest moat downstream. By so doing, Gupan Pond could link with water system of the Moat through the underground ditch and thus become an integrated and dynamic flowing water body. In addition, thanks to the designed project of upgrading sewage drainage syetem in eastern urban district, the sewage water could not flow into the Pond, and thus water quanlity could be fully guaranteed. The specific inlet and outlet engineering work of Gupan Pond is seen in Figure 3.4-16.
(2) Gupan Pond Restoration
Through dreging work of the Pond, its average water depth will reach 1.8m, while the water area will be expanded from current 10100㎡ to 15300㎡. It designs to set up 1 pavilion and 3 ancient architectures with a floor space of 350㎡ surrounding the project area, so as to creat it a pleasant tourist attraction and intimated access by the local people.
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Figure 3.4-16 the Inlet and Outlet Engineering Work of Gupan Pond
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Figure 3.4-17 the Engineering Work on Rehabilitation of Gupan Pond
3.4.3.3 The Upgrading and Renewal of Historic Urban Area of Zoucheng
The proposed project will focus on the upgrading and renewal of historic urban area of Zoucheng, improvement of living environment for community residents. The concrete construction contents can be seen in Table 3.4-8 and the distribution of project components is in Figure 3.4-18.
Table 3.4-8 the Upgrading and Renewal of Historic Urban Area of Zoucheng,
|No. |Name of Items |Construction |Construction |Construction Contents |Scale and Quantity of |
| | |Nature |Sites | |Egineering Works |
|B3-1 |Street Block Building Upgrading and Renewal |
|B3-1.1 |Residential Building Upgrading and Renewal |
|B3-1.1.1 |Second |Upgrading, |From the east of |Carry out rehabilitation and |BlockArea: |
| |Sage |Reconstruction |Mencius Temple to |repair on old residential |13400㎡; |
| |Mansion | |the west of |building, which have remained |Original floorspace: |
| |Street | |Gangshan Road |a better structure in the |11427㎡; |
| | | | |street block. Upgrade the |Upgraded area: 8570㎡; |
| | | | |façade and appearance of the |Upgraded Household No.: |
| | | | |buildings according to the |27; |
| | | | |historic style and face. |Reconstructed Area: |
| | | | |For the buildngs |3142㎡; |
| | | | |damagedseriously, it will be |Demolished Area:2857㎡; |
| | | | |reconstructed according to |Demolished Household |
| | | | |traditional forms, mainly in |No.:12; |
| | | | |two stories, while doing |Volume Rate: 0.87. |
| | | | |necessary development in | |
| | | | |materials and technical | |
| | | | |updating, such as kichen, | |
| | | | |sanitation, fire proof, | |
| | | | |moisture proof and energy | |
| | | | |saving, etc；It will develop | |
| | | | |traditional commercial shops | |
| | | | |along the street. | |
|B3-1.1.2 |Second |Upgrading, |From Dongmenli |Carry out rehabilitation and |Block Area: 30400㎡; |
| |Sage |Reconstruction |Avenue to the south|repair on old residential |Original Construction |
| |Road | |of northern Mencius|building, which have remained |Area:20252㎡; |
| | | |Temple |a better structure in the |Upgrade Area: 4050㎡; |
| | | | |street block. Upgrade the |Upgraded Household |
| | | | |façade and appearance of the |No.:22; |
| | | | |buildings according to the |Reconstruction |
| | | | |historic style and face. |Area: |
| | | | |For the buildngs |17822㎡; |
| | | | |damagedseriously, it will be |Demolished Area:16202㎡ |
| | | | |reconstructed according to |Demolished Household |
| | | | |traditional forms, mainly in |No.:141; |
| | | | |two stories, while doing |Volume Rate: 0.72; |
| | | | |necessary development in | |
| | | | |materials and technical | |
| | | | |updating, such as kichen, | |
| | | | |sanitation, fire proof, | |
| | | | |moisture proof and energy | |
| | | | |saving, etc；It will develop | |
| | | | |traditional commercial shops | |
| | | | |along the street. | |
|B3-1.1.3 |Guojiepeng |Upgrading, |From east of midway|Carry out rehabilitation and |Block Area:24500㎡; |
| |Street |Rebuild |of Yishan Rd. to |repair on old residential |Original |
| | | |the west of Second |building, which have remained |Construction |
| | | |Sage Rd. |a better structure in the |Area:15147㎡; |
| | | | |street block. Upgrade the |Upgrade Area: |
| | | | |façade and appearance of the |10603.51㎡ |
| | | | |buildings according to the |UpgradeHousehold No：37；|
| | | | |historic style and face. |Reconstruction Area:5000 |
| | | | |For the buildngs damaged |㎡; |
| | | | |seriously, it will be |Demolish Area: 4544㎡; |
| | | | |reconstructed according to |Demolish Household |
| | | | |traditional forms, mainly in |No.:23; |
| | | | |two stories, while doing |Volume Rate:0.65. |
| | | | |necessary development in | |
| | | | |materials and technical | |
| | | | |updating, such as kichen, | |
| | | | |sanitation, fire proof, | |
| | | | |moisture proof and energy | |
| | | | |saving, etc；It will develop | |
| | | | |traditional commercial shops | |
| | | | |along the street. | |
|B3-1.1.4 |Block A. |Reconstruction |From east ofSecond |Mencius Primary School will be|Block Area: |
| |Renewal | |Sage Rd. to west of|rebuilt according to the |73070㎡ |
| | | |Gangshan Rd. near |tradional forms. Its buildings|The floor space ofMencius|
| | | |the Second Sage |in eastern area will be all |Primary School:18000㎡; |
| | | |Mansion Street in |demolished. It will be |Rebuild residential |
| | | |the south and |reconstructed according to |area:47700㎡; |
| | | |access to Renzu |traditional forms, mainly in |Volume Rate::0.9; |
| | | |Temple Street. |two stories, while doing |Population of Residents: |
| | | | |necessary development in |791; |
| | | | |materials and technical |Household No.:226; |
| | | | |updating, such as kichen, | |
| | | | |sanitation, fire proof, | |
| | | | |moisture proof and energy | |
| | | | |saving, etc；It will develop | |
| | | | |traditional commercial shops | |
| | | | |along the street. | |
|B3-1.2 |Landmark Archway and Public Buildings Reconstruction in the Street Block |
|B3-1.2.1 |Jingzhong |Rebuild |East Head of Second|It will be rebuilt according |12.0m long; |
| |Archway | |Sage Mansion Street|to the confirmed historical |5.2m wide; |
| | | | |form and style basing upon |10.0m high. |
| | | | |historical record or relevant| |
| | | | |materials. | |
|B3-1.2.2 |Jiexiao |Rebuild |East Head of Second|It will be rebuilt according |12.0m long |
| |Archway | |Sage Mansion Street|to the confirmed historical |5.2m wide |
| | | | |form and style basing upon |10.0m high |
| | | | |historical record or relevant| |
| | | | |materials. | |
|B3-1.2.3 |Guojiepeng |Rebuild |West Head of |It will be rebuilt according |9.0m long |
| | | |Guojiepeng Street |to the confirmed historical |6.0m wide |
| | | | |form and style basing upon |8.5m high |
| | | | |historical record or relevant| |
| | | | |materials. | |
|B3-1.2.4 |Landmark |Rebuild |East head of |It will be rebuilt according |9.0m long |
| |Archway | |Guojiepeng Street |to the confirmed historical |5.2m wide |
| | | | |form and style basing upon |10.0m high |
| | | | |historical record or relevant| |
| | | | |materials. | |
|B3-1.3 |Mencius Elementary School |
|B3-1.3.1 |Mencius Primary|adding |Block A |To reconstruct Mencius Primary|Total construction |
| |School | | |School at the northwest of |area:11000㎡ |
| | | | |Street A, scale: 48 classes |Mencius Primary School |
| | | | |and 45 students for each |area:15750㎡ |
| | | | |class; its appearance is |Underground parking lot |
| | | | |modern pattern |:7200㎡ |
| | | | | |A standard sports ground |
| | | | | |Volume fraction :0.7 |
|B3-2 |Street Block Traffic Facility |
|B3-2.1 |Traffic Facility |
|B3-2.1.1 |Road in |upgrading |Second Sage Mansion|To adopt local black stone |Scale（length×width）: |
| |Historic Street| |Street, Second Sage|slates for full size pavement |Second Sage Mansion |
| |and alley. | |Road. |till to the foot of buildings |Street: |
| | | |Guojiepeng Street, |on two sides of the street. |316m×8.0m |
| | | |Street Block A. | |Second Sage Mansion |
| | | | | |Street: 553m×6.0m |
| | | | | |Guojiepeng Street: |
| | | | | |480m×10.0m |
| | | | | |Street Block A: |
| | | | | |286m×8.0m，330m×6.0m，121|
| | | | | |2 m×4.0m |
|B3-3 |Street Block Infrastructure |
|B3-3.1 |Water Supply and Drainage Facilities |
|B3-3.1.1 |Water Supply |New |Street Block |The water supply is introduced from the mian water |
| |facility |construction |A． |supply networks of the public utility. The main trunk |
| | | | |pipelines are arranged in a circle form while the water |
| | | | |pipelines in the street block are arranged in branch |
| | | | |configuation. The materials of water supply pipe adopts |
| | | | |ball milling cast iron and PE pipes. |
|B3-3.1.2 |Drainage |New |Street Block |It will separate storm water from sewage water;The storm|
| |Facility（inclu|construction |A． |water drainage system in street block will be laid into |
| |ding Mencius | | |traditional ditches all with stone; The sewage system |
| |Primary School | | |will be built into an integrated system combining with |
| |） | | |upgrading of kinchen and sanitation facilities in |
| | | | |residential buildings, and adopting HEPE double wall |
| | | | |corrugated pipes. |
|B3-3.2 |Power Supply Facility |
|B3-3.2.1 |Power |New |Street Block |The parameter and |The cable length: 1085m |
| |Cable |construction |A． |specification of high voltage | |
| | | | |equipment as well as the | |
| | | | |installation work have to be | |
| | | | |in charged by the local Power | |
| | | | |Administrative Sector. It will| |
| | | | |adopt alternated PVC insulated| |
| | | | |and reinforced power cable. It| |
| | | | |will adopt direct burial | |
| | | | |approach. | |
|B3-3.2.2 |Road |New |Second Sage Mansion|It adopts Chinese traditional |245 lamps. |
| |Lighting |construction |Street, Second Sage|wall lamps or pole lamps, with| |
| | | |Road, Guojiepeng |arrangement of 20m interval at| |
| | | |Street and Street |reasonable corner | |
| | | |Block A. |configuration arrangement. | |
|B3-3.3 |Fuel Gas |
|B3-3.3.1 |Fuel Gas |New |Street Block |It plans to supply gas through medium pressure pipe |
| |Pipelines |construction |A． |network and through both low and medium systems |
| | | | |regulated by pressure regulating station. The gas supply|
| | | | |through medium pressure level system will be regulated |
| | | | |by installed regulating cabin oy by regulator of the |
| | | | |building. |
| | | | |It plans to use natural gas pipe by adopting branch |
| | | | |confugation network in early time and try to approach as|
| | | | |near as possible the loading centre and big users. If it|
| | | | |is mature from long run, it will form a circular pipe |
| | | | |network, so as to provide reliability for gas supply. |
| | | | |Considering the issue of pipeline anti-corruption, it is|
| | | | |recommended to use PE pipes for outdoor natural gas pipe|
| | | | |networks, which should be directly buried underground. |
|B3-3.4 |Heat Supply |
|B3-3.4.1 |Central heat |New |Street Block |It plans to arrange heat supply pipelines by adopting |
| |Supply |construction |A． |branch confugation network in early time and from long |
| |pipelines | | |run, it will form a circular pipe network, and try to |
| | | | |approach as near as possible the loading centre. The |
| | | | |heating pipe networks should be all directly buried |
| | | | |underground, and be laid on parallel with the |
| | | | |orientation of the road. Accrossing the outlet of the |
| | | | |road, it has to be reinforced with steel casing pipes. |
| | | | |The steaming branch pipes is DN80~DN150 in diameter. |
|B3-3.5 |Fire Fighting Facility |
|B3-3.5.1 |Fire Proof |New addition |Street Block |To set up 12 units of ss100/65|12 units. |
| |Hydrant | |A． |outdoor fire proof hydrant in | |
| | | | |Street Block A. according to | |
| | | | |the outdoor fire proof | |
| | | | |specifications and norms. | |
|B3-3.5.2 |Other Fire |New addition |Street Block |To equip with 20 units of |To equip with 20 units of|
| |Proof | |A． |portable dry powder |portable dry powder |
| |Facilities | | |extinguisher, with 4kg each. |extinguisher, with 4kg |
| | | | | |each. |
|B3-3.6 |Environment Sanitation Facility |
|B3-3.6.1 |Sorting dust |New addition |Street Block |Wooden or stone made unique |30units, with average |
| |bins | |A． |dust bins |interval of 50m. |
|B3-3.6.2 |Garbage |New |West head of |To set up one bargagetransfer |One unit garbage transfer|
| |transfer |construction |Guojiepeng Street |station and purchase one |station, with capacity of|
| |station | | |garbage transfer truck. |15tons and one garbage |
| | | | | |transfer truck. |
|B3-3.6.3 |Public Toilet |New construction |Street Block |To make reasonable layout |One unit with 10 |
| | | |A． |according to semi-diameter of |squat/position, covering |
| | | | |services, local style and |area 60㎡/unit |
| | | | |water flush form. | |
1. Residential Building Upgrading and Renewal
Basing up the original floor space, it plans to carry out upgrading and redevelopment on ratio of 2:3 between upgrading and redevelopment. The floor space of redevelopment will be 1.1 times larger than that of original floor space.
(1) Building Reconstruction
In Second Sage Mansion Street, Second Sage Road and Guojiepeng Street, it will choose the modern architectures or simple and crude housings without protection value to be demolished along both sides of these streets and alleys. The average depth of demolished area along the two sides of the street is 20m. The buildings in street block A. will be completely demolished, and then be redeveloped according to the traditional architectural form. Meanwhile, necessary material and technical updating will be adopted, such as the kitchen, fire proof, moisture proof and energy saving, etc. Afterwards, the redeveloped street block will be turned as a historic cultural street block with mixed functions of both residence and commerce, and the traditional business shops will be put up in front-row housings along the streets. This type of arrangement can be realized through cooperation with residents. The local residents could also choose voluntarily either moving back to the redeveloped street block or choosing once for all compensation for their resettlement. The designed architectures should be generally controlled within two stories or below, except for very rare individual buildings that could be with three stories, of which the floor space of the first and the second story should account for two-thirds of the total, and that of the first story should account for one-third of the total. The redeveloped architectures in the street block area should maintain their original space forms and architectural fabric; Entrance gate, wall boundary stone, trees and courtyard reflecting the unique characteristics of the residents’ life, as well as the space with unique nature should be all remained.
（2）Architecture Upgrading
It will carry out routine maintenance on old residential buildings with good structure in the street block, and will conduct upgrading on facade of traditional architectures which had changed partly according to their historical style and appearance, so as to let them being in consistent with the overall architectural style.
1. The Program of Street Block Upgrading
The Mencius Primary School at the northwest corner of street block A will be reconstructed according to the scale of 48 classes, with each class 45 pupils. It covers an area of 15750 square meters, with volume ratio of 0.7. Due to the school adjacent to the city's main thoroughfares Gangshan road, to eliminate the traffic noise influence on teaching activities, the playground, games venues and activity venues will be located in the west of school, the distance between traffic artery and the classroom are more than 250m, by adopting honking measures, passing vehicle will not affect teaching activities.
The rest area in the block is for the residential redevelopment. The construction mode is to put up commercial buildings externally by the side of the street, while having residential buildings internally, and the west side of Mencius Mansion is for the public buildings. There is a fire proof passageway paved between the west side of the public buildings and the Mencius Mansion with 6m in distance.
[pic]
Plan of the Mencius Primary School
2. Landmarking Archway and Public Building Redevelopment in Street Block
According to historical photos and records, it plans to select the landmark archway and landmarking architectures to be restored or reconstructed. After completing the upgrading and redevelopment of the street block, the residential buildings will not only conform to the historical fabric, but also be in consistent with the overall environment of the whole street block in the historical record.
3. Street Block Traffic Facility
At present, the layout and fabric of streets and alleys within the historic city are relatively maintained clearly. However, some pavement structure was changed, some was seriously damaged. The current streets and alleys network of the city was overlapped and built through different times. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the historical informations of various periods in the process of urban development. The proposed project will only involve the upgrading of pavement at some streets and alleys, such as Second Sage Mansion Street, Guojiepeng Street, Second Sage Road and Street Block A. It will not conduct the road widening, while enhancing greening of the street block, so as to improve its livability and attractiveness.
Considering the mixed vehicle and pedestrian access, it adopts the form of double width road, with whole site of black flagstone pavement laid to both sides of the buildings’ plinth. The road design has considered openning up with pedestrian access on both sides of buildings and with passageway of fire proof, so as to form a complete traffic system. It trys to adopt the original black flagstones for pavement as many as possible, and to chisel new flagstones by labour for meeting the rest insufficient part.
4、Water Supply and Drainage Facilities
Street Block A. basicly does not have systematic water supply and drainage pipelines separating rain water and sewage for the time being. The proposed cconstruction of infrastructure intends, in accordance with the building layout and function to improve the life of residents, fire proof water supply pipelines and drainage collection system separating rain water from sewage, so as to enhance its attractiveness and livability of the street block.
1）Water Supply Facility
The water supply is introduced from the main trunk pipelines of public utility. The main trunk pipeline is of annular layout. The water supply pipeline in the street block is of branch confugation. The material of water supply pipe is of the nodular (ductile) cast iron (DN150, 885m, DN100, 709m) and the PE pipe (water supply branch: De32 ~ 90,1.0 MPa, 4600m).
2）Drainage Facility
Rainwater and sewage should be collected separately. The street rainwater drainage system consisting of stone ditches will be fully built in traditional form. The sewage system, combining upgrading of residential kitchen and sanitation will form a complete drainage system, using PE double-wall drainage main pipes (mains: De400, 115m; De300, 1448m; outlet pipe of household drain: De110 ~ De200, 2300m). The rainwater drainage adopts reinforced concrete rainwater drainage ditch.
5、Fuel Gas
Natural gas, a clean energy of high quality and efficiency is the green energy greatly encouraged to develop by the state. Zoucheng enjoys advantages of having easy access to two major natural gas supply pipelines. Therefore, the development of natural gas undertakings is an inevitable trend. In recent time, Zoucheng will still rely on gas source from coal chemical plant of Yanzhou Coal Mining Industry Corp. After the introduction of natural gas, Zoucheng should change to use natural gas instead of coal gas as soon as possible. It plans to supply the natural gas through medium pressure pipeline network, then, the two levels of medium and low pressure systems will be regulated by regulating stations. The gas supply of medium pressure level system will be regulated by setting up regulating cabinet or regulating box in the buildings.
In recent time, it intends to adopt branch network for natural gas pipeline, accessing as close as possible to the load centers and large customers. From long run and when the conditions are mature, it will form a ring pipeline network to improve supply reliability. Taking into account of pipeline anti-corrosion, it is recommended that the outdoor natural gas pipeline network adopts PE pipes. Natural gas pipeline netwok should be directly buried underground. Under the sidewalk, it is laid not less than 0.9m deep. Under a traffic road, it is not less than 1.2m deep. Acrossing the intersection of road, the pipes have to be installed with steel casing. The fuel gas pipelines should be generally arranged on east and nouth sides of the urban roads.
6、Planning for Heating Pipeline Network
It plans to supply heat through steam pipeline network. The heating for the residents and public buildings will be supplied by heat transfer station after converting the steam heat into low temperature water heat of 95-70 ℃. According to《The Urban Master Plan of Zoucheng City》, it plans to build two transfer stations suurounding the Street Block A area, linking with steam branch pipelines. The heating pipeline network is of branch layout in recent time, and from long run, it will consider to link all pipeline networks and form a circular heating supply system, accessing to the central heating load as close as possible. The heating supply pipeline network has to be all directly buried underground, and be laid parallel with the road. In principle, it will be laid on the south side of east-west road, while be laid on the east side of south-north road. Under the sidewalk, it is laid not less than 0.7m deep. Under a traffic road, it is not less than 1.0m deep. Acrossing intersections of the road, the pipes have to be installed with steel casing. The steam pipe diameter is DN80 ~ DN200 (the directly buried insulating pipe: DN200, 10m; DN150, 280m; DN125, 197m; DN100, 534m; DN80, 124m).
7、Evironmental Sanitation Facility
There is no any centralized garbage collection and transfer station in present areas of Street Block A., and along Second Sage Mansion Street, Second Sage Road, Guojiepeng Street and their surroundings. The garbage scattered and piling up everywhere is collected by sanitation workers with small size transporting carts. Some of the garbage are directly dumpped into Yinli River, thus causing serious pollution and poor sanitation conditions. In order to improve environmental situation of Street Block A. and the area around Mencius Temple and Mencius Mansion, it is proposed to set up sorting dust bins and a garbage collection and transfer station in the above mentioned area.
It plans to set up 30 sorting dust bins on two sides of the streets with an interval of 50m, and one garbage transfer station of 20 tons in capacity; the proposed garbage transfer station is of small size, light weight, focusing on one station with more pits but one walking hydraulic pressure Garbage Transfer Station. Inside this station, it sets up a divice for collecting leachate from the sewage accumulation pit. Then, the sewage suction truck will collect leachate of the garbage and transport them to the leachate treatment plant in the garbage landfill ground for treatment. The construction site of the proposed garbage station is located at Guojiepeng Street, more than 50m away from surrounding residential areas and other sensitive spots.
It needs to point out that this part of construction does not involve in cultural relics, and also not in the scope of cultural heritage preservation, therefore, it will not generate impact on preservation of cultural heritage. The preservation scope within the Historic City of Zoucheng can be seen specificly in Figure 3.4-18，and the presrvation scope of Mencius Temple and Mencius Mansion is defined as follows:
Meng Temple: Starting from the east wall of Mencius Temple, with eastern boundary 10m further to the east; Starting from nouth wall of Mencius Temple, with nortern boundary 9m further to the north; the western boundary is at the east wall of Mencius Mansion in the west; and 160m further to the south untill northern side stone of Temple Front Road is the southern boundary.
Mencius Mansion: The eastern boundary is at west wall of Mencius Temple in the east. Starting from north wall of Mencius Mansion in the north, 9m further to the north untill the residential area is the northern boundary; Starting from west wall of Mencius Mansion in the west, 9m further to the west untill the residential area is the wertern boundary; Starting from south wall of Mencius Mansion, 11m further to the south untill the Second Sage Mansion is the southern boundary.
The project construction contents of upgrading and renewal of ancient urban area in Zoucheng does not involve cultural relics, and are also not within the scope of cultural relics protection, so that the construction of this part contents will not have impact on cultural relics protection. The scope of cultural relic protection in the ancient urban area of Zoucheng is specificly seen in Figure 3.4-18.
3.4.3.4 The Environment Improvement and River Course Rehabilitation in Historic Urban Area of Zoucheng
The project will divert water from Xiwei Reservoir, with its diverting channel passing through Yinli River, so as to form one dynamic water system and restore the historical appearance of Yinli River, its normal sewage emission and flood drainage functions. It will carry out dredgeing and diverting works on Yinli River course，and restore the destroyed ancient bridge. It plans to adopt natural eco-style treatment methods along the two banks of the river to restore the historic water-front outskirts appearance of the ancient city, and to build up a green ecological corridor passing through the urban area of Zoucheng City.
Xiwei Reservoir is located at mid-section of Dasha River, the tributary of Baima River and eastern urban area of Zoucheng. It is the large scale (Grade II) reservoir with the main functions of flood control and irrigation, combining with aquaculture, power generation and other comprehensive utilizations. The Reservoir has a total water storage capacity of 107 million cubic meters, with the irrigation capacity of 41 million cubic meters. It started construction on October 4, 1959, and was basically completed by the end of June, 1960. The dams were built in west and north part of reservoir. It covers a drainage area about 113.6 square kilometers and irrigation area about 77.4 thousands mu, with effective irrigated area 51 thousands mu. According to the testimonial result of 《Testimonial Report on Safty of Xiwei Reservoir Dams (18th,Jan. 2001)》issued by Shandong Provincial Water Resources Department, the hub engineering works of Xiwei Reservoir was classified as Grade II works. Its main constructions such as dams, overflow sluice gate and tailrace tunnel were classified as Grade II works. Its secondary constructions were classified as Grade III works, and other temporary buildings were classified as Grade IV works. The engineering design of silt clean-up and reinforcement for the Xiwei Reservoir is basically reasonable, which in general conform to the requirements of currently practiced technical specifications. The quality of construction can meet the overall requirements of design and specifications. The image and appearance of the works can meet the requirements of water storage. The defined progrme for storage and flood control are basiclly feasible. Since the water diversion project of Yinli River course needs water volume of 2320m3/a and irrigation water volume about 30600m3/a and Xiwei Reservoir can provide water resources of 60000m3/a annually, so it can satisfy the water demands for the river course diversion project.
The specific construction content, scale and quantity of engineering works, etc are shown in Table 3.4-9. The detailed distribution of project components is seen in Figure 3.4-19.
Table 3.4-9 the Environment Improvement of Ancient Urban Area in Zoucheng and River Course Rehabilitation
|No. |Name of Items |Construction |Construction |Construction Contents |Scale and Quantity of |
| | |Nature |Sites | |Engineering Works |
|B4-1 |River Course Rehabilitation |
|B4-1.1 |River Course |Upgrading |Yinli River |Basing up the requirements of flood |Dredgeing Earth |
| |Engineering | | |control, to expand the river course,|Works：40195cbm |
| |Works | | |clean its bargage; Try to form a |Weir：12 spots. |
| |Arrangement | | |clean water river course landscape |Water Lifting Pump：One |
| | | | |by seting up many wairs; To demolish|unit. |
| | | | |the walls on riversides，and arrange|Greening Maintenance |
| | | | |greening maintenance eco-bags or |eco-bags slope |
| | | | |decorated small manmade hills and |protection：3717㎡ |
| | | | |rockery according to the |Wood-like post slope |
| | | | |requirements of human culture and |surface protection: 1015㎡ |
| | | | |landscaping. |Eco-bricks banks |
| | | | | |protection：1015㎡ |
| | | | | |Eco-slope |
| | | | | |Protection：10148㎡ |
|B4-2 |Traffic Facility |
|B4-2.1 |Landscape |New |Yinli River |According to the requirements of |Walkway Bridge： |
| |Bridge |Construction | |current traffic and needs of future |2.5m wide，10 units |
| | | | |development and construction, it |4.5m wide，one unit. |
| | | | |should build up 13 new or reformed |Traffic Bridge： |
| | | | |traffic bridges and walkway bridges,|7.5m wide，1 unit |
| | | | |along the Yinli river by depending |6.0m wide，1unit. |
| | | | |on the width of the river course. | |
|B4-2.2 |Walkways |New |Along banks of |To build new walkwayson two sidesof |New Construction |
| |on banks |Construction |Yinli River |the river, linked with passageways |Area：7020㎡ |
| | |& | |of the residents on riversides， | |
| | |Upgrading | |paved with black bricks or pebbles | |
| | | | |on surface. | |
|B4-3 |
|B4-3.1 |Drainage Facility |
|B4-3.1.1 |Sewage |New |Along banks of |To lay sewage drainagetrunk pipeline|Sewage Inteceptor and |
| |Interceptor |Construction |Yinli River |on right side of the |collection trunk |
| |system | | |river，acceptsewage drained from |pipe:D400-800 HDPE double |
| | | | |right riverside; It will not set up |wall corrugated pipe: 5465m|
| | | | |consistant trunk pipeline, but |Manholes：about 148 units |
| | | | |dividing the left riverside into |Crossing River invert |
| | | | |many small drainage zones. After |siphons：6 units |
| | | | |collecting sewage from different | |
| | | | |sections, it will converge into | |
| | | | |trunk pipes through invert siphons | |
| | | | |respectively, so as to realize the | |
| | | | |joint discharge operation. Through | |
| | | | |the intercepting system, it can | |
| | | | |collect all the sewage from 180 | |
| | | | |small drainage outlets on two sides | |
| | | | |of the river and send to the sewage | |
| | | | |plant for treatment. | |
|B4-3.1.2 |Sewage Drainage |New |Along banks of |The sewage trunk pipeswill be laid |Sewage pipe D160-400 HDPE |
| |Pipelines |Construction |Yinli River |2.5m outside the foot of right side |Double wall Corrugated |
| | | | |dam along the river bank. Left bank |pipe: 3800m. |
| | | | |branch pipes：There are many | |
| | | | |buildings on left bank area. The | |
| | | | |principal for pipe layout is to | |
| | | | |reduce the scope of demolishment, | |
| | | | |and try to use existing roads for | |
| | | | |pipes network layout. It is | |
| | | | |recommended to use HDPE double wall | |
| | | | |corrugated pipes. In order to | |
| | | | |realize that sewage from left bank | |
| | | | |side could flow into trunk pipes | |
| | | | |through river underground, it will | |
| | | | |build 6 invert siphons. The sewage | |
| | | | |invert siphons mainly have multy | |
| | | | |folding and U shape varieties. | |
|B4-3.1.3 |Sewage |New |Along banks of |In drainage system, it sets up |Φ1000 Round Sewage Manholes|
| |Manholes |Construction |Yinli River |manholes, mainly used to connect |laid with bricks：65 units.|
| | | | |pipeline ditch for regular check up |Φ1250 Round Sewage Manholes|
| | | | |and dredgeing. The manholes will be |laid with bricks：45 units.|
| | | | |set up on pipe ditch interconnects, | |
| | | | |turning points, changed size or | |
| | | | |slope points, and weir as well as on| |
| | | | |straight pipeline ditch with an | |
| | | | |interval a of certain distance. | |
|B4-3.2 |Power Supply Facility |
|B4-3.2.1 |Power Cable |New |Along banks of |All outdoor power cable and |Length of Cable：3800m |
| | |Construction |Yinli River |telecommunication wire will be laid | |
| | | | |passing through the area under | |
| | | | |management. | |
|B4-3.2.2 |Lighting Syetem |New |Along banks of |To set up a Rd. lamp in every 20m |250 sets |
| | |Construction |Yinli River |interval; To set up small lighting | |
| | | | |works according to needs; power | |
| | | | |cable with pipe casing is laid | |
| | | | |underground. | |
|B4-3.3 |Environmental Sanitation Facility |
|B4-3.3.1 |Gaarbage Sorting|New |Along banks of |To set up one sorting dust bin, |100 units. |
| |Bins |Construction |Yinli River |every 50-80m in average, and with | |
| | | | |unique style of wooden or stone | |
| | | | |materials. | |
|B4-3.3.2 |PublicToilets |New |Along banks of |Local style，flush type. |4 units，10 squat position/|
| | |Construction |Yinli River | |unit |
| | | | | |Land area：60㎡/unit |
|B4-3.4 |Landscape Facility |
|B4-3.4.1 |Environment |New |Along banks of |To use local variety of trees |Area：80,000㎡ |
| |Greeening |Construction |Yinli River |combined with introced variety of | |
| | | | |trees for plantation according to | |
| | | | |the natural eco-ways. | |
|B4-3.4.2 |Irrigation |New |Along banks of |To put up one set of automatic |38 sets |
| |System |Construction |Yinli River |irrigation system for green land on | |
| | | | |two sides of the river every 150m of| |
| | | | |interval, connecting with the | |
| | | | |nearest water supply pipeline of | |
| | | | |Public Utility. | |
[pic]
Table 3.4-19 a layout of Yinli River Harnessing Engineering Works
1、River Course Harnessing
Yinli River is the tributary of Dasha River, with the width 5-12m range. Because of lacking unified collection of garbage from nearby residents in recent years, a large amount of bargage was dumped into the river course randomly, thus causing the blockage of river course. In addition, due to the inadequate sewage collection pipes, a great deal of domestic wastewater was discharged into the river, resulting in great reduction of its original flood control capacity. Now, the river course has become a veritable sewage ditch. Whenever in summer, mosquitoes breed, odor filled, and the residents on two banks of the river suffered greatly from this miserable situation. It has been threatening the ecological environment of Zoucheng City.
The Yinli River course harnessing project will follow the principle of “Putting drainage and flood control as priority, while taking into account the landscape requirements". It will try mianly to meet the needs of drainage and flood control, and then focus on restoring and protecting the river course, supplemented by transforming and widening it. It will design the cross section of river course, while considering the loading capacity of water resources.
According to the different functional requirements along riversides, Yinli River will be divided into three sections, including upper, middle and lower sections. The upper reach section is the starting point of Yinli River, the section from (0 +000) to Yishan Rd. (1 +216). In this section of the river course, except for the straightening of winding course in the design of stake No.0+642 ~ 0 +730 section, it will basically make arrangement along the existing river course. In principle, the dam foot on the left bank will remain unchanged, but widen the river course to the rightside according to the flood control requirements. It adopts the design of rectangular cross section, and the main engineering works are to clean up the garbage in the existing river course. Meanwhile, it will expand the cross section in some part, which can not meet the demands of flood control and drainage. It will also demolish the existing retaining walls on two banks of the river and do reconstruction.
The middle reach is the section extending from Yishan Road (1+261) till Gangshan Road (2+571). It is the key section for comprehensive harnessing in this proposed project. It will consider the demands of shopping mall development, basing upon existing river course and in accordance with requirements of flood control design, as well as through setting up many wairs, so as to form a clean water landscaping river course. For retaining walls on two sides of the river, it will adopt the pattern of green eco-bags or rokery basing upon the requirements of combining human culture with landscaping river course, etc.
The River course in the section from Second Sage Road to Kangshan Road is relatively wider, and may make appropriate adjustment on waterfront according to the landscape design requirements, but the width of the river course is not suitable for less than 15m. The downstream section is that from Gangshan Road (2+583) to the entrance of Dasha River (3+762). This section of river course will be mainly for satisfying the purpose of drainage and flood control. It will widen and harness the river course according to the hydraulic calculation outcome, and will adopt the design of rectangular cross section.
