Psychology 40S with Susan Lawrie, M.Ed. - Psychology 40S …
Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. CLEARLY indicate your response in the space provided. Illegible responses will be marked incorrect.____1.Given that more courts are awarding custody to adoptive parents rather than biological parents, there is a growing realization that:a.adoptive parents often hire better lawyers than biological parentsb.income and education level of parents needs to be consideredc.nature is importantd.nurture is important____2.Kyle is looking into buying a dog for his children. He learns that golden retrievers by their nature are very good with children. What does "by their nature" mean?a.It refers to how the dog is trained by the owner.b.Nature refers to how his children will interact with the dog.c.It refers to their genetic makeup.d."By their nature" refers to the dogs' genetic predisposition.____3.Individuals interested in biological, emotional, cognitive, and social factors across the life span are called:a.humanistic psychologistsb.behavioral psychologistsc.developmental psychologistsd.psychoanalytic psychologists____4.Professor Rose's most recent book describes the changes seen in the drawings of children from four to ten years of age. Professor Rose is most likely a:a.developmental psychologistb.behavioral psychologistc.humanistic psychologistd.biological psychologist____5.Samantha, a five-year-old, shows extraordinary musical ability. She is of average intelligence, can play the piano very well, and comes from a very musical family. Samantha is a:a.mnemonistb.autistic childc.prodigyd.savant____6.The term "savant" refers to people:a.with eidetic imagery abilitiesb.who have photographic memoriesc.who are mentally retarded with unusual artistic or mathematical abilitiesd.who have eidetic memory____7.What percent contribution does the father make to a child's genetic instructions?a.depends if the instructions are for behavior or biological functioningb.depends on age of fatherc.50%d.75% for male children; 25% for female children____8.You are listening to a talk show on television discussing intelligence. Right before a commercial, the host says, "When we return to our discussion of nature and nurture, we will find out which one is more important." What is your learned reaction to his statement?a."The question should not be 'which is more important' but how nature and nurture interact."b."Everyone knows that nurture is more important than nature."c."Everyone knows that nature is more important than nurture."d."How can we know which is more important since psychologists do not study these topics?"____9.The period that lasts nine months, extending from conception to birth is called the ____ period.a.prenatalb.embryonicc.germinald.fetal____10.The three phases of the prenatal period in the correct order are:a.germinal, fascia, zygoteb.embryonic, preoperational, operationalc.mitosial, chromosomal, fetald.germinal, embryonic, fetal____11.The briefest period of prenatal development is the:a.germinal stageb.embryonic stagec.fetal staged.baby-making stage____12.Which of the following is not a stage in prenatal development?a.zygoteb.embryonicc.germinald.fetal____13.The germinal period starts at ____ and lasts ____.a.conception; 4 weeksb.4 weeks; 8 weeksc.8 weeks; until birthd.conception; 2 weeks____14.____ refers to the release of an ovum from a woman's ovaries.a.Conceptionb.Ovulationc.Amniocentesisd.Fertilization____15.The Curtis family is made up of mom and dad, 8-year-old Susan, 5-year-old Grant, and the identical twins Christopher and Carson. In regard to genetic make-up, Christopher is most similar to his:a.motherb.fatherc.identical twind.Brother____16.Identical twins result from:a.the release and fertilization of two ovab.the release of more than 23 strands of chromosomesc.a single ovum that splits into two parts after fertilizationd.an extra 21st chromosome produced by the father's sperm____17.Conception occurs when:a.ova are released by the fallopian tubesb.the baby is bornc.a sperm penetrates the ovum's membraned.the embryo develops____18.Following fertilization, the single cell is called a(n):a.embryob.germinalc.ovumd.zygote____19.Which of the following marks the end of the germinal period?a.fertilization of the ovumb.the zygote attached itself to the wall of the uterusc.cells divide and differentiate into bone, muscle, and organsd.the birth of the fetus____20.Why do most major birth defects occur during the embryonic stage?a.The amniotic fluid can "leak" into the embryo and cause damage.b.The placenta is still developing and does a poor job protecting the embryo.c.Most women do not know they are pregnant until the fetal stage.d.Most of the basic organs are being formed during the embryonic stage.