1: Kozarovich LH
Practice Guidelines for Perioperative Transesophageal Echocardiography: Bibliography
American Society of Anesthesiologists
Bibliography by Section
I. Cardiac and Thoracic Aortic Prodedures
Major Cardiac and Thoracic Aortic Surgery:
Nonrandomized comparative studies
Comparisons of TEE with other diagnostic modalities
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Comparisons of 3-D TEE with traditional 2-D TEE
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Observational studies, case reports, or non-pertinent comparison groups
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Catheter-Based Intracardiac Procedures:
Nonrandomized comparative studies
|Comparisons of TEE with other diagnostic modalities |
| |
1. Abdel-Massih T, Dulac Y, Taktak A, Aggoun Y, Massabuau P, Elbaz M, Carrie D, Acar P: Assessment of atrial septal defect size with 3D-transesophageal echocardiography: comparison with balloon method. Echocardiography 2005; 22:121-127
2. Alboliras ET, Hijazi ZM: Comparison of costs of intracardiac echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography in monitoring percutaneous device closure of atrial septal defect in children and adults. Am J Cardiol 2004; 94:690-692
3. Boccalandro F, Muench A, Salloum J, Awadalla H, Carter C, Barasch E, Smalling RW: Interatrial defect sizing by intracardiac and transesophageal echocardiography compared with fluoroscopic measurements in patients undergoing percutaneous transcatheter closure. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004; 62:415-420
4. Durongpisitkul K, Tang NL, Soongswang J, Laohaprasitiporn D, Nana A, Kangkagate C: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of atrial septal defect for transcatheter closure. J Med Assoc Thai 2002; 85 Suppl 2:S658-S666
5. El-Said HG, Bezold LI, Grifka RG, Pignatelli RH, McMahon CJ, Schutte DA, Smith EO, Mullins CE: Sizing of atrial septal defects to predict successful closure with transcatheter cardioSEAL device. Tex Heart Inst J 2001; 28:177-182
6. Goswami KC, Narang R, Bahl VK, Talwar KK, Manchanda SC: Comparative evaluation of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography in detection of left atrial thrombus before percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy. Do all patients need transesophageal examination? Int J Cardiol 1997; 62:237-249
7. Nusser T, Hoher M, Merkle N, Grebe OC, Spiess J, Kestler HA, Rasche V, Kochs M, Hombach V, Wohrle J: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and transesophageal echocardiography in patients with transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48:322-329
8. Tamborini G, Pepi M, Susini F, Trabattoni D, Maltagliati A, Berna G, Onorato E, Bartorelli AL: Comparison of two- and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in patients undergoing atrial septal closure with the amplatzer septal occluder. Am J Cardiol 2002; 90:1025-1028
9. Zhu W, Cao QL, Rhodes J, Hijazi ZM: Measurement of atrial septal defect size: a comparative study between three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography and the standard balloon sizing methods. Pediatr Cardiol 2000; 21:465-469
Observational studies, case reports, or non-pertinent comparison groups
1. Argenziano M, Oz MC, Kohmoto T, Morgan J, Dimitui J, Mongero L, Beck J, Smith CR: Totally endoscopic atrial septal defect repair with robotic assistance. Circulation 2003; 108:II191-II194
2. Banerjee A, Bengur AR, Li JS, Homans DC, Toher C, Bank AJ, Marx GR, Rhodes J, Das GS: Echocardiographic characteristics of successful deployment of the Das AngelWings atrial septal defect closure device: initial multicenter experience in the United States. Am J Cardiol 1999; 83:1236-1241
3. Bartel T, Konorza T, Arjumand J, Ebradlidze T, Eggebrecht H, Caspari G, Neudorf U, Erbel R: Intracardiac echocardiography is superior to conventional monitoring for guiding device closure of interatrial communications. Circulation 2003; 107:795-797