In order to meet the clear water landscape requirements, it plans to set up 12 units of overflow weir in Dahu Village，Evergreen Road, Yishan Road, East Gate Lane Avenue, Second Sage Road and Gangshan Road, etc respectively, so as to lift up the water table in some part, and create a landscape water surface. The location of overflow weirs is shown in Table 3.4-10.
Table 3.4-10 an Outline on Overflow Weirs Location of Yinli River Comprehensive Management and Control Egineering Works in Zoucheng City
|Name |Design Post |Width of River Course |River Bed |Wair Top Elevation |Bank Wall |
| |No. |（m) |Elevation |（m) |Type |
| | | |（m) | | |
|Weir 1 |0+130 |7.65 |77.54 |78.24 |BW Type 1 |
|Weir 2 |0+270 |7.8 |76.17 |76.87 |BW Type 1 |
|Weir 3 |0+380 |7.4 |75.09 |75.79 |BW Type 2 |
|Weir 4 |0+570 |6.5 |74.6 |75.3 |BW type 2 |
|Weir 5 |0+740 |6.4 |74.26 |74.96 |BW type 1 |
|Weir 6 |1+100 |12.6 |73.58 |74.28 |BWType 2 |
|Weir 7 |1+320 |9.6 |73.09 |73.79 |BW type 3 |
|Weir 8 |1+500 |7.2 |72.38 |73.08 |BW type 4 |
|Weir 9 |1+680 |12 |71.65 |72.35 |BW type 5 |
|Weir 10 |2+100 |11.3 |71 |71.7 |BW Type 5 |
|Weir 11 |2+270 |18.2 |70.73 |71.43 |BW Type 6 |
|Weir 12 |2+560 |17.8 |70.12 |70.82 |BW Type 6 |
Yinli River is some kind of river course passing through Zoucheng City with the functions of drainage and flood control. Except now there are traffic roads acrossing some sections of river, the majority sections of the river have residential buildings lined up on both sides of the river, therefore it is extremely difficult to demolish these buildings and make resettlement. In order to minimize resettlement works and reduce project land occupation, as well as according to the construction needs, it will adopt design of rectangular cross section on both upstream and downstream of the river course. Due to the reason that the middle reach of the river will pass through the main urban area, and combined with the needs of development and construction along the river sides, it plans to adopt design of trapezoidal cross section. Compared with trapezoidal cross section and other compound cross section patterns, the rectangular cross section occupys the smallest area, and takes the minimum amount of demolition works, so it is the optimal cross section. The programe of this project is based on the existing river course, and remain dam footline on the left side of river course unchanged, while widening the river course further to the right side. The retaining wall of the river course on the waterfront is of the vertical form, and its back to the river is of inclining slope. The ratio of riverside and slope is 1:0.5.
2、Traffic Facility
1) Landscaping Bridges
The landscaping bridge and walkway pier with the landscaping as main form of performance, it also have pedestrian crossing-river function, but no consideration of letting motor vehicles crossing over the bridge. The traffic bridge is mainly designed for vehicle traffic, and its structural form should be simple, elegant and easy for construction. According to the present traffic situation and taking the needs of latter development and construction into consideration, it plans to built and upgrade 13 bridges of traffic or pedestrian functions. The width design of the bridges has to be made according to the size of the river course. The detailed indicators of various bridges are shown in Table 3.4-11.
Table 3.4-11 the Desgin Indicators on Acrossing River Bridge of Yinli River Comprehensive Management and Control Engineering Works of Zoucheng City
|No. |Name |Design |Width of |Ground |Cross Section Elements of River Course |
| | |Stake No. |Bridge |Surface | |
| | | |Surface (m)|Elevation | |
| | | | |(m) | |
| | | | | |
|1 |Cement |t |42000 |50kg/bag |
|2 |Steel |t |4200 |- |
|3 |Wood |m3 |5600 |- |
|4 |Yellow sand |t |56000 |- |
|5 |Stone |t |28000 |- |
|6 |Glass |m2 |14000 |- |
|7 |Lime Powder Paste |t |140 |50kg/bag |
|8 |Ductile Cast Iron |m |125000 |- |
| |Pipe, PE Pipe, HDPE, or PVC | | | |
| |Pipes | | | |
|9 |Antique Bricks and Tiles |m3 |4200 |- |
|10 |Ancient Green Paint Dosage |t |0.5 |2kg/ barrel |
It can find a ready market with ample supply of many needed raw materials in the local or surrounding areas, such as cement, steel, wood, yellow sand, stone, glass, lime paste, heating facilities, PVC pipes and other building materials. It can purchase the reproduced antique bricks and ancient green paint from the seller or producer, who has been aproved by the Cultural Heritage Management Authority.
3.6.2 The Usage of New Technology and New Materials in Construction
According to the documents of《National Implementation Program for Comfortable Housing Demonstration Project》 and 《Management Approach for Performance Identification of Commercial Residential Buildings》issued by Ministry of Construction, and other relevant provisions, also in accordance with the residential practicality, safety, durability, environmental and economical contents and its specific indicators requirements, the construction project has adopted many items of new technologies, new crafsmanship and new materials in planning development, construction and operations in order to achieve conservation of energy and resources, reduce costs, increase efficiency, protect the environment and prevent pollution, and thus to realize the purpose of protecting eco-environment in the regeneration process of the historic cities.
The main technical measures are as follows:
(1) Adhere to the framework principles: consider the overall current status, respect for both history and nature, putting equal stress on the importance of both traditional and modern factors and elements, so as to take the buildings, its surrounding space environment and the historic cultural background of ancient urban areas as a whole body to consider the conception and design.
(2) In the designing process, it should pay attention to the distance, density, shape and orientation between the newly constructed buildings and existing ancient buildings, so to maximize the use of solar energy and sunshine;
(3) Control the ratio of windows and walls, and shape coefficient of the buildings, so as to reduce the residential calorific loss;
(4) In the process of selecting building materials, it should be prioritized to choose green and environmental friendly materials and energy-saving materials;
(5) In order to achieve the purpose of saving steel and cement materials, reducing the loss and consumption of electricity, raw materials, labor intensity, saving labor force, and achiving the purpose of enhancing the degree of civilized construction, it has applied many new materials and technologies, such as ready-mixed concrete in construction (commercial concrete), complex combination of templates, cold-rolled ribbed steel bar application technology. For more than 14mm in diameter steel bar, it adopts sleeve cold extrusion technology. For the tapered thread and fine thread steel bar, it adopts sleeve connections and electrical ballast pressure welding, narrow gap arc welding technology, etc;
(6) It will select aerated fly ash blocks (bricks) with the small thermal conductivity to be used on the external walls, and wipe mixed mortar with better insulation properties on masonry and interval walls of the non-heating staircase ;
(7) For the outside doors, windows and external sealed balcony, which have small heat transfer coefficient, it can adopt the windows with a single plastic-steel frame and double layers of glass; for roof treatment, it can use a hard foam polyurethane insulation, and for non-heating basement, it can use polystyrene board insulation;
Meanwhile, it considers adopting water saving toilet tank fittings, and using lighting systems with energy-saving, high efficiency, comfort, security and friendly to the environment, etc.
The implementation of above mentioned measures will produce very good effect on the conservation of energy and resources, reduction of costs, enhancement of efficiency, environment protection and prevention of pollution.
3.7 Balance of Earthwork
According to statistics from feasibility study, the status of earthwork balance in the proposed project is shown in Table 3.7-1 and Table 3.7-2.
Table 3.7-1 the Earthwork Balance of the Proposed Project in Qufu (Unit: m3)
|Qufu |Excavation |Backfilling |Balance |
|Street Block Upgrading |8.5 |-4 |4.5 |
|Road |1.2 |-2.6 |-1.4 |
|River Course |1.5 |0 |1.5 |
|Landscaping & Greening |0.69 |-0.79 |-0.1 |
|Debit |Construction Waste from Demolition |1.4 |0 |1.4 |
|Dumper |Treated by Disposing Office |-4.4 |0 |-4.4 |
| |Transfer to the Landfill Ground |-1.5（sludge & | |-1.5 |
| | |dregs） | | |
|Total |7.39 |-7.39 |0 |
Note: Firstly, the project executing unit should consider to backfill the earthwork produced by itselves. The sludge from the river course should all be sent to the landfill for refilling.
Table 3.7-2 Earthwork Balance of the Proposed Project in Zoucheng (Unit: m3)
|Zoucheng |Excavation |Backfilling |Balance |
|Upgrading Street Block |13.6 |-7 |6.6 |
|Road |1.5 |-3.6 |-2.1 |
|River Course |4.0 |0 |4.0 |
|Landscaping & Greening |0.6 |-0.65 |-0.05 |
|Debit |Construction Waste from Demolition |2.1 |0 |2.1 |
|Dumper |Treated by Disposing Office |-6.55 |0 |-6.55 |
| |Trabsfer to Landfill Ground |-4.0 |0 |-4.0 |
|Total |11.25 |-11.25 |0 |
Note: Firstly, the project executing unit should consider to backfill the earthwork produced by itselves. The sludge from the river course should all be sent to the landfill for refilling.
Table 3.7-1 and 3.7-2 show that the volume of abandoned earthwork in the Qufu project is 59,000 m3 (including 15,000 m3 river course sludge), volume of abandoned earthwork in the Zoucheng project is 105,500 m3 (including 40,000 m3 river sludge).
All construction waste generated by the project will be transferred to the local dregs disposal office for disposal. All the sludge will be sent to the landfill for disposal.
3.8 Building Demolition and Resident Resettlement
The building demolition and resident resettlement program of this EA Report comes basicly from《The Resttlement Action Plan of Shandong Provincial Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage Sites Preservation and Development Project by Utilizing the Loan of World Bank》compiled by Shandong Provincial Construction and Development Academy.
3.8.1 Qufu Project Area
In Qufu project area, it will demolish the residential floor space of 38,785.65 square meters, affecting 342 households and 1198 people; demolish non-residential building floor space of 30,637.36 square meters, including: demolition of business shops with floor space of 12,557.36 square meters, affecting 101 households and 354 people; demolish Undertaking Institutions with floor space of 18,080 square meters, affecting 2 households and 0 people. The project involves the demolition of unlicensed floor space of 1361 square meters, and will affect a total of 14 categories of accessory objects and specialized facilities. According to the survey outcome of construction unit and the public participation, the population with demolished housing can take the approach either for moving back to their original street block to settle, or for directly receiving compensation in the form of money. The overall impact of the project is shown in Table 3.8-1.
Table 3.8-1 an Outline of the Project Demolition Situation in Qufu City
|Contents |Unit |Quantity |Affected Households Number |Population |
| | | | |Number |
|Demolition of Urban Residential Buildings |㎡ |38785.65 |342 |1198 |
|Demolition of Markets |㎡ |12557.36 |101 |354 |
|Demolition of Institutions |㎡ |18080 |2 |/ |
|Demolition of Unlicensed buildings |㎡ |1361 |/ |/ |
|Affected Accessory |Categories|14 |/ |/ |
3.8.2 Zoucheng Project Area
The demolition of urban residential buildings of the subprojects in Zoucheng City involves a floor space of 56,654 square meters, affecting 501 households and 1,745 people; demolition of shops in an area of 2,919 square meters, affecting 55 households and 167 people; demolition area of enterprises units 10,395 square meters, affecting 3 households, but no influence to people; It also involves demolition of unlicenced buildings with a total floor space 1,574 square meters; the project will affect a total of 11 appendages and special facilities. According to the survy outcome of construction units and the public participation, the population with demolished housing can take the approach either for moving back to their original street block to settle, or for directly receiving compensation in the form of money. The overall impact of the project is shown in Table 3.8-2.
Table 3.8-2 an Outline of Project Demolition Situation in Zoucheng City
|Affected Types |Unit |Quantity |Affected Households |Population |
|Demolition of Urban Residential |㎡ |56654 |501 |1754 |
|houses | | | | |
|Demolition of Markets |㎡ |2919 |55 |167 |
|Demolition of Institutions |㎡ |10395 |3 |/ |
|Demolition of Unlicensed Buildings |㎡ |1574 |/ |/ |
|Affected Assesory |Categories |11 |/ |/ |
3.9 Construction Schedule
Because of the broad scope of the proposed construction project and long period of implementation, therefore it will take a phased construction approach to conduct the construction. The construction schedule for all the subprojects is shown in Table 3.9-1.
Table 3.9-1 an Outline of the Construction Schedule
|No |Project Name |Preface |Construction Period |
| | |Preparation | |
| | |(Year) | |
|A1 |Protection,Management and Presentation of |2010 |East road project of Confucius Mansion plans to start on |
| |Cultural Heritage in Ming Historic City | |the second half of 2010, with a duration of 1 year; that |
| | | |of other projects is for 2 years (from 2013 to the end of|
| | | |2014) |
|A2 |Protection,Management and Presentation of |2011 |Start in 2012, with a duration of 1 year |
| |Cultural Heritage in Lu Historic City | | |
|A3 |Protection,Management and Presentation of |2010 |Start in 2011, with a duration of 1 year |
| |Cultural Heritage in Nishan of Qufu | | |
|A4 |Comprehensive Protection of Cultural |2012 |for 2 years (from 2013 to the end of 2014) |
| |Heritage of Mencius Temple, Mencius | | |
| |Mansion and Mencius Cemetery | | |
|A5 |based on sustainable tourism, display |2011 |For 1 year（2012） |
| |system of cultural heritage in Qufu and | | |
| |Zoucheng | | |
|A6 |digital information systems of Confucius |2012 |For 2 years（2013～2014） |
| |and Mencius | | |
|A7 |Training | |For 2 years（2013～2014） |
|B1 |Modification of blocks and Renovation of |2011 |For 3 years（from 2012 to the end of 2014） |
| |Ming ancient City | | |
|B2 |landscaping, green, river restoration of |2011 |Start in 2012 , the first stage, the second stage and the|
| |Lu and Meng ancient city | |third stage water systems’ construction will be completed|
| | | |in 2012, 2013, 2014 respectively |
|B3 |transformation and renewal of Zoucheng |2011 |For 3years（from 2012 to the end of 2014） |
| |ancient city | | |
|B4 |landscaping, green, river restoration of |2010 |It will be implemented and completed in 2011 |
| |Zoucheng ancient city | | |
3.10 Population Number Projections
The project area population can be divided into two categories of external tourists (mobile population) and nearby permanent residents (including working staffs), according to the projections of mobile visitor growth trend from feasibility study. The projection outcome of population number in the project area can be seen in Table 3.10-1.
Table 3.10-1 an Outline of the Number of Mobile Visitors
In the Project Area
|Project Area |Category |Population(person/d) |The Number of |
| | | |Population(person/d) |
|Qufu Project Area |Residents and Staffs |8000 |2920000 |
| |Mobile Population |- |6450000 |
|Zoucheng Project Area |Residents and Staffs |5600 |2040000 |
| |Mobile Population |- |3770000 |
Note: The proposed project will be completed by the end of 2014. This assessment is based on a calculation of mobile population number in 2015. The number of residents and staffs are considered to maintain on a basicly stabilized conditions.
3.11 The Public Infrastructure Conditions based by the Project Area
3.11.1 The Public Infrastructure Conditions of Qufu Project
3.11.1.1 Water Supply Engineering Work
The existing water supply sources for the project area is Urban Water Plant in Qufu City, which is located within Ming Historic City and has adopted five deep underground wells, with water supply production capacity of 110,000m3/d. At present, 70% of the City Area has been covered by the pipeline network of this plant and it is less than 1km in nearest distance from the project area. The total urban water demand is 85,000 m3 / d, and the remaining capacity of Water Supply Plant can meet the urban (including project area) demand for water supply. After the completion of the proposed project, project area water supply pipeline network will be mainly arranged in the form of grid-network, and of branch-like partially. It can supply fresh water to all the sites, where are suited to domestic life water consumption of the residents in the project area. Therefore, it is helpful and convenient to the construction and perfection of the water supply pipeline network within the project area.
3.11.1.2 Drainage Works
After the completion and improvement of the drainage system in the project area, it adopts separation drainage system of rain water and sewage. At that time, the rain water will flow by gravity into the storm water trunk pipes or into nearby drainage system, while the sewage could be collected by the sewage pipeline, and sent to the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) in Qufu City for centralized treatment.
The unique Sewage Treatment Plant is located in the north of Yi River, and east side of Western Circle Rd., which was completed and put into operation on April 2005, and was undertaken with technical reform, and checked and accepted by the EP Department concerned in 2008. It covers an area of 15 hectares, with the disposing capacity 40,000m3/d. The present disposing capacity is 34,000m3/d, with 6,000m3/d of remaining disposing capacity. It adopted NPR technology, and the disposed water quality can meet the B Standard of Grade I of《Pollutants Emission Standards of Urban and Township Sewage Treatment Plant》(GB18918-2002). The sludge quantity generated from sewage treatment is about 2500t/a, and has all been sent to the Garbage Landfill for centralized disposal. At present, the whole urban area has been basiclly covered by the construction of the sewage pipeline network. The nearest distance of pipeline network is less than 500m from the project area. After improvement of sewage pipeline network in the proposed project area, the additional 3,000 m3/d of sewage water can be effluent into the Sewage Treatment Plant, which will be still less than the remaining disposable capacity of the STP. Therefore, the existing design capacity of the STP can meet the requirements of project area sewage treatment.
3.11.1.3 Heat Supply Engineering Works
The heat source for the project area is Shenghua Thermal Power Plant of Qufu City, which was completed and put into operation on December 2006, and located in the northwest urban area. It is about 3km away from the project area, with heat supply range covering urban built-up areas and development zone. Currently, the whole urban area has been basiclly covered by the construction of the pipeline network. It is less than 500m in the nearest distance from the project area, with the built-up loading capacity of 2×670t/h, boiler supporting generators 2x220mw units, and heat supply capacity about 240t/h. The current heat loading status is 180t/h, with the surplus 60t/h. It adopts the two forms of heat supply: steam heat supply system and high temperature hot water heat supply system. After the improvement of heat supply network facilities in the project area, 12t/h heat quantity will be added. Therefore, the Thermal Power Plant will have sufficient quantity of extra heat to satisfy the demand for heat supply in the project area.
3.11.1.4 Fuel Gas Planning
According to the Urban Master Plan, Qufu Fuhua Fuel Gas Co. Limited is the gas source for planned gas supply of Qufu City. The Fuhua Fuel Gas Plant was completed and put into operation in August 1998, with designed gas supply capacity 100,000m3/d, current gas supply loading capacity 42000m3/d, and supplus loading capacity 58000m3/d. The urban middle pressure gas pipeline network will be formed into a circular network gas supply system. It will adopt the mixed-pressure system, with the middle and low pressure levels. The distribution pipeline network system adopts the approach for gas supply through medium pressure pipeline, and then through the regional low pressure pipeline regulated by regulator stations. The medium pressure pipeline will be laid along the main trunk roads and street blocks until to the front of residential buildings or that of large size public buildings, so as to supply gas directly to the users through pressure regulating cabinets. After the whole system is mature, the medium pressure gas pipeline may have direct access to every household.
3.11.1.5 Electrical Engineering Works
The structure of power supply network around project area is reasonable. 110kV voltage line has basically been taken into shape of a network. The main trunk lines of power transmission and distribution have been arranged along the main trunk roads to supplement the 35kV lines for meeting the needs of power supply.
3.11.1.6 Solid Waste Disposal System
At present, the domestic garbage of Qufu City mainly relies on the Urban Solid Waste Disposal Site, which is located in the east of Shanjia Village of Shizhuang Township, 8km away from western urban area of Qufu City. It adopts simple refilling form, with a disposing capacity 5000t/d. It will soon complete the service span and stop operation. According to the plan requirements, the domestic garbage of project area will depend on Jining Municipal Domestic Garbage Power plant to carry out disposal. This Power Plant is located at Beiyao Village, Liying Township, Rencheng District of Jining City, which is about 10km away from the project area. The construction scale is of 3×500t/d circulation fluid bed trash incineration boilers matched with 2×15MW condensation type turbo generators. The annual capacity of trash incineration could be 365,100 tons. At present, the project is being at the stage for environmental impact assessment. It is estimated that the Plant will be put into operation in early 2011. Qufu City is located within the scope of domestic garbage collection for the Power Plant, and therefore, the domestic garbage generated and dredged sediments in Qufu area will all be transported to this Power Plant for disposal.
3.11.2 The Public Infrastructure Conditions in Zoucheng Project
3.11.2.1 Water Supply Works
The existing water supply sources in the project area is Zoucheng Urban Water Plant, which adopted three deep underground wells, with water production and supply capacity of 134,000 m3/d. The current total urban water demand is 100,000m3/d, and 60% of the urban area has been covered by the pipeline network of this Water Plant. The nearest distance of pipeline network is less than 600m away from the project area. The water supply works can meet the demand of project area. The water supply network in the project area will be arranged in the form of grid-network, and of the dendritic partially. It can supply fresh water to all the sites, where are suited to domestic life water consumption in the project area.
3.11.2.2 Drainage Works
After the improvement of drainage system in the project area, it will adopt separation drainage system of rainwater and sewage. The rainwater will flow by gravity into the nearby storm water trunk pipeline or into nearby drainage system. The sewage water will be collected by the pipeline and sent to the Urban Sewage Treatment Plant for centralized treatment. The sewage pipeline network in the project area is arranged in dendritic form and flow mainly by gravity. It is generally arranged in the east and south side of the roads, where the sewage could be intercepted and sent to the Sewage Treatment Plant.
Zoucheng City unique Sewage Treatment Plant is located at No. 518, southern end of the Western Outer Circular Road of Zoucheng City, covering an area of 125mu, with sewage treatment capacity of 80,000m3/d and total investment of 155.54 million yuan. The project construction was all completed and put into operation on May 2003. Then, it has been checked and accepted by Provincial Environmental Protection Department. This Sewage Treatment Plant adopted Ao Boer oxidation ditch technology. The urban area has been basiclly covered by the construction of the pipeline network, which is less than 1000m in the nearest distance from the project area. It is helpful and convenient for the construction and perfection of sewage pipeline network in the project area. At present, the actual daily sewage treatment capacity of the Plant is 62,500m3/d, and a remaining capacity 17,500m3/d. The disposed water quality can meet the requirements of B standards of Grade I of《Pollutants Emission Standards of Urban and Township Sewage Treatment Plant》(GB18918-2002). The sludge quantity generated from sewage treatment is about 4500t/a, which has all been sent to the Garbage Landfill Site for centralized disposal. After improvement of sewage pipeline network in the proposed project area, the additional 1,500 m3/d sewage will effluent into the Sewage Treatment Plant, which will be still less than the remaining disposable capacity of the STP. Therefore, the existing design capacity of STP can meet the requirements of the project area sewage treatment.
3.11.2.3 Electrical Engineering Works
The power supply network around project area is rationally structured. The project area can be supplied with 110KV voltage power by Zounan Substation, which is located in the south of Zoucheng City, 4km away from its urban center. It was completed and put into operation in 1997 and has two round 110KV power lines. The main trunk lines of power transmission and distribution have been arranged into a network along the main trunk roads to supplement the 35kV lines for meeting the needs of power supply in the proposed project area.
3.11.2.4 Heat Supply Works
The heat source for the project area is from the first phase construction works of Huadian International Zou County Thermal Power Plant. It was put into operation by the end of 2003. At present, it can supply steam heat source 240t/h, with current heat loading capacity of 70t/h, and the surplus of 170t/h. After the completion and improvement of heat supply pipeline network facilities in the project area, 10t/h heat quantity will be added. Therefore, the Thermal Power Plant will have sufficient surplus heat to satisfy the demand for heat supply in the project area.
3.11.2.5 Fuel Gas Planning
According to the Urban Master Plan, the source of fuel gas supply in Zoucheng City is from the West-to-East Natural Gas Transmission Project. The designed annual gas supply capacity is 250 million m3 and the project was formally put into operation in 2008. Its current annual operation capacity is 50 million m3/a. So, the supplus capacity of gas supply can fully meet the needs of the proposed project area.
3.11.2.6 Solid Waste Disposal System
The domestic garbage disposal in project area will rely on Zoucheng City Garbage Landfill, which was built with a total investment of 80 million yuan. It is the largest harmless Garbage Landfill at County level in southwest Shandong, located at Jiawa Village, Yishan Township of Zoucheng City. It was built and put into use in 2007. It is 10 km away from urban area of Zoucheng City, covering an area of 450mu, with the total refilling capacity of 1.7896 million m3. The domestic garbage in Zoucheng will be all buried in landfill harmlessly. For the leachate generated, it adopted compound biological rotating disc + low pressure reverse osmosis membrane technology for disposal. The Landfill has a disposing capacity of 500t/d and a life span of 25 years. The proposed project is within the scope of its services, and garbage generated and dredged sediments can be all disposed properly.
It can be seen from the above analysis that the public infrastructure based by the project area can satify the requirements of the project construction.
4 Environmental Impact Assessment
Infrastructure of this project includes ancient architecture protection and renovation, sewage treatment facilities, garbage collection treatment facilities and visitor center, public toilets, parking, flood control, power supply facilities and etc.As cultural heritage protection,the project has effect at local culture heritage inevitably. To minimize the damage, the project would make a detail analysis about the feasibility and managing plan of cultural relic differentiation and protection.(see chapter 5)
To other aspects, the whole project construction allocated different area, each construction was small job and covered small area, especially garbage collection and sewage disposal engineering itself was environmental protection engineering. Information center is to promote environmental protection and ecological tourism and to propose in harmony with nature theme function. After the completion of the project, it would bring certain environmental benefits and adverse effect less.Therefore, Environmental impact assessment would give a proper analysis during the operation period, in order to ascertain the coordination problem between construction or operation process of project and regional environmental clearly.
4.1 Environmental Impact Assessment during Construction Period
This project has a five-year construction period and involves multiple construction sites which are scattered and cover a wide area. It mainly deals with Confucius & Mencius cultural heritage preservation and infrastructure upgrading of the historic urban areas.As the environmental impact of these two construction periods differ significantly, this assessment will address them respectively. The environmental impact of the construction period involving cultural heritage preservation will be discussed in the Chapter of "Assessment of Cultural Relic Impact".While this assessment mainly deals with the environmental impact of the construction period of the historic urban areas and infrastructure upgrading.
The main construction work contents for upgrading of historic urban areas and infrastructure involve renewal of street blocks, upgrading of urban infrastructure and restoration and rehabilitation of river course etc, including the constructions on land area and water area. The engineering construction will occupy the land and vegetation of the construction sites inevitably, causing the damage of ecological envieronment partially. In addition, duing to the great amount of excavation works in the construction process, construction noise produced by mechanical operation, floating dust from ground, abandoned earth and dregs, it will generate an impact on the surrounding environment.
4.1.1 Assessment of exhaust gas emission and its control measures
4.1.1.1 Exhaust Gas
(1) Dust
Dust pollution caused by the project construction activities generally comes from the following sources:
① Building demolition;
② Earthwork excavation, piling, removal, backfill and site formation processes;
③ Loading and unloading, transport and stack of building materials such as cement, mortar and sand (wind-generated);
④ Operations of agitator trucks and transport vehicles;
⑤ Piling and clearing of construction waste.
Suspended particulates and ground dust arising from housing demolition and transport vehicles within the enclosure are fugitive dust, with the demolition sites as its main sources. The demolition involves bungalows and apartment buildings (usually no more than two stories), which will be mostly dismantled by hand, leaving a relatively small sphere of impact. The dust emission period coincides with the operation time of the demolition. The dust would gradually disappear as the operation is completed. According to field monitoring results of similar projects, the near-surface dust concentration on the demolition site is generally1.5~20 mg / m3, with a sphere of influence approximately 60m, constrained by such factors as wind direction, wind speed and humidity.
However, in the construction process because of earthwork excavation, piling and transport, dust can be generated at high wind speed, resulting in an increase of suspended particulates to give a certain negative impact on the surrounding environment. Foundation excavation, earthwork excavation and backfilling in the construction of roads, pipelines and landscape will generate dust, and so will earthwork transportation and stacking. The scale of dust emissions varies seasonally and under different circumstances of soil types and construction management. In general, the sphere of influence of such dust emissions could be within 60m on both sides of the road for construction.
Construction materials mainly used in the project are brick, gravel, sand, cement and lime. Brick and gravel are not prone to dust generation; Instead of lime powder, this project will mostly use paste-like lime putty, which is high in moisture content and usually does not generate dust pollution; A grain of sand is generally200~2000μm in diameter, so general weather conditions (non-windy weather) are not likely to generate sand dust; Construction waste produced during construction mainly include broken bricks, concrete and other materials, which are high in moisture content and large in size. As long as they are collected and cleared timely, they are not prone to dust emission; The earth to be excavated is generally high in moisture content, so as long as the green area building program is implemented as scheduled, it would not generate dust,unless its surface gets dry due to long-term stacking.
(2) Machinery and equipment exhaust
The time of the demolition phase of the project is short and most demolition activities will be conducted manually and use a small amount of mechanical equipment, thus mechanical exhaust emissions will be small; Although the civil engineering phase of the project depends heavily on construction machinery, most of the machines are electricity-powered, emitting no exhaust fumes. While mechanical exhaust emissions do exist on pile drivers and transport vehicles driven by gasoline or diesel, the relatively short-term use of these instruments will limit the emissions and the high wind speed on the open terrain will also alleviate air pollution, causing less impact on the regional atmospheric environment.
(3) Waste gas produced by decorative materials
During the restsroration of ancient buildings and houses, the necessary decration should be implemented. The installation of water and electricity, wall surface processing, ceiling suspension and decoration, coating laquer and the installation of doors and windows are invloved in the process of decoration. In oder to fulfill the decoration process, materials like plywood, coating, glue water are needed. Since ornamental materials of this kind contain the organic solvents like TVOC (Total Votatile Organic Compound) and formaldehyde which would volatilize partially to the air. Because substances like these are poisonous, the air quality, especially the indoor air quality, would be influenced. As a result, this would do harm to people’s health. Given part of the waste air is emitted in an unorganized way, the exact volume can not be defined.
4.1.1.2 Emission Control Measures
(1) During building demolition, adequate humidification should be applied and proper facilities should be set up to alleviate dust emissions; Vehicles should be equipped with cleaning facilities and transport vehicles will be covered with tarpaulin to reduce dust emissions generated in the process of transport.
(2) Rationalize the construction plan to avoid the rainy season during the excavation, dredging, and site formation stages; To effectively control dust pollution during construction, an enclosing wall at least 3m in height should be set up around the construction site;
(3) The sites of civil engineering and external renovation projects must be fully enclosed with 2000 meshes/ 100cm2 fine mesh safety nets tested and certified by relevant national administrations.
(4) Construction operations should avoid windy weather and bulk construction materials such as cement, gravel and sand must be properly covered. Roads under construction should be water-sprinkled to lessen the generation of dust. It is forbidden to toss building materials and garbage when loading and unloading them;
(5) Concrete used during construction should be ready-mixed concrete products or it must be mixed in an enclosed area equipped with dust prevention and removal devices. It is forbidden to mix concrete, prepare lime soil or slake lime in the open air. The use of finished and semi-finished stone, wood and other materials should be maximized. Fabricated construction should be implemented to reduce dust pollution caused by cutting stone and wood products.
(6) Building material transport vehicles and trash trucks must be covered and reinforced in accordance to with relevant provisions;
(7) High quality fuels should be selected for the construction machinery and transport vehicles. Vehicles whose exhaust emission fail to reach the standard should be denied access to the construction sites.
(8) During the process of cultural heritage protection, demonstration and construction, traditional construction materials such as woods, black bricks, stones, minerals and vegetable pigment would not produce waste air. While during the process of improving historical city proper and infrastructure, waste gas would be produced. The project focuses mainly on the architectural facade retrofit of the buildings within the ancient city proper, so the rebuilding within houses is relatively less than exterior reconstruction. As a consequence, the pollution of organic solvents during the decoration process would have a relatively small impact on the residents. However, because the Primary School of Mengzi will also be involved in moving and rebuilding, the indoor air quality would have a direct influence on students’ and teachers’ physical health, psychological health and sense of comfort. In order to elevate indoor air equality and improve physical and mental health, measures should be taken to prevent indoor air pollution. Concrete measures are like the following:
①Choose woods of high quality
The controlling of waste gas emission during the decoration process should be given priority from the source. Innocuous or low-toxic constructive materials, which has been approved by China Environmental Labeling, should be chosen for decoration. never use materials or laquers which have been sifted out. All of these measures are to decrease the emission intensity of pollutants.
②Proper arrangement of operation and construction
In order to lessen the decorative materials’ influence on indooor air quality, the work of operation and construction ought to be arranged in a proper way. Spray coating can not be too centralized; Do anything possible to appropriately arrange different kinds of pollution sources; Take wind direction into consideration to reduce dilution period and its influence of expansion intensity on the aera downwind.
③increasing indoor ventilation
As for formaldehyde and radioactive substances, frequent ventilation is needed. It is also advisable to make use of active carbon or green plants to enhance the indoor air equality. Increasing the ventilation between outside and inside and strengthening emission can bring indoor harmful gas intensity under control, as well as eliminate the pollution of decorative gas.
According to the environmental impact target demarcation result, The project mainly affects the ancient relics,villages and residents nearby the street blocks,pipeline engineering works, river course. Due to the main construction work contents for upgrading of historical city areas and infrastructure are not ascending in units of cultural relics core protected areas and the scope of protection range,it meets the requirements of cultural relic protection planning and regulations related. If the above-mentioned control measures were rigorously employed, dust and exhaust emissions would be greatly reduced, resulting in a significant alleviation of their impact on the surrounding environment.
4.1.2 Assessment of Wastewater Discharge and Its Control Measures
Most of the wastewater discharged in the construction period includes domestic and construction sewage, in which main pollution factors are COD, NH3-N, and SS.Besides,wastewater from desilting project of Yinli rivercourse and Gupan Pond,would be disposed in urban sewage treatment plant.