____21.Most miscarriages occur:a.when the fetus is bornb.in the embryonic stagec.in the germinal staged.during conception____22.The fetal period is characterized by:a.conception and fertilizationb.attachment to the wall of the uterusc.functioning vital organs and human physical characteristicsd.the beginnings of the spinal cord, heart, and other organs____23.Denise is pregnant and has an ultrasound to "see" her unborn baby. Denise's doctor can clearly identify the baby as a female. This suggests that the baby is in the ____ period of prenatal development.a.zygoteb.embryonicc.fetald.germinal____24.A six-month-old fetus has a good chance of surviving if born prematurely. Why?a.the lungs functionb.it has enough body fat to maintain body temperaturec.its nervous system is functionald.the heart begins to beat around this time____25.Down syndrome and similar genetic abnormalities can be identified during prenatal development through:a.amniocentesisb.ovulationc.the Lamaze methodd.the proximodistal procedure____26.The medical test called ____ is performed to indicate genetic problems like ____.a.teratogen identification; lead poisoningb.placentosis; fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)c.fetal stage assessment; brain damaged.amniocentesis; Down syndrome____27.The substance that is analyzed in amniocentesis is:a.the blood plasma of the motherb.the cerebrospinal fluid of the babyc.the blood of the babyd.amniotic fluid____28.The organ that connects the mother's blood supply to that of the fetus is called the:a.germinalb.teratogenc.placentad.blood-baby barrier____29.The blood supply of the fetus is partially protected by the:a.germinalb.placentac.teratogend.amniotic fluid____30.Chemicals that can cause birth defects are called:a.biohazardsb.teratogensc.amniocentesisd.biochemoses____31.Short-term effects of exposure to nicotine during prenatal development is associated with:a.poor muscle controlb.loss of reflexesc.temporary liver damaged.low birth weight____32.Prenatal exposure to lead is associated with:a.poor muscular controlb.lower IQ scoresc.liver damaged.stunted growth____33.Heavy drinking during pregnancy can result in:a.chromosomal damage to the fetusb.high levels of arousal in the newbornc.fetal alcohol syndromed.a newborn with a large appetite____34.If you believe what the textbook says about teratogens, you would tell all pregnant women to:a.watch their weight gain very carefullyb.get plenty of rest--even more as they approach deliveryc.avoid alcohol entirelyd.avoid becoming overly stressed____35.Which of the following is not generally seen in adolescents and adults with fetal alcohol syndrome?a.short statureb.dyslexiac.below average IQsd.poor socialization____36.A woman who is in the habit of having two drinks every day after work discovers that she is pregnant. If she follows the advice of medical findings, she will:a.cut her drinking in halfb.abstain from alcohol for the duration of her pregnancyc.maintain her drinking behavior since it is good for her heartd.drink beer after work since it will help her maintain valuable protein levels____37.The best piece of advice given to pregnant women regarding drug use would be:a.recreational drug use is probably okb.use of all drugs should be avoidedc.we do not know enough about the effects of drugs on prenatal development to give solid adviced.social drinking does not seem to have any effect on the unborn child____38.Chromosomes consist of:a.zygotesb.spermc.DNAd.phenotypes____39.In what specific structure is the "chemical alphabet" found--the alphabet that will provide the instructions for growth and development?a.zygotesb.genesc.DNAd.chromosomes____40.Infants first use their more developed arms, and then their fingers, whose control develops later--this is the:a.cephalocaudal principleb.proximodistal principlec.principle of maturationd.principle of normal development____41.Newborns have a preference for ____ tasting things.a.cool/acidicb.sourc.sweet/saltyd.bitter/cool____42.The visual cliff allowed Gibson and Walk to study:a.the proximodistal principleb.preference for complex patternsc.visual acuityd.depth perception____43.If a child stops on the shallow side of the visual cliff and refuses to cross the deep side, what is your most likely conclusion?a.The child is fatigued because crawling uses much energy.b.Depth perception prevents the child from crossing the cliff.c.The child has been distracted by something else.d.There is not enough incentive for the child to move.____44.Regarding the sensory development of the neonate, research has indicated that newborns:a.can discriminate between odorsb.do not distinguish between sounds until they are 6 months oldc.have no inborn preferences for tasted.cannot smell the difference between their mother and a stranger____45.Motor development involves the acquisition of:a.sensory abilities including hearing and tasteb.reflexive movements and abilitiesc.the muscular control necessary for coordinated movementd.language and speech patterns necessary for communication____46.The proximodistal principle states that parts of the body that are ____ develop before parts of the body that are ____.a.close to the center of the body; farther awayb.close to the head; close to the feetc.internal; externald.used for processing information; used for motor skills____47.Parts of the body which are close to the head develop before the parts closer to the feet according to the:a.proximodistal principleb.cephalocaudal principlec.visual cliffd.sensorimotor stage of development____48.Development occurs in a sequential and orderly fashion because of a genetic plan called:a.proximodistalb.cephalocaudalc.maturationd.norms for development____49.Should a parent be concerned if their 10-month-old is not crawling?a.No--development norms represent average ages and not absolute agesb.No--development norms have been shown to be falsec.Yes--the norms represent absolute agesd.No--maturation typically does not influence motor skills____50.In the early stages of motor development, ____ seems to be the major force guiding development.a.maturationb.learningc.experienced.Genetics____51.Development norms refer to:a.parts of the body growing at differing ratesb.the genetic plan by which individuals are createdc.development occurring in a sequential and orderly fashiond.the average age at which individuals perform skills____52.An infant's characteristic mood, activity level, and attention span are referred to as components of the infant's:a.temperamentb.personalityc.genotyped.phenotype____53.Brenda gave birth to fraternal twins. After a few months, Brenda notices that one twin is always happy and energetic, whereas the other twin is always fussy and fearful. Brenda's twins are showing differences in:a.vulnerabilityb.maturationc.resiliencyd.temperament____54.Tony and Julie describe their newborn, Carson, as happy and cheerful, with regular sleeping and eating habits, and the ability to adapt quickly. Carson has a(n) ____ temperament.a.easyb.positivec.optimald.optimistic____55.A baby who is more withdrawn, moody, and tends to take more time to adapt to new situations has a(n) ____ temperament.a.easyb.difficultc.slow-to-warm-upd.moderate____56.Bethany is a 9 month old baby with an easy temperament. If you studied her brain activity you would notice:a.more dense neural connectionsb.increased activity in the areas that are involved in memory transferc.increased activity in the brain areas that are involved with positive emotionsd.decreased activity in the corpus callosum____57.Emotional development is an interaction among:a.temperament and cognitionsb.maturation and norms for developmentc.genetic, cognitive and cultural factorsd.cephalocaudal and proximodistal principles____58.In the weeks shortly after birth, infants showed signs of all of the following except:a.sadnessb.interestc.distressd.Guilt____59.Tina is introducing her topic by saying, "Today I will be talking about the fundamental emotional bond that develops between the infant and the caregiver." What is the topic of her presentation?a.psychosocial developmentb.closenessc.temperamentd.attachment____60.What behavior can a newborn perform that triggers care and sympathy from the parent?a.eye contactb.first wordsc.cryingd.smiling____61.Jane and John were always able to leave baby Rebecca with a baby-sitter, but now, at 6 months of age, she begins to cry loudly when they leave. This separation anxiety indicates that Rebecca:a.is somewhat retarded in her developmentb.must have suffered some type of birth defectc.has formed a social attachment with her parentsd.will be a child who always clings to her parents____62.When 1-year-old Terrace is in new surroundings, he will explore freely if his mother watches him. If she leaves the room he begins to cry, but when she returns he smiles and stops fussing. Terrace would be considered a(n) ____ infant.a.securely attachedb.insecurely attachedc.unattachedd.disturbed____63.A study in which the same group of individuals is repeatedly studied across many years is known as a ____ study.a.longitudinalb.multilevelc.repetitionald.cross-sectional____64.The fact that researchers must wait many years for their subjects to grow older, and that subjects may drop out of the study for a variety of reasons, are disadvantages of:a.cross-sectional designsb.amniocentesisc.longitudinal methodsd.the nature-nurture question____65.A study in which a group of individuals of different ages is studied at the same time is a ____ study.a.longitudinalb.multilevelc.repetitionald.cross-sectional____66.A disadvantage of the cross-sectional method is that:a.subjects tend to drop out of the studyb.it is difficult to track people over several yearsc.it prevents the study of people across the life-spand.it does not examine the development in each person over time____67.Sophia is a very shy and inhibited six-year-old. What should her parents do?a.provide her with support and encouragementb.show their anger at her shynessc.nothing--she'll outgrow itd.protect her from any situation that may prove to be anxiety-provoking____68.Which of the following theorists studied the cognitive development of children?a.Sigmund Freudb.Erik Eriksonc.Carroll Izardd.Jean Piaget____69.Piaget called the incorporation of new objects into existing knowledge:a.assimilationb.object permanencec.conservationd.formal operations____70.For Jean Piaget, children deal with and adjust to the world through twin processes he called:a.conservation and revisionismb.motor learning and cognitive learningc.egocentric thinking and magical thinkingd.assimilation and accommodation____71.Which of the following is the correct sequence for Piaget's cognitive stages?a.preoperational, formal operations, sensorimotor, concrete operationsb.preoperational, permanent operations, egocentrism, formal operationsc.sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, formal operationsd.sensorimotor, egocentrism, concrete operations, permanent operations____72.Piaget called the knowledge that an object continues to exist even after it has been removed from view:a.existential constancyb.substance constancyc.item memoryd.object permanence____73.The concept of object permanence develops during the ____ stage.a.sensorimotorb.preoperationalc.concrete operationsd.formal operations____74.Children begin to use words to think about things that are out of sight during the ____ stage.a.object