4. Brochu MC, Baril JF, Dore A, Juneau M, De Guise P, Mercier LA: Improvement in exercise capacity in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic adults after atrial septal defect percutaneous closure. Circulation 2002; 106:1821-1826
5. Cao Q, Radtke W, Berger F, Zhu W, Hijazi ZM: Transcatheter closure of multiple atrial septal defects. Initial results and value of two- and three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography. Eur Heart J 2000; 21:941-947
6. Carcagni A, Presbitero P: New echocardiographic diameter for Amplatzer sizing in adult patients with secundum atrial septal defect: preliminary results. Cath Cardio Interv 2004; 62:409-414
7. Chan KC, Godman MJ, Walsh K, Wilson N, Redington A, Gibbs JL: Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect and interatrial communications with a new self expanding nitinol double disc device (Amplatzer septal occluder): multicentre UK experience. Heart 1999; 82:300-306
8. Chang CH, Lin PJ, Chu JJ, Liu HP, Tsai FC, Chung YY, Kung CC, Lin FC, Chiang CW, Su WJ, Yang MW, Tan PP: Surgical closure of atrial septal defect. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery or median sternotomy? Surg Endosc 1998; 12:820-824
9. Chen TH, Chan KC, Cheng YJ, Wang MJ, Tsai SK: Bedside pericardiocentesis under the guidance of transesophageal echocardiography in a 13-month-old boy. J Formos Med Assoc 2001; 100:620-622
10. Du ZD, Koenig P, Cao QL, Waight D, Heitschmidt M, Hijazi ZM: Comparison of transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect using the Amplatzer septal occluder associated with deficient versus sufficient rims. Am J Cardiol 2002; 90:865-869
11. Figueroa MI, Balaguru D, McClure C, Kline CH, Radtke WA, Shirali GS: Experience with use of multiplane transesophageal echocardiography to guide closure of atrial septal defects using the amplatzer device. Pediatr Cardiol 2002; 23:430-436
12. Fischer G, Kramer HH, Stieh J, Harding P, Jung O: Transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects with the new self-centering Amplatzer Septal Occluder. Eur Heart J 1999; 20:541-549
13. Kaulitz R, Paul T, Hausdorf G: Extending the limits of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects with the double umbrella device (CardioSEAL). Heart 1998; 80:54-59
14. Leung DY, Black IW, Cranney GB, McCredie RM, Hopkins AP, Walsh WF: Resolution of left atrial spontaneous echocardiographic contrast after percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty: implications for thromboembolic risk. Am Heart J 1995; 129:65-70
15. Lin JM, Hsu KL, Hwang JJ, Li YH, Tseng YZ: Effects of percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty on left atrial appendage flow velocity. Am J Cardiol 1995; 76:609-611
16. Lin SM, Tsai SK, Wang JK, Han YY, Jean WH, Yeh YC: Supplementing transesophageal echocardiography with transthoracic echocardiography for monitoring transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects with attenuated anterior rim: a case series. Anesth Analg 2003; 96:1584-1588
17. Oho S, Ishizawa A, Akagi T, Dodo H, Kato H: Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects with the Amplatzer septal occluder--a Japanese clinical trial. Circ J 2002; 66:791-794
18. Schwerzmann M, Windecker S, Wahl A, Mehta H, Nedeltchev K, Mattle H, Seiler C, Meier B: Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale: impact of device design on safety and efficacy. Heart 2004; 90:186-190
19. Scott NS, King ME, McQuillan B, Shariff S, Hung JW, Januzzi JL, Palacios IF, Picard MH: Effect of atrial septal mobility on transcatheter closure of interatrial communications. Echocardiography 2003; 20:711-714
20. Secknus MA, Asher CR, Scalia GM, Cosgrove DM 3rd, Stewart WJ: Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in minimally invasive cardiac valve surgery. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1999; 12:231-236