At the construction peak in Qufu, around 800 construction workers will be employed. If the average daily water consumption is 35L/person (under the Water Supply and Drainage Design Manual) and the daily discharge of domestic sewage takes 80% of the total water consumption each day, the maximum wastewater discharge will reach to 22.4t/d. At the construction peak in Zoucheng, around 1000 construction workers will be employed. If the average daily water consumption is 35L/person(under the Water Supply and Drainage Design Manual) and the daily discharge of domestic sewage takes 80% of the total water consumption each day, the maximum wastewater discharge will reach to 28t/d. As the construction workers' domestic sewage discharge is relatively scattered, sewage can be disposed by the existing sewage treatment facilities nearby or the sewage treatment plant through the existing municipal wastewater pipe network; If there are no sewage treatment facilities available in the nearest vicinity, mobile and impermeable "dry toilets" can be built to facilitate fecal treatment. Feces processed in the septic tanks would be transported periodically by the farmers in the nearby villages for agricultural use. In addition, domestic garbage and construction waste should be stored in fixed places and cleared timely to minimize the possibilities of eluviation and groundwater pollution.
Construction sewage includes sand and gravel wash water, concrete curing water, and equipment and vehicle wash water etc. It is relatively difficult to quantify the wastewater output. It contains a large amount of sediment and suspended matter (the highest concentration reach to 600mg/L) and a small amount of oil stain, but almost no organic pollutants. Construction machinery and vehicle wash water can be collected by wastewater collection ponds before being recycled (processed after sedimentation and grease disposal) as water for construction use. No wastewater is to be discharged in this process. Sand and gravel wash water and concrete curing wastewater can also be recycled after sedimentation in the ponds. No wastewater is to be discharged in this process.
According to the calculation results of the feasibility report，the existing siltation of wastewater quantity in Gupan Pond is about 4000 m3, the existing siltation of wastewater quantity in Yinli River is about 9000 m3, will be fully discharged into urban sewage treatment plant. The disposing capacity of the sewage treatment plant in Qufu is 40000m3/d, presently disposing 34000m3/d of sewage, remaining disposing scale 6000m3/d. The disposing capacity of the sewage treatment plant in Zoucheng is 80000m3/d, presently disposing 62500m3/d of sewage, remaining disposing scale 17500m3/d. Qufu and Zoucheng sewage treatment plant can satisfy the requirements of wastewater treatment project, the existing siltation of wastewater will be disposed fully.
Should the above-mentioned measures be taken, the impact of the projects in the construction period would have a relatively small impact on the water environment.
4.1.3 Assessment and Control to the Impact of Construction Noise on the Surrounding Environment.
4.1.3.1 Main Noise Sources
The main noise types during the construction period will be mechanical noise generated by various construction projects and traffic noise generated by vehicles transporting construction materials.
The construction process requires a large number of construction machines and transport vehicles, which will generate a certain degree of noise and affect the normal life of the local residents. The sound level values of major high-noise construction machines in the construction are shown in Table 4.1-1.
Table 4.1-1 The noise values of various construction machines Unit: Leq(A)
|The Construction Phase |Sources |sound level/dB ( A) |
|The Earthwork Phase |Bulldozers |100~110 |
| |Excavators |110 |
| |Transport vehicles |95~100 |
|The Structural Phase |Cranes |95 |
| |Concrete delivery trucks |90~100 |
| |Vibrating rods |100～110 |
| |Saws, planers |100 ~ 115 |
| |Welding machines |95 |
|The decoration phase |Electric saws, electric hammers |105 ~ 115 |
| |Multi-functional wood planes |95 ~ 100 |
Table4.1-1 shows that the construction machinery will generate very high noise levels on site. If a variety of machines are to be operated simultaneously, noise levels can be even higher and the range of radiation wider when noise radiations from different sources superimpose with each other.
4.1.3.2 Noise Predictive Model in the Construction Period
As this general construction project requires no special construction machinery, and the noise levels of the construction machinery used in this project are mainly in the middle and low frequency ranges, only their diffusion attenuation is to be measured in the process of predicting the impact of the noise. In this respect, the following prediction model can be used :
[pic] [pic]... ... ... ... ... ... ... (Formula 1)
where: L1, L2are the equivalent A-weighted sound pressure levels dB(A) from the sound sources[pic]、[pic];
[pic]、[pic]are the distances between the reception points and the sound sources,m.
[pic]... ... ... ... ... ... ... (Formula 2)
The superimposed fractional values of the noise levels and background values of the various types of construction equipment meters from the noise sources [pic] are:
(Formula 3)
where: L21,L22... ... L2n are the noise levels of various types of construction equipment dB(A)[pic]meters from the noise sources of the construction equipment;
Lp0 is the background noise value, dB(A).
4.1.3.3 Noise Prediction Results in the Construction Period
The values of the attenuation of the noise generated by construction equipment with distance can be calculated under formula 1 and 2. The results are shown in Table4.1-2.
Table4.1-2 The attenuation of noise levels with distance (dB )
|Distance(m) |1 |10 |50 |
| | | |PM10 |SO2 |NOx |
|Domestic fuel |469.43 |7980310 |0.0022 |11.68 |2.10 |
|Zoucheng |Quantity of |Quantity of |Emission Quantity（t/a） |
| |fuel（t/a） |Lampblack（Nm3/a） | |
| | | |PM10 |SO2 |NOx |
|Domestic fuel |431.65 |7338050 |0.0020 |10.74 |1.93 |
Note: They are all non-organized emission.
2、Lampblack
The lampblack in the project area is mainly concentrated in the kichens. The smoke soot (i.e lampblack) quantity generated is caculated basing upon the experience datas ( which are from 《The Manual of Generation and Emission of Pollutants from Domestic Life of Township of the First National General Survey on Pollution Source 》). The conditions of lampblack generation and emission are seen in Table 4.2-2. After passing through treatment of lampblack purifiers, the concentration level of emission can meet the 《Standard of Lampblack Emission Catering Trade in Shandong Province》（DB37/597—2006）maximum allowable level for the catering business units.
Table 4.2-2 Conditions of Lampblack Generation and Emission
|Project |Quantity of |Concentration |Quantity |Purification |Emission |Emission |Shandong |
|areas |Lampblack |Generated |Generated |Efficency |Concentration |Quantity |Catering |
| | | | | | | |Trade |
| | | | | | | |Lampblack |
| | | | | | | |Emission |
| | | | | | | |Standard |
| |m3/a |mg/m3 |t/a |% |mg/m3 |t/a |mg/Nm3 |
|Qufu |7980310 |10 |0.08 |90 |1 |0.008 |1.5 |
|Zoucheng |7338050 |10 |0.073 |90 |1 |0.0073 | |
3. Tail Gas of Vehicles
After completion of the project, the quantity of mobile vehicles in the project area would increase as the growth of mobile population. If the number of mobile vehicles in Qufu is caculated based on 6000 units/daily (of them, it has 1000 middle size vehicles and 5000 small size one) and that in Zoucheng is caculated basing on 3750 units/daily (of them, it has 625 middle size vehicles and 3125 small size one), and the driving distance of each vehicle is caculated basing on 5km in the project area, then the estimated outcome of tail gas emission of vehicles driving in and out of the project area is as follows:
The annual emission quantity of various pollutants from tail gas of vehicles in Qufu area is CO0.3t/a, and non methane hydrocarbons is 1.0t/a、NOx0.26t/a. The annual emission quantity of various pollutants from tail gas of vehicles in Zoucheng area is CO0.19t/a, and non methane hydrocarbons is 0.63t/a、NOx0.16t/a.
The mesures for the prevention and control of vehicles waste gas emission are adopted mainly as follows:
1) To set up direction board guilding the outside vehicles to park and reducing the idle operation.
2) To conduct afforestation and establish greening belt adjacent to the streets， where exists waste gas emission; choose trees that are able to obsorb the harmful gas particles, such as Chinese scholartree, elm and willows, etc. This could play a role of purifying the waste gas pollution to some extent.
4.2.1.2 Sewage Water
After completing management and control work, the discharged domestic waste water could be collected and sent to the Sewage Plants in Qufu and Zoucheng for treatment. The finally treated and discharged sewage water from these Sewage Plants will be considered to be up to the Grade A of pollutants concentration of 《Emission Standard of Pollutants from Township Sewage Treatment Plant》(GB 18918-2002). Wastewater from Mencius Cemetery and Xishantou Village would be recycled for greening of Mencius Cemetery and irrigation of farmland nearby (or temporarily stored in landscape pool with capacity of 20,000 m3 in winter non-irrigation season).
Table 4.2-3 Sewage Pollutants Emission in the Project Area
|Name |Population No.（People） |Quantity |Concentration of Pollutants |Concentration of Pollutants |
| | |Of |Generated & Generation Quantity |Emission & Emission Quantity |
| | |Sewage（m3/a| | |
| | |） | | |
| | | |COD |Ammonium itrogin |COD |Ammonium Nitrogin |
| | | |Density |Quantity |
| | | |（mg/L） |Generated（t/a） |
|Qufu |Soot dust (t/a) |36.67 |0.0022 |36.6678 |
| |SO2 (t/a) |37.22 |11.68 |25.54 |
| |NOx |33.28 |2.10 |31.18 |
| |Lampblack |0.08 |0.008 |0.072 |
|Zoucheng |Soot dust (t/a) |33.72 |0.0020 |33.718 |
| |SO2 (t/a) |34.22 |10.74 |23.48 |
| |NOx |30.1 |1.93 |28.17 |
| |Lampblack |0.073 |0.0073 |0.0657 |
When all the residents in the project area of Qufu begin to use natural gas, the reduced soot dust emission will reach 36. 6678t/a, SO2 emission 225.54t/a, and NOx emission 31.18t/a; the reduced soot dust emission in the project area of Zoucheng will reach 33.718t/a, SO2 emission 23.48t/a, and NOx emission 28.17t/a. These reductions are conducive to the overall improvement of the air quality in the project area.
Lampblack discharges mainly from kitchens,according to the project analysis, concentration of discharged lampblack after purification would meet the highest requirements of Emission Standard of Cooking Fume " (DB37/597-2006).Lampblack discharges from the restaurant kitchens will have a 85%~90% reduction after purification, and the concentration of emission will be about 1.5mg/m3 and pose a minor impact on the ambient air quality. Profit-making restaurants in the project area should not only fix qualified lampblack purifier,but also make the exhaust funnel 1.5m higher than the fixed building top,according to the requirements of Emission Standard of Cooking Fume " (DB37/597-2006).
(2) Automobile exhaust
According to the project analysis, after completion of the project, as the traffic volume in the area gets increasing, and automobile exhaust emissions will increase, as shown in Table 4.2-5.
Table 4.2-5 Changes in automobile exhaust emissions Unit: t/a
|Region |Items |Current emissions |Emissions after the |Increment |
| | | |change | |
|Qufu |CO |0.19 |0.3 |0.11 |
| |NMHC |0.06 |0.1 |0.04 |
| |NOx |0.16 |0.26 |0.10 |
|Zoucheng |Soot dust |0.12 |0.19 |0.07 |
| |SO2 |0.39 |0.63 |0.24 |
| |NOx |0.10 |0.16 |0.06 |
Automobile exhaust contains mostly CO, NOx, TSP and the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon THC. Although the automobile exhaust emissions in the project area will increase, but total release is relatively small in volume and scattered in place, and they are fugitive emissions which will be discharged intermittently. Moreover, project area locates at plain and scatters at open area, diffusion conditions of air pollutants are good enough that construction would not have impact on the environment of project area.
There is a car park which allocated southwest Xishantou village, surrounding Mencius Cemetary. During the peak time of tourism season, vehicle exhaust gas would affect the village. By considering the number of tourists, although the automobile exhaust emissions will increase, but total release is relatively small in volume and scatters in place. Moreover they are fugitive emissions which will be discharged intermittently,the park would have little effect on the village due to its location is not at upwind of the leading wind (SSE) at west hill village.
In addition, landscape engineering projects will be carried out around the project area. Massive green areas will not only improve the landscape and conserve water, but also purify the air through photosynthesis and dust absorption functions,the quality of local air environment would be improved.
(3) Water Treatment
There was no connection between Ming dynasty city moat and ancient PanChi to external water. PanChi area have been radically reduced to one-tenth of original size due to the longstanding issue of siltation inner city construction, especially serious occupation with rubbish dump spread. It became no source of a pool.
In recent years, due to lack of centralized disposal of living garbage on both sides of Yingli River and dumpage of garbage at will, the whole river was blocked. Moreover, sewage collection tube is not perfect and domestic sewage is drained at will, the river’s original drainage capability is decreasing. As a result, it had become a truly sewage, flood safety and surrounding environment were also destoryed.
Three waterbody mentioned above would be managed during the project construction. Firstly, the river course and pond woud be cleaned up, then the surrounding environment would be improved by leading Sishui River into Ming dynasty city moat and ancient PanChi pool and West Reed reservoir water into Yinli river,so the backwater would become running water and water environment would be improved better. Meanwhile, the domestic garbage and sewage would be prohibitted to discharge into the water by setting up reasonable garbage collection transportation system, public toilets and sewerage pipe system.
Water treatment project of Qufu Ming dynasty city moat, ancient PanChi and Zoucheng Yinlin River will eliminate influence of stench of contaminated water out the surrounding affected residents and improve the local environmental air quality.
The construction of the proposed project is conducive to the auxiliary infrastructure construction projects in the local areas and to the promotion of liquefied petroleum gas (a substitute of the honeycomb briquettes used at present) among the local residents. Air pollutants will be further reduced and the atmospheric environment will be further improved; Most of the project sites are scattered in a vast plain area, which makes air pollutants such as fume and automobile exhaust easy to disperse and poses minor impact on the project area. Pollutant emissions resulted from coal-burning will be reduced due to the adoption of the central heating system, which will improve the local air quality.
4.2.2.2 Surface water environmental impact assessment
Upon the completion of the project, the domestic sewage will be collected for centralized treatment to maximize the possibilities of recycling, instead of being directly discharged. The Sihe River will be dammed up and diverted into the moat of the ancient city of the Ming dynasty, before being diverted into Gupanchi (Ancient Panchi Pool). It is expected that the water quality of the moat and Gupanchi will improve. The water in the Xiwei Reservoir will be diverted into Zoucheng's Yinli River to improve the water quality.
(1)Centralized processing of domestic sewage
When the water supply and sewerage works as well as the sewage treatment facilities of this project are in operation, 50% of the directly discharged wastewater will be effectively collected and sent to the wastewater treatment plants through the pipe network for further treatment until it meets the discharge standards. These facilities can improve the present situations of sewage collection, treatment and discharge in the project area and will play a positive role in improving the regional environment and achieving a sustainable development.
Instead of discharging wastewater (with a COD concentration of 350mg/L and ammonia nitrogen concentration35mg/L) directly in the project area, it will be collected and sent to wastewater treatment plants before being discharged (with a COD concentration of 60mg/L and ammonia nitrogen concentration of 5mg/L). The volume of the reduced pollutants to be discharged is shown in Table 4.2-6.
Table 4.2-6 Discharge of water pollutants
|Region |Items |Current emissions |Emissions after the |Decrement |
| | | |change | |
|Qufu |CODcr （t/a） |74.2 |25.6 |48.6 |
| |Ammonia nitrogen（t/a） |7.3 |2.2 |5.1 |
|Zoucheng |CODcr （t/a） |49.7 |13.7 |36 |
| |Ammonia nitrogen（t/a） |4.9 |1.2 |3.7 |
The designed effluent standards of the wastewater treatment plants in Qufu and Zoucheng not only meet the Type I-A standard stipulated in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002) , but also meet the compulsory standards for general protected areas stipulated in Comprehensive Discharge Standard of Pollutants along the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in Shandong Province (Local Standard of Shandong Province DB37/599-2006).The wastewater treatment facilities and discharging water can be seen in Table4.2-7.
Table4.2-7 The Wastewater Treatment Tacilities and Discharging Water
|Region |The effluent |Discharge |Discharging water |Waterbody function |
| |standard |Standard | | |
|Qufu |Type I-A |Type I-A |Yin River |Ⅳ |
|Zoucheng |Type I-A |Type I-A |Dasha River |Ⅳ |
Notes: Type I-A standard stipulated in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002)
The increasing discharged wastewater from two treatment plants will cause some impact on the water quality of the river, but taking into account the relatively small proportion of the wastewater discharges in the project area in the total displacement of the wastewater treatment plants in Qufu and Zoucheng,the volume of wastewater from the project don’t exceed the designed standards of two wastewater treatment plants,the impact of project on the water bodies will be low in general.
(2) Diversion Project
Water from Sihe River will be diverted into the moat, and then to Gupanchi (Ancient Panchi Pool).Routine monitoring data in the recent three years demonstrate that the water quality of Sihe River is good, and can meet the Category IV requirement in the surface water environmental function zone categories. Furthermore, the water in the moat and the Ancient Panchi Pool is for recreational use. It is sufficient for such water to meet the Category V requirement. Therefore, the water quality of the Sihe River can meet the requirements of the water use in the moat and the Ancient Panchi Pool. At present, there are still direct wastewater discharges into the moat and the Ancient Panchi Pool, resulting in a deteriorated water quality in these areas. Upon the completion of the project, no wastewater will be directly discharged into the moat and the Ancient Panchi Pool, and the water diverted from the Sihe River will significantly improve water quality of these areas.
Zoucheng reservoir water diversion project from west reeds into because of the river, It is learned that west reed reservoir water quality can achieve water quality Ⅳ class. It is required to achieve V class according to minimum requirement of being source of landscape of Yingli Reiver. Therefore, it has met the requirement and upon the completion of project, there would be no longer any waste water or living garbage into. The water quality of river will be significantly improved.
(3)Other items
After the domestic garbage in the rivers is cleaned up, the concentration of the suspended solids will be lower than what it is now, and the turbidity of the river will be reduced as well. The local water quality and water environment will be effectively improved and an ecologically friendly landscape will be created with bridges and plants decorating the waters.
Upon completion of bank slope protection facilities, they will stabilize the river cross-section and the main channel, making the flow surface level, the water flowing smoothly, and the river potential and flow pattern stabilized; Under the effect of slope protection facilities, the river banks will not collapse into the river and will help control the regional soil erosion and protect the river water quality.
4.2.2.3 Groundwater environmental impact assessment
Wastewater discharged in the proposed project area at present is mostly domestic sewage, which is discharged directly without being processed. Long-term accumulation of garbage and silt on both sides of the rivers will cause infiltration, which will in turn lead to the pollution of shallow groundwater. The river training works in the proposed project will remove the garbage and sediment in the river and to reduce their accumulation and infiltration. It will have a positive benefit for the environment. This assessment also shows that there are two main sources of groundwater pollution in the project area: the first is wastewater, which would infiltrate the groundwater in the process of collection, treatment, reuse, and discharge; the second is reclaimed water after advanced treatment, used for green belt sprinkling. The infiltration of reclaimed water would also have an impact on the groundwater. A more detailed analysis is as follows:
(1) Impact of wastewater infiltration on groundwater quality
All of the domestic sewage collection and discharge in the project area will go through anti-seepage pipelines to avoid possible direct contact with the ground surface. Thus the sewage will not enter the groundwater through the hydraulic links between the surface water and groundwater and pose an impact on the groundwater quality. In addition, the quality of the wastewater discharged from the wastewater treatment plants in the project area is good enough to meet the III class of the surface water environmental function zoning requirements stipulated in the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002). Even if very small amount of wastewater could enter the groundwater, it would have little impact on the groundwater quality in the area and will not change the current situation of groundwater use.
(2) Impact of infusion and percolation of domestic garbage leachate on the groundwater quality
Inappropriate management of the refuse transfer stations in the project area may produce leachate. Inappropriate anti-seepage measures may cause leachate infiltration into the groundwater and lead to groundwater pollution. Therefore, the refuse transfer stations should be properly managed to control garbage leachate and good anti-seepage measures should be taken as well. Leachate can be piped to the wastewater treatment plants (stations) for treatment to prevent waste leachate from polluting the groundwater.
Therefore,after centralized treatment, the domestic wastewater in the proposed project area will be piped into the urban wastewater treatment plants. Under the premise of proper anti-seepage measures, such as high-quality sewage pipes and networks, the groundwater in the surrounding areas will not be affected. The river training works in the proposed project area will remove the garbage and sediment in the rivers and control the groundwater pollution along the banks caused by wastewater infiltration. The project will have a positive benefit for the environment. In the process of wastewater infiltration, the pollutants will be blocked, absorbed and degraded by the soil and the concentration of these pollutants will be further reduced. Even if very small amount of wastewater could enter the groundwater, it would have little impact on the groundwater quality in the area and will not change the current situation of groundwater use. The refuse transfer stations should try their best to avoid the generation of leachate. Strict anti-seepage measures should also be taken. The small amount of leachate generated there can be collected and piped to the wastewater treatment plants (stations) for further treatment to ensure that no impact will be posed on the groundwater.
In summary, the construction of the proposed project will pose little impact on the water environment in the project area, and the construction of the river training works will have a positive benefit for the environment.
4.2.2.4 Noise environmental impact assessment
The factors posing impact on the sound environment in the operation period of the project are mainly traffic noise, noise from recreational venues and noise generated from other human activities. Generally speaking, such impact is not generated from the project itself. After the implementation of reasonable development plan in the project area, comprehensive noise reduction measures (such as proper placement of noise-generating, sound insulation, and vibration reduction devices) will be taken and noise generated from entertainment and business operations will be controlled with such measures as prescribing operation time, strictly limiting the volume of audio-visual equipment and operation personnel. These measures will significantly mitigate the negative impact on the sound environment.
(1)Impact assessment of noise of social activities
Noise of social activities refers to that generated from equipment and facilities used in commercial cultural and recreational venues as well as business activities. Public recreational venues (including those in the hotels, movie theaters, opera houses, video halls, concert halls, dance halls, game arcades, and music teahouses) are one of the major sources of noise. As a vital part of urban environmental noise pollution, such noise not only poses impact on the people in these venues, but also interferes with the residents in the neighborhood.
To control the noise of social activities, recreational venues should be built under stringent design requirements, public supervision mechanisms should be established, management regulations should be formulated, the principle of "creating a district-based departmental interaction system" and "those who are in charge should also be responsible" should be implemented and priorities should be identified as major and minor issues are taken into consideration. Not until can these measures are sufficiently taken, effective prevention of noise of social activities can be achieved, the quality of urban sound environment can be improved, and a comfortable environment of work, live, study and travel for both local residents and visitors can be built.
(2)Traffic noise impact assessment of the project area
Upon the operation of this project, road traffic will increase with the increase of floating population and management personnel. As a result, the increased traffic noise will pose a certain amount of impact on the residents living near the roads.
The forecast of the road traffic noise impact on the project is made with the road traffic noise forecast models. The formula is as follows:
(LAeq)I=Lwi+10lg(Qi/ViT)+Klg(7.5/r)1+a+△S-13
where: Lwi—average radiation sound level when Model ivehicle running 7.5m from the road center, dB;
Qi—daytime or nighttime average hourly traffic volume of Modeli vehicle, V / h;
Vi—running speed of Model i vehicle, km / h;
T —prediction time of LAeq;
r —distance of the prediction point to the road center, m;
K —modified coefficient of the traffic density, by line-point sound source, take10~20;
a —attenuation factor of ground absorption;
△S —additional attenuation, including the nature of road surface, slope and barrier effects.
Table 4.2-8 shows the average radiation sound level and traffic volume of various models of vehicles.
Table 4.2-8 Average radiation sound level and road traffic of various models of vehicles
|Models |Small-sized |Medium-sized |Full-sized |
|60km/h Average sound power level (dB) |74.4 |77.6 |82 |
|Traffic volume forecast (V/h) |1400 |100 |60 |
The contribution values of different distances are shown in Table 4.2-9.
Table 4.2-9 Forecast results of urban road traffic noise
|Distances from urban |0 |20 |40 |60 |
|roads (m) | | | | |
|Qufu |Before |3595 |2157 |1438 |
| |After |4685 |4685 |0 |
| |Increase or decrease in |1090 |2528 |-1 438 |
| |volume | | | |
|Zoucheng |Before |2272 |1363 |909 |
| |After |2907 |2907 |0 |
| |Increase or decrease in |635 |1544 |-909 |
| |volume | | | |
(2) Solid waste environmental impact assessment
The solid waste in the operation period of the proposed project is mainly domestic garbage, including waste paper, waste plastic, scrap metal, fruit peel and dish leftovers.
Urban domestic garbage is a major component of urban solid waste, characterized by its wide distribution, large production and complex ingredients. Upon the operation of the project, domestic garbage will be bagged and collected in a unified way by the sanitation departments. Garbage will be collected and transported on the day it is generated. Classification of garbage collection will be implemented in the project area. Garbage bins for classification will be set under every residential building and at crowded places. Domestic garbage will be collected separately after being classified according to the requirements of the sanitation departments before being recycled or transported for further treatment.
Some domestic garbage in the project area will be transported to the municipal solid waste landfill. The garbage transfer stations built or being relied on in the construction project should take effective measures of dust and odor reduction and fly disinfestation and these facilities should be well maintained; Make sure that the garbage should be transferred promptly without being accumulated in the facilities; Garbage should be securely sealed in the process of the transport and make sure that no garbage should be dropped or left on the vehicles. After taking such measures, the solid waste transfer stations will pose little impact on the residents in the project area.
With the above-mentioned measures, the domestic garbage generated in the project area can be effectively treated and the impact of solid waste on the water environment will be reduced.
(3)Rational analysis of waste disposal site selection
Under the planning requirements of this project, a refuse transfer station will be built at Xishantou village, close to the cemetery of the Mencius family. It belongs to land for construction use where a precast factory is running at present. The site selection meets the land use planning requirements. In addition, the site should be located under the dominant wind direction and at a place low in altitude. This can effectively reduce the impact of the refuse transfer station on the atmosphere. As the current site is located between the cemetery of the Mencius family and the middle of Xishantou village, it will facilitate garbage collection after the completion of the project. In addition, the construction site of the project is close to the main road of the village, which is conducive to garbage transfer to the urban garbage treatment sites. Therefore, the location of the proposed refuse transfer station is reasonable.
4.3 Ecological impact analysis
4.3.1 Range of ecological impact
The range of ecological environment impact assessment is the the scope of sites of Shandong Province Confucius and Mencius cultural heritage protection construction project, the total area is 1319.7hm2. According to the locations of the project, the ecological impact scope of the construction area includes Qufu and Zoucheng two project areas. Qufu project area is divided into four regions:Mount Ni, Confucius Cemetery, Lu Historic City, river restoration areas; Zoucheng project area is divided into three regions: Mencius Cemetery, Zoucheng Historic City, river restoration areas,a total of seven regions .
4.3.2 Ecological impact analysis of construction
4.3.2.1 The impact of Lu Historic City and Zoucheng Historic City project construction on urban ecological
(1)The impact on urban landscape
If construction mode is unreasonable, it may have damaging effects on ancient buildings, stone inscription and monument protection, building block during the maintenance and repair of ancient buildings, stone inscription and monument protection, building block renovation and reconstruction; During the construction period, if the construction operations are concentrated, the visitors mey have some visual discomfort either from the overall landscape or monomer landscape.
(2) The impact on old tree and famous wood species
The growth of old trees is affected by their own factors, environmental factors, human factors, pest and disease factors, natural disaster and other factors.If Lu Historic City and Zoucheng Historic City project construction take unreasonable protection measures against old tree and famous wood species,it will exacerbate the negative growth of their environment.
4.3.2.2 The impact of Mount Ni, Confucius Cemetery and Mencius Cemetery project construction on ecological
The construction of Mount Ni, Confucius Cemetery and Mencius Cemetery project have an impact on the ancient building itself, old trees and famous wood species and surrounded forest communities .
Vegetation in new construction area within the project will be removed.The soil within an area will be post-hardening after the laying of the foundation.It is impossible to restore vegetation in situ. Vegetation cover has decreased to some extent of area in a small area of the new construction project.
4.3.2.3 The impact of river restoration areas project construction on ecology
The impact of river restoration areas project construction on ecological environment mainly reflected in the landscape. New occupied farmland will lose new agricultural biomass 23.93t (by occupied farmland 1.1hm2, 21.75t/hm2 biomass per unit area).
During the process of construction, a large number of soil, rock removal will cause some soil erosion. New excavation surface of Qufu river restoration areas will suffer varying degrees of damage, local landscape will undergo great changes.If soil conservation measures are not taken, the total soil erosion within the construction period accounted of 35t.Soil erosion easily causes varying degrees of harm on regional ecological environment, water quality, etc.,
4.3.3 Ecological impact analysis of operation period
4.3.3.1 Analysis of impact on ecosystems
The impact of Shandong Province Confucius and Mencius cultural heritage protection construction project on all types of ecosystems mainly reflected in: The function of architecture ecosystem is to be strengthened because of the protection of ancient buildings and street repairs;The artificial green space ecosystem and water ecosystem has expanded because of the construction of river restoration and landscaping green; Forest ecosystems remain basically unchanged; The new farmland and excavation sites in Qufu river restoration areas lead to a slight decrease in farmland ecosystem.
4.3.3.2 Analysis of impact on land use
The construction of the project will not change the overall land use pattern.Forest land, construction land, roads and others basicly remain unchaged. Artificial greenbelt and waters will increase, and farmland will be reduced. But compared to the evaluation area, the above amplitude changes to classes are very small.
4.3.3.3 Analysis of impact on vegetation and biomass
Except that Qufu river restoration areas new excavation sites occupy a small amount of farmland and Meng Lin forest conservation road damage a small amount of vegetation of the Shandong province confucius and mencius cultural heritage protection construction project,other projects do not take vegetation basicly, and implement protection of the ancient famous trees, so the project as a whole has little effect on vegetation.
4.3.3.4 Analysis of impact on landscape
After the evaluation area construction is completed, visitors flow and tourism activities increase will to some extent affect the landscape. However, the construction project can promote the cultural relics ontology protection and technology. Meanwhile, the urban landscape have more three-dimensional effect and much more space variation forming the classical urban landscape making the landscape heterogeneity of project even more richer.
4.3.3.5 Analysis of impact on river channels
River restoration projects may involve part of the aquatic environment.Due to river there is no rare aquatic life distribution, its original environment is interrupted after the human disturbance by varying degrees.There are less aquatic organisms which urgent need for renovation and repair. The project construction period is short, regulation and restoration project of rivers or reservoirs are small-scale , and basicly the ecological way is used for construction. The construction project will not involve an impact on aquatic organisms.
4.3.3.6 Cultural relics impact analysis
Evaluation zone has many cultural relics, mainly distributed in lu and zoucheng ancient city, etc. In order to attract more tourists to visit, shandong Confucius cultural heritage protection construction project of cultural relics related facilities reformation and construction, this project may cause the destruction of cultural relics directly or indirectly. This project is the protection and restoration for the historic cultural relics and buildings ，which is helpful for the protection of cultural relics.
4.3.4 Ecological Protection Measures
4.3.4.1 Preventive Measures of Exotic Species
To the affect of exotic species, Preventive measures should be stressed, we should establish the conception of food safety and ecological security, perfect the methods of quarantining and recognizing introduction species, enhancesupervisory control and management of exotic species induing and build up the information bank and early warning system of exotic species.Besides,we should establish consciousness of preventing the biological invasion,change the conception of exotic tree and grass species be better than the native species,make full use of the native species to revegetation,regenerating the original natural vegetation.
4.3.4.2 Protection Measures of Biodiversity
When the construction of revegetation encounter the habitat or breeding places of animals or birds, a distance should be kept.Encountering rare species, in situ protection should be adopted,disturbing its living environment is forbidden,not to mention hunting.In order to protect the specific species,forbiding human disturbing or cultivating at its habitat and round enclosing measure should be adopted.
4.3.4.3 Water and Soil Conservation Measures
To the areas where water and soil erosion happens easily,such as the newly excavation area in the riverway by diversion works,combination of engineering measures and biological measures should be used to prevent water and soil erosion.
As follows,Engineering measures includes:
(1) The project at newly excavation area should avoid large earthworks and reduce disturbing to the relief by making full use of physical relief.The main roads and building materials piling area where the vehicles usually go in and out should be indurated to prevent environment destruction by raised dust or water and soil erosion.
(2) Walls Blocking Soil
At the newly excavation area in the riverway by diversion works,there will be soils and rocks piling up temporarily.While,it will become the source of water and soil erosion under the gravity when meeting thunderstorm.In order to block soils and rocks which abandoned temporarily during construction,walls by 1.5～2m high should be built up at the periphery of the area disturbed greatly by construction.
(3)Construction Organisation
Careful organisation is necessary during construction for reducing the volume of water and soil erosion.We should take thorough argumentation to the design plan of road construction and the dig plan of earth and stone,a better plan which causing less volume of water and soil will be choosen.Fully-enclosed management will be adopted at the construction area,and construction workers will be asked to construct civilised,greening and beautify the construction evironment.
Biological Measures includes:
Greening should be enhanced for increasing forest coverage rate.the land which is not used for construction should be arranged for greening at beginning of construction at the newly excavation area where partly is about to constructed.Besides ornamental effect,plants choosn for greening should have the function of water and soil conservation.
4.3.4.4 Protection during Construction
In order to decrease the destroy of landscape and vegetation caused by construction workers,a note boards should be installed on the constructing field indicating the area under construction,forbidding construction workers going to the area not under construction.
To the field occupied by construction temparily, cultivated mellow soil on the surface which have been put aside should be leveled again to recovering the original surface,when complete construction.A revegetation plan should be made to the bed mud piled up,if greening the mud in time,it not only prevent water and soil erosion by winds and rains,but also in favor of vegetation growth,environment protection and avoiding riverway silting-up.
During the construction,publicity and education of ecological protection to construction workers and local residents should be intensified,so that it can alleviate the affect of construction to land animals and plants.According the different conditions of construction,we should use advanced technology and methods to controll or reduce the affects and destroy to the landscape and local vegetation caused by excavation works.
4.4Social impact analysis
The content of Social environmental impact analysis is mainly from《Social assessment report of Shandong Province protect the confucius and mencius cultural heritage of the World Bank Loan Project 》worked by Shandong Province construction and development institute . Social environmental impact analysis of the project proposed is designed to distinguish between the positive and negative social impact, to avoid negative social impacts to the maximum,to play the social benefits of projects.
4.4.1the positive social impact
1.Projects construction is in line with national policies and regulations and general planning requirements promoting the Chinese traditional culture to further,strengthening the protection of historical heritage, and promote Shandong Province turn into a large economic and cultural construction province,promoting the province and the country's cultural development and prosperity. The project's construction and operation after completed will make a unique contribution to the the diversity of the world intangible cultural heritage.
2. Through the restoration and protection of cultural relics, passing on the carrier of the Confucius and Mencius culture to the younger generations leaving a valuable material and spiritual wealth for future generations.