permanenceb.conservationc.preoperationald.formal operations____75.Use of symbols such as words and mental images, simple problem solving and talking about things not present characterizes the:a.sensorimotor stageb.preoperational stagec.classical staged.attachment stage____76.The term conservation refers to the fact that:a.the amount of a substance remains the same even though its shape changesb.children see and think about the world from other people's viewpointsc.infants interact with and learn about their environment through sensory experiencesd.symbols and words can be used to think about things that do not exist____77.Watching juice poured from a short, wide glass into a tall, narrow glass, the child cries, "I want [the tall] glass!" thus illustrating the problem of:a.object permanenceb.egocentric thinkingc.classificationd.Conservation____78.____ refers to seeing and thinking of the world from your own viewpoint and having difficulty appreciating another's viewpoint.a.Egotistical thinkingb.Egocentric thinkingc.Conceited thinkingd.Conservation____79.According to Piaget, the ability to solve problems in a logical manner is characteristic of which of the following stages?a.concrete operationsb.preoperationalc.formal operationsd.sensorimotor____80.In what stage can an individual consider abstract ideas and hypothetical concepts?a.conservationb.preoperationsc.concrete operationsd.formal operations____81.A child's primary goal is to satisfy desires associated with innate biological needs. This statement is characteristic of the theory of:a.Sigmund Freudb.Jean Piagetc.Erik Eriksond.Albert Bandura____82.A key component of Freud's psychosexual theory is ____ between child and parent.a.mutual municationc.conflictd.love____83.If an individual's wishes are overgratified or undergratified at any particular psychosexual stage, Freud would argue that ____ will occur.a.projectionb.fixationc.displacementd.Freudian slips____84.Which of the following is the correct order of psychosexual stages according to Freud?a.projection, fixation, displacement, genitalb.anal, oral, latency, phallic, genitalc.sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, formald.oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital____85.The first of Freud's stages of psychosexual development is called the:a.oral stageb.anal stagec.genital staged.undifferentiated stage____86.The second of Freud's stages of psychosexual development is called the:a.anal stageb.oral stagec.genital staged.undifferentiated stage____87.In Freud's psychosexual stages, when do sexual thoughts become repressed?a.oralb.analc.latencyd.genital____88.The final psychosexual stage, during which the adolescent experiences sexual feelings toward others, is called the ____ stage.a.genitalb.phallicc.latencyd.oral____89.Twelve-year-old Katelyn has started thinking more and more about boys. In which stage is Katelyn most likely?a.genitalb.phallicc.latencyd.oral____90.In his theory of development, Erik Erikson focused on:a.observationb.resiliencyc.psychosocial issuesd.psychosexual issues____91.According to Erikson, the first major task of the child is to:a.develop basic trustb.form an intimate attachment with another personc.become independent of the principal caretakerd.overcome natural feelings of shame____92.If the parents of the four-year-old boy encourage his ability to plan, he will successfully resolve the ____ stage.a.autonomy vs. shameb.initiative vs. guiltc.intimacy vs. isolationd.trust vs. mistrust____93.The influence of learning via imitation and observation on social development is central to:a.Freud's psychosexual stagesb.Erikson's psychosocial stagesc.Piaget's theory of cognitive developmentd.Bandura's social cognitive theory____94.Which of the following is a factor associated with resiliency in children?a.positive temperamentsb.androgynyc.aggressiond.conservation____95.Three-year-old Jenny knows she's a girl. Jenny's feeling and labeling as a female exemplifies:a.gender roleb.sex typingc.gender identityd.gender orientation____96.Denise instructs her six-year-old daughter to act like a young lady and to cross her legs when she sits on a chair. This expectation of behavior is an example of:a.androgynous beliefsb.dispositional traitsc.gender rolesd.gender stereotypes____97.According to research examining differences in gender roles around the world:a.young children show much similarity in gender rolesb.young children show many differences in gender rolesc.western cultures show more similarity in gender roles than eastern culturesd.cultures that emphasize strong family ties tend to show similarity in gender roles____98.The most common type of child abuse is:a.neglectb.physicalc.sexuald.emotional____99.The principle of bidirectionality states that:a.children's emotions swing rather rapidly between extremesb.mothers interact with their children in both play and caretakingc.children's behaviors influence adults' behaviors and vice versad.the same caretaker treatment can produce entirely different behavior in different infants____100.What factor seems to help children make the best recovery from sexual abuse?a.strong siblings who are not sexually abused themselvesb.a significant other like a friend or teacher who provides support and carec.strong support and care from a caregiverd.the father or stepfather apologizing for his behavior ................
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