21. Sievert H, Babic UU, Hausdorf G, Schneider M, Hopp HW, Pfeiffer D, Pfisterer M, Friedli B, Urban P: Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale with ASDOS device (a multi-institutional European trial). Am J Cardiol 1998; 82:1405-1413
22. Wang JK, Tsai SK, Wu MH, Lin MT, Lue HC: Short- and intermediate-term results of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect with the Amplatzer Septal Occluder. Am Heart J 2004; 148:511-517
23. Yoshida Y, Kubo S, Tamaki S, Inoue K: Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy for mitral stenosis patients with markedly severe mitral valve deformity: immediate results and long-term clinical outcome. Am J Cardiol 1995; 76:406-408
Pacemaker and ICD Lead Extraction:
Nonrandomized comparative studies
Comparisons of TEE with other diagnostic modalities
1. Victor F, De Place C, Camus C, Le Breton H, Leclercq C, Pavin D, Mabo P, Daubert C: Pacemaker lead infection: echocardiographic features, management, and outcome. Heart 1999; 81:82-87
Observational studies, case reports, or non-pertinent comparison groups
1. Dumont E, Camus C, Victor F, de Place C, Pavin D, Alonso C, Mabo P, Daubert JC: Suspected pacemaker or defibrillator transvenous lead infection. Prospective assessment of a TEE-guided therapeutic strategy. Eur Heart J 2003; 24:1779-1787
2. Kranidis A, Filippatos G, Koulouris S, Charitos C, Sioula E: Pacemaker endocarditis with sizeable vegetation and intermittent fever. Echocardiography 2003; 20:295-296
3. Mehta A, Fisher MA, Jain AC, Graeber G, Mehta M: Right ventricular endocarditis due to infection of pacemaker apparatus. W V Med J 1998; 94:195-197
4. Miralles A, Moncada V, Chevez H, Rodriguez R, Granados J, Castells E: Pacemaker endocarditis: approach for lead extraction in endocarditis with large vegetations. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 72:2130-2132
5. Ruttmann E, Hangler HB, Kilo J, Hofer D, Muller LC, Hintringer F, Muller S, Laufer G, Antretter H: Transvenous pacemaker lead removal is safe and effective even in large vegetations: an analysis of 53 cases of pacemaker lead endocarditis. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2006; 29:231-236
6. Voet JG, Vandekerckhove YR, Muyldermans LL, Missault LH, Matthys LJ: Pacemaker lead infection: report of three cases and review of the literature. Heart 1999; 81:88-91
II. Non Cardiac Surgery
Neurosurgery:
Nonrandomized comparative studies
Comparisons of TEE with other diagnostic modalities
1. Stendel R, Gramm HJ, Schroder K, Lober C, Brock M: Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography as a screening technique for detection of a patent foramen ovale before surgery in the sitting position. Anesthesiology 2000; 93:971-975
Observational studies, case reports, or non-pertinent comparison groups
1. Draganov J, Scheeren TW: Incidental detection of paradoxical air embolism with a transoesophageal Doppler probe inserted for measuring descending aortic blood flow. Br J Anaesth 2003; 90:520-522
2. Greim CA, Trautner H, Kramer K, Zimmermann P, Apfel CC, Roewer N: The detection of interatrial flow patency in awake and anesthetized patients: a comparative study using transnasal transesophageal echocardiography. Anesth Analg 2001; 92:1111-1116
3. Kwapisz MM, Deinsberger W, Muller M, Nopens H, Neuhauser C, Klasen J, Hempelmann G: Transesophageal echocardiography as a guide for patient positioning before neurosurgical procedures in semi-sitting position. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2004; 16:277-281
4. Machinis TG, Fountas KN, Hudson J, Robinson JS, Troup EC: Accurate placement of the distal end of a ventriculoatrial shunt with the aid of real-time transesophageal echocardiography. J Neorosurg 2006; 153:153-156
5. Mammoto T, Hayashi Y, Ohnishi Y, Kuro M: Incidence of venous and paradoxical air embolism in neurosurgical patients in the sitting position: detection by transesophageal echocardiography. Acta Anaesth Scand 1998; 42:643-647