As the living fossil of historical process, cultural relics is the witness of history. Relics archaeologyresearch helps us understand the history of human development, help to improve the level of visual impact, help to enrich the cultural life, thereby promot the development and utilization of resources.Cultural resources are of scientific research, education and other important values.
3. Promote the sustainable development of local tourism resources and increase tourism revenue
Qufu City projects will help raise the level of cultural protection and development playing an active role to update and enhanc the image of old city. The overall level improvement will greatly enhance the appeal of Qufu as the hometown of saint Confucius,especially serve as a model for future development of city districts, thus promot the development of tourism.
Zoucheng construction projects promote the protection of three Meng cultural heritages,enhancing the image and environment of the ancient city historic district, and making it different from attractive pletion of the project will help to promote integrated development of tourism in Zoucheng and Qufu .
4. The transformation of the ancient city infrastructure and the neighborhood reconstruction demonstration improve the urban environment and urban infrastructure,further enhance the city's service function and the quality of urban construction which has a major role in improving the living environment and promoteing social security and stability.
5. Through community participation during the project peration, local communities can effectively add to the project operation and routine maintenance in an effort to increase the income of local communities.
6. Community training subprojects can help local residents improve tourism services, preserve the tradition of craftsmanship, which provides visitors with a better, more comprehensive and human services.
7. Project improvements will promote the project cities to improve revenue, increase employment opportunities for local residents, greatly increase the income of local residents.
8. Meet the aspirations of the descendants of Confucius and Mencius,and lay a good foundation for them to inherit and carry forward the Confucian way of Confucius and Mencius.
9. The evaluation team found that the daily life of residents are closely related to the pollution of Gupan pool and take Yinliriver. Readily dumping and indiscriminate discharge of sewage made the Gupan pool and take Yinliriver a waste storage tank and sewage river. The follow-up management of the Gupan pool and take Yinliriver control project will greatly improve the status of the two rivers, improve the bad habits of residents in nearby communities to improve their quality of life.
4.4.2the negative social impact
1. The project area is mainly located in the old town, bringing a large amount land acquisition and housing demolition .This will temporarily have a greater negative impac on the normal life of immigrants.
2. Implementation of this project is to reconstruct and repair street area houses and shops of better structure, according to the style of historical building facades.In the process of reconstruction and renovation, adverse effects on residents are:
(1) Change the original appearance and form of housing.Residents are not suited to the layout of housing within a period of time,so there will be some comments;
(2) Construction process has an impact on residents daily life and shop operators which temporarily reduces their revenue.
3.The project has many subprojects, and the construction period is long. In the construction period it will produce the following adverse effects
(1) Dust and sewage generated during construction will have an impact on the surrounding environment, and hinder the daily life of the masses;
(2) Noise generated during construction will affect the residents of the normal work and life and rest.
（3）Temporary road occupation during construction cause inconvenience to residents of the trip;
（4）Construction technology and technical limitations may have some negative impact on conservation.
4. The protection of ancient city, especially the implementation of the ancient city protection manual, will affect the the free development of local communities.Should not properly handled, it will be negative for the local community social .
However, Qufu and Zoucheng has been finished the ancient city protection plan, clearing the importance of protecting cultural heritage from the government to the public, encouraging the protection of existing cultural heritage, promoting the the project cities to upgrade and transform to the history city to ensure that new urban development keeps in step with the existing cultural heritage protection agreement in value.Therefore, the protection plan emphasize that all new construction or maintenance work not to jeopardize the cultural values, and provide the initial proposal for the right government and the building owners for the history of the city's upgrade request to avoid unnecessary conflicts. If we can successfully address the conflict between conservation and development, the ancient city protection manual importance will be highlighted to avoid a negative impact on the public.
5. As the project involves an extensive range, population differentiation is also more serious, operation of the project may adversely affect the fair benefit of the project different stakeholders.
(1) Immigrants. We believe that permanent relocation problem is is an important factor leading to the fair benefit of community residents. When people are forced to permanent migration, the existing production system will be destroyed, livelihoods changed, and not directly enjoy the social benefits caused by the project.
(2) The manner and extent of community participation in project construction and operation is different. Varying quality of cultural community cadres lead to the differences of the manner and extent of community participation in project construction and operation. Differences in business model result in community benefit from injustice.
(3) Cultural differences in the quality of community residents result in differences in tourism revenue. Construction of the project will inevitably lead to the development of tourism.Tourism development has brought a large number of employment opportunities often occupied by those who are high-quality in external tourist areas. Community residents because of low cultural quality can not provide high-level and retaliatory service, this will cause differences in tourism revenues.
(4) Poor low-paying ability. Because of low income, the poor can not afford to the cost of entering the "three Kong" or "three Meng," can not browser the Confucian culture display system through the Web, so can not enjoy the same benefits as the higher income people .
In summary, the clear analysis of the positive and negative social impact of the project implementation is very necessary for the successful implementation. Throughout the social impact of the project implementation, positive impact is far greater than the negative impact. In project design, we should avoid the negative impact of the project as far as possible and give full play to the project's social benefits.
4.5Analysis of total control
Country's "total control" is in fact regional, that is, when the increase of in local pollutant emissions is inevitable, the same industry or regional emissions should be reducted, the sources of pollutants within the region emission load should be controlled in a certain amount, so that the environmental quality of the pollutants’ receiving water ,air and so on can reach the required target.
According to "the notice of the" Eleventh Five-Year "Plan of major pollutants emission control and environmental protection key projects issued by Shandong Province," Shandong Province mainly implement total amount control on two kinds of pollutants during "Eleventh Five-Year" period. Specific for SO2 in the exhaust and COD in the wastewater.
After completion, the living fuel of people in the project area are mainly depended on liquefied petroleum gas-based fuel, supplemented by briquette ,they are all clean energy, without considering the total pollutant emission control; in the project area there is no industrial enterprises discharge waste water, the waste water is mainly from the direct discharge of residents, management staff and mobile staff .It is predicted that after project is completed, the regional COD emissions is 39.3t / a (where Qufu 25.6t / a; Zoucheng 13.7t / a); sulfur dioxide emissions is22.42t / a (where Qufu 11.68t / a; Zoucheng 10.74t / a).
According to the notice of Qufu City, Shandong Province, Jining City People's Government on the issuance of "the total discharge of major pollutants control plan in "Qufu City," during " Eleventh Five-Year"," (Qu Zheng Ban Fa [2006] No. 64), the project wastewater discharge into the sewage treatment plant of Qufu City, the required COD aggregates occupated the urban sewage treatment plant indicators. Accordance with the file of "The apply of Qufu City People's Government issued a Sewage Treatment Plant on the total amount of emissions targets" (Song G [2007] 9), the CODcr aggregates of Wastewater Treatment Plant is 500 tons / year in Qufu City during " Eleventh Five-Year". Currently, the existing municipal wastewater treatment plant CODcr emissions is 350 tons, plus the new emissions 25.6 tons after the operation of the project , 375.6 tons taken together, can meet the request of urban sewage treatment plants to the "Eleventh Five-Year" CODcr aggregates of 500 tons .
According to the notice of Jining City, Shandong Province People's Government on the issuance of "the total discharge of major pollutants control plan in "Zoucheng" during " Eleventh Five-Year"" (Zou Zheng Ban Fa [2006] 68), the project wastewater discharge into the sewage treatment plant of Zou Zheng, the required COD aggregates occupated the urban sewage treatment plant indicators. Accordance with the file of "The apply of Zou Zheng People's Government issued a Sewage Treatment Plant on the total amount of emissions targets" (Song G [2007] 9), the CODcr aggregates of Wastewater Treatment Plant is 550 tons / year in Zou Zheng during " Eleventh Five-Year". Currently, the existing municipal wastewater treatment plant CODcr emissions is 420 tons, plus the new emissions 13.7 tons after the operation of the project , 433.7 tons taken together, can meet the request of urban sewage treatment plants to the "Eleventh Five-Year" CODcr aggregates of 500 tons .
4.6 Environmental Protection Investment Estimate
Environmental protection investment estimate of the project is shown in Table 4.6-1.
Table 4.6-1 List of environmental protection investment of this project
|No. |Projects |Costs(10000 yuan) |
|One, the pollution control investment of construction |
|1 |Solid waste disposal |234 |
|2 |Noise reduction measures of temporary sound barrier |28 |
|3 |Isolation facilities such as walls and dense mesh |56 |
|Two, the pollution control investment of operation |
|1 |Drainage system |1036.8 |
|2 |Sewage treatment plant and sewage collection pipe network (including |1410.5 |
| |toilets) | |
|3 |Logical restoration and landscape planting project |987 |
|4 |Solid waste collection and transfer system |389.6 |
|5 |Purifying measures |240 |
|6 |Monitoring equipment (based on the local environment monitoring station, |0 |
| |not new equipment) | |
|Total |4381.9 |
|Accounting for the proportion of total investment (%) |4.9 |
The project environmental investment is 43,819,000 yuan, accounting for 4.9% of total investment, the above investment in the current have been included in the total investment feasibility study report. The relying on public works projects have been completed as part of urban infrastructure,so the environmental protection investment in this report are no longer as a single list.
4.7 Inventory and Environmental impact analysis and mitigation measures
Inventory and Environmental impact analysis and mitigation measures statistics is shown in Table 4.7-1.
Table4.7-1 Inventory and Environmental impact analysis and mitigation measures statistics list
A1、Confucius cultural heritage protection A2、Ming imperial city cultural heritage protection and show
|Serial number |Sub-programs |Primary environmental impact analysis |Primary mitigation measures |Performer |Responsible |
| |names | | | |organization |
|1 |Maintenance and |Construction period:To transform the repair project, the|Construction materials should be compacted and then be covered, so |construction period |Qufu cultural relics |
| |repair of ancient |emphasis is manual work.Wood, brick, stone, minerals and|less land occupied and does not easily cause the loss because of the |：contractor |tourist administration |
| |buildings;Protection |plant pigments and other traditional materials are |rainfall, shorten the exposure time as short as possible to reduce the| |、Qufu project office |
| |of traditional |used.Traditional technology repair is also used, |dust. |Operation | |
| |road;The garden |construction is limited to the construction site, the | |period：Qufu | |
| |restoration;compound |project small. | |cultural relics | |
| |recovery; | |During the construction work, reduce the disturbance of surface area |tourist | |
| | | |through rational planning, orderly stacking materials and solid waste |administration | |
| | | |; maintenance and repair of wooden structure ancient buildings are | | |
| | |Waste gas consists of construction dust, odor of oil |cleaned by regularly cleaning dust, road and wall construction sites | | |
| | |decorative painting and a small amount of mechanical |and transportation routes are regular watered and dust controlled to | | |
| | |facilities exhaust. |reduce dust emissions. Oil painting for decoration all use natural | | |
| | | |mineral and plant pigments, distributing by no organization, spreading| | |
| | | |rapidly. Minimize the use of mechanical facilities, reduce mechanical | | |
| | | |exhaust. | | |
| | |Ancient wooden structure there is no construction | | | |
| | |wastewater; road and wall construction process produces | | | |
| | |a small amount of construction waste; oil decorative |Waste generated by pavement and wall construction are all back to use | | |
| | |painting uses very little water and will not produce |after the simple sedimentation tank, the domestic sewage collection | | |
| | |wastewater, domestic wastewater of construction workers |based on the public toilets. | | |
| | |rely on the heritage units of public toilets. | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | |More human work, mainly daytime construction, less |Low-noise equipment and machinery are used, or minimize the use of | | |
| | |mechanical noise sources, and is the occasional noise |construction machinery to reduce the mechanical noise. The | | |
| | |source. |construction site is within 300m of residential,construction work | | |
| | | |producing noise should cease from 22:00 to 06:00. | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |Building materials should be reused as far as possible and be unified | | |
| | |Solid waste are main from construction waste and |with garbage collection taken municipal solid waste landfill to be | | |
| | |construction workers domestic wastes ,construction |delt with. | | |
| | |materials is appropriate to the use and less waste, | | | |
| | |waste that can not be reused can be unified with the | | | |
| | |solid waste sent to landfill treatment. |After construction, we should clean up the temporary covering, remove | | |
| | | |the temporary buildings and equipment, loose soil become compact after| | |
| | | |being compacted, fill the depression with casing and timely green; | | |
| | |Project itself is the ancient artifacts, and is the |adhere to the principle"original design, raw materials, the original | | |
| | |world's cultural heritage or key cultural relics |process" of repairing and protecting cultural relics, the original | | |
| | |protection unit, improper maintenance and repair methods|components are used as far as possible, ancient buildings restoration | | |
| | |would have an impact on conservation. In addition, the |is runned according to the traditional process,repair materials | | |
| | |construction work area in the overall landscape make the|maximize the use of ecological materials, repair the old to be old and| | |
| | |people have some visual discomfort. |does not change the historic condition to ensure authenticity of | | |
| | | |heritage,eliminate safety risks to ensure the safety of cultural | | |
| | | |relics. | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | |Operation period: Heritage itself in the daily |The construction control measures are used in the course of routine | | |
| | |maintenance of operations will occasionally produce a |maintenance operations to reduce dust emissions,solid waste is | | |
| | |small amount of dust and solid waste, basically no other|collected and disposaled. | | |
| | |waste. | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | |Heritage itself is the mainly affected by outside |The daily maintenance of control of heritage itself is | | |
| | |influence during operation period,and corrosion damage |critical.Cultural relics departments or regulatory agencies should | | |
| | |phenomenon comes out. |strengthen the the management and monitoring minimizing damage to | | |
| | | |cultural relics. Increase the management of the flow of personnel. | | |
| | |In addition,the floating population increases during |Form a sound system of collection and treatment of pollutants.Prevent | | |
| | |operation period generating some solid waste, air |pollution and damage to the landscape. | | |
| | |pollutants and water pollutants,and to some extent will | | | |
| | |affect the project area landscape to some extent. | | | |
| | | |After the completion of the maintenance and repair works, previously | | |
| | | |run-down buildings and layout of the compound rules the project area | | |
| | | |become regular and neat, three-dimensional and space of landscape are | | |
| | | |more varied, landscape coordination greatly improved. | | |
|2 |Slope protection and |construction period:to transform the repair project, the| |construction period |Qufu cultural relics |
| |conservation of old |emphasis is manual work.Slope protection works mainly | |：contractor |tourist administration |
| |trees, ancient well |use retaining walls, wood piles, soil and grass seed and| | |、Qufu project office |
| |protection |other cover protection. After cleaning up the old well | |Operation | |
| | |use a pile stone to repair, construction is limited to | |period：Qufu | |
| | |the construction site, the project small. |Construction work surface through rational planning, orderly stacking |cultural relics | |
| | | |materials and solid waste to reduce the disturbance of surface area, a|tourist | |
| | |Waste gas consists of slope protection work and ancient |small amount of construction dust and dust suppression sprinklers |administration | |
| | |well protection work construction dust . |should be cleaned regularly to reduce dust emissions. | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |Sewage construction workers rely on public toilets in the collection | | |
| | |Project use little water and will not produce |of cultural relics units. | | |
| | |wastewater,domestic wastewater of construction workers | | | |
| | |rely on the cultural units and public toilets within the| | | |
| | |city limits. |Construction workers and the dead tree branches unified garbage | | |
| | | |collection, municipal waste sent to landfill treatment. | | |
| | |More human work industry, mainly daytime construction, | | | |
| | |no mechanical noise sources. | | | |
| | | |Try to shorten the construction period, construction work to eliminate| | |
| | |Solid waste mainly consists of garbage of construction |the visual discomfort. Retaining walls and slope protection works with| | |
| | |workers, old trees protection have a small amount of |wood piles, grass seed should be sown after the casing cover, good | | |
| | |dried tree branches and leaves |balance of earth and stone work, temporary spoil shall be compacted | | |
| | | |cover, making it less susceptible to rainfall area and does not cause | | |
| | | |the loss of earth excavation backfill should be used. Exposed surface | | |
| | |In addition, construction work zone make people have |excavation and other protective measures should be Weidang to shorten | | |
| | |some visual discomfort on the landscape. Slope project |the exposure time, try to avoid construction during the rainy season | | |
| | |involves a small amount of earth and stone |to reduce soil erosion. | | |
| | |cut-and-cover, soil erosion may occur during exposure, | | | |
| | |the use of temporary spoil is imperfect, cause stone and| | | |
| | |earth possible, tie up the land affecting the |After construction, remediation to clean up the temporary covering, | | |
| | |environment and landscape |removal of temporary buildings and equipment, become loose after being| | |
| | | |compacted soil compaction, depressions filled casing, and timely | | |
| | | |green. Adhere to the "original design, raw materials, the original | | |
| | | |process," the principle of repairing and protecting the cultural | | |
| | |Project itself as a world cultural heritage or key |relics, according to the traditional craft of the old well to repair, | | |
| | |cultural relics protection unit, improper maintenance |restoration effect has to be repairing the old old, does not change | | |
| | |and repair methods would have an impact on conservation.|the historic condition, to ensure authenticity of heritage, eliminate | | |
| | | |security risks, ensure safety of cultural relics. | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |Routine maintenance operations used in the course of the construction | | |
| | | |of control measures to reduce dust emissions, solid waste collection | | |
| | |Operation period：Heritage itself is incidental in the |and disposal. | | |
| | |operation of routine maintenance in addition will | | | |
| | |produce a small amount of dust and solid waste, | | | |
| | |basically no other waste. |Heritage itself is critical to the daily maintenance of control, | | |
| | | |cultural relics departments or regulatory agencies should strengthen | | |
| | | |the operation of the management and monitoring cultural and | | |
| | |Heritage itself is the main operator of the continuation|protection, minimizing damage to cultural relics. | | |
| | |of outside influence weathering corrosion damage | | | |
| | |phenomenon. | | | |
| | | |Protection and rejuvenation of old trees requires the use of eco-green| | |
| | | |manure, reducing fertilizer use, prohibited the use of highly toxic | | |
| | |Trees protect the process, if the improper use of |pesticides. | | |
| | |pesticides or fertilizers, will the local soil and | | | |
| | |atmospheric pollution |Increase the flow of personnel management, the formation of a sound | | |
| | | |system of collection and treatment of pollutants, prevent pollution | | |
| | |In addition, the operation of the floating population |and damage to the landscape. Maintenance and repair works are | | |
| | |increases, will generate some solid waste, air |completed, the project area previously run-down dead trees and slope | | |
| | |pollutants and water pollutants, to some extent will |protection works layout rules, neat, three-dimensional landscape more | | |
| | |affect the project area landscape. |varied and space, landscape coordination greatly improved. | | |
|3 |Stone,arch |construction period：Class project for the transformation | |construction period |Qufu cultural relics |
| |protection and |of repair, mainly manual work, using stone and other | |：contractor |tourist |
| |restoration |traditional materials, using traditional technology | | |administration、Qufu |
| | |repair, engineering construction site is limited to within| |Operation |project office |
| | |the small size of the project. |Construction work surface through rational planning, orderly stacking|period：Qufu | |
| | | |materials and to reduce the disturbance of surface area of solid |cultural relics | |
| | | |waste, construction sites and transportation routes and regular |tourist | |
| | |Stone monument protection and recovery generated a small |cleaning dust suppression sprinklers, reduce dust emissions. Minimize|administration | |
| | |amount of gravel dust, arch restoration project is mainly |the use of mechanical facilities, reduce mechanical exhaust. | | |
| | |produced in the construction dust emissions. | | | |
| | | |Construction process, construction of waste water generated in all | | |
| | |Stone monument protection and restoration projects very |trace back to use, based on the existing public toilets to collect | | |
| | |little water will not produce wastewater, the Church |sewage. | | |
| | |restore a small amount of construction waste generated by | | | |
| | |the project, construction workers rely on domestic | | | |
| | |wastewater and various historical monuments in public |Low-noise equipment and machinery, or minimize the use of | | |
| | |toilets within the city limits. |construction machinery to reduce the mechanical noise generated 300m | | |
| | | |in residential areas within the construction site, the noise produced| | |
| | |More human work industry, mainly daytime construction, |in construction work should cease between 22:00 to 06:00. | | |
| | |less mechanical noise sources, and for the occasional | | | |
| | |noise source. |As far as possible reuse of building materials, reuse and can not be | | |
| | | |unified garbage collection, transfer handle municipal solid waste | | |
| | | |landfill. | | |
| | |Solid waste is mainly gravel and other construction debris| | | |
| | |waste garbage and construction personnel, building | | | |
| | |materials, it is appropriate then use of less waste, reuse|After construction, remediation to clean up the temporary covering, | | |
| | |can not be unified with the solid waste sent to landfill |removal of temporary buildings and facilities, become loose after | | |
| | |treatment. |being compacted soil compaction, depressions filled casing, and | | |
| | | |timely green; adhere to the "original design, raw materials, the | | |
| | | |original process" the principle of repairing and protecting cultural | | |
| | |Project itself as a world cultural heritage or key |relics, according to the traditional repair techniques, repair | | |
| | |cultural relics protection unit, improper maintenance and |materials, maximize the use of ecological materials, repair, | | |
| | |repair methods would have an impact on conservation. |repairing the old results to be old, does not change the historic | | |
| | | |condition, to ensure authenticity of heritage, eliminate security | | |
| | | |risks, ensure the safety of cultural relics. | | |
| | | | | | |
| | |Operation period：Heritage itself is incidental in the |Routine maintenance operations used in the course of the construction| | |
| | |operation of routine maintenance in addition will produce |of control measures to reduce dust emissions, solid waste collection | | |
| | |a small amount of dust and solid waste, basically no other|and disposal. Heritage itself is critical to the daily maintenance of| | |
| | |waste. Heritage itself is the main operator of the |control, cultural relics departments or regulatory agencies should | | |
| | |continuation of outside influence weathering corrosion |strengthen the operation of the management and monitoring cultural | | |
| | |damage phenomenon. |and protection, the degree of damage to a minimum. | | |
A3 Lu Old City cultural heritage protection and presentation
|1 |Main road, trail, |Renovation project for the transformation of class, on the basis of the |Construction and operation of environmental protection |construction period |Qufu cultural relics |
| |Plank Road and |trail, manual work and are made with wood, stone, gravel and other |measures and clear the road so the traditional city, a similar|：contractor |tourist administration |
| |bridge |traditional materials, using traditional technology repair, construction is |conservation projects. | |、Qufu project office |
| | |limited to the construction site, the project small. | |Operation | |
| | | | |period：Qufu | |
| | | |Lu Old City during the construction project should be |cultural relics | |
| | |Construction and Operation of the Environment and the next road protection |considered important to the surrounding villages, the |tourist | |
| | |project so similar to the traditional city. However, Lu Old City to a more |villagers affected temporarily due to the project area and are|administration | |
| | |open environment of space, memory, region-wide projects in the village and |state-owned and collective land area, covering an area less | | |
| | |farming, construction and operation of the process subject to further |affected. | | |
| | |consideration of the impact of the external environment, as well as the | | | |
| | |external environment impact on the project. |Project construction, road construction route are residential | | |
| | | |areas in the 100m from the village, the project emissions, | | |
| | | |wastewater and solid waste generation was smaller, and less | | |
| | | |impact on the surrounding environment, the project to use more| | |
| | | |manual work, less use of machinery and equipment , and more | | |
| | | |for low-noise equipment, noise producing construction work | | |
| | | |should cease between 22:00 to 06:00. | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |Project construction and operation of the surrounding | | |
| | | |villagers and the need for greater management of floating | | |
| | | |population, improve people's environmental awareness, the | | |
| | | |formation of a sound system of collection and treatment of | | |
| | | |pollutants, prevent pollution and damage to the landscape. | | |
|2 |Body Protection |Construction period: the transformation of repair type projects in the | |construction period |Qufu cultural relics |
| | |ancient city wall and moat on the site to determine the tour road, cleaning | |：contractor |tourist administration |
| | |up the environment, using traditional technology fix, and the green, manual | | |、 |
| | |work-based, works only in the construction site, the project scale small. | |Operation |Qufu project office |
| | | |Environmental protection measures of construction and |period：Qufu | |
| | |Construction and operation environment impact are similar to the next |operation are similar to the traditional city road clear, a |cultural relics | |
| | |restoration project. |similar conservation projects. |tourist | |
| | | |Consider the impact of projects on the external environment |administration | |
| | |However, Lu Old City to a more open environment of space, memory, |and external environment, the impact of the project, using the| | |
| | |region-wide projects in the village and farming, construction and operation |measures and Lu Old City main road, trail-building measures | | |
| | |of the process subject to further consideration of the impact of the |and other similar projects.。 | | |
| | |external environment, as well as the external environment impact on the | | | |
| | |project. | | | |
|3 |Stone, monument |Construction period: class project for the transformation of repair, manual |Construction and operation of environmental protection |construction period |Qufu cultural relics |
| |protection, |operation, to protect stone monument to strengthen environmental management |measures and clear the road so the traditional city of |：contractor |tourist administration |
| |environmental |Quantou pool and green. |protection, conservation and other projects similar to the old| |、 |
| |remediation | |well. |Operation |Qufu project office |
| | |Construction and Operation of the Environment and the stone monument next so| |period：Qufu | |
| | |the city protection, conservation and other projects similar to the old |Consider the impact of projects on the external environment |cultural relics | |
| | |well. |and external environment, the impact of the project, using the|tourist | |
| | | |measures and Lu Old City main road, trail-building measures | | |
| | |However, Lu Old City to a more open environment of space, memory, |and other similar projects. | | |
| | |region-wide projects in the village and farming, construction and operation | | | |
| | |of the process subject to further consideration of the impact of the | | | |
| | |external environment, as well as the external environment impact on the | | | |
| | |project. | | | |
|4 |Tourist |Construction period: tourist service facilities including waste sorting boxes, |Construction and operation of environmental protection measures |Qufu cultural relics|Qufu cultural relics|
| |services |rest areas and public toilets, building green and floor covering, manual work and|and clear the road so the traditional city, a similar conservation|tourist |tourist |
| | |are made with sand, brick and other traditional materials, using traditional |projects. |administration |administration |
| | |technology to pave the way, works only construction site, the project small. | | | |
| | | |Construction process, due to the project area and temporary land | | |
| | |Construction and Operation of the Environment and the next it is the road |are owned and collective land area of less affected. | | |
| | |rehabilitation project in the city similar to the traditional. | | | |
| | | |Public toilets from the surrounding villages are in the 200m, the | | |
| | |However, the project involves the construction of rest areas and public toilets, |foul smell produced little effect on the villagers, the project | | |
| | |rest areas and toilets need to consider the environmental impact of pollutants, |will use the free automatic intelligent toilet flushing, | | |
| | |the main lounge area of waste garbage, including toilet wastes generated waste |discharges through the treatment, the daily garbage removal from | | |
| | |water, solid waste, and foul odors on the surrounding environment impact, in |the sealed car collection, transportation, centralized transported| | |
| | |addition, consider the garbage sorting boxes of garbage collection. |to the landfill for treatment, garbage sorting garbage containers | | |
| | | |will be collected centrally sanitation department and transported | | |
| | |After the completion of such projects can enhance the area waste collection and |to landfill treatment. | | |
| | |processing of pollutants, to improve the scenic environment is very favorable | | | |
A4 Mencius cultural heritage comprehensive protection
|1 |Western Hills |Construction period: visitor center, parking, refuse collection points |Construction period: Since the project area and temporary land are|construction period |Zoucheng cultural relics|
| |Village Visitor |and sewage treatment facilities are required to take some of the land, |owned and collective land, an area less affected. |：contractor |tourist administration、|
| |Center, parking, |the project involves the construction site cleaning, excavation, | | | |
| |refuse collection |piling, masonry construction, reinforced concrete works, masonry works |Generated during the process of project construction and transport|Operation |Zoucheng project office |
| |points, sewage |and utilities installation, wall decorative ceiling treatment, the |vehicles between the construction dust on the ground caused by |period：Zoucheng | |
| |treatment facilities|surface smearing and other renovation works in the construction |dust, so must strengthen the process of building the management of|cultural relics | |
| | |process, the major environmental issues of dust, noise, construction |earth excavation, construction, temporary dust outside the site |tourist | |
| | |equipment, gas, sewage, construction waste, sewage treatment |boundary wall, and to develop a reasonable construction schedule, |administration | |
| | |facilities, sludge and garbage and so on. |the construction produces a small amount of spoil should be | | |
| | | |promptly removed. Watering the road in a timely manner to reduce | | |
| | | |the surface dust generation, construction machinery exhaust | | |
| | | |emissions are temporary, until construction is completed will have| | |
| | | |no effect. | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |Project construction waste generated by the precipitation | | |
| | | |recycling, no more than the schedule, construction workers nearby | | |
| | | |sewage can be used around the villagers to use mobile toilets or | | |
| | | |"impermeable toilets are" the manure produced by farm near the | | |
| | | |village on a regular basis away. | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |Construction of low noise equipment; by installing silencers and | | |
| | | |engine vibration isolation components method to reduce noise; | | |
| | | |excavators, loading and unloading of vehicles out of site speed | | |
| | | |limits; strengthen the machinery and equipment, transport | | |
| | | |vehicles, maintenance, kept them in good working condition. | | |
| | | |Rational arrangement of construction time, avoid the simultaneous | | |
| | | |construction of strong noise equipment, continuous operation at | | |
| | | |night (after 22:00) prohibits the construction work, daytime to | | |
| | | |avoid the use of high noise equipment break at noon and announced | | |
| | | |to nearby residents and the relevant units. Rational distribution | | |
| | |Operation period: The main environmental impacts generated by visitor |of the construction site, noisy equipment as far away from | | |
| | |center staff waste flow, parking gas, refuse collection points for |sensitive areas. Reduce man-made noise, operating machinery and | | |
| | |garbage collection, sewage treatment facilities, wastewater and sludge |equipment and templates, support loading and unloading, reduce the| | |
| | |generated, and the refuse collection station and sewage treatment |collision. The equipment on relatively fixed position and can | | |
| | |facilities, malodorous gases generated. |operate indoors as much as possible into the operating room, can | | |
| | | |not enter the operating room, the establishment of single sound | | |
| | | |barrier; construction site 2.5m high fence around the building. | | |
| | | |Reduce traffic noise, and out of vehicles and vehicle speed | | |
| | | |through the sensitive points, limit alarms to reduce noise | | |
| | | |pollution. | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |For other construction wastes generated by the project spoil, | | |
| | | |temporary stockpiling Shop straw thatch should be taken to block | | |
| | | |the upper part of protection against the wind the rain event | | |
| | | |caused by dust and soil erosion, and sediment in a timely manner | | |
| | | |by the local municipal office for disposal. Waste away in time, | | |
| | | |the municipal sanitation department to focus on. | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |The project site is between the Western Hills Village and Meng Lin| | |
| | | |from the three world cultural heritage to Bangladesh, and cultural| | |
| | | |relics are more than 500m, less impact on Meng Lin。 | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |Operation period: The project, garbage will be collected for | | |
| | | |transport to the reunification of landfill for treatment, sewage | | |
| | | |treatment facilities, sludge is collected and sent to landfill, | | |
| | | |sewage treatment facilities, treated wastewater generated All back| | |
| | | |to green, parking, refuse collection points, location of sewage | | |
| | | |treatment facilities were selected in the Western Hills Village | | |
| | | |and Meng Lin under the direction and distance to reduce the odor | | |
| | | |of gas on the villagers and the impact of cultural relics | | |
| | | |protection units. | | |
B1 Update and enhance of the Qufu Ming Old City
|Serial |Sub-programs |Primary environmental impact analysis |Primary mitigation measures |Performer |Responsible |
|numbe |names | | | |organization |
|1 |A Zone: update of the |Construction period: the transformation of class |Construction for waste water, dust, mechanical exhaust, noise, |construction |Qufu cultural |
| |building blocks |projects, smaller projects, mainly in construction |construction waste, construction workers and garbage sewage |period：contractor |industry park、 |
| | |waste, construction dust, mechanical exhaust, |mitigation measures adopted in similar projects with the Western | | |
| | |construction noise, construction debris, construction |Hills Village. |Operation perio：Qufu |Qufu project |
| | |workers and garbage generated sewage project in the | |cultural industry park |office |
| | |old town, close to key cultural relics protection unit|In addition, the transformation of the block design, except in | | |
| | |area , improper maintenance and repair methods and the|accordance with relevant design codes and standards requirements,| | |
| | |local landscape and environmental conservation will |as it should be aesthetically beautiful natural line, so that | | |
| | |have an impact. |works well with the natural landscape to blend; repair materials | | |
| | | |to maximize the use of ecological materials , Repair of repairing| | |
| | | |the old to do the old, restored the layout should be coordinated | | |
| | |Decoration materials used by block building update |with the existing landscape phase. | | |
| | |project would exhaust waste gas,it has impact on air |Measures of | | |
| | |environment,indoor air in particular.This would be |①Choose woods of high quality | | |
| | |similar to block update projects of Ming old city. |The controlling of waste gas emitted during the decoration | | |
| | | |process should be given priority from the source. Innocuous or | | |
| | | |low-toxic constructive materials, which has been approved by | | |
| | | |China Environmental Labeling, should be chosen for decoration. | | |
| | |Run: the project itself on the water environment, |never use materials or laquers which have been sifted out. All of| | |
| | |ambient air, acoustic environment had no influence. |these measures are to decrease the emission intensity of | | |
| | | |pollutants. | | |
| | | |②Proper arrangement of operation and construction | | |
| | | |In order to lessen the decorative materials’ influence on indooor| | |
| | | |air quality, the work of operation and construction ought to be | | |
| | | |arranged in a proper way. Spray coating can not be too | | |
| | | |centralized; Do anything possible to appropriately arrange | | |
| | | |different kinds of pollution sources; Take wind direction into | | |
| | | |consideration to reduce dilution period and its influence of | | |
| | | |expansion intensity on the aera downwind. | | |
| | | |③increasing indoor ventilation | | |
| | | |As for formaldehyde and radioactive substances, frequent | | |
| | | |ventilation is needed. It is also advisable to make use of active| | |
| | | |carbon or green plants to enhance the indoor air equality. | | |
| | | |Increasing the ventilation between outside and inside and | | |
| | | |strengthening emission can bring indoor harmful gas intensity | | |
| | | |under control, as well as eliminate the pollution of decorative | | |
| | | |gas. | | |
|2 |Water supply |Construction period: the type of project involves the |Construction period: for waste water, dust, mechanical exhaust, |construction |Qufu cultural |
| |facilities,drainage |excavation of earth and stone, and the closer the |noise, construction waste, construction workers and garbage |period：contractor |industry park、 |
| |facilities,cable, |distance part of the cultural relics protection units,|sewage mitigation measures adopted in similar projects with the | | |
| |distribution substations, |mainly construction waste, construction dust, |Western Hills Village. For road and pipeline construction, as |Operation perio：Qufu |Qufu project |
| |street lighting, gas,fire |mechanical exhaust, construction noise, construction |part of cultural relics protection units from close in some areas|cultural industry park |office |
| |fighting facilities, |debris, construction workers have sewage and garbage, |less than 100m, the construction dust has a certain impact on the| | |
| |comprehensive trench |the project area is located in the ancient city , |heritage, the construction process of the excavation of earth to | | |
| | |close to key cultural relics protection unit area, |further strengthen the management, construction, temporary dust | | |
| | |improper maintenance and repair methods and the local |outside the site boundary wall, and to develop a reasonable | | |
| | |landscape and environmental conservation will have an |construction schedule, construction should be promptly produced a| | |
| | |impact. |small amount of spoil removed. Watering the road in a timely | | |
| | | |manner to reduce the surface dust generation, construction | | |
| | | |machinery exhaust emissions are temporary, until construction is | | |
| | | |completed will have no effect. | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |In addition, CAPE dug to avoid the sensitive management | | |
| | | |objectives, the network settings should be reasonable, to ensure | | |
| | | |the normal operation; must be occupied for the construction of | | |
| | | |green, grass or trees to be transplanted; construction after the | | |
| | | |clean up of temporary land remediation, removal of temporary | | |
| | | |buildings, have become loose after being compacted dense soil, | | |
| | | |depressions filled casing, and timely green; green species should| | |
| | | |be adapted to local conditions, to avoid invasive species; | | |
| | | |modified to set the eye-catching warning signs to avoid personal | | |
| | |Operation period: After the completion of such |injury. | | |
| | |projects can enhance local water supply and drainage | | | |
| | |facilities, sewage treatment capacity and other | | | |
| | |infrastructure construction, improve the local | | | |
| | |environment on the health situation is very favorable | | | |
B2 Qufu Lu Old City, Ming Old City landscaping, green, river restoration
|Serial |Sub-programs |Primary environmental impact analysis |Primary mitigation measures |Performer |Responsible |
|numbe |names | | | |organization |
|1 |Water diversion, |Construction period: the transformation of class projects,|Construction period: water lines and river training works should be a conscious choice |construction |Qufu cultural |
| |river regulation, |large scale projects, mainly in construction waste, |to avoid the line of environmental sensitive targets, does not occupy the basic |period：contractor|industry park、 |
| |roads, sanitation |construction dust, construction noise, construction |farmland; construction of wastewater reuse precipitation; construction to minimize | | |
| |facilities, water |debris, construction workers and garbage sewage generated |disturbance of surface area of dust suppression by spraying water production, river |Operation |Qufu project |
| |through, restored |a large amount of earth and stone project, the impact on |training works all around enclosing walls to prevent dust pollution; use of low noise |perio：Qufu |office |
| |the ancient Panchi|the larger environment . |generating equipment and machinery to reduce noise, construction site within 300m in |cultural industry | |
| | | |residential areas, noise producing construction work should be stopped in between 22:00 |park | |
| | | |to 06:00; | | |
| | |Operation period: the project itself on the water | | | |
| | |environment, ambient air, acoustic environment had no | | | |
| | |influence |To the areas where water and soil erosion happens easily,such as the newly excavation | | |
| | | |area in the riverway by diversion works,combination of engineering measures and | | |
| | | |biological measures should be used to prevent water and soil erosion.The project at | | |
| | | |newly excavation area should avoid large earthworks and reduce disturbing to the relief | | |
| | | |by making full use of physical relief. | | |
| | | |The main roads and building materials piling area where the vehicles usually go in and | | |
| | | |out should be indurated to prevent environment destruction by raised dust or water and | | |
| | | |soil erosion. In order to block soils and rocks which abandoned temporarily during | | |
| | | |construction,walls by 1.5～2m high should be built up at the periphery of the area | | |
| | | |disturbed greatly by construction.Careful organisation is necessary during construction | | |
| | | |for reducing the volume of water and soil erosion.We should take thorough argumentation | | |
| | | |to the design plan of road construction and the dig plan of earth and stone,a better | | |
| | | |plan which causing less volume of water and soil will be choosen.Fully-enclosed | | |
| | | |management will be adopted at the construction area,and construction workers will be | | |
| | | |asked to construct civilised,greening and beautify the construction evironment.Greening | | |
| | | |should be enhanced for increasing forest coverage rate.the land which is not used for | | |
| | | |construction should be arranged for greening at beginning of construction at the newly | | |
| | | |excavation area where partly is about to constructed.Construction after the end of the | | |
| | | |interim accounting remediation to clean up, removal of temporary buildings, have become | | |
| | | |loose after being compacted dense soil, depressions filled casing, and timely green. | | |
| | | |Besides ornamental effect,plants choosn for greening should have the function of water | | |
| | | |and soil conservation. | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |Construction waste such as river sediment should be piled up avoiding environmental | | |
| | | |sensitive areas consciously,selecting appropriate sites to pile up,at the same time do | | |
| | | |a good job of blocking and defending measures.Monitoring of sediment composition | | |
| | | |samples were collected after the removal and transportation to the municipal | | |
| | | |environmental treatment facility for treatment; construction workers using simple water | | |
| | | |treatment facilities, sewage collection and treatment focus; solid waste removal and | | |
| | | |transportation focus to the municipal environmental treatment facility for treatment; | | |
| | | |landscape facilities, design, except in accordance with relevant design codes and | | |
| | | |standards requirements, should be aesthetically beautiful as its linear nature, the | | |
| | | |natural landscape and works better integrated. | | |
B3 Update and enhance of the Zoucheng Old City
|Serial |Sub-programs |Primary environmental impact analysis |Primary mitigation measures |Performer |Responsible |
|numbe |names | | | |organization |
|1 |Mencius school |Mencius school construction and operation of the major |Construction period:due to the project area and temporary land are state-owned and |construction |Zoucheng |
| | |environmental impacts and Meng Lin Xishan Village Visitor |collective land,it has less affect. |period：contractor|construction |
| | |Center, parking lot, the construction of similar projects.|Environment protection measures during construction and operation period are similar to | |bureau、Zoucheng |
| | |Decoration materials used by campus construction would |that of Xishantou Village Visitor Center projects. |Operation perio： |project office |
| | |exhaust waste gas,it has impact on air environment,indoor |At the design plan of Mencius primary school,playground is designed along the street,while|：Zoucheng | |
| | |air in particular.This would be similar to block update |classrooms inside,above 100m distance to the street outside.So noises outside have a litte|construction | |
| | |projects of Ming old city. |affect to classrooms.Meanwhile, protection measures of indoor air are similar to block |bureau | |
| | | |update projects of Ming old city. | | |
| | |In addition, Mencius school as the main noise sensitive |In addition, the speed and ring of vehicles to enter or leave and passing through | | |
| | |points, to consider the impact of the external environment|sensitive points are limitted, to decrease the noises pollution further. | | |
| | |of the school. | | | |
| | | | | | |
As the content of the rest is consistent with the above projects, only projects sizes different. Because of quantities and its relatively short construction period, impact on the environment of the construction of the project are basically the same.the project has run for the project area to promote their healthy development role. Therefore, the main environmental impacts of the subprojects and the mitigation measures no longer to go into details.
5 Assessment of Impact on the Heritage Sites
In the proposed cultural heritage protection project, the investment involved in cultural heritage preservation and display has taken up 30% of the total investment, making this part the most important one. During the course of the project, many engineering sites are related to world cultural heritage or national, provincial, municipal heritage protection units, so the protection of cultural relics is particularly important. The information about the identification of the cultural relics, their current situations, the protection and renovation content, and other relevant information, will be provided by the local Cultural Heritage Bureau.
5.1 Heritage identification in the project area
In Qufu and Zoucheng, there are six categories of cultural heritage, among which there are 156 cultural relics of national and various local levels. For the detailed introduction to the cultural relics in this area, please refer to the chapter about the natural and social environment. This heritage impact analysis will focus on the major and sensitive cultural relics involved in the project. Based on field investigation and collected relevant information, and with the confirmation by the local cultural relics bureaus, the scope of the assessment of cultural relics, and the protection units involved in the project are listed in Table 5.1-1. Apart from the cultural relics mentioned in this table, the ones listed or mentioned in the chapter of environmental profile are all outside the boundaries of the construction sites, and are not within the scope of the impact area of the project.
Table 5.1-1 Cultural relics protection organizations in the project area
|Serial |Title |Level |History |Location |Notes |
|number | | | | | |
|1 |Confucius Temple and |National Protection (Among the |From the Jin |Qufu city |World Heritage, |
| |Confucius Mansion |1st group of protection sites |to the Qing | |Ancient City from |
| | |since 1961) |dynasty | |the Ming dynasty |
|2 |The cemetery of the |National Protection (Among the |Eastern Zhou |Qufu city | |
| |Confucius family |1st group of protection sites |dynasty | | |
| | |since 1961) | | | |
|3 |The ancient city of |National Protection (Among the |From the Zhou |Qufu city | |
| |the State of Lu in |1st group of protection sites |to the Han | | |
| |Qufu |since 1961) |dynasty | | |
|4 |Yan Temple (Temple of |National Protection (Among the |From the Yuan |Qufu city |In the ancient city|
| |Yanhui) |5th group of protection sites |to the Qing | |of the Ming dynasty|
| | |since 2002) |dynasty | | |
|5 |In the ancient city of|Under the protection of Jining |The Ming |Qufu City District | |
| |the Ming dynasty |municipality ( 2nd group of |Dynasty | | |
| | |protection sites since 2000) | | | |
|6 |County administration |Under the protection of Qufu |From the Ming |On the northern side |In the ancient city|
| |building of Qufu |city (The first group of |to the Qing |of Ximen Dajie, Qufu |of the Ming dynasty|
| | |protection sites since 1986) |dynasty | | |
|7 |Former Residence of |Under the protection of Qufu |the Qing |On the northern side |The Ten Ancient |
| |Kong Guangsen |city (The first group of |dynasty |of Ximen Dajie, Qufu |Houses, In the |
| | |protection sites since 1986) | | |ancient city of the|
| | | | | |Ming dynasty |
|8 |Sifu (Four Houses) |Not yet rated |the Qing |In the ancient city |In the ancient city|
| | | |dynasty |of the Ming dynasty |of the Ming dynasty|
|9 |Gupanchi (Ancient |Under the protection of Qufu |The Zhou |Qufu City District |In the ancient city|
| |Panchi Pool) |city (The first group of |dynasty | |of the Ming dynasty|
| | |protection sites since 1986) | | | |
|10 |Building complex on |National Protection (Among the |the Qing |Nishan Hill, Qufu |Including the |
| |Nishan Hill |6th group of protection sites |dynasty | |ancient trees |
| | |since 2006) | | | |
|11 |Fuzidong (The Cave of |Under the protection of Qufu |From the Shang|Fuzidong |Nishan Hill |
| |Confucius) |city (The first group of |to the Han |Village,Nishan | |
| | |protection sites since 1986) |dynasty |Township, Qufu | |
|12 |Mencius Temple and the|National Protection (Among the |From the Ming |Southern District | |
| |Family Mansion of |3rd group of protection sites |to the Qing | | |
| |Mencius |since 1988） |dynasty | | |
|13 |The cemetery of the | National Protection (Among the |The Warring |Dashu township | |
| |Mencius family |6th group of protection sites |States and the| | |
| | |since 2006） |Han dynasty | | |
5.2 Issues and status of conservation
5.2.1 Local heritage conservation work and its correlation with this project
Since China began to set heritage protection sites in 1961 for the first time, municipal, provincial, and state governments have been working on identifying historical relics, and have made criteria on the protection levels of historical relics. All the cultural relics protection units are strictly protected by relevant national laws. The Confucius Temple, Confucius Mansion, and the Cemetery of Confucius family are the key units of heritage protection in Shandong province. In 1981, the ancient city of the Ming dynasty in Qufu became a state-level historical and cultural city, protected by the relevant laws and regulations; in 1994, the Confucius Temple, Confucius Mansion, and Cemetery of Confucius family were approved as a world heritage, so the whole area of the ancient city of the Ming dynasty became a buffer zone for the heritage. Now Zoucheng city has also been included in the current state-level historical and cultural cities.
In terms of planning, the local government and administrative offices of cultural relics have made a number of protection plans. And in the overall urban planning, the requirements of historical relics protection have been taken into account. All the relevant requirements concerning the urban development and building height control are strictly followed.
In terms of investment, the state-level key cultural relics protection units receive government funding each year for the protection and repair of the cultural relics. For example, since the management of Confucius Temple, Confucius Mansion, and the Cemetery of Confucius family were taken over by the state in 1949, these places first received government funding for maintenance in 1951; then in 1985, they received RMB4 million for maintenance. In addition, the funding for daily maintenance of these three cultural relics is also provided by the Government. In terms of R & D in heritage protection, the state government and related cultural relics departments have been committed to the research of the repairing work of key cultural relics. The training of heritage restoration personnel is also done regularly.
The funding for cultural relics protection provided by this project will help develop the diversity of sources of funds for renovation of cultural relics. Moreover, the platform provided by the World Bank will also enhance the influence of cultural heritage sites and upgrade their cultural value.
5.2.2 Problems in heritage conservation
(1) Management issues
Within the project area, in general, the state of conservation of cultural heritage is quite poor, and some units even have very serious problems, which involve the funding of protection, the choice of protection technology, the maintenance of heritage authenticity, the control methods of management and development, and other aspects. Obviously, we need to make in-depth review of our protection work from the strategic framework to the specific technical details.
In the project area, some constructions have problems in the choice of material for the repair and maintenance work, so the architectural styles of many courtyards are not consistent, and random construction structures are easy to find. Some of the old houses have serious structural problems such as rotten beams, deformed rafters, broken walls, twisted beams, collapsed parts, etc. caused by weathering, worm damages and lack of maintenance.
(2) Historical and cultural communities are arbitrarily modified
Due to the lack of unified planning for historic districts, arbitrary repair and unauthorized construction by local residents have made some neighborhoods lose the old style.
(3) Low sense of observing cultural relics protection laws of local residents
Most local residents lack understanding of cultural relics protection laws, and their conservation awareness is very weak.
5.2.3 The status of damages of cultural heritage in the project area
In the project area, generally speaking, the cultural relics are in poor conditions. For example, for the ancient buildings, some of them have damages in roofs or brick walls; some have problems with doors, windows, and wooden beam structures; a large number of them have the paint peeled off, and some buildings are in dangerous states; in some places, the outdoor brick ground is severely damaged; a large number of ancient paintings from the Ming and Qing dynasties are even facing irreversible damages; a lot of outdoor stone tablets in many cultural relics are exposed to weathering and erosion, without proper protection; most of the stone monuments, tablets and buildings in the cemeteries are not under effective protection and management; some of the ancient trees have their roots exposed.
There are some other protection issues with the cultural heritages, and some of them are very serious. For example, historic buildings, including ancient residence buildings are disappearing in these historic towns; the ancient water systems are silted up and ancient springs are now dried up. In Zoucheng and Qufu, only the height of new buildings among all the controlling measures is well observed. Apart from this aspect, the protection of the ancient towns is not enough. To better protect and transform the ancient cities and improve the economy has become a major concern of the local government.
Insufficient investment in the project area is an important factor that has caused damages of the cultural heritages. Therefore, harnessing foreign capital for better protection of the cultural relics and restoration of historical sites is another important way to raise funds.
5.3 Cultural heritage protection plans and projects
5.3.1 Principles, objectives and objects in cultural relics conservation planning
(a) Principles: Insisting on the heritage conservation policy of “focusing on protection and timely rescue; focusing on rational use; and strengthening management”; implementing protection projects to renovate cultural relics; using local and traditional mature technology in the renovating projects and protecting local building techniques and technologies; implementing comprehensive upgrading measures of the surrounding environment based on the principle of keeping historical and cultural heritages’ “authenticity” and “integrity”.
(2) Objectives: Balancing the protection of cultural relics and the development of local economy. Integrating the protection, construction, and utilization of cultural relics. Balancing the relationship of local livelihood, tourism development and protection. Achieving effective protection and reasonable utilization by strengthening management.
(3) Protection objects: ancient buildings and other relics in the protection area; important cultural relics and documents that are kept by various protection institutions or families; underground cultural relics in the protection area; the overall historical building style and natural environment; local architecture technique featuring the use wooden structures; other cultural relics.
5.3.2 Planning and Provision of Conservation
5.3.2.1 Related requirements on protection scope and construction control areas
According to the terms in “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics” and “Chinese Cultural Relics Protection Guidelines” and other relevant laws on the protection of cultural relics which are about construction control zones, and taking Qufu and Zoucheng’s specific local situations into consideration, the cultural relics are divided into three categories: core protected areas, protection zones and construction control areas.
(1) Core protected areas. The existing courtyards of each conservation unit. Use the walls as natural boundaries; if a courtyard has no walls, and then use roads/ditches as boundaries.
2) According to the practical conservation work in Jining city, the scope of cultural relics protection and construction control zone is to extend 10-20 meters outside the core protected area.
3) The alteration, renovation, reconstruction project carried out in the protection zones should be coherent with the overall landscape; the new constructions should not affect the safety of cultural relics or the surrounding environment, or undermine the historical style of the cultural relics protection units. The form and colors of architecture should be consistent with the local environment.
At present, the protection zones of the national key cultural relics (i.e. the temples, mansions, and the cemeteries of Confucius and Mencius, Nishan Hill, Yan Temple, and the ancient town of the State of Lu) have been clarified in the project areas. The scope of protection for other cultural relics will be drawn out by the provincial and municipal conservation organizations.
Project-related cultural relics protection zones are listed in Table 5.2-1.
Table 5.3-1Sensitive cultural relics protection units in the project area and the protected content
|Serial |Title |Protected area |Protected items |
|number | | | |
|1 |Confucius Temple and|Protection scope: 100 meters outside the |Confucius Temple: Jinsheng Yuzhen Memorial |
| | |Confucius Temple; 20 meters from the North |Arch, Lingxing Door, Shengshi Door, Hongdao |
| |Confucius Mansion |wall of the temple; 10 meters from the West |Door, Dazhong Door, Kuiwen Court, 13-Tablet |
| | |wall of the Confucius Temple; 10 meters from |Pavilion (Shisan Beiting), Dacheng Door, |
| | |the East wall(Including Confucius Square |Xingtan (Apricot Terrace), Dacheng Hall, the |
| | |Memorial Arch and Clock Tower), 15 meters from|two verandas, sleeping hall, hall of shrines |
| | |East wall of the Kong Family Mansion; 16 |and other buildings, and trees, inscriptions, |
| | |meters from the South wall; ¡£15. 4 meters |etc.; Confucius Mansion: Main gate, inner |
| | |from each side of the Shrine Path in Confucius|(second) gate, major hall, inner hall, third |
| | |Temple. |hall, front main room, front main building |
| | |Construction control areas: Within the ancient|(Qiantanglou), back main building (Houtanglou),|
| | |city of the Ming dynasty. |garden buildings, and ancient trees and |
| | | |inscriptions, etc. |
|2 |The cemetery of the |Protection scope: Within 10 meters of the |the Shrine Passage (Shendao), Forest Gate |
| |Confucius family |external wall of the cemetery of the Confucius|(Linmen), Zhushui Bridge (Zhushuiqiao), the |
| | |family within 10 meters from the sides of road|Xiang Palace (Xiangdian), the tomb of |
| | |from Dalin door to the North gate. |Confucius, Zi Gong’s Hut (Zigong Lumutang), |
| | |Construction control areas: within 50 meters |Tablet Pavilions (Beiting) and other buildings,|
| | |from the east, 180 meters from the north, 7 |and ancient trees, inscriptions, stone |
| | |meters from the west and 380 meters from the |carvings, etc. |
| | |south outside the edge of the protection scope| |
| | |(For the part of Linqiancun, the scope is 60 | |
| | |meters from the south wall of the cemetery of | |
| | |the Confucius family) . The control area along| |
| | |the two sides of the Shrine Passage (Shendao) | |
| | |is the same as the control area of the ruins | |
| | |of the capital of the ancient Lu Kingdom. | |
|3 |The ancient city of |Protection scope: The outer bank of the moat |the remains of the walls, gates and palaces of |
| |the State of Lu in |and protection area No. 35 and No. 36 outside |the ancient of the State of Lu; main roads, |
| |Qufu |the town; the two ancient terraces (Liangguan |iron and copper smelting sites, pottery |
| | |Tai and Zhaogong Tai). |workshops, and bone craft workshops; remains of|
| | |Construction control areas: Extend 50 meters |burial areas and ancient terraces. Altogether |
| | |from the outer edge of the protection area. |there are 36 key protection sites and general |
| | | |protection sites. |
|4 |Yan Temple (Temple |Protection scope: 9 meters outside the east, |Ancient buildings including Fu-Sheng memorial |
| |of Yanhui) |west, and north walls; 9 meters to the south |arch, main gate, Loujiefang, Leting, Fusheng |
| | |of Louxiangfang; |Dian, and sleeping hall; and ancient trees and |
| | |Construction control areas: 43-meter scope |inscriptions. |
| | |from the outer edge of the protection area to | |
| | |the passageway of Yan Temple; in the north, 35| |
| | |meters away from the moat; in the west, 15 | |
| | |meters away from the road; in the south, 15 | |
| | |meters from the south wall of Yan Temple; 15 | |
| | |meters from each side of Louxiangjie. | |
|5 |The ancient city of |Protection scope: 10 meters away from the |The ancient city of the Ming dynasty and the |
| |the Ming dynasty |outer bank of the moat; |ancient architecture |
| | |Construction control areas: Extend 120 meters | |
| | |from the outer edge of the protection area. | |
|6 |County |Not defined, but it is located in the ancient |Part of the ancient buildings of it. |
| |administration |city of the Ming dynasty. | |
| |building of Qufu | | |
|7 |Former residence of |Not defined, but it is located in the ancient |Part of the ancient buildings of it. |
| |Kong Guangsen |city of the Ming dynasty. | |
|8 |Sifu (Four Houses) |Not defined, but it is located in the ancient |Part of the ancient buildings of it. |
| | |city of the Ming dynasty. | |
|9 |Gupanchi (Ancient |Not defined, but it is located in the ancient |Part of the ancient buildings of it. |
| |Panchi Pool) |city of the Ming dynasty. | |
|10 |Building complex on |Protection scope: 170 meters outside the |Buildings including Lingxing Gate, Dacheng Hall|
| |Nishan Hill |eastern wall, 35 meters outside the northern, |(the Great Hall of Confucius ), Qindian (the |
| | |230 meters outside the southern, 50 meters |Resting Hall), Qisheng Wangdian, Yusheng Houci;|
| | |outside the western wall of the Confucius |and ancient trees and inscriptions. |
| | |Temple building complex; | |
| | |Construction control areas: Extend 50 meters | |
| | |from the outer edge of the protection area. | |
|11 |Mencius Temple and |Mencius Temple: the eastern boundary is 10 |Weather Gate of Mount Tai, Chengsheng Gate, |
| |the Family Mansion |meters from the eastern wall of Mencius |Mencius Hall, Zhiyan Hall, Ancestor’s Temple |
| |of Mencius |Temple; the northern boundary is 9 meters from|and other buildings; all kinds of ancient trees|
| | |the northern wall of the temple; the western |and inscriptions. |
| | |boundary is the eastern wall of the Family | |
| | |Mansion of Mencius; the southern boundary is | |
| | |to extend 160 meters until the northern side | |
| | |of Miqiao Rd. | |
| | |Family Mansion of Mencius: the eastern | |
| | |boundary is the western wall of Mencius | |
| | |Temple; the northern boundary starts from the | |
| | |north wall of Family Mansion of Mencius, | |
| | |extending 9 meters to the edge of the | |
| | |residential areas; the western boundary starts| |
| | |from the western wall of Family Mansion of | |
| | |Mencius, extending 9 meters to the edge of the| |
| | |residential areas; the southern boundary | |
| | |starts from the southern wall of the Family | |
| | |Mansion and extends 11 meters. | |
|12 |The cemetery of the |The eastern boundary is the eastern edge Siji |The cemetery of the Mencius family, the Altar |
| |Mencius family |Hill; the northern boundary is the Southern |(xiangdian) and other buildings; the ancient |
| | |Ditch of the orchard of Xishantou Village; the|and famous trees, inscriptions, etc. |
| | |western boundary is the western edge of small | |
| | |Menglin (the lesser cemetery of the Mencius | |
| | |family) ; the southern boundary is the | |
| | |northern ditch of Xishantou Village; 20 meters| |
| | |from either side of the spirit path. | |
5.3.2.2 Other conservation-related requirements during the construction of the project
Under the relevant provisions in “The Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics” and “The Enforcement Regulations of Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics”, during the construction process, the proposed project should observe the following provisions:
(1) The infrastructure construction of the ancient city of the Ming dynasty (Minggucheng) and Zoucheng ancient town should be carried out with the coordination of archaeological departments, and under the permission of cultural relics departments of Jining Municipality and Shandong provincial government.
(2) Construction teams for the repair and reconstruction work of the conservation units should obtain qualification certificates issued by the relics conservation administration authorities and the construction administration departments.
(3) The plans on the repair projects involved in the project should be approved by local governments, and the advice of cultural relics administration departments of a higher level should be solicited.
(4) During construction, if cultural relics are found, the construction should be halted immediately and the situation should be reported to local cultural relics administration. The related conservation work should be carried out in accordance with the “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics” and the requests by the local cultural relics conservation administration.
5.3.2.3 Protected items and mitigation measures
According to “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics” and related provisions made by the local cultural relics protection administrations, and taking the damaged facilities of local cultural relics protection organizations into consideration, the mitigation measures are mainly in the following areas: using reversible protection technology and engineering measures for the repair of cultural relics; strengthening the carriers or containing facilities of cultural relics; monitoring and using limited protection engineering measures for natural disasters; strengthening management.
Specific protected items are listed in Table 5.3-2.
Table 5.3-2 Summery of items for repair in sensitive cultural relics protection organizations in the project area
|Serial |Title |Objects to repair |Notes |
|number | | | |
|1 |Confucius Temple and |Maintenance and repair of ancient architecture; maintenance of the |World Heritage |
| |Confucius Mansion |garden; traditional road protection, and stone monument protection. | |
|2 |The cemetery of the |Maintenance and repair of ancient architecture; traditional road | |
| |Confucius family |protection. | |
|3 |The ancient city of |City wall protection; moats protection; stone tablets and | |
| |the State of Lu in |inscriptions protection. | |
| |Qufu | | |
|4 |Yan Temple (Temple of |Maintenance and repair of ancient architecture; traditional road | |
| |Yanhui) |protection; stone monument protection. | |
|5 |In the ancient city of|In addition to Yan Temple, County administration building, Laoshi Fu | |
| |the Ming dynasty |(The Old Ten Houses), and Sifu (Four Houses), also included in the | |
| | |protection scope are the ancient trees, wells, memorial arches, stone| |
| | |tablets, etc. | |
|6 |County administration |Maintenance and repair of ancient architecture | |
| |building of Qufu (Qufu| | |
| |Xianya) | | |
|7 |Kong Guangsen |Maintenance and repair of ancient architecture, courtyard restoration|Laoshi Fu (The Old |
| |Residence | |Ten Houses) |
|8 |Sifu (Four Houses) |Maintenance and repair of ancient architecture | |
|9 |Gupanchi (Ancient |Restoration of the water system of Gupanchi | |
| |Panchi Pool) | | |
|10 |Building complex on |Maintenance and repair of ancient architecture |Including the |
| |Nishan Hill | |ancient trees |
|11 |Fuzidong (The Cave of |Slope protection | |
| |Confucius) | | |
|12 |Mencius Temple and the|Maintenance and repair of ancient architecture; side courtyard | |
| |Family Mansion of |protection and repair; traditional road protection; stone monument | |
| |Mencius |protection. | |
|13 |The cemetery of the |Maintenance and repair of ancient architecture; traditional road | |
| |Mencius family |protection; stone monument protection; protection of ancient trees; | |
| | |establishing fire prevention paths in the woods. | |
As can be seen from the table, the constructions and repair work in the project area include: maintenance and repair of ancient architecture, stone monuments, traditional roads, memorial arches, ancient wells, ancient trees, walls and moats, etc. Among these, the protection of stone monuments, arches, wells, walls, old trees, and moats require relatively small amount of work, and the environmental impact is mainly limited to the project itself. However, the maintenance and repair of ancient buildings, traditional courtyards, pavements, etc., require a lot of work, and may have some impact on the surroundings.
(1) Key sites of protection
1) Renovating the ancient buildings, monuments, other relics, and public buildings in the core protected areas; improving the local environment for the cultural relics; removing or relocating buildings, attachments, and supportive structures that have negative effects on the styles of the cultural relics in core protected areas; restoring traditional buildings in the core protected areas based on historical information; making the environment of the core protected areas more intact.
2) Adjusting the functions of different zones; clarifying the construction projects that need to be controlled (including demonstration projects, research projects, tourism infrastructure projects and the tour route reconstruction project) to avoid damage brought about by construction.
3) Renovating the surroundings of core protected areas; cleaning, repairing and decorating the cultural relics so all the cultural relics protection units have unified styles.
4) Increasing necessary facilities and signs for heritage conservation and tourism; providing convenient services for tourists and creating high-quality environment.
(2) Special protection of ancient buildings
1) These measures include: restoring ancient buildings based on local construction materials and techniques; studying the application of these materials and techniques; documenting the procedures so that further restoration work can follow the practice; mapping the remains of relics; carrying out comprehensive study with the help of old photographs and historical documents; studying the layout, dimensions, basic pattern of decorative arts of ancient buildings; restoring the form of the ancient town in accordance with the original shape, structure, and material; and designating a special agency to monitor and guide the renovation of ancient buildings.
The renovation should be done in unified design, such as the form, color and material. Meanwhile, try to combine traditional craftsmanship with modern technology, so the lifetime of the material can be extended.
2) The original form and historical information should be preserved for the ancient buildings and relics; various historical environmental elements should be strictly protected.
3) In the project, most of the ancient buildings will be repaired. According to “Management Measures for Cultural Relics Conservation Projects”, the conservation project include the following aspects: maintenance, emergency reinforcement, renovation, construction of protective facilities, migration project, etc. “Chinese cultural relics protection guidelines” stresses that “A protection project is for repairing cultural relics and remediating the environment with technical measures. The repair work of cultural relics includes routine maintenance, protection and strengthening, key repair projects, etc.”
4) Reconstruct vanished historic buildings if the development of local economy permits by referring to remains, old photos and other information.
(3) Special protection of traditional neighborhood
1) The protection of traditional neighborhood includes the valuable old houses, traditional courtyards, key alleys and traditional lifestyles in construction control areas. Houses that have negative effect on the structure of the traditional courtyard should be dismantled; houses with potential safety hazards should be repaired or renovated; the facilities within the compound is to be sorted out; green areas will be added to replace or decorate the places that are incompatible with the traditional style of local streets and courtyards, and at the same time to increase and improve the neighborhood environment and living conditions. The architectural styles, colors and exterior decorations will be based on traditional styles, and the internal decoration can be upgraded.
2) Reducing the density of population, improving the environment, and reproducing the traditional customs and living surroundings; enriching cultural connotation of local tourism.
3) Converting some residence houses into family-style hotels; providing opportunities for the travelers to approach the local history, culture and folk life.
（4） Special protection of ancient and famous trees.
(1) Protection zone delimitation
1) 5 meters from the vertical projection of tree crown at the outer edge of a forest.
2) For single trees, the protection zone is 5 meters from the vertical projection of the crown, or 20 times of the diameter of the trunk.
(2) In the protected area, the surface soil and surface elevation are forbidden to be moved or changed. No buildings, structures, overhead (or buried) power grids, or all kinds of transit pipelines should be built, except protecting and strengthening facilities; vines winding around ancient trees should not be planted.
(3) Do not set up objects in the vicinity of ancient and famous trees shadowing them; do not emit pollutants which are harmful for the ancient trees.
(4) Protection levels of ancient and famous trees:
The ancient and famous trees are divided into two levels. The trees which are 300 years and older, or which are rare or special, and of great historical value, or carrying important scientific research value, belong to level 1; the others belong to level 2.
For the level 1 ancient trees, the following work should be done:
1) Sending the material for archiving to the urban construction department of national, provincial, municipal level.
2) Building fences for the ancient trees; the fences should be set at least 2 meters from the tree trunks. If this standard cannot be met at some specific places, the fences should be able to prevent people from touching the tree trunk. Plant clover and other legumes inside the fences to keep the soil moist and air permeable. Water the trees properly according to the species.
3) Since old trees have been growing in the same place for a long time, the soil fertility will decline. Fertilize the trees according to the soil element contents. Prune the trees properly. Check for pests and diseases regularly. Use integrated control measures and use safe, efficient, low toxicity pesticides and new technology instead of highly toxic pesticides.
Ancient and famous trees, level 2:
1) The archives of the level 2 old trees are kept by local urban construction, landscape and scenic spots regulatory institutions. A copy should be sent to the provincial and municipal construction department.
2) Since old trees have been growing in the same place for a long time, the soil fertility will decline. Fertilize the trees according to the soil element contents. Prune the trees properly. Check for pests and diseases regularly. Use integrated control measures and use safe, efficient, low toxicity pesticides and new technology instead of highly toxic pesticides.
5.4 Repair process and feasibility analysis
5.4.1 Repair process
Under the “Technical Specifications on Old Building Maintenance and Strengthening” requirement, we stick to the principles of “focusing on protection and timely rescue; focusing on rational use; and strengthening management”, and to the repairing principles of using “original design, original material and original techniques”, trying not to change the historic forms and conditions and ensure the authenticity of cultural relics. The following renovation plan is proposed:
(1) Buildings
1) Major repairs:
Buildings with sinking foundations, or serious slope of columns, broken wood frames should have major repairs by lowering down the main beam and then restore its original form.