6. Reeves ST, Bevis LA, Bailey BN: Positioning a right atrial air aspiration catheter using transesophageal echocardiography. J Neurosurg Anesthesiology 1996; 8:123-125
Liver Transplantation:
| |
|Observational studies, case reports, or non-pertinent comparison groups |
| |
1. Sharma A, Pagel PS, Bhatia A: Intraoperative iatrogenic acute pericardial tamponade: use of rescue transesophageal echocardiography in a patient undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2005; 19:364-366
Orthopedic Surgery:
Observational studies, case reports, or non-pertinent comparison groups
1. Ashidagawa M, Ohara M, Koide Y: An intraoperative diagnosis of dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction using transesophageal echocardiography leads to the treatment with intravenous disopyramide. Anesth Analg 2002; 94:310-312
2. Dang CP, Pereon Y, Champin P, Delecrin J, Passuti N: Paradoxical air embolism from patent foramen ovale in scoliosis surgery. Spine 2002; 27:E291-295
3. Zvara DA, Olympio MA, Frankland MJ, Wilson JA: Dynamic left ventricular outflow obstruction during lumbar laminectomy as an unexpected cause of intraoperative hypotension. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2002; 14:146-148
Vascular/Endovascular Surgery:
Nonrandomized comparative studies
Comparisons of TEE with other diagnostic modalities
1. Abe S, Ono S, Murata K, Tomochika Y, Kimura K, Fujino T, Ueda K, Tone T, Tanaka N, Takenaka H, Zempo N, Esato K, Matsunaga N, Matsuzaki M: Usefulness of transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring in transluminal endovascular stent-graft repair for thoracic aortic aneurysm. Jpn Circ J 2000; 64: 960-964
2. Koschyk DH, Nienaber CA, Knap M, Hofmann T, Kodolitsch YV, Skriabina V, Ismail M, Franzen O, Rehders TC, Dieckmann C, Lund G, Reichenspurner H, Meinertz T: How to guide stent-graft implantation in type B aortic dissection? Comparison of angiography, transesophageal echocardiography, and intravascular ultrasound. Circulation 2005; 112:I260-1264
3. Swaminathan M, Lineberger CK, McCann RL, Mathew JP: The importance of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in endovascular repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms. Anesth Analg 2003; 97:1566-1572
Observational studies, case reports, or non-pertinent comparison groups
1. Corda DM, Caruso LJ, Mangano D: Myocardial ischemia detected by transesophageal echocardiography in a patient undergoing peripheral vascular surgery. J Clin Anesth 2000; 12:491-497
2. Cuypers PW, Gardien M, Buth J, Peels CH, Charbon JA, Hop WC: Randomized study comparing cardiac response in endovascular and open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Br J Surg 2001; 88:1059-1065
3. Draznin J, Spencer KT: Squamous cell carcinoma masquerading as a thoracic intramural hematoma. Echocardiography 2001; 18:175-177
4. Fattori R, Caldarera I, Rapezzi C, Rocchi G, Napoli G, Parlapiano M, Favali M, Pierangeli A, Gavelli G: Primary endoleakage in endovascular treatment of the thoracic aorta: importance of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000; 120:490-495
5. Fisher MA, Henry D, Gillam L, Chen C: Toxic methemoglobinemia: a rare but serious complication of transesophageal echocardiography. Can J Cardiol 1998; 14:1157-1160
6. Gonzalez-Fajardo JA, Gutierrez V, San Roman JA, Serrador A, Arreba E, Del Rio L, Martin M, Carrera S, Vaquero C: Utility of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography during endovascular stent-graft repair of acute thoracic aortic dissection. Ann Vasc Surg 2002; 16:297-303
7. Kharasch ED, Sivarajan M: Gastroesophageal perforation after intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. Anesthesiology 1996; 85:426-428
8. Kolev N, Ihra G, Swanevelder J, Spiss CK, Hartmann T, Zimpfer M: Biplane transoesophageal echocardiographic detection of myocardial ischaemia in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing non-cardiac surgery: segmental wall motion vs. electrocardiography and haemodynamic performance. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1997; 14:412-420
9. Martin M, Moris C, Hevia S, Lee D, Lozano I, Avanzas P, Diaz Molina B, Llaneza JM, Vega F, Fernandez F, Llosa JC: Intimal dehiscence during endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic dissection. Int J Cardiol 2007; 114:e1-e2
10. Moskowitz DM, Kahn RA, Konstadt SN, Mitty H, Hollier LH, Marin ML: Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography as an adjuvant to fluoroscopy during endovascular thoracic aortic repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1999; 17:22-27
11. Orihashi K, Matsuura Y, Sueda T, Watari M, Okada K, Sugawara Y, Ishii O: Echocardiography-assisted surgery in transaortic endovascular stent grafting: role of transesophageal echocardiography. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000; 120:672-678
12. Ouattara A, Boccara G, Chiche L, Coriat P: Intraoperative diagnosis of an unsuspected left atrial myxoma by transesophageal echocardiography. Anesth Analg 2002; 94:1458-1459
13. Rocchi G, Lofiego C, Biagini E, Piva T, Bracchetti G, Lovato L, Parlapiano M, Ferlito M, Rapezzi C, Branzi A, Fattori R: Transesophageal echocardiography-guided algorithm for stent-graft implantation in aortic dissection. J Vasc Surg 2004; 40:880-885
14. Talke P, Li J, Jain U, Leung J, Drasner K, Hollenberg M, Mangano DT: Effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine infusion in patients undergoing vascular surgery. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. Anesthesiology 1995; 82:620-633
Other Major Surgery:
Observational studies, case reports, or non-pertinent comparison groups
1. Barletta G, Del BM, Palminiello A, Fantini F: Left-ventricular diastolic dysfunction during pneumonectomy--a transesophageal echocardiographic study. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996; 44:92-96
2. Bein B, Renner J, Scholz J, Tonner PH: An undiagnosed, massive pericardial effusion with a swinging heart. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2006; 20:242-244
3. Gorcsan J 3rd, Edwards TD, Ziady GM, Katz WE, Griffith BP: Transesophageal echocardiography to evaluate patients with severe pulmonary hypertension for lung transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg 1995; 59:717-722
4. Huang YC, Cheng YJ, Lin YH, Wang MJ, Tsai SK: Graft failure caused by pulmonary venous obstruction diagnosed by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography during lung transplantation. Anesth Analg 2000; 91:558-560
5. Memtsoudis SG, Rosenberger P, Loffler M, Eltzschig HK, Mizuguchi A, Shernan SK, Fox JA: The usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography during intraoperative cardiac arrest in noncardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 2006; 102:1653-1657
6. Michel-Cherqui M, Brusset A, Liu N, Raffin L, Schlumberger S, Ceddaha A, Fischler M: Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiographic assessment of vascular anastomoses in lung transplantation. A report on 18 cases. Chest 1997; 111:1229-1235
7. O'Hara JF, Jr., Sprung J, Whalley D, Lewis B, Zanettin G, Klein E: Transesophageal echocardiography in monitoring of intrapulmonary embolism during inferior vena cava tumor resection. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1999; 13:69-71
8. Sasaoka N, Kawaguchi M, Sha K, Sakamoto T, Shimokawa M, Kitaguchi K, Furuya H: Intraoperative immediate diagnosis of acute obstruction of tricuspid valve and pulmonary embolism due to renal cell carcinoma with transesophageal echocardiography. Anesthesiology 1997; 87: 998-1001
9. Sigman DB, Hasnain JU, Del Pizzo JJ, Sklar GN: Real-time transesophageal echocardiography for intraoperative surveillance of patients with renal cell carcinoma and vena caval extension undergoing radical nephrectomy. J Urol 1999; 161:36-38
10. Suriani RJ, Neustein S, Shore-Lesserson L, Konstadt S: Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography during noncardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1998; 12:274-280