2) Roof renovation:
Less damaged buildings will have their roof tiles removed and bad beams replaced, and then the roofs will be renovated.
3) Complete restoration work:
There are some buildings in the Kong Family Mansion which have been transformed beyond recognition. For example, in the West Wing-room (Xixianfang), the drains inside are in a mess, the original adobe walls are on a verge of collapse, its humid inside, and the column walls and beams are serious rotten. These buildings should be completely restored in accordance with the original design at the original site.
4) Demolition:
Some of the expanded buildings have severely affected the cultural landscape in the protected area. For example, after the buildings along Kongfuxi Lu were used by Confucius Mansion Hotel, the hotel buildings have been expanded, including a kitchen and its basement, etc. Such buildings shall be fully removed. After the removal, archaeological excavation should be carried out to see if there are ancient building foundations under the site.
5) Internal environment and other issues:
Walls—Repair the walls of exiting courtyards. For yards with the walls torn down, original forms of walls should be built to restore the original privacy of ancient courtyards. It is also a safety measure for the courtyards.
Greening: Taking care of existing trees and flowers within the courtyard. Trim the trees annually to prevent the long branches from damaging the buildings. Replace dead trees with the same species.
Paths and ground in courtyards: Renovate paths and ground in courtyards.
5.4.2 Repair process and feasibility analysis
The proposed project is located in cultural heritage protection areas, and it is a conservation construction project. In these areas, most of the relics are famous historical and cultural relics with a long history. But due to economic, technical and management problems, some of the relics have been lack of protection and are seriously damaged, some are no longer in existence. These relics must be restored. The renovation program of this project will follow the following principles or rules:
(1) The renovation program will be carried out under the direction of related laws and regulations, and under the consent of heritage protection authorities. We will stick to the principles of “focusing on protection and timely rescue; focusing on rational use; and strengthening management”, and to the repairing principles of using “original design, original material and original techniques”, trying not to change the historic forms and conditions and ensure the authenticity of cultural relics.
(2) The planning of maintenance of ancient buildings will be based on the information provided by the cultural heritage bureaus. The objects which need maintenance will be discussed. Each of these items will be reviewed and approved according to standards of repairing ancient buildings. Meanwhile, the maintenance and reinforcement of ancient buildings must be based on the structural reliability identification. Each identified damage should be properly dealt with according to its seriousness. The damages that significantly affect the safety of the structure should be immediately reinforced. In addition, the ancient forms and styles should be clarified on-site to draw maps and blueprints for the maintenance program. The existing material and structures should be dealt with carefully. Try to keep or reuse existing structures. If it is necessary to replace the wood components, the new components should carry marks of the date of replacement. Plans of the heritage restoration project should be compiled by professional organizations, and should be approved by local government and the cultural relics management department of a higher level.
(3) According to the “Technical Specifications on Maintenance and Reinforcement of Ancient Wooden Buildings”, the repair work should be carried out after the buildings have been carefully surveyed. If an emergency occurs to a building that needs immediate repair, non-damaging approaches can be used for temporary reinforcement.
(4) As heritage protection work has its own characteristics, the restoration work should be done by experienced local construction teams, whose qualifications should be verified by related authorities. According to the survey of the protected areas, the cultural relics have experienced several major repairs. The local workers have extensive experiences in repairing ancient buildings and other cultural relics, so they are qualified for this project.
Based on the above conditions, the proposed rehabilitation program of project are all controllable. The proposed repairing or restoring work is necessary and reasonable.
5. 5 Management and monitoring of cultural relics
1. Cultural relics Management
The construction sites are scattered in a wide region of the project area. Due to the serious shortage of funds from local governments, the incompleteness of administrative agencies, and incomplete administration measures, some of the local cultural relics department is not clear with their responsibilities of cultural relics protection and management, a fact that needs improvement. A project management and monitoring system will be established based on “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics”.
The management bodies of the proposed project includes the project office, the Cultural Heritage Bureau of Shandong province and local government, with the work directly supervised and coordinated by the Cultural Heritage Bureau of Shandong province. The local governments and their cultural departments will develop management regulations and principles, and implement the specific measures on the heritage conservation work in the administrative areas. Specifically, their responsibility include the preparation of conservation planning, clear criteria and priorities for protection, classifications of protective measures, and integrate the protection plan with the national economic and social development plan, and land use plan and urban and rural development plan of local governments (above the county level) .
2. Heritage supervision
Non-moveable cultural objects in these areas should be declared as cultural relics protection units based on its historical, artistic and scientific value. Establish protection zones and implement relevant provisions of protection and management in accordance with “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics” and “The Enforcement Regulations of Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics”. Description of the cultural relics should include the name of conservation unit, the core zone, the buffer zone, protection agencies and so on. In addition, the local government should create archives about the protected relics, and send relevant documents and reports to the Cultural Heritage Bureau of Shandong province, and establish dynamic high-tech information systems and early warning systems when it becomes necessary and possible. Carry out routine maintenance and supervisions of the cultural relics, and keep a log of the activity. When potential risks exist for cultural relics, the protection agency should take control measures, and report to local people’s governments (above the county level) and provincial cultural relics departments.
If emergency occurred that might endanger the cultural relics, the protect institutions should immediately take necessary control measures, and report to local people’s governments (above the county level) and provincial cultural relics departments. When the provincial cultural relics department receives such reports, it should choose the proper disposition measures based on different circumstances. It is also responsible for the implementation of such measures, checking the state of emergency treatment, and making proposals for the prevention of similar incidents.
5.6 The analysis of the impact of cultural relics protection
The impact of the conservation project mainly occurs during the construction period. As it only requires a small amount of engineering, the impact is mainly restricted to the neighborhood, and the wastes it generated will cause very little effect on the external environment. The infrastructure construction on the edge or outside the ancient towns does not undermine the cultural relics itself. Actually, it will help to upgrade the social values of the heritage. Therefore, the conservation project’s positive effects will be far greater than its negative effects.
5.6.1 The positive impact of conservation projects
(1) Enhance the protection of the cultural heritage
Due to the limitations in terms of funding and technical resources in the protected areas, the mitigation measures of the heritage are not fully implemented. As a result, some cultural relics face grave dangers. The project plan to: renovate buildings with leaking and deformed beams by removing and replacing the tiles and deformed beams; renovate ancient buildings which are seriously damaged such as Laoshi Fu (The Old Ten Houses) and Sifu (Four Houses); strengthen the protection of some valuable stone tablets; implement systematic and comprehensive cultural environment improvement programs surrounding the cultural heritage, and improve the coherence between the environment and heritage itself to display a complete Confucian culture to the world. By using the World Bank funds for the conservation of the heritages of Confucius and Mencius, the cultural protection work will be greatly enhanced, and the valuable material and spiritual wealth can be passed on to future generations. .
(2) Improve infrastructure construction in the ancient cities
Most parts of the ancient city of the Ming dynasty and the Lu state, and the ancient town of Zouxian have disappeared. Through this project, a large number of surviving monuments, ruins will be excavated and recovered. It will also improve the environment of the ancient towns, especially the water systems to reproduce their ancient styles. On the other hand, it will improve deteriorated buildings in the neighborhood of Confucius Temple, Confucius Mansion, and the Cemetery of Confucius family. Other measures include: constructing supporting infrastructure and improve sanitation conditions; improving the living standard of local residents; improving the relevance of surrounding buildings with the Confucian culture; meeting the demand of local residents to improve the local infrastructure and living conditions. By improving and renovating the infrastructure in ancient town, and neighborhood redevelopment demonstration projects, the urban environment will improve, and the city’s service function will be enhanced. The overall quality of the city will also be improved. Such measures have significant effect on improving the living environment and promoting social security and stability.
(3) Sustainable development of heritage conservation
The project will enhance the level of cultural protection, promote the development, and upgrade the image of the ancient cities. With the upgrading of the overall level of Qufu and Zoucheng, the cities’ attraction will also be improved. These cases of development will become models for the development other ancient towns. The project can promote the development of urban services and the integration of these two cities.
5.6.2 Negative impact of the project
1. Pollution control measures during construction (including construction outside the heritage area)
The impact of constructions can be viewed from two aspects: the construction program in the heritage area and its impact on the surrounding, and the constructions outside the heritage area and their impacts on the cultural relics. Soil erosion and landscape impact analysis is included in the part about external effects on the heritage.
(1) Emissions
Impact on cultural relics:
Cultural relics protective measures included in the project are the maintenance, repair or renovation of ancient buildings, paints, stone monuments, traditional roads, old trees, gardens, etc. The work will be mainly manual work. The use of machinery is extremely rare. The main emissions are dust, odor generated by spraying paints, and a small amount of exhaust gases from the machinery. The paints used will be made of natural materials like mineral and plant pigments. The operating area is quite limited, and the emissions will be diluted and distributed naturally. The construction site and roads will be cleaned and sprayed regularly to reduce dust emissions.
External construction:
The construction sites of the restoration of ancient residential areas in the ancient city of the Ming dynasty and the ancient town of Zoucheng are at least 500 meters from the cultural heritage sites, so the dust has little impact on them. The constructions of roads and pipelines are near to the sites of cultural relics, so the construction dust has some impact on them. During the construction, the construction teams will make sound plans, strengthen the management of earth excavation, and set up temporary dust blocking walls on the edge of cultural relics. The small amount of abandoned soil produced during the construction will be cleared in time. By implementing these measures, the impact on the heritage will be minimized. The emission from construction equipment is temporary, and will not have any impact after the construction.
(2) Wastewater
Impact on cultural relics:
Wastewater generated during the construction of the project will be collected by the toilets near the cultural heritage sites, then dumped into the municipal sewage pipe network, and will eventually be sent to the sewage treatment plants in Qufu or Zoucheng. As the main ancient buildings in the project are wooden, there will be no wastewater produced during construction. The paints, restoration of traditional paths, and the protection of rare trees will not consume much water, and will not produce any wastewater. The restoration and renovation of stone tablets do not need water. Therefore, the project will only produce a small amount of domestic wastewater, and it will not have much impact on the environment.
External construction: For the small amount of wastewater produced by construction work, the construction units should set up temporary settling ponds to recycle it, and the sewage should be dumped into public toilets and then enter the towns’ sewage network. Arbitrary dumping of sewage water is strictly prohibited.
(3) Noise
Impacts on cultural relics:
The noises from the conservation constructions are mainly produced by construction equipment and transport vehicles. During the construction, such noises will inevitably affect the residents in the neighborhood. However, most of the work will be done manually. There are very little mechanical noise sources. Moreover, most of the restoration work will be carried out during daytime, with the help of appropriate construction technology and process by reducing vibrations and the use of large equipment, noise impact of the project is small.
External construction: Road excavation and pipeline construction outside the heritage area involves the use of vehicles and other machinery. The noise and vibration will certainly have some impact on people and cultural relics in the neighborhood. The counter-measures include keeping the construction machinery as far from the core protection sites as possible, and reducing the vibration and noise to the minimum. Arrange the progress of the construction properly to minimize the time needed.
(4) Solid waste:
Impact on cultural relics:
The solid waste from the construction is mainly produced by restoring ancient buildings and traditional paths. There will also be garbage produced by workers. The project will try to reuse the materials, so the waste from old buildings is very little. The reusable material will be sent to recycling facilities or recycled directly for the renovation. The waste and garbage will be sent to landfill site. Garbage should be piled only at designated sites, and will be cleaned regularly. It is strictly prohibited to mix it with construction waste.
Garbage and sludge cleaned up in water restoration will be sent to the local landfill; the garbage will be directly landfilled, and the sludge will be dried and then used as cover soil for landfill. After the solid waste is properly processed, it will make little impact on the environment, and the urban water environment can be beautified.
External construction:
The infrastructure construction and restoration of ancient houses will produce some solid waste. The construction teams should clean up the waste promptly, and send to the specified location assigned by the municipality. Piling up waste in the neighborhood of cultural relics protection areas is strictly prohibited to prevent dust pollution from the waste.
(5) Soil and water conservation:
The maintenance of ancient buildings, stone tablets and carvings, and old trees does not involve earth excavation. The renovation of the back garden, Nishan Hill slope protection, restoration historical paths and restoration of ancient rivers will involve a small amount of earth excavation. Excavated earth will be used for the renovation of the paths and the back garden. Basically, there will be no soil abandoned in these constructions. Nishan Hill slope protection is designed to prevent potential landslide and water and soil erosion. The material used is rugged rocks. The excavated earth will be filled back. If more material is required for the refilling, residue will be used instead of soil. The construction will be divided into several stages and sites, so each site will be finished within a short period of time. The exposed site after excavation will have prevention measures, and reduce the exposure time to reduce soil erosion. The stacking site for the small amount of abandoned soil or borrowed soil should be covered with water proofing material to prevent soil loss during the rainy season. The slopes of the soil stacks should be slight and pressed hard to prevent water erosion. Strengthen construction management, enhance the education of workers on soil and water conservation. Do not carry out construction in storms, and reduce soil erosion.
(6) The impact on the urban landscape and the heritage
The objectives of the project are to protect the cultural relics and improve the historic districts in Zoucheng and Qufu. Therefore, it will not have negative impact on the urban landscape or the cultural relics. However, if the guiding principles are not proper, or if inappropriate methods are used, the result might be disastrous to the cultural relics, bringing about irreversible damages.
The main protective measures to improve the urban landscape and protect the cultural relics include:
1) Avoid negative impacts on cultural relics in the design of engineering work for the project. Engineering design for each building should be carried out before the construction. The plan must ensure the safety and stability of old buildings. The construction of infrastructure must observe the protection boundaries. Construction within the boundaries must be approved before it starts.
2) The construction teams should make a plan for cultural relics protection together with related institutions.
During house relocation, road excavation and pipe laying works, if ancient ruins or buried cultural relics were found, the work should be immediately suspended, and special personnel should be assigned to protect the scene. The event should be reported to the authorities of the construction units. The construction unit should coordinate with heritage conservation agencies to carry out the excavation. If necessary, the pipelines can be modified to avoid the site of great archaeological value.
2. Environmental impacts during operation and mitigation measures
For the heritage itself, except a small amount of dust produced by daily maintenance, there will be no waste at all. The major problem for the cultural relics is still the corrosion caused by weathering, so routine supervision and maintenance are of key importance. The cultural relics departments or regulatory agencies should strengthen the management and monitoring of cultural relics and minimize the damages.
(1) Emissions:
After the infrastructure renovation project in the ancient city of the Ming dynasty and Zoucheng, central heating systems will be used in the residential and commercial areas of the two cities. Hence the history of burning coal for heating will be over, which will avoid the risk of fire accidents in winter, and help improve air quality in winter. In the ancient city, the management of exhaust fume from restaurants should be strengthened. The fume must be purified and meet the standard before it can be discharged to the atmosphere.
Strengthen traffic management in the neighborhood of the project. Control traffic flow and keep normal vehicles from getting into the conservation area. In the protected areas, vehicles using clean energy will be used, thus reducing the impact of vehicle exhaust on the heritage. The report suggests that the parking lots in the ancient city of the Ming dynasty and the ancient town of Zoucheng county should be relocated in places far from the central areas of cultural relics. In the meantime, electric cars should be adopted for transportation to reduce traffic exhaust.
(2) Wastewater:
After the infrastructure in the project area is renovated, the water supply and drainage system will be revamped, with all the sewage discharged into the sewage pipe network. The sewage from reception centers and toilets will go into the newly laid sewage pipe network, and the wastewater will eventually be discharged into the municipal sewage treatment plants.
(3) Noise:
After the completion of the infrastructure reconstruction project, it is forbidden for vehicles to get into the heritage conservation area except the parking lots. The heritage sites of Confucius and Mencius do not produce noises. The main sources of noises are from management staff and tourists, or local residents. These are non-continuous sound sources. As long as the tourists can visit the place in good manners, noise will not be a big problem.
(4) Solid waste:
After the renovation project of the cultural heritage, the solid waste will mainly be waste produced by daily life, and a small amount of waste from the festivals and rituals. All the waste will be collected and sent to landfill sites.
5.6.3 Negative impact of the project and mitigation measures
Negative impact of the project and mitigation measures are listed in Table 5.6-1.
Table 5.6-1 Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Physical Cultural Resources Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Physical Cultural Resources
|No. |Periods of Project |Main Impacts |Main Mitigation Measures |Executers |Institutions in |
| |Progress | | | |Charge |
|1 |Construction period |The proposed project itself is closely related |1.The protection work of cultural heritages involved in this project must be |Contractor, |Qufu Cultural Relic |
| | |to ancient cultural relics, and is also the |implemented within the permitted scope of national relevant laws, regulations and |Qufu Cultural Relic |and Tourism Bureau, |
| | |world cultural heritage or important cultural |framework of cultural heritages protection of World Bank. |and Tourism Bureau, |Qufu City PMO, |
| | |relic site under state-level protection. |2.The cultural relic site and management agencies should supervise the outside |Zoucheng Cultural |Zoucheng Cultural |
| | |Improper measures of operation and maintenance |construction activities with the consideration of the set boundaries of protection |Relic and Tourism |Relic and Tourism |
| | |would have impacts on the protection of the |zone. Besides the engineering construction as to the protection of the cultural |Bureau |Bureau, Zoucheng City|
| | |cultural relics. In addition, the misconducts |relics , other construction activities must be carried out outside the controlling | |PMO. |
| | |of external construction activities and |boundaries of construction. During the process of reconstruction, revision and | | |
| | |construction workers behaviors can also have |rebuilding with the scope of protecting the cultural relics, the relevant agencies | | |
| | |certain impacts on the protection of cultural |should make sure that these activities must be in line with the landscape around | | |
| | |relics. |without influencing the safety of the cultural relics ,nor the activities around | | |
| | | |there. | | |
| | | |3.As for this proposed project, the infrastructure contruction of the site of Ming | | |
| | | |Dynasty and the Old City of Zoucheng should cooperate with the archeology | | |
| | | |department and obtain the permission of Shandong Municipal Government and the | | |
| | | |superior cultral relics management agency. | | |
| | | |4.The restoration and conservation plans involved in this project should be filed | | |
| | | |by specified agencies and departments. At the same time, the permission of the | | |
| | | |superior cultural relic management agency and the approvement of local municipal | | |
| | | |goernment are necessary. The repair and restoration should be completed by the | | |
| | | |experienced construction agencies whose qualifications have been verified by | | |
| | | |adminitrative departments. During the construction period of restoration and | | |
| | | |conservation, the local and mature constructive arts and crafts should be continued| | |
| | | |and the protected. | | |
| | | |5.During the process of demolition of houses, excavation of the roads and laying of| | |
| | | |the pipes, if anyone found relics, the construction should come to a halt | | |
| | | |immediately and the specified people should be appointed to protect the site and | | |
| | | |report to the responsible constructors. Each step should be taken according to the | | |
| | | |preparatory disposal scheme of the cultural relics. Relevant people should contact | | |
| | | |the conservation department of cultural relics and the archeological excavation | | |
| | | |should be carried out smoothly. When it is necessary, the design of the project and| | |
| | | |the running direction of the pipes should be revised to bypass the cultural relic | | |
| | | |site of significant archeological value. | | |
| | | |6.The protection of the ancient architectural structures themselves adopts | | |
| | | |reversible techniques and engineering mesures as to their conservation and | | |
| | | |restoration. It is suggested that the original components and traditional crafts | | |
| | | |should be given the priority during the process of restoring and repairing the | | |
| | | |ancient architectural structures without changing the their original structure and | | |
| | | |state. The repair and reinforcement of the buildings of cultural relics must be | | |
| | | |conducted under the guidance of the authentification of structural reliability and | | |
| | | |the approved standards of recovery. | | |
| | | |7.Demolish buildings which destroy the structures of the compounds in the | | |
| | | |traditional blocks, repair or rebuild the buildings which have potential danger, | | |
| | | |renovate the facilities int the courtyards and properly evacuate the population in | | |
| | | |the blocks to improve the indoorspace environment. | | |
| | | |8.Protect and manage the ancient trees and famous trees according to the classified| | |
| | | |grades. Within the protection range of the ancient and famous trees, any | | |
| | | |construction activities are forbidden except for the facilities for the aim of | | |
| | | |protecting and strengthening . | | |
| | | |9.Reinforce the management of identified cultural relic recovery agencies and | | |
| | | |exterior workers by elevating their awareness of protecting cultural relics by | | |
| | | |means of training etc. to avoid the appearance of destructuve activities. | | |
|2 |Operation Period |Due to the influences of the exterior |1.It is of great significance for the cultural relics bereaus and administration |Qufu Cultural Relic |Qufu Cultural Relic |
| | |environment, the heritages themselves would |departments to carry out the daily management, supervision and protection during |and Tourism Bureau, |and Tourism Bureau, |
| | |continue to be weathered,erosed and broken up. |the operation stage. It is crutial to adopt preventive measures in time to minimize|Zoucheng Cultural |Qufu City PMO, |
| | |In addition to that, the increase of floating |the degree of breakage by daily maintainance of waterproofing and strengthening. |Relic and Tourism |Zoucheng Cultural |
| | |population, pollutants and misconduts can also |2.Reinforce the management of floating population and set up comprehensive |Bureau |Relic and Tourism |
| | |influence the protection of the cultural |collecting and disposal system of pollutants. Avoid the pollution in landscape area| |Bureau, Zoucheng City|
| | |relics. |and damage to the cultural heritage. | |PMO. |
| | | |3.Adopt effective supervising and protective measures in response to the natural | | |
| | | |disasters. | | |
| | | |4.Reinforce the management of defined land use and function, control the | | |
| | | |constructive projects in the project area and avoid constructive damage. | | |
| | | |5.Increase the necessary facilities and signs to protect cultural relics and for | | |
| | | |turist purpose. It is helpful to standardize the tourists’ behaviors and elevate | | |
| | | |high-quality ecological environment. | | |
| | | |6.As for the ancient and famous trees, prune off the withered branches, tips and | | |
| | | |inspect the pests’ disaster on the regular basis. Comprehensive preventing measures| | |
| | | |should be taken to popularize and adopt safe, efficient, low-toxicity pesticideand | | |
| | | |new technology. Hypertoxic pesticide is forbidden. | | |
5.7 Conclusion of the Impact on Heritage Environment
The project will: carry out the restoration and protection of damaged buildings by fully maintaining the features of the Confucian cultural heritage; promote the infrastructure in the region, and carry out historical and cultural landscape constructions; extend the in-depth study of the Confucius and Mencius cultures; promote Confucianism and Mencius’ thoughts; enhance the cultural bounding of overseas Chinese people, and provide opportunities for promoting beliefs of Confucianism. The implementation of the project should focus on promoting Confucianism. The repair and renovation projects should keep the characteristics of ancient architectures. The construction will inevitably cause some impacts on the protected area, so protective measures should be taken to prevent any negative impact on the management staff of the descendants of Confucius and Mencius. After the project, the environment will not receive any further significant impact, and all sources of pollutants will be dealt with, and the environmental quality will be greatly improved. Based on the current situation of the Confucian cultural heritage site, national policy support, and environmental protection, the implementation of this project is necessary and feasible.
6 Technical Demonstration of Environmental Mitigation measures
6.1 Technical Demonstration of Environmental Mitigation measures
Based on engineering analysis, the main environmental management measures taken during the project construction and operation are illustrated in Table 6.1-1 and Table 6.1-2.
Table 6.1-1Main environmental control measures taken during the construction period of the project
|Project |Environmental mitigation measures taken |Expected results |
|Categories | | |
|Wastewater |Wastewater generated during project construction will be collected by the |No discharge of sewage water |
| |cultural heritage sites or the toilets nearby, then discharged into the |outside the network |
| |municipal sewage pipe network, and will eventually be sent to the sewage | |
| |treatment plants in Qufu or Zoucheng. For the small amount of wastewater | |
| |produced by the construction of roads and infrastructures, the construction | |
| |units should set up temporary settling tanks to recycle it, and the sewage | |
| |should be discharged into the municipal sewage network through the public | |
| |toilets along the roads in downtown area. Arbitrary dumping of sewage water | |
| |and wastewater nearby cultural relics preservation units is strictly | |
| |prohibited. | |
|Ecology |The construction is so designed that it alters the existing natural terrain |Slightly affected |
| |as little as possible. Large-scale digging and filling will be avoided. The | |
| |damage to the surface soil layer will be limited to the minimum. Project | |
| |construction will be subject to strict monitoring and damage to the | |
| |vegetation beyond project planning should be avoided. Planting will be | |
| |carried out together with the construction, so the land will not be left | |
| |bare. | |
|Solid wastes |During construction, the building materials that can be recycled will be sent|All wastes will be disposed |
| |to recycling facilities or reused directly at the construction sites. The |safely following hygienic |
| |rest of them will be disposed together with construction wastes from other |standards, with little impact |
| |areas. Garbage should be piled at designated sites only, and will be cleaned |on the surrounding |
| |regularly. It is strictly prohibited to mix it with construction waste. |environment. |
| |Garbage and sludge cleaned out during water restoration will be sent to the | |
| |local refuse treatment plant; the garbage will be directly landfilled, and | |
| |the sludge will be dried by airing and then used as cover soil for the refuse| |
| |treatment plant. | |
|Noise |Noise generated by equipment is to be reduced; Construction timing is to be |The project has certain impact|
| |appropriately arranged; Layout of construction sites is to be appropriately |on major sensitive sites in |
| |managed: Noisy equipment are to be put as far as possible away from sensitive|the neighborhood, which will |
| |areas; Man-made noise is to be minimized; Temporary sound barriers are to be |disappear upon completion of |
| |established; Traffic noise is to be reduced. |the construction. |
|Exhaust gas is |Construction will be carried out in enclosed manner with fine meshes |Slightly affected |
|to be isolated |(specification: 2000 mesh/100cm2) that are recognized by relevant | |
|with walls over |authorities after checking and measuring; Construction will be suspended in | |
|3 meters high |windy days, and the roads on the construction site will be sprinkled | |
|around the |frequently to minimize dust; Vehicles carrying materials and garbage will be | |
|construction |covered and reinforced in accordance with relevant provisions. | |
|site; | | |
Table 6.1-2 The main environmental management measures taken during the operation of the project
|Project categories |Environmental mitigation measures taken |Expected results |
|Wastewater |Rain water and sewage in the project area are recycled separately. |It will be discharged into surface |
| |Sewage is collected and discharged into municipal sewage pipe network|water systems after satisfying |
| |and then processed in wastewater treatment plant. |relevant standards. |
|Ecology |Compensatory measures will be taken to build green belts surrounding |It strives to achieve better biomass|
| |the project area, green lands, gardens and street trees within the |in the limited green areas for |
| |project area. |compensation planting. |
|Solid wastes |Garbage will be collected by the city’s sanitation department for |All wastes will be disposed safely |
| |disposal. |following hygienic standards, with |
| | |little impact on the surrounding |
| | |environment. |
|Groundwater |Groundwater conservation measures will be taken together with |Negative impact on groundwater is |
| |appropriate environmental mitigation measures to manage wastewater |very little. |
| |and solid wastes. | |
|Noise |Vehicles are prohibited to enter the project area other than the |Noise in residential areas will meet|
| |vehicle lanes; no honking allowed. Noises produced in daily life will|the relevant standards. |
| |be strictly controlled. Dance halls and video halls will be | |
| |prohibited in using high noise equipments and will be advised to | |
| |adopt sound insulation and absorption measures, and their business | |
| |hours will be restricted; Noise isolation belts will be constructed; | |
|Exhaust gas |Central heating will be adopted; Pipeline natural gas will be used in|Exhaust gas will meet relevant |
| |cooking; Range hoods with mechanical exhaust and fume filters will be|standards and has little environment|
| |used; Parking sites will be set in the boundary area of the project. |impact |
From Table 6. 1-1and Table 6.1-2 we can see that the noise, solid wastes and air pollution control measures that will be taken in this project are mature and effective, which meet the basic environmental protection standards.
6.2 Technical demonstration of waste water treatment measures
6.2.1wastewater treatment measures
6.2.1.1 water environment protection during construction period
Benefit from construction of sedimentation tanks,industrial wastewater could be recycled after being disposed problely.this part of investment can be brought into the investment of project environmental protection,sanitation and water supply and drainage project,not environmental proteciton investment any more.
Construction workers should make use of the original living facilities in scenic zone.the collected wastewater would be drained into urban sewage treatment plant.
Construction site should be managed to keep construction yard and the piling surface of earth-rock grading,decreasing the volume of earth-rock be put into the river nearby.
Construction materials involving waterway mangement should be forbidden to pile up at the river bank,preventing materials from going into waterbody along with the rainwater.spoils produced by construction shoreside should be cleaned timely to prevent going into the river.construction involving slope protection should be managed and regulated to prevent slag charge going into the river.Rivercourse desilting should be done by labour and the sullage should be piled up together at hollow.
6.2.1.2water environment protection during operation period
After the project is constructed and get into operation period,wastewater which come from domestic sewage produced by tourist and workers in scenic zone would be drained to public toilets or disposed by sewage treatment plants constructed by the project,then be totally used for greening,it is forbidden to drain outside.sewage sludge would be drew out to municipal refuse disposal area.
6.2.2 City sewage treatment plant
6.2.2.1 Qufu
Qufu Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant is located on the north bank of the Yihe river, east side of the western outer ring road, which covers an area of 15 hectares. Its processing capacity is 40,000m3/ d, the current processing volumn is 34,000m3/d, and has 6,000m3/ d surplus capacity. The plant adopts the NPRprocess, with the processed water meeting the Level 1-A standards in the “municipal wastewater treatment plant emission standards “(GB18918-2002) . After sewage network is completed in the proposed project area, the additional wastewater discharged into the sewage treatment plant will be 3000m3/d, less than the surplus treatment capacity of said plant. The current capacity of the existing sewage treatment plant can meet the requirements of the project area wastewater treatment needs.
6.2.2.2Zoucheng
Zoucheng Sewage Treatment Plant is located at West Ring Road 518 (the southern end of this road) and covers an area of 125mu. Its wastewater treatment capacity is 80,000 m3/d. With a total investment of RMB 155.54 million, the construction of the plant began in 1999, and began to operate on May 18, 2002 after it passed the compliance inspection by the provincial environmental protection departments. This sewage treatment plant adopts the Oberle oxidation ditch process, and has a treatment capacity of 62,500m3/d, with a surplus capacity of 17,500 m3/d. The quality of processed water meets the “municipal wastewater treatment plant emission standards “(GB18918-2002) Level 1-A standards. After sewage network is completed in the proposed project area, the additional wastewater discharged into the sewage treatment plant will be 1500 m3/d, less than the surplus treatment scale of the plant. Current capacity of the existing sewage treatment plant can meet the requirements of the project area wastewater treatment needs.
Therefore, Qufu and Zhoucheng’s municipal sewage treatment plants can fully meet the requirements for wastewater treatment for both cities and the project area. The sewage from the project area is mainly domestic wastewater, whose quality will not impact the operation of the sewage treatment plants.
6.2.2.3 Sewage treatment stations
As Menglin is not included in sewage disposal systems.The proposed project will construct sewage pipeline network and sewage treatment facilities in view of the necessary to upgrade the overall sanitation level in the project areas. Based on the current local population and the anticipation of its long-term development, the capacity of the wastewater treatment station is designed to be 60m3 /d. The station adopts secondary biological treatment and disinfection treatment processes, and the sewage processed will reach “urban wastewater treatment plant emission standards “GB18918-2002 level 1-A standards. The processed water will be reused for greening water.
Since the project disposes domestic sewage mainly and its capacity is low.so the treatment technology of biological(A2/O) integration would be adopted to remove organic pollutant and ammonia nitrogen.The process: at A degree step,because of the high concentration of organism and anaerobic microorganisms,organic nitrogen would be decomposed into NH3-N and NO2-N、NO3-N into N2 using organic carbon as electron donor,futhermore new cell substances would be composed by organic carbon and NH3-N.So A degree pool would not only have removal function of organism alleviating the organic load of aerobic pool next in favor of nitrification,but also avoid nitrc eutrophication ultimately by high concentration of organism making for denitrification in raw water.
At O degree step, although the concentration of organism have decreased substantially,but a certain amount of organism and NH3-N still exist.In order to make the organism oxidate further and nitrification can carry on after carbonization,aerobic microorganism at low organic load would be put into the pool.So there will be aerobic microorganisms and autotrophic organisms(nitrifier),aerobic microorganisms decompose the organism into CO2 and H2O,while the other transform NH3-N into NO2-N,NO3-N utilizing inorganic carbon decomposed by organism or CO2 in the air as nutrient sources.The water from O degree pool would be back to A degree,it would eliminate nitrogen pollutants by denitrification through affording electron acceptor for A degree pool.
Because waste water treatment of biological (A2/O) integration is simple and occupy small area of few buildings,operation management is simple and convenient. It is feasible that sewage treatment of tourist center at Menglin adopt this facilities.
6.3 Technical demonstration of waste gas treatment measures
6.3.1 Basic principles
Through the adoption of air pollution control measures, the air pollutants emitted to the environment will meet the volume control requirements and the current emissions standards. After being diluted, the air in the project areas will meet the environmental quality standards. In addition, the measures adopted should be technically feasible and economically sound.
6.3.2 Pollution prevention
6.3.2.1 construction period
At the focus excavation area,sprinkling at no rain day is necessary to accelerate dust sedimentation ,to dwindle the time and rang of impact by dust.
Cement should be sealed off in transportation,so as not to be polluted by dust.
Liquid asphalt should be bought to avoid the lampblack pollution from boiling and whisking of solid asphalt.
Vehicles for transportation should be installed purifier to ensure the tail gas reach the emission standard.
Administration of scenic area should maintain the roads clean and keep operation condition good.
Greening of the roads should be done to decrease the dust by planting street trees.
Concrete should be used,construction should be sealed off.Construction waste should be swing by airtight package,throwing is forbidden.
Surrounding facilities should be built at the piling area of earth and stone and construction materials(such as cement and stones).
Vehicles which transport earth and stone and construction waste should be enveloped to get out.
6.3.2.2 Operation period
The control of air pollutants in the project areas mainly depends on source control, which can eliminate the production of atmospheric pollutants from the very beginning. The four main measures taken are:
(1) Heating in the project areas mainly comes from the thermo-power plant, without air pollutants being produced.
(2) Fuel used by the project is mainly liquefied petroleum gas, which is clean fuel with low emissions.