III. Critical Care (Postoperative: CCU, ICU)
Nonrandomized comparative studies
Comparisons of TEE with other diagnostic modalities
1. Costachescu T, Denault A, Guimond JG, Couture P, Carignan S, Sheridan P, Hellou G, Blair L, Normandin L, Babin D, Allard M, Harel F, Buithieu J: The hemodynamically unstable patient in the intensive care unit: Hemodynamic vs. transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring. Crit Care Med 2002; 30:1214-1223
Observational studies, case reports, or non-pertinent comparison groups
1. Anderson D, Wibbenmeyer L, Morgan L, Kerber R, Kealey GP: Left atrial thrombus after emergency left atrial cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass. J Trauma 2000; 49:345-347
2. Aoyagi S, Tayama E, Nishimi M, Chihara S, Onizuka S, Fukunaga S: Aortic dissections complicating open cardiac surgery: report of three cases. Surg Today 2000; 30:1022-1025
3. Brown J, Ryder I, Wilde P, Ciulli F: Pulmonary edema following aortic valve replacement. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2002; 16:123-124
4. Fukui T, Suehiro S, Shibata T, Hattori K, Hirai H: Retropericardial hematoma complicating off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 73:1629-1631
5. Hearn CJ, Smedira NG: Pulmonic valve endocarditis after orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Transpl Surg 1999; 5:456-457
6. Hill SL, Berul CI, Patel HT, Rhodes J, Supran SE, Cao QL, Hijazi ZM: Early ECG abnormalities associated with transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects using the Amplatzer septal occluder. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2000; 4:469-474
7. Krake PR, Zaman F, Tandon N: Native quadruple-valve endocarditis caused by enterococcus faecalis. Tex Heart Inst J 2004; 31:90-92
8. Lopez-Candales A, Kaczorowski D, Pellegrini R: An unusual clinical presentation resembling superior vena cava syndrome post heart surgery. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2005; 3:31
9. Ninomiya M, Takamoto S, Kotsuka Y, Ohtsuka T: Left atrial dissection after double valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 75:584-586
10. Ochiai Y, Morita S, Tanoue Y, Kawachi Y, Tominaga R, Yasui H: Use of transesophageal echocardiography for postoperative evaluation of right ventricular function. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 67:146-152
11. Orr WP, Banning AP: Aortic atherosclerotic debris detected by trans-oesophageal echocardiography—a risk factor for cholesterol embolization. QJM 1999; 92:341-346
12. Ortu P, Mestres CA, Miro JM, Pomar JL: Staphylococcal postoperative subannular left ventricular false aneurysm. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2003; 23:244-245
13. Paci AM, Lattanzi F, Cabani E, Conti U, De Tommasi SM: Non-obstructive prosthetic aortic valve thrombosis presenting with acute myocardial infarction and stroke in a patient with inadequate low-molecular-weight heparin treatment. The unlucky patient and the (pseudo) prudent physician. J Cardiovasc Med 2007; 8:277-280
14. Pascotto M, Severino S, Caso P, Covino F, Rossi G, Mininni N, Calabro R: Conservative therapeutic approach in a case of coronary dissection extending into the aortic root complicating coronary angioplasty. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005; 18:481-482
15. Shehata AR, Gillam LD, Weisburst MR, Chen C: Pericardial hematoma causing saphenous vein graft compression. Am Heart J 1996; 131:598-599
16. Tsubo T, Araki I, Ishihara H, Matsuki A: Atrial septal hematoma immediately after cardiac surgery: detection using transesophageal echocardiography. Anesthesiology 1995; 83:620-621
17. Yeh YL, Liu CK, Chang WK, Chan KH, Li JY, Tsai SK: Detection of right to left shunt by transesophageal echocardiography in a patient with postoperative hypoxemia. J Formos Med Assoc 2006; 105:418-421
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