(3) With strengthened supervision and restrictions on vehicle’s access to the protected cultural heritage areas, vehicle emissions will be reduced to minimum.
(4) The means of transport in the project areas are mainly electromobile, which does not generate exhaust gas.
(5) Surrounding Green should be enhanced at parking lot and utility area, impact of air pollution to environmen would be decreased by barrier and absorption of vegetation.
(6)Lampblack from restaurants should be disposed by purifier,then discharged throgh tunnel at housetop.
(7)Management of vehicles should be intensified to control the vehicles entering the scenic area.The vehicles which belong to scenic area should be implemented the mobile tail gas emission standard and be checked regularly.Traffic leading at rush hour should be enhanced to avoid tail gas emission due to heavy traffic.
6. 3.3 Feasibility analysis
Technical requirements on air pollution prevention in the project areas are relatively low, but with satisfactory results, which are easily met and will effectively reduce the production and emission of air pollutants.
6.4 Technical demonstration of solid wastes treatment measures
6.4.1 construction period
The spoils and construction wastes should be recycled and backfilled.Wastes which cannot be recycled should be piled up a appropriate site,meanwhile blocking and preventing measures should be done to aviod water and soil erosion and environment pollution.
The original wastes collection facilities in scenic area should be made full use of or simple domestic wastes collection facilities be set up.Domestic wastes from construction workers should be collected and treated by the original wastes treatment plant.Domestic wastes should not be put everywhere by education to construction workers.
6.4.2 operation period
Domestic wastes generated by the project will be collected and transported by the sanitation department to the municipal refuse treatment plant.
Domestic wastes from Qufu project area will be disposed at Jining municipal refuse treatment plant, which is located at Beinao village Liying county of Rencheng district in Jining city, 10km to the project. The plant could burn 36.51×104t wastes, with recycle fluidized bed waste burn furnace of 3×500t/d and condensing turbine generator unit of 2×15MW.Because Qufu city locates at the waste collection extent of this plant,all the domestic wastes would be treated there.
Domestic wastes from Zoucheng project area will be disposed by Zoucheng municipal refuse treatment plant, which had a total investment of 80 million and is the largest county-level harmless waste disposal plant in southwestern part of Shandong Province. The plant locating at Jiawa village Yishan county of Zoucheng was constructed at 2007 with capacity of 178.96×104m3,about 10km away from the city and covering an area of 450 mu. All domestic wastes will be landfilled in a harmless manner,the leachate would be treated by composited organism turnplate and low pressure reverse osmosis technology. The capacity is 500t/d with a designed life of 25 years.This project locates at the service extent of the plant,all wastes could be treated there.
City wastes will be collected by residents in garbage bags and directly put into the dustbins nearby their residence, which will be collected by refuse trucks and sent to the refuse transfer stations; Wastes from public places, those generated by mobile population, as well as the refuse and dusts from street sweeping will be collected by the cleaners and sent to the refuse transfer stations in their cleaning trolleys, and then transported to the refuse landfill sites in sealed garbage container trucks directly.
During operation of the project, limited amount of wastes will be mainly generated by mobile population as well as project management staff and business people, which will be collected by designated district sanitation departments to guarantee the clean and tidy appearance of the city, and ensure thorough cleaning and proper disposal.
6.5 Ecological conservation and economic-technical demonstrations
6.5.1Prevent measures for exotic species
Lots of cases have existed at home and abroad that exotic species spread widely at an area.So,it is necessary to pay attention to import exotic species.One hand,diseases and pests holded or catched easily by exotic species should be kept an eye on,other hand,it is necessary to pay attention to growth and extend of the exotic species and its impact to local original species.
To the affect of exotic species, Preventive measures should be stressed, we should establish the conception of food safety and ecological security, perfect the methods of quarantining and recognizing introduction species, enhancesupervisory control and management of exotic species induing and build up the information bank and early warning system of exotic species.Besides,we should establish consciousness of preventing the biological invasion,change the conception of exotic tree and grass species be better than the native species,make full use of the native species to revegetation,regenerating the original natural vegetation.
When the construction of revegetation encounter the habitat or breeding places of animals or birds, a distance should be kept.Encountering rare species, in situ protection should be adopted,disturbing its living environment is forbidden,not to mention hunting.In order to protect the specific species,forbiding human disturbing or cultivating at its habitat and round enclosing measure should be adopted.
6.5.3 Operation period
In order to decrease the destroy of landscape and vegetation caused by construction workers,a note boards should be installed on the constructing field indicating the area under construction,forbidding construction workers going to the area not under construction.This part of investment could be put into the investment of the project identification system,not necessary to line alone.
To the field occupied by construction temparily, cultivated mellow soil on the surface which have been put aside should be leveled again to recovering the original surface,when complete construction.A revegetation plan should be made to the bed mud piled up,if greening the mud in time,it not only prevent water and soil erosion by winds and rains,but also in favor of vegetation growth,environment protection and avoiding riverway silting-up.Revegetation and greening investment could be put into this investment of environment greening project,not necessary to line alone.
During the construction,publicity and education of ecological protection to construction workers and local residents should be intensified,so that it can alleviate the affect of construction to land animals and plants through forbiding construction workers to kill animals.The investment of ecological conservation publicity and education could be put into this environment protection training of environmental management plan,not necessary to line alone.
Disposal of construction field should be adjusted and optimized timely according to the surrounding protected area during construction period,so that construction field could be disposed compactly and reasonably to apart from residential areas and ecological sensitive regions.
According the different conditions of construction,we should use advanced technology and methods to controll or reduce the affects and destroy to the landscape and local vegetation caused by excavation works during construction period.
The original forest landscape and rural tourism should be protected as well as possible in contruction area,and the architectural style of facilities should be in accordance with local natural landscape.The linear projects should be designed from aesthetic aspect to keep its linearity beautifully and naturally,under its design criterion and standard besides.So that,construction and natural landscape could be inosculated as a whole.
To sum up,ecological mitigation measures including engineering prevention, vegetation restoration and off-site ecological compensation are taken in the project areas. Timely restoration and compensation will be conducted during construction and operation periods.Eco-environment management will be implemented upon completion of the project. Trees, shrubs and hedges will be coordinated in the project areas to optimize ecosystem structure, enhance its ecosystem services and ecological effects, while adopting vegetation restoration to compensate for those destroyed and control invasive alien organisms. These are conventional measures in terms of construction techniques, which require the construction units to give adequate attention, seriously implement them and strengthen management. It is feasible to fully achieve ecological protection purposes.
6.6 Technical demonstration of noise pollution control measures
6.6.1 basic principles
Noise management in the project areas depends on source control. Effective noise insulation, elimination, and sound absorption and other measures should be taken for the noises that are unable to be controlled from source.
6. 6.2 Construction period
Construction should be arranged reasonably to avoid working at night.
Construction that has to be done at night should be noticed to surrounding residents the allotted time of construction at night,and invite residents to supervise and forgive.
Noise pollution should be decreased by reducing runtime of equipments together in construction,and vehicles in and out should be forbidden to honk.
Equipments of low noise or with arrester and muffer should be choosen as far as possible.
Vehicles in and out shoud be limited speed,maintenance of the equipments and transport vehicles should be enhanced.
6.6.3 Noises Protection During Operation
Vibration reduction and isolation is the main management of noises which produced by water pump of polluted water disposal station.To the noises produced by traffics,high velocity and sound was limitted.Green belts of ecological benefits and reducing the noise pollution should be built up beside the road earlier.Measures of sound isolation,absorption and vibration reduction to the architecture design is adopted to the community noises in the project area.Such measures as enhancing management,sound reduction etc,are traditional and effective.Other measures are practical on technology and reasonable on economy.
6.7 Social Environment
According to removal and settling policy and compensation of local and national government, the villagers whose lands were expropriated and houses were removed should be given reasonable compensation and relocation,while the work should be carried through by listenning the emigrations’ attitude,so that emigrations’ work and life conditions should not be lower than level of existence,their housing area should be enlarged and communal facilities completed.
Managers and builders should be educated and culitivated to their consciousness of cultural relic protection,then they would inform the local cultural relic protection agency at once,atfer finding the hide of historic landmarks and sites or ancient tombs,after that they would continue the work disposed by agency appropriately.
Capacity of tourist at rush hour should be limitted reasonably, we should develop local tourism and boost social economy,at the same time don’t destroy the cultural heritage and natural heritage，we should make use of local cultural heritage and natural heritage reasonably,sustainably and protectively.
Tourists and residents should be educated to intensifing their consciousness of cultural relic protection.behavior of throwing rubbish at will and destroying local cultural heritage and natural heritage is forbidden.
6.8 Overall assessment
Relatively thorough environment mitigation measures will be taken for the proposed project areas, and sewage will be discharged from the proposed project sewage treatment plant (station) after satisfying relevant standards; central heating will replace small coal-fired boilers in the region; noise control and solid wastes treatment measures are practical, effective and economical. The overall environmental protection technologies are economically sound and technically feasible.
7. Analysis on Alternatives
Analysis of Alternatives is made from three levels: the first is the with and without option analysis, and the second is the comparison of different locations of the project, the third is the comparison of technical option of different environmental mitigation measures.
7.1 with and without option Analysis
Option I: The Option of Shandong Provincial Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage Site Preservation and Development Project.
Option II: No project option, which is a zero option.
The analysis comparison and comparison conclusion between the above mentioned two options can be seen in Table 7.1.1 as follows:
Table 7.1-1 the Analysis Comparison and Conclusion Analysis between Having and Not Having Project Construction Option
| |Option I（To implement this Project） |Option II（Zero Option） |
|Advantage |(1) It can carry out scientific and rational preservation |(1) It can be in a relatively conservative |
| |and development of cultural heritage resources in the |conditions, to maintain the original status of the|
| |areas related to the project construction under the |regional cultural heritage, to avoid the |
| |concept of World Bank. |irrational destruction of valuable cultural |
| |(2) To improve environmental conditions of the project |heritage resources; |
| |area, improve people's living standards, to speed up |(2)It can maintain the status of the regional |
| |poverty alleviation of the old urban area in the project, |environment and land use, to avoid adverse |
| |so as to promote sustainable tourism development in |environmental impact during the project |
| |Shandong Province. |construction and operation period; |
| |(3) It also conforms to the Master Plan for the | |
| |development scenic spots and cultural relics preservation | |
| |area and tourism development, etc., so it is an important | |
| |step to realize the tourism development in Shandong | |
| |(4)To create conditions for developing tertiary industry | |
| |and improving the economic structure: | |
| |(5)It is a need to develop a new urban area and build up a| |
| |harmonious society: | |
| |(6) Since this project specially focus on the principles | |
| |of social justice, most of the public surveyed have | |
| |expressed their support for the construction of project. | |
| |Therefore, the construction of the project comply with the| |
| |basic aspiration of the general public: | |
| |(7)It can be through the improvement of mitigation | |
| |measures to mitigate adverse environmental impact, which | |
| |may be generated from activities of project-related | |
| |construction and other regional development and | |
| |construction. | |
|Disadvantage |(1)During the construction period, it could generate a few|(1) The cultural heritage changing trends: not |
| |amount of dust, waste (polluted) water, noise and solid |conducive to the rational development of cultural |
| |waste, etc. It can affect to certain extent the surface |heritage; no further inheritance and development |
| |vegetation, the status of construction sites and |(2)Socio-economic changing trends: It increases |
| |landscape, thus cause some water and soil erosion; |pressure on social development, and can not get |
| |(2)The project will permanently occupy the partial lands, |optimized economic structural adjustment and be |
| |change the way of using them. In road transport operation,|difficult to show the advantage of cultural |
| |it could produce noise and atmospheric pollutants, which |heritage resources; The infrastructure can not be |
| |creates certain impact to the peripheral environment. |improved; |
| |(3) During operation of the project, it can bring up some |(3) Environmental quality changing trends: The |
| |problems of tourists: the tourists may produce some impact|environment in the project area will further |
| |on the local culture to some extent, so that the local |deteriorate as the pressure increases. |
| |culture tends to commercialization; the inappropriate | |
| |behavior of tourists could generate some impact on | |
| |regional cultural heritage resources, and even course some| |
| |damage; At the same time, the increased visitors will have| |
| |produce a series of environmental problems, and pose a | |
| |threat to regional environmental carrying capacity. | |
Continue 7.1-1
|Comparison |The implementation of this project can promote Shandong cultural heritage protection and the work of poverty|
| |alleviation and rapid development of tourism with the help of World Bank concept, so as to create a new |
| |image and positive influence of Shandong in the World. As for some short term disadvantages cropped up in |
| |the process of the implementation of the project, it can be avoided or mitigated through the implementation |
| |of environmental management plans. Therefore, it is recommended using the Option I. |
| |After adopting the second option, though it will not produce the adverse environmental impacts owing to the |
| |project construction, but the relatively backward infrastructure in the long run could still be not |
| |improved, which is not helpful in the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage, and is not conducive |
| |to local economic development and the improvement of living standards, so it is not recommended the Option |
| |II |
As it can be seen from the above Table: although the implementation of this project in the project construction and operation will produce some environmental impacts, but these impacts are limited in terms of time or space. These impacts can be eliminated or minimized through taking various measures, thus it will not cause adverse effects to the regional environment in a large-scale. From long run, the construction of this project could change in the project area the status of tourism, improve the quality of life of local residents and promote the sustainable development of tourism industry in Shandong Province as a whole. It is also in line with the aspiration of majority of the public. Therefore, this assessment holds that the construction of this project is positive and effective.
7.2 Comparison and Selection of Project Site
During the designing process for the main contents of the construction of this project, the Designing Units, after collecting comprehensive information materials of the region regarding to the construction of these complete project, it has tried to take a comprehensive consideration as far as possible on the environmental status of construction areas of various sub-project and own characteristics of the project. Then, it has recommended a most scientific and rational site-location option from among various options. For instance, the construction site of Garbage Collection Station at Mencius Cemetery and Xishantou Village:
The Option I: The site of the Option I will be located at the west side of Xishantou Village under the slope of Mencius Cemetery. According to the historic record, Xishantou Village is an ancient village, which was formed by the graveyard keepers, the descendants of Mencius. So it has a very special interdependence with the Mencius Cemetery, and will be jointly developed and rehabilitated to some extent in the project. The foundation of the selected project site is in good conditions, just located at mid area between Mencius Cemetery and Xishantou Village. After completion of the project construction, it will be easy to collect garbage and transport them in a short distance. So, it will produce minor impact on the surrounding environment during the construction and operation periods.
Option II: The site of Option II is located within Mencius Cemetery. This option is located on low mountain slopes, and need to fell some trees, thus will lead to destruction of vegetation, biomass reduction, and likely to cause water and soil erosion during the project construction period and upon completion. In addition, the project area is a bit far from the Xishantou Village, and the transport distance is longer, not easy for garbage collection and transport; Since Mencius Cemetery is the national cultural heritage site, and the project supposed to be constructed here will inevitably generate certain impact on the environment and cultural relics conservation, and in particular, it will provide relatively bigger impact on the surrounding environment during the construction and operation periods.
Comparison Conclusion: From an environmental protection point of view, it is recommended adopting Option I.
7.3 Comparison and Selection of Technical Solutions of Different Environmental Mitigation measures
7.3.1 Drainage
In view of the mixed up drainage system for the rainwater and sewage at present, there are two main options for upgrading the old urban area: One is to adopt intercepting form and combined diversion system of rainwater and sewage, and the other one is system separating rainwater from sewage.
Option I: The Intercepting Form and Combined Diversion System
Due to the large investment in transforming the Combined Diversion System into the Separation Effluent System and the difficulty of construction, it is not easy to realize in a short time. That is why the current reform of old combined system will often adopt the Intercepting Form and Combined Diversion System. For this option, it will use the existing pipeline network system to determine the interception ratio properly according to river water quality requirements and local economic conditions. Then, the intercepting trunk pipes for sewage emission will be laid along the riverside. The sewage will be all intercepted and sent to the Sewage Treatment Plant on sunny days, while a part of sewage and rainwater of early period on rainy days will be collected and sent to the Sewage Treatment Plant, and the rest of sewage and rainwater will overflow into the water body of the river.
The main advantage of this option:
(1) It has less engineering works of construction and investment, and can achieve significant environmental benefit in a relatively short time;
(2) It can fully use self-purification capacity of natural water body and has relatively obvious advantage in the area of economically underdeveloped and less demanding river water quality.
The main drawback of this option:
(1) The Intercepting Form and Combined Diversion System can not eliminate the pollution of water body, and will generate relatively a greater negative impact on the water quality on the lower reaches of the river.
(2) While designing the sewage intercepting trunk pipes, it must consider the appropriate interception ratio, thus it inevitably increase the diameter of intercepting trunk pipes and depth of pipes laying underground, and lead to a increased investment in trunk pipes. On the other hand, it results in the radical fluctuation of quality and quantity of the water entering into the Sewage Treatment Plant, thus it will bring the larger impact load on the normal operation and management of the Sewage Treatment Plant.
The Option II: System Separating Rainwater from Sewage
This Option is of a more thorough transformation method. It can conduct a thorough transformation on the existing combined pipeline network system in the urban area, and realize the system separating rainwater from sewage. All the sewage pipes will be laid again, and the existing system of combined diversion pipeline will be used for rainwater drainage.
The advantage of System Separating Rainwater from Sewage:
1) It can completely eliminate the pollution of mixed sewage overflow to the water body, thus has positive role to guarantee quality of the water body.
2) It will have less change in sewage quantity following the change of seasons, thus it is conducive to the operation and management of the Sewage Treatment Plant.
The main drawback of System Separating Rainwater from Sewage:
(1) It has large investment, and relatively large amount of engineering works for re-laying sewage pipeline throughout the urban area.
(2) Since the streets of old urban area is narrow, with a lot of underground pipelines and very busy traffic, it is much more difficult to carry out the construction work.
Option Selection: Based on the above analysis, and in view of a long-term urban development, it will be more suitable to adopt the System Separating Rainwater from Sewage, which will be also conducive to the management of Sewage Treatment Plant. It can ensure good water quality, while being more advantageous for the protection of cultural heritage. So, from an environmental protection point of view, it is recommended adopting Option II.
7.3.2 Water Diversion from River Course
For the engineering works of diverting water to the water systems of Gupan Pond and Yinli River, it mainly has two options: upstream diversion and downstream diversion.
Option I: Upstream Diversion Option
This option is a relatively more thorough transformation method, which intends to link the water system within the unban area with the upstream water body, through the dam already built, so as to make the water system into a integrated one. Under the preconditions of reasonable distribution of local water resources, it will adopt the way with water flowing from water source by gravity, thus diverting water from upstream of the river into the proposed landscaping river course.
The main advantage of the option:
(1)After getting the river course through, it will make a fundamental change of local water environment throughout the region. Many individual river courses will be formed into one dynamic flowing water system, thus giving an important driving force to the improvement of local environment;
(2)After completing the designed water diversion project, it could utilize the slope of river course to replenish water by gravity, without relying on pumps and other external assistance, thus reducing the operating costs.
The main drawbacks of the option:
1) It is relatively large in the quantity of engineering works, with both time-consuming design and construction, and higher costs.
2) The project involves wide area and may lead to demolition of buildings and a series of social problems.
Option II: Downstream Diversion Option
It does not need to get the water system through, but adopt a direct use of pumps as the external force to divert the water from downstream river course into the landscaping river course.
The advantage of this option:
(1)The quantity of engineering works is relatively small, with simpler design, smaller construction works, and easy operation.
(2)The project involves smaller scope of construction, and it can effectively avoid the demolition work.
The disadvantage of the option:
(1) Since it is located at downstream of the landscape water body, it can not adopt the way of gravity diversion, and has excessive operating costs as well;
(2) It plays a smaller role in improving the environment of the local water body.
Option Selection: Based on the above analysis, and in view of long-term urban development, it is more appropriate to have upstream water diversion, since it will be more advantageous for the protection of cultural heritage sites. From the angle of environmental protection, it is recommended adopting Option I.
7.3.3 Pipeline Network Laying Option
Geographically, Zoucheng City is high in the east, and low in the west, thus the Yinli River flows from northeast to southwest through urban area. According to the natural geographical conditions and combined with the road layout along the two sides of Yinli River, it has put forward the two main options: The first option is to lay sewage trunk pipes along the river channel on the right side of Yinli River course; The second option is to lay sewage trunk pipes on both sides of road.
Option I: Two Trunk Pipelines Option
It will utilize the river course to divide the whole drainage area into two parts consisting of right-bank part and left-bank part. Then, it will lay a trunk pipeline along the bank on both sides of the river respectively, so as to establish the two separate sewerage systems, collecting sewage from each side of the river respectively. Therefore, it has to set up inverted siphons at downstream section of the river, through which it will divert the sewage from left side of the bank to the right side of the bank, so as to converge the water of both banks into the pipe network of urban centralized Sewage Treatment Plant.
Option II: Single Trunk Pipeline Option
It will lay sewage trunk pipes on the right side of the bank, so as to intercept the sewage on right bank and discharge; It will not construct consistent trunk pipeline on the left bank of the river, but divide the left bank area into several drainage areas. After collecting the sewage from different drainage areas, it will be converged into the trunk pipes on the right bank through the inverted siphons, thus bring about common effluent discharge from both banks.
Both scenarios have to have trunk pipelines laid on the right bank of the river. The difference between the two options is mainly the way of sewage collection and emission on the left bank.
The comparison of the two options is detailed in Table 7.3-1.
Table 7.3-1 the Comparison of Arrangement Options for Comprehensive Management and Control of Sewage Pipeline Network of Yinli River
|Comparison |Option I（two trunk pipelines） |Option II（single trunk pipeline） |
|Items | | |
|Length of |To lay trunk pipelines on two banks respectively, with|To lay single trunk pipeline on right bank; |
|Pipeline |the total length of pipeline about 7120m. |collect sewage from different areas (sections) |
| | |through branch pipes on left bank, with the |
| | |total length of pipelines about 5904m. |
|Demolish |It needs to demolish about 8000m2 of floor space of |It needs to demolish about 1500m2 of floor space|
|of Residents |buildings along the two banks of the river. |of the buildings. |
|Traffic Impact |It could generate relatively big impact on the traffic|No impact on the traffic of Yishan Road. |
| |of Yishan Road, when the pipelines are being laid | |
| |underground. | |
|Construction |There is almost no construction space on the left bank|It can lay pipelines on right bank by using the |
|Conditions |and it is also very difficult in construction work. |existing roads, with convenient construction |
| | |conditions and easy institutional coordination. |
|Management |It will lay double pipelines, with long pipeline |There are few runoffs in some areas on the left |
|Maintenance |length, heavy maintenance work; It will have pipelines|bank of the river course, with small amount of |
| |on both sides of the river for easy access to the |sewage (such as the section from Dahuxi Street |
| |sewage pipeline network, with widely coverage area of |to the Opera Troop, and the section from Yishan |
| |pipeline network and lighter management burden. |Road to the Dongmenli Street). It will not lay |
| | |pipeline according to the design, but adopting |
| | |the way of strengthening management, and other |
| | |forms of guidance to avoid the sewage from |
| | |flowing into the river. Thus, it has heavier |
| | |administrative burden. |
|Project Cost |The project cost is about 7.10 million Yuan RMB |The project cost is about 5.63 million Yuan RMB.|
The site survey results show that there are relatively more roads built and planned to be built on the right bank of river course, with less buildings along the riverside, thus convenient in construction conditions. On the other hand, the laid pipeline has been arranged on the right bank of the river course, and some of its pipe channels can be used; there are many buildings located at left side of the bank, with many sewage pipes outlets of the residential buildings built by the residents themselves, with small amount of sewage water, and lack of concentration. Summing up the above technical and economic comparison of the conditions, and combined with the planed development orientation of the urban and river course, it can be compared to see that the Option II is better than the Option I. Therefore, it is recommended adopting the Option II in this design.
7.3.4 River Course Sludge Disposal Options
7.3.4.1 The Final Disposal Option of Sediment Sludge
There are 4 main methods for sludge disposal: landfill, dumping to the sea, incineration and land use. Among current main methods for the total amount of sludge disposal in China, the farmland use accounts for 44.8%, the landfill accounts for 31%, the other kind of disposal accounts for 10.5%, and the rest 13.7% of them is not disposed at all. The comparison of various alternatives for sludge disposal is seen in Table 7.3-2.
Table 7. 3 - 2 the Comparison of Various Alternatives for Sludge Disposal
|Materials |Sanitation Landfill |Farmland Use |Incineration Disposal |
|Drawbacks |1.It must use sanitary |1. When the sludge will be used for agriculture,|1. The sludge composition is |
| |landfill, including the|it has to control its heavy metal content; |complex, with great harm. For |
| |impermeable liner, |2. There is great amount of bacteria contained |instance, it has no air |
| |surface fief, leachate |inside the sludge, which are not yet to be |purification equipment. The |
| |and gas collection and |killed. So, it is not good for crop growth, and |combustion process will produce |
| |treatment facilities. |easily leads to soil pollution; |harmful gases, and will produce |
| |2. It has to take up |3. China started relatively late in studying the|secondary ambient air pollution; |
| |more land. |aspects of agricultural use in the sludge, with |2. For sludge heat treatment, it |
| | |immature technology and equipment. There is a |must has fluidized bed |
| | |shortage of funds, with high cost in development|incinerator, which has too high |
| | |and production of agricultural fertilizer. It is|in cost. Even in developed |
| | |difficult to sell, and even unaccepted by the |countries, the incinerator |
| | |farmers. |facilities only accounts for 10% |
| | | |of the total disposal capacity. |
| | | |According to China's economic |
| | | |capacity, it is still difficult |
| | | |to promote at present. |
|Advantages |1. It can be suited to |1. It can take advantage of self-purification |It can achieve the maximum |
| |a wide range of |capacity of the soil, so to have the final |reduction of bacteria, and |
| |application; |disposal of sludge, while the rich nutrition |complete elimination of |
| |2. It is simple in |matters in sludge can be used for crop needs. It|pathogens. The toxic pollutants |
| |technique, technology |is a effective way to have comprehensive |will be all oxidized. |
| |and equipment, with |utilization of waste, and turning waste into | |
| |easy and more |usefully materials; | |
| |convenient management |2. The sludge organic fertilizer can be applied | |
| |features; |for flower nursery, improve soil, increase soil | |
| |3. It has less |organic matter and nutrients, while the heavy | |
| |secondary pollution, |metals and harmful substances in sludge will not| |
| |and easy to operate. |enter into the food chain. So, it has greater | |
| | |potentials in urban horticulture and | |
| | |landscaping. | |
The sewage sludge of the river course is mainly affected by pollution of domestic sewage and small amount of domestic solid waste piled up in the river course. According to monitoring results of this assessment, the contents of pollutants inside the sediment sludge are all up to the pollutants control standard of the 《Control Standards for Pollutants in Sludge for Agricultural Use》(GB4284-84). So, it can be used for horticulture and afforestation as green manure, but due to lack of the temporary sludge disposal facilities in both Qufu and Zoucheng areas, it is recommended that the sludge has to be sent to landfill for landfill disposal in this assessment.
8.Environmental management and monitoring plan
Environmental management and monitoring plan is an important part of project management. With the sound environmental management organization, strict management system should be set up, environmental monitoring plan carried out, pollutants from project construction and operation monitored regularly, polluting dynamics of project in plan evaluated thoroughly and timely; we should also learn the variability, the coverage of environmental quality and the environmental quality dynamics in the surrounding area influenced by project construction, timely feedback to the authority in charge, and provide a scientific basis for the environmental management of the project.
8. 1 Environmental Management Organizations
(1) Environmental management institutions
Figure8.1-1diagram of the environmental management institutions of the project
Note:the environmental monitor agency of this figure is environmental monitor station of Qufu or Zoucheng environmental protection agency.New monitor agency is not necessary in this project.
(2) Environmental Supervising Agency
Phase of Feasibility study: Office of Environmental Protection, Shandong Province takes fully charge of the environmental management issues of the project, approves the environmental impact report, directs Jining Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and its relevant subbranch bureaus to implement the regulation, and presides over the inspection and acceptance of the environmental protection facilities. Environmental Protection Bureaus of Qufu City and Zoucheng City are separately responsible for the supervision and management of the project environmental protection, organize and coordinate relevant institutions to serve for it, supervise its enforcement, preside over the inspection and acceptance of the environmental protection facilities, and directs the project's regional bureau of environmental protection to inspect and monitor the environment during the construction and operation period.
Phase of Design: Environmental Protection Department of the Project Office takes charge; Environmental Protection Bureaus of Qufu city and Zoucheng city supervises when checking the project initial design.
Phase of Construction: Environmental Protection Department of the Project Office and Jining Municipal Office of Environmental Protection take charge. Environmental Protection Bureaus of Qufu city and Zoucheng city should follow the guidance of Jining Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, supervise construction institutions to carry out the plan, and enforce relevant regulations and rules; they must coordinate between different departments to devote to environmental protection; they are responsible for the construction, completion and acceptance, operation inspection, supervision and management of the project environmental protection facilities.
Phase of Operation: The project is in the charge of Jining Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Project Office, Qufu Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Zoucheng Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and its regional bureaus in charge. The project regional bureaus in charge should be responsible for the implementation of environmental protection regulations, set up relevant rules and make them enforced, figure out the engineering environment, formulate environmental quality control objectives facilitated for assessment, propose treatment measures and submit them to higher authorities of environmental protection departments and responsible departments of the trades.
Please see Table 8. 1-1 for the monitoring plan of the environmental protection of the project.
Table 8.1-1 the monitoring plan of the environmental protection of the project
|Phase |Agency |Content of Supervision |Purpose of Supervision |
|Phase of |Office of |1. Environmental impact verification report |1. Ensure EIA content to be |
|feasibility study |Environmental |2. Environmental management verification plan |comprehensive, topic set |
| |Protection, Shandong | |properly, focus emphasized |
| |Province | |2. Ensure the significant and |
| |World Bank | |potential problems of the project|
| |Municipal Governments| |reflected to the authority |
| |Municipal | |3. Ensure environmental impact |
| |Environmental | |mitigation measures with specific|
| |Protection Bureaus | |and feasible implementation plan |
|Phase of Design |Office of |1. Examine the preliminary design of environmental |1. Strictly implement "three at a|
|and Construction |Environmental |protection and environmental management plan |time" system |
| |Protection, Shandong |2. Check the returning of temporary construction |2. Ensure that these areas meet |
| |Province |area and vegetation area as well as environmental |the requirements of environmental|
| |World Bank |restoration |protection |
| |Municipal Governments|3. Check dust and noise pollution control measures |3. Reduce the impact of |
| | |and decide the construction time |construction on the surrounding |
| |Municipal |4. Check the emission of air pollutants |environment and implement |
| |Environmental |5. Check the treatment of wastewater and sewage |relevant environmental protection|
| |Protection Bureaus |from the construction site |regulations and rules |
| | |6. Deal with the restoration and treatment of spoil|4. Reduce the impact of |
| | |site |construction on the surrounding |
| | |7. Check the disposition of the sludge |environment and implement |
| | |8. Check for underground cultural relics |relevant environmental protection|
| | | |regulations and rules |
| | | |5. Ensure that the water is not |
| | | |contaminated |
| | | |6. Ensure the landscape and land |
| | | |resources are not seriously |
| | | |damaged in order to avoid water |
| | | |loss and soil erosion |
| | | |7. Ensure proper disposal of |
| | | |sludge |
| | | |8. Protect heritage resources not|
| | | |to be destroyed |
|Phase of Operation|Project Office |1. Check the implementation of environmental |1. Carry out the environmental |
| |Office of |management plan during the operation period; |management plan |
| |Environmental |2. Check the implementation of the monitoring plan;|2. Carry out the monitoring plan |
| |Protection, Shandong |3. Check the sensitive points necessary for further|3. Effectively protect the |
| |Province |environmental protection steps (environmental |environment |
| |Municipal |problems without expectation may emerge); |4. Strengthen environmental |
| |Environmental |4. Check the environmental quality of the |management and effectively |
| |Protection Bureaus |environmentally sensitive points to meet its |protect human health |
| | |corresponding quality standards; |5. Ensure the effluent drainage |
| | |5. Strengthen supervision to prevent incidents, to |within the discharge standards |
| | |meet pre-established emergency plan in case of an | |
| | |accident in time to avoid danger. | |
8.2Environmental training plan
In order to further implement of the environmental management plan, we need to involve in the different levels (national, provincial, local) with the relevant units of analysis and comparison of the advantages and disadvantages, including its employees in environmental management, management functions, organization and operation, budget, experience, etc., to enhance capacity building of these units to better implementation of the development of the environmental management plan. Specific environmental training programs in Table 8.2-1.
Table 8.2-1 List of environmental training programs
|Target |World Bank Project Office, Office|Contractor |The public related to the project sites |
|Audience |of the subproject, the project | | |
| |site management | | |
|Training |(1)Environmental protection |I, the national, provincial and |A, protection of cultural heritage and |
| |contents and measures |municipal management of construction |local public life, the important |
| |(2) The proposed project is |projects on environmental protection, |relationship. |
| |running in the design of |soil and water conservation and other |B, the development of tourism, training |
| |environmental protection measures|aspects of regulations, documents and |in awareness of the importance. |
| | |related requirements. |C,to participate in cultural heritage |
| | |II,the project design and construction|protection and tourism development in |
| | |of environmental protection measures |specific ways. |
| | |proposed by the environmental |D, characteristics of board and lodging, |
| | |requirements. |health facilities knowledge training. |
| | |III, repair and reconstruction of old |E, cultural and natural heritage |
| | |buildings technology. |protection,environmental protection, |
| | |IV, culture and natural heritage |basic knowledge. |
| | |protection measures. |F, run the risk of environmental |
| | |V, contingency plans for the |emergency plans |
| | |construction of environmental risk. | |
Table 8.2-2 Environmental Training Schedule
|Project sites |Stage |Training personnel |Number |Training |Training costs|
| | | | | |(ten thousand |
| | | | | |yuan) |
|Qufu cultural |Pre-construction |Environmental management |2 |⑴,⑵ |2.0 |
|heritage | |project of office of | | | |
|protection | | | | | |
| |construction |Contractor and environmental |3 |Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ |2.0 |
| | |supervision engineer | | | |
| |Operation |Project managers on |4 |A、B、C、D、E、F |2.0 |
| | |environmental protection and | | | |
| | |local public representatives | | | |
|Zoucheng |Pre-construction |Environmental management |2 |⑴,⑵ |1.0 |
|cultural heritage | |project of office of | | | |
|protection | | | | | |
| |construction |Contractor and environmental |3 |Ⅰ, Ⅱ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ |1.0 |
| | |supervision engineer | | | |
| |Operation |Project managers on |4 |A, B, C, D, E、F |1.0 |
| | |environmental protection and | | | |
| | |local public representatives | | | |
|total | | |18 | |9.0 |
8.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan
(1) Monitoring agency
The environmental monitoring during construction and operation periods is in the charge of the county and city monitoring stations in the construction sites; the responsible institutions should be the national certificated environmental quality monitoring organizations with complete facilities and strong technical power and are able to well finish the environmental monitoring task. During the operational phase of the project, the management office of each project site should be sign a environmental monitoring contract with local environmental monitoring stations, with the latter party perform the task of regular environmental quality monitor at various cultural heritage sites. The costs are included in the project operation and management budget.
(2) Monitoring and implementation
Set the sites with clear pollution indicators as monitoring sites, tracking and monitoring the pollution problems at these sites during the construction and operation phases of the project. The monitoring indexes include noise, air quality and surface water, which have major impact on the quality of the environment. Pollution monitoring factors are determined based on the pollutant characteristics. Monitoring and analysis measures are based on the measures defined in "Environmental Monitoring technical specifications" issued by the State Environmental Protection Agency. The evaluation criteria are in accordance with the national standards of environment assessment.
(3) Monitoring facilities, cost and reporting system
The project is one in which the local governments are directly involved. The specific monitoring work will be done by the relevant management departments in Qufu and Zoucheng. The monitoring equipment is owned by the monitoring organizations, and no new monitoring equipment is needed. But the owners of the sub unit should pay for the appropriate amount of depreciation costs of the equipment, which will be included in the monitoring costs. Monitoring costs will be first determined after the negotiation between the project side, which focus to make regular environmental monitoring, and the regional environmental monitoring stations, and then put into operation and management budget.
(4) Specific monitoring plan
Please see Table8.3-1、8.3-2 for the project operation process, supervising agencies, environmental monitoring and EMP budget table plan.
Table8.3-1 project operation process, implementing agencies, supervising agencies, physical cultural resources monitoring, andEMPbudget table
|Progress of |Content of |Supervising |Physical |Monitoring Frequency |EMPbudget (yuan) |
|Implementation |Supervision |Agency |cultural | | |
| | | |resources | | |
| | | |Monitoring | | |
| | | |factor | | |
|Cultural Heritage Preservation of Confucius |
|preservation of |Mainly inspection, |Qufu Cultural |degree of |2 times during construction /cultural |600 |
|cultural relics |maintenance and |Relics |protection and |relics in Ming Historic | |
| |reinforcement effect|Bureau、Qufu |remedy |City;ConfuciusForests;Mount Ni | |
| |on cultural |project Office | | | |
| |resources during, | | | | |
| |construction and | | | | |
| |operation periods, | | | | |
| |natural disasters in| | | | |
| |cultural relic area,| | | | |
| |status and changes | | | | |
| |of tourists | | | | |
| | | |degree of |1 times during operation /cultural |300 |
| | | |weathering and |relics in Ming Historic | |
| | | |damage |City;ConfuciusForests;Mount Ni | |
| | | |natural |2 times every year |200 |
| | | |disasters | | |
| | | |tourists |3 times during operation / Ming Historic|300 |
| | | | |City;ConfuciusForests;Mount Ni | |
|Subtotal |1400 |
|Cultural Heritage Preservation and Display of Lu Historic City |
|preservation of |Mainly inspection, |Qufu Cultural |degree of |2 times during construction /cultural |200 |
|cultural relics |maintenance and |Relics |protection and |relics in Lu Historic City | |
| |reinforcement effect|Bureau、Qufu |remedy | | |
| |on cultural |project Office | | | |
| |resources during, | | | | |
| |construction and | | | | |
| |operation periods, | | | | |
| |natural disasters in| | | | |
| |cultural relic area,| | | | |
| |status and changes | | | | |
| |of tourists | | | | |
| | | |degree of |1 times during operation /cultural |100 |
| | | |weathering and |relics in Lu Historic City | |
| | | |damage | | |
| | | |natural |2 times every year |200 |
| | | |disasters | | |
| | | |tourists |3 times during operation / Lu Historic |300 |
| | | | |City | |
|Subtotal |800 |
|Cultural Heritage Preservation of Ming Historic City |
|preservation of |Mainly inspection, |Qufu Cultural |degree of |2 times during construction /cultural |200 |
|cultural relics |maintenance and |Relics |protection and |relics in Ming Historic City | |
| |reinforcement effect|Bureau、Qufu |remedy | | |
| |on cultural |project Office | | | |
| |resources during, | | | | |
| |construction and | | | | |
| |operation periods, | | | | |
| |natural disasters in| | | | |
| |cultural relic area,| | | | |
| |status and changes | | | | |
| |of tourists | | | | |
| | | |degree of |1 times during operation /cultural |100 |
| | | |weathering and |relics in Ming Historic City | |
| | | |damage | | |
| | | |natural |2 times every year |200 |
| | | |disasters | | |
| | | |tourists |3 times during operation / Ming Historic|300 |
| | | | |City | |
|Subtotal |800 |
|Cultural Heritage Integrated Protection of Mencius Temple, Mencius Mansion and Mencius Cemetery |
|preservation of |Mainly inspection, |Zoucheng Cultural|degree of |2 times during construction /cultural |400 |
|cultural relics |maintenance and |Relics |protection and |relics in Miencius Mansion;Miencius | |
| |reinforcement effect|Bureau、Zoucheng |remedy |Cemetery; Miencius Temple | |
| |on cultural |project Office | | | |
| |resources during, | | | | |
| |construction and | | | | |
| |operation periods, | | | | |
| |natural disasters in| | | | |
| |cultural relic area,| | | | |
| |status and changes | | | | |
| |of tourists | | | | |
| | | |degree of |1 times during operation /cultural |200 |
| | | |weathering and |relics in Miencius Mansion;Miencius | |
| | | |damage |Cemetery; Miencius Temple | |
| | | |natural |2 times every year |200 |
| | | |disasters | | |
| | | |tourists |3 times during operation / Miencius |600 |
| | | | |Mansion;Miencius Cemetery; Miencius | |
| | | | |Temple | |
|Subtotal |1400 |
|Total |4400 |
Table8.3-2 project operation process, implementing agencies, supervising agencies, environmental monitoring, and EMP budget table
|Progress of |Content of |Supervising Agency |Environmental |Monitoring Frequency |EMPbudget (yuan) |
|Implementation |Supervision | |Monitoring factor | | |
|Qufu, the ancient city of the Ming dynasty, cultural heritage preservation, management, and demonstration projects |
|Construction period|The main effect is |Qufu City |TSP, Leq (A ) |twice for construction |2000 |
| |the restoration of |environmental |Solid Waste |period | |
| |the ancient |monitoring station | | | |
| |architecture, road |commissioned | | | |
| |excavation, the dust| | | | |
| |from the yard | | | | |
| |construction project| | | | |
| |and the construction| | | | |
| |noise | | | | |
|Operation period |Mainly understand |Qufu City |TSP, SO2, NO2, Leq (A) |for operation period |3000 |
| |the environmental |environmental | |once each year | |
| |quality in project |monitoring station | | | |
| |area during |commissioned | | | |
| |operation period | | | | |
|Preservation of |Mainly focus on the |Qufu Municipal |Protection and | Twice for construction|200 |
|cultural relics |inspection, |Bureau of Cultural |restoration process |period | |
| |maintenance and |Relics Protection | | | |
| |strengthening effect|and Qufu Municipal | | | |
| |of cultural |Office of World Bank| | | |
| |resources during |Project commissioned| | | |
| |construction and | | | | |
| |operation period, | | | | |
| |mainly immovable | | | | |
| |heritage | | | | |
| | | |Weathering and damage |for operation period |100 |
| | | | |once each year | |
|Subtotal |5300 |
|Project of Qufu, ancient city of Lu, cultural heritage preservation, management and demonstration |
|Construction period|Main effect is the |Qufu City |TSP, Leq (A) |Twice for construction |2000 |
| |dust caused by road |environmental | |period | |
| |construction and |monitoring station | | | |
| |environmental |commissioned | | | |
| |improvement projects| | | | |
| |as well as the | | | | |
| |construction noise | | | | |
|Operation period |Mainly understand |Qufu City |TSP, Leq (A ) |for operation period |1500 |
| |the regional |environmental | |once each year | |
| |environmental |monitoring station | | | |
| |quality during |commissioned | | | |
| |operation period | | | | |
|Preservation of |Mainly focus on the |Qufu Municipal |Protection and |twicefor construction |200 |
|cultural relics |inspection, |Bureau of Cultural |restoration process |period | |
| |maintenance and |Relics Protection | | | |
| |strengthening effect|and Qufu Municipal | | | |
| |of cultural |Office of World Bank| | | |
| |resources during |Project commissioned| | | |
| |construction and | | | | |
| |operation period, | | | | |
| |mainly immovable | | | | |
| |heritage | | | | |
| | | |Weathering and damage |for operation period |100 |
| | | | |once each year | |
|Subtotal |3800 |
|Project of Nishan Hill, Qufu, cultural heritage preservation, management and demonstration |
|Construction period|The main effect is |Qufu City |TSP, Leq (A) |twice for construction |2000 |
| |the restoration of |environmental | |period | |
| |the houses, the dust|monitoring station | | | |
| |from the road |commissioned | | | |
| |excavation | | | | |
| |construction project| | | | |
| |and the construction| | | | |
| |noise | | | | |
|Operation period |Mainly understand |Qufu City |SO2, NO2, |for operation period |3000 |
| |the regional |environmental |TSP, Leq (A ) |once each year | |
| |environmental |monitoring station | | | |
| |quality during |commissioned | | | |
| |operation period | | | | |
|Preservation of |Mainly focus on the |Qufu Municipal |Protection and |twice for construction |200 |
|cultural relics |inspection, |Bureau of Cultural |restoration process |period | |
| |maintenance and |Relics Protection | | | |
| |strengthening effect|and Qufu Municipal | | | |
| |of cultural |Office of World Bank| | | |
| |resources during |Project commissioned| | | |
| |construction and | | | | |
| |operation period, | | | | |
| |mainly immovable | | | | |
| |heritage | | | | |
| | | |Weathering and damage |for operation period |100 |
| | | | |once each year | |
|Subtotal |5300 |
|comprehensive protection project of cultural heritage of Mencius Temple, Family Mansion of Mencius and the cemetery of the |
|Mencius family |
|Construction period|The main effect is |Zoucheng city |TSP, Leq (A ) |twice for construction |2000 |
| |the restoration of |environmental | |period | |
| |the ancient |monitoring station | | | |
| |architecture, road |commissioned | | | |
| |excavation, the dust| | | | |
| |from the yard | | | | |
| |construction project| | | | |
| |and the construction| | | | |
| |noise | | | | |
|Operation period |Mainly understand |Zoucheng city |SO2, NO2, |for operation period |3000 |
| |the regional |environmental |TSP, Leq (A ) |once each year | |
| |environmental |monitoring station | | | |
| |quality during |commissioned | | | |
| |operation period | | | | |
| |(ambient air, | | | | |
| |surface water, | | | | |
| |groundwater, solid | | | | |
| |waste) | | | | |
| |Swedge treatment | |COD、NH3-N |for operation period |700 |
| |station in Mencius | | |once each month | |
| |Cemetery | | | | |
|Preservation of |Mainly focus on the |Zoucheng Municipal |Protection and |twice for construction |200 |
|cultural relics |inspection, |Bureau of Cultural |restoration process |period | |
| |maintenance and |Relics Protection | | | |
| |strengthening effect|and Zoucheng | | | |
| |of cultural |Municipal Office of | | | |
| |resources during |World Bank Project | | | |
| |construction and |commissioned | | | |
| |operation period, | | | | |
| |mainly immovable | | | | |
| |heritage | | | | |
| | | |Weathering and damage |for operation period |100 |
| | | | |once each year | |
|Subtotal |6000 |
|The Reconstruction and Renovation of the ancient city of the Ming dynasty of Qufu |
|Construction period|Main effect is the |Qufu City |TSP, Leq (A ) |twice for construction |2000 |
| |dust from the |environmental | |period | |
| |renovation of the |monitoring station | | | |
| |architecture in the |commissioned | | | |
| |community, road | | | | |
| |excavation, pipe | | | | |
| |laying and the | | | | |
| |construction of | | | | |
| |public engineering | | | | |
| |project as well as | | | | |
| |the construction | | | | |
| |noise | | | | |
|Operation period |Mainly understand |the same monitoring project with "Qufu, the ancient city of the Ming dynasty, cultural|
| |the regional |heritage preservation, management, and demonstration projects", no additional |
| |environmental |monitoring costs |
| |quality during | |
| |operation period | |
| |indoor air quality |Qufu hygiene |formaldehyde、benzene、|twice for construction |2000 |
| |after decoration |&epidemic station |TVOC、ammonia、niton |period/Street Blocks A.| |
| |project |commissioned | | | |
|Subtotal |4000 |
|Project of landscaping, afforestation and river channels restoration of Qufu, the ancient city of Lu and the ancient city of the|
|Ming dynasty. |
|Construction period|Main effect is the |Qufu City |TSP, Leq (A ) |twice for construction |2500 |
| |dust from the river |environmental |Solid Waste, SS |period | |
| |channels renovation,|monitoring station | | | |
| |road excavation and |commissioned | | | |
| |landscape | | | | |
| |construction | | | | |
| |projects as well as | | | | |
| |the construction | | | | |
| |noise | | | | |
|Operation period |Mainly understand |Qufu City |TSP, |for operation period |1500 |
| |the regional |environmental |COD, ammonia and |once each year | |
| |environmental |monitoring station |nitrogen | | |
| |quality during |commissioned | | | |
| |operation period | | | | |
| |(ambient air, | | | | |
| |surface water) | | | | |
|Subtotal |4000 |
|The reconstruction and renovation projects in Zoucheng, the ancient city |
|Construction period|Main effect is the |Zoucheng city |TSP, Leq (A ) |twice for construction |2000 |
| |dust from the |environmental | |period | |
| |renovation of the |monitoring station | | | |
| |architecture in the |commissioned | | | |
| |community, road | | | | |
| |excavation, pipe | | | | |
| |laying and the | | | | |
| |construction of | | | | |
| |public engineering | | | | |
| |project as well as | | | | |
| |the construction | | | | |
| |noise | | | | |
|Operation period |Mainly understand |share the same monitoring project and monitoring sites with "comprehensive protection |
| |the regional |project of cultural heritage of Mencius Temple, Family Mansion of Mencius and the |
| |environmental |cemetery of the Mencius family", no additional monitoring costs |
| |quality during | |
| |operation period | |
| |indoor air quality |Zoucheng hygiene |formaldehyde、benzene、|twice for construction |2000 |
| |after decoration |&epidemic station |TVOC、ammonia、niton |period/Mencius Primary | |
| |project |commissioned | |School | |
|Subtotal |4000 |
|Project of landscaping, afforestation and river channels restoration of Zoucheng, the ancient city |
|Construction period|Main effect is the |Zoucheng city |TSP, Leq (A ) |twice for construction |2500 |
| |dust from the river |environmental |Solid Waste, SS |period | |
| |channels renovation,|monitoring station | | | |
| |road excavation and |commissioned | | | |
| |landscape | | | | |
| |construction | | | | |
| |projects as well as | | | | |
| |the construction | | | | |
| |noise | | | | |
|Operation period |Mainly understand |Zoucheng city |TSP, |for operation period |1500 |
| |the regional |environmental |COD, ammonia and |once each year | |
| |environmental |monitoring station |nitrogen | | |
| |quality during |commissioned | | | |
| |operation period | | | | |
|Subtotal |4000 |
|Total |36000 |
9. Public Consultation and Information Disclosure
9.1 Purposes and principles
In accordance with “Interim Procedure On the Public Take Part In Environmental Impact Assessment” issued by State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA), “The Environment Impact Assessment Act of China”, World Bank Policy on Environmental Impact Assessment (OP4.01), “World Bank Operations Manual- BP17.50 Information Disclosure Policy” and other documentation, this assessment requires disclosure of the project and public participation. Such an information disclosure of environmental impact assessment and public participation is designed to enable local residents to get a timely, accurate understanding of the significance of the project, and the positive and negative as well as the direct and indirect influences that the project brings them. Meanwhile, it also helps to know the residents’ attitudes towards the project and their major concerns, on the basis of which a joint effort can be made to find solutions to the problem for the sake of the public. This will contribute to the completeness and justice of the assessment, thereby ensuring the smooth implementation of the project and avoiding pollution disputes in construction and operation.
9.2 Getting involved
Public participation was adopted by questionnaire,syposium and discussion meeting etc,administrators of correlative departments in Qufu and Zoucheng and residents of subproject construction regions were surveyed at 2010.3.5-3.20,2010.6.10-6.20,2010.8.24-8.30,2010.9.14-8.18 respectively.
9.3 Public consultation
With a view to directlyhearing public opinions and collecting advisable proposals, the EIA department conducted a public consultation in all the project-affected areas, (especially the immigrant regions). Two kinds of consultation methods were adopted, that is, questionnaire surveys (designed for both individual and group) and symposiums.Besides, the findings of public survey conducted by Shandong Institute of Construction and Development in its “Environmental Impact Report of the World Bank Loan Protection Projects in Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage Sites in Shandong Province” (hereinafter referred to as EIA) to enrich the contents of this public survey.Futhermore,public consultation was made to the adjust project regions by EA agency during subproject adjustment priod,and the public opinions and suggestions to affected project area would be gotten to know timely in favor of developing and improving of construction successfully.
1. Questionnaire survey
1. Individual interview
Individual interview (i.e. public survey) is aimed at getting to know about the attitudes of local residents in project-affected areas (especially those affected by construction itself, land acquisition and demolition) towards the proposed project, thus making a survey of the possible environmental impact caused by land acquisition, demolition and construction, and finally soliciting their suggestions on how to mitigate those adverse effects. Finally, the survey results were gathered together and summarized and then sent back to the construction departments and design units that would take into consideration the suggestions and try to properly settle the problems in design and construction. During the interview, the local residents were first invited to a symposium, and then a questionnaire was handed out to each of them directly. Detailed explanation was available if any villagers turned out to be unclear about items in the questionnaire. Eventually, they were allowed to fill in the questionnaire in person.
The survey of 2010.03.05-2010.03.20 covers an area involving historic walled city of Qufu and its suburbs, as well as the ancient town of Zoucheng. 200 copies of individual questionnaires were issued and 196 copies of valid questionnaires were taken back. The findings of the survey are as follows:
(1)Most of the respondents support the project and hold that the project will benefit both the individuals and social development in the area. This suggests that the public proceed from long-term interests when considering the project and their social consciousness is improving.
(2)A part of the respondents hold that the project will produce waste gas,water,noises and soild waste to affect local historic protection harmfully during construction and also bring adverse impact to local water, air, and acoustic environment. This indicates that the public worry about the influences that the project would bring to the historic protection and quality of local environment.
(3) Because the project would affect their land and housing involving personal interest directly, residents surveyed are concerned about removal and setting problems mostly and worry that their habitation and quality of life would be affected after relocation.
According the questionnaire survey, EA agency and project offices of Zoucheng and Qufu gave particular answers to the public of their mostly concerned problems,and the public of every project region got satisfied replies.
The main answers are:About waste emission produced by the project during construction and operation period,historic protection and environment protection measures brought forward by EA agency have be putted into practice to each construction unit, and supervise agency was demanded to manage strictly to ensure historical relic and environment be protected.While,to the removal and setting problems concerned mostly by public during construction,the project office have given a detailed plan, corresponding measures would be adopted to this problem,such as,decreasing removal and environmental pollution as much as possible,ensuring the removal residents to get reasonable compensation,informing all kinds of rights and choises to the residents affected by the project,meanwhile, the rights of disvantaged group and women and children shoud be plaining channel and approach was also provided to encourage public participation and supervisory in favor of eliminating residents’ doubt to removal policy.
2. Group survey
We visited relevant responsible bodies and administrative organizations in the project-affected areas, such as local governments (including county-level, city-level and district level), environmental protection agencies, travel bureaus, cultural relic bureaus, water resources bureaus, planning bureaus and other bureaus and departments. Representatives from all the relevant departments listened carefully to our lecture on the basic information of the project, aired their own ideas and suggestions, and filled the questionnaire in earnest. The survey shows that the respondents all take affirmative attitude towards the project, and agree that this project will upgrade the status of the city, carry forward traditional culture, elevate the public’s moral level and strengthen the national self-confidence and cohesion of Chinese around the world. Meanwhile, the respondents also hope that not only an appropriate, feasible and effective heritage preservation option should be adopted during the construction, but effective measures should also be taken to reduce adverse influences on the environment. Some departments insist that the construction should be in accordance with national laws and regulations and be carried out under the guidance of master plan of Qufu and Zoucheng or the plans for construction and conservation.
2. Symposium
Apart from interviews with residents and group surveys, public symposiums as a means of group interview were also adopted in the project-affected areas of Qufu and Zoucheng in order to get a deeper understanding of the public’s opinions.At 2010.06.15,2010.08.24,2010.09.14,three public symposiums were organized altogether with the average attendance of over 10 persons and each time saw the presence of representatives from local governments and competent departments.During public symposiums, the problems in environmental assessment was discussed to let the public know the effects of projects during construction, and to search for a best resolvent through technology selection and site selection,finally,location of toilets in Lu Historic City,waste treatment plan,garbage collection in Menglin,location of waste water treatment station and block renovation were confirmed and all the attendants take an affirmative attitude towards the project after discussion. For the view of symposiums, please see Picture9.3-1.
[pic][pic]
Picture9.3-1the views of symposiums
3. The social assessment team’s survey results
A survey entitled “pre-knowledge and consultation with interest groups” conducted by the social assessment team suggests that the informed participation without restriction on the team’s part has achieved good results and thanks to this kind of work before, the key stakeholders in all project sites broadly took part in the discussion of the project. The findings of the survey conducted by the social assessment team fall mainly into the following three aspects: First, the majority of the residents in all project sites admit to having some knowledge about the project, and they all sympathize with the informed participation without restriction carried out by the social assessment team before. Second, in organizing projects such as neighborhood reconstruction, village cadres in every project site strictly comply with World Bank’s working procedure as a response to the social assessment team’s requirements. Third, during the informed participation last time, the social assessment team offered suggestions where the project office didn’t do its job appropriately. And this assessment shows that those suggestions were honored and adopted by the project office.
The results of “pre-knowledge and consultation with interest groups” survey by the social assessment team indicate that the working style at the preliminary stage was in compliance with World Bank’s work procedures and achieved good effects, which offers sufficient preparations for implementation and execution of the project at the next stage.
4. Summary of public consultation results
The public consultation results are shown in Table 9.3-1。
9.4 information Publicity
Ater receiving the commission of construction unit,EA agency worked out the first public information according to engineering design and data of proposal book,then gave it on bulletins at project area and at 2010-03-05.When the draft of EIA Report was authorized,copies were given to Qufu and Zoucheng government offices，meanwhile the second public information was worked out,then was put on at 2010-08-24.When EIA Report which should be evaluated in advance was worked out,copies were given to the library of Qufu and Zoucheng,at the same time,the third public information was autherized and put on public information can be seen as follows:
Fig.9.4-1 the first and second photos of information publicity
图9.4-1 第一次及第二次网上公示照片
Fig.9.4-2 the third photos of information publicity
图9.4-2 第三次网上公示照片
Table 9.4-1 Publicity of Environmental Information
| |Time |Site |Public information |Policy |
|First |2010.3.5 |Bulletin and internet of |Project name and construction |《The Law for |
| | |project-affected area |content,Project unit and contact |Environmental Impact |
| | | |information,EA agency and contact |Assessment of the |
| | | |information,The main content of EIA |People’s Republic of |
| | | |Report, ways of opinion submitted by the |China》, 《Provisional |
| | | |public |Measures for Public |
| | | | |Participation in |
| | | | |Environmental Impact |
| | | | |Assessment》, World Bank |
| | | | |Policy on Environmental |
| | | | |Impact Assessment |
| | | | |(OP4.01), “World Bank |
| | | | |Operations Manual- |
| | | | |BP17.50 Information |
| | | | |Disclosure Policy” |
|Second |2010.8.24 |Government and internet of|Project name and construction | |
| | |project-affected area |content,summary of environment affected by| |
| | | |the project,essentials of EIA Report,ways | |
| | | |of asking for public opinions | |
|Third |2010.10.31 |Library and internet of |Pre-evaluation revison of EIA Report, | |
| | |project-affected area |project name and construction | |
| | | |content,summary of environment affected by| |
| | | |the project,essentials of EIA Report,ways | |
| | | |of asking for public opinions | |
9.5 Public consultation and conclusions of information disclosure
In summary, all respondents of the questionnaire and symposium attendants take an affirmative attitude towards the project. And the construction department declared to adopt all the suggestions offered by both the public and relevant departments. Following the people-oriented principle, the quality of the proposed project will be guaranteed most strictly, and the environmental mitigation measures mentioned in the report and 3-Ssimultanious Policy will be put into effect in earnest so as to minimize the impacts the project will bring on the environment. Meanwhile, the construction department will try its utmost to create jobs for the local residents with a view to promoting economic development there.
Table 9.3-1Summary of the public consultation results
|Date |Location |Executor |Participation
Discloser |Policy basis |Major problem |Countermeasure |Reply | |The first time(Questionnaire Survey) |2010.6.5
-6. 22 |Qufu, Zoucheng and surrounding communities where the subprojects are located | |Individual:
residents in project-affected areas
Groups: Environmental Protection Agency, Tourism Bureau, Cultural Heritage Bureau, Development and Reform Commission of the city of Jining, Qufu and Zoucheng and of the government of Shandong province. |“The Environment Impact Assessment Act of China”, “Interim Procedure On the Public Take Part In Environmental Impact Assessment”, World Bank policy on Environmental Impact Assessment (OP4. 01),” World Bank Operations Manual- BP17. 50policy
on information disclosure” |Immigrants: They hope that the government can work out a standard of compensation for material objects such as land and housing according to specific reality, make policies on relocation and disclose them to the immigrants. They also expect that the government could solicit their opinions and ensure that the funds for immigrants’ living and business are put in place.
Government, the Development and Reform Bureau: They hope to improve the local infrastructure, keep the cultural relics in good shape and enhance people’s livelihood
Environmental Protection Agency: They hope that the project can contribute to an improved environment and promise to perform their duty conscientiously in construction and operation of the project to minimize the effects on environment.
Cultural Heritage Bureau: They hold that relic restoration must be approved by corresponding administrative organizations and the construction unit should have a professional team. They stress that the project in itself is to protect the cultural relics, and therefore they will strengthen management in its construction and operation.
Planning and Construction Department: They emphasize that the construction and operation should be conducted under the guidance of planning and they also promise to strengthen project management.
Tourism Bureau: They hope to improve the competitiveness of the local tourism through enhancing the environment. |Opinions and suggestions on resettlement will be conveyed to administrative departments and departments in charge of resettlement planning in order to adopt the advisable proposals in arranging resettlement.
Minimized impact on environment can be guaranteed on condition that the environmental mitigation measures are implemented strictly. Meanwhile, construction management will be strengthened to protect the integrity of the cultural relics.
In response to the opinions of the administrative departments above, the construction department promises that it will strictly follow the relevant national laws and regulations and all construction activities will be under the guidance of planning. It also declares that it will strengthen its management on relic protection and ensure an effective environmental management in construction and operation of the project. |In answer to public opinions and suggestions, we will report to relevant departments in a practical and realistic attitude, make a feedback of the project design and disclose the results and reasons to the public. When it comes to the public’s concerns, we will put ourselves in the people’s position to think about their concerns and interests, adopt effective measures according to the relevant national policies and regulations to dispel their worries and safeguard the people’s interests throughout design, construction and operation of the project.
| |The second time (symposium) | |Subdistrict Office of Lu City
Subdistrict Offices of ancient town in Zoucheng | |The public and the staff of local governments and relevant administrative departments in project area. | |When formulating supportive policies at later stage of the project, the government hopes that it could solicit public opinions so as to organize appropriate training in line with the immigrants’ knowledge level and technical capacity.
|It also expects timely communication with the public to make sure they understand the purpose and significance of the training in order to get their support. | | |
10. Conclusion
10.1 Conclusion
10.1.1 An Outline of the Proposed Project
Shandong Provincial Confucius and Mencius Cultural Heritage Sites Preservation and Development Project by Useing the loan of World Bank mainly include 4 parts, namely: Cultural heritage preservation and presentation; Upgrading of historic city areas and infrastructure; Technical research and community development; Capacity building and project management. The construction sites are concentrated in historic city of Qufu and its surrounding area and historic city of Zoucheng. The total investment of the proposed project will be 886,475 million Yuan RMB with duration of its implementation for 5 years. The project overall objective is to promote cultural heritage preservation, and through cultural heritage preservation, sustainable tourism development and regional environment improvement and contral, to increase economic, social, and educational benefits of cultural heritage to local people.
10.1.2 Analysis on Compatibility of Project Construction and Relevant Policies
In the Article No. 25 of “Other Service Trade” of the No.40 Decree 《"Guidance Catalogue for Adjustment of Industrial Structure (version, 2005)》issued by National Development and Reform Commission, it has enlisted “Cultural Relics Protection and Facilities Construction” into the catorgery of encouraged projects. It shows that the implementation of cultural heritage protection project by using the loan of World Bank belongs to the category of encouragement for development, which fully conforms to the present executive national industrial policy.
《 The National Programme for “11th Five-Year” Plan of Cultural and Natural Heritage Sites Protection》 has made analysis on current status and existing problems on management work of Chinese cultural heritage sites protection, and put forward the guiding ideology and basic principles for heritage sites preservation. It has calarified the general target and primary task, and proposed the safeguard mechanism for the implementation of the Programme. This implementation of this project meets the requirements of the Programme contents, and it is advantageous in realizing the Programme objective.
The project's construction and implementation conforms to the strategic requirements to China by World Bank and is also coordinated and consistent with the strategic plan of the World Bank;《Shandong Provincial Cultural Industry Development Plan (2007-2015)》(approved by Shandong Provincial People's Government , 19th Jan. 2008);《The Master Plan of Qufu City (2003-2020)》 (approved by Shandong Provincial People's Government);《Master Plan of Zoucheng City (2005-2020 Years)》(approved by Shandong Provincial Ppeople's Government);《The Master Plan of Cultural Heritage Preservation in Qufu Zone》 (2010-2030 Years);《Detailed Plan for Qufu Ming City Development Control》（approved by Qufu Municipal People’s Government, Dec. 2006）;《The Protection Plan for Famous Historic Cultural City of Zoucheng (2008-2030)》.
The construction of the proposed project conforms to the national policy and strategic requirements of the World Bank. It is also in line with the contents of Shandong Provincial and the local planning. The construction of proposed project will help improve the local environment, protect cultural heritage and promote local cultural development rapidly.
10.1.3 Environmental Quality Situation
10.1.3.1 Qufu
(1) Ambient Air
According to the monitoring data provided by Qufu Environmental Monitoring Station, in recent years, the daily average concentration of SO2, NO2, TSP collected by regular monitoring spot (Environmental Protection Bureau) is 0.065-0.076mg/Nm3, 0.038-0.042 mg/Nm3 and 0.223-0.26 mg/Nm3 respectively, the daily average concentration of SO2 and TSP meet Grade I[ described in Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB3095-1996), while the daily average concentration of NO2 meets Grade II .
(2) Surface Water
According to the monitoring materials provided by Qufu Environmental Monitoring Station, the routine monitoring data from 2007 to 2009, collected at Longwandian gateway cross section of Si River, the average concentration is CODcr 18.0-36.7mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen 0.36-1.39mg/L respectively. The indices of water quality met Grade V described in《Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water》 (GB383B-2002). The routine monitoring data from 2007-2009 collected at Fengdian dame cross section on the lower reaches of Yi River is CODcr 22.0-34.0mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen 0.62-1.42mg/L respectively. The indices of water quality met Grade V described in《Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water》 (GB383B-2002).
(3) Underground Water
According to the monitoring data of shallow underground water in urban area, the indices of pH value, permanganate, chloride, fluoride and sulphate collected from all monitoring spots, met Grade 111 described in《Quality Standard for Underground Water》 (GB/T14848-93), without any As, Pb, and Cd detected; However, in individual monitoring spot, total hardness and coli group failed to meet the requirements. The maximum over-standard of total hardness and coli indices is 0.3 and 5 times respectively. This indicates that part of shallow underground water in urban area has been polluted by human activities.
(4) Ambient Noise
According to the monitoring data provided by Qufu Environmental Monitoring Station, environmental quality for noise within the project area met Grade II described in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008).
10.1.3.2 Zoucheng
(1) Ambient Air
According to the monitoring data provided by Zoucheng Environmental Monitoring Station, the concentration of SO2, NO2 and inhalable particulate matter, collected from regular monitoring spots in 2009, met Grade II, 0.098mg/m3, 0.038mg/m3 and 0.072mg/m3 respectively
(2) Ground Surface Water
According to the monitoring data provided by Zoucheng Environmental Monitoring Station, pH, concentration of COD and ammonia nitrogen, collected from regular monitoring fracture at Yasheng Bridge in 2009, was pH 7.57, COD 23.1mg/L and ammonia nitrogen 2.07mg/L respectively. The concentration of COD and ammonia nitrogen failed to meet Grade III described in《 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water》(GB3838-2002) due to mianly the production activities and the direct discharge of domestic sewage randomly in urban areas and the direct discharge of domestic sewage without any treatment from the villages along the banks of the river.
(3) Underground Water
According to the monitoring data provided by Zoucheng Environmental Monitoring Station, pH, total hardness, permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen index, nitrite nitrogen index, coil index, collected from regular monitoring spot at Tangcun in the north of urban area of Zoucheng in 2009, were 7.31, 409mg/L, O.511mg/L, O.O09mg/L, O.O08mg/L and the total group of coli_ ................
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