Protein Synthesis Notes Review



Protein Synthesis Remediation

All questions and diagrams must be completed to receive ½ of the missed points back from your Ch. 12 test.

1. What are genes?

2. To make proteins, what does the DNA have to be decoded into?

3. What are the three parts that make up a RNA nucleotide?

4. What are the three differences between DNA and RNA?

5. If a DNA chain had the following sequence, CCGTAATAGCAT, what RNA nucleotides would attach to this sequence?

6. What is mRNA stand for and what does it do?

7. What is rRNA stand for and what does it do?

8. What is tRNA stand for and what does it do?

9. What process produces a section of DNA is copied into mRNA?

10. What enzyme does this process of transcription?

11. What are the two main steps that this enzyme does during transcription?

12. What are the extra sections of DNA that are NOT needed for making proteins?

13. What are the sections of DNA that code for proteins called?

14. Draw a diagram that shows what happens to introns and exons to make mRNA from DNA

15. What is a codon?

16. If a mRNA sequence had the following nucleotides: AAGGUCAGACGGUGA, how many codons are there?

17. What is the start codon?

18. What is Translation?

19. Where does Translation occur?

20. Where in the cell does transcription occur?

21. Where in the cell does translation occur?

22. When does translation begin?

23. What brings amino acids to the ribosome?

24. How many different amino acids can a tRNA carry?

25. What are the three unpaired bases at the bottom of a tRNA called?

26. What type of bond forms between amino acids?

27. What do the codons on mRNA specify?

28. What are the three main steps of protein synthesis?

29. Put the following terms in order how they would happen. mRNA, DNA, protein, ribosome

30. What instructions are found in genes?

31. How can cells that have the same DNA produce different proteins?

32. Compare and contrast (what is similar and different) the following terms:

Transcription Translation

33. Compare and contrast(what is similar and different) the following terms:

DNA RNA

For the statements below, write in the correct term: (some statements can have more than one answer)

mRNA tRNA DNA

34. Brings amino acids to the ribosome

35. Is made in the nucleus but moves to the cytoplasm.

36. Is made by RNA polymerase

37. Has the anticodon at the bottom.

38. Has the nucleotides Adenine, Guanine and Cytosine

39. Has codons on it

40. Ribosomes attach to this first to start translation.

41. Has the nucleotide Uracil

42. Is replicated by DNA Polymerase

43. Has the start codon

Use the diagram of translation to answer the questions: (use I, II, III, and IV)

44. Which is the mRNA

45. Which is a tRNA

46. Which was made by transcription

47. Which is an anticodon

48. Which shows a peptide bond between two

amino acids

49. Which would have codons on it

Determine if the statements below are true or false. If false, change the underlined word to make it true.

54. Sections of DNA that are NOT used to make proteins are exons

55. On DNA Adenine bonds to Thymine, on RNA Adenine bonds Cytosine

56. Transcription is the production of mRNA from the DNA template

57. Amino acids are transported to the mRNA by tRNA molecules

58. There is a hydrogen bond between each amino acid

59. Each codon codes for only ONE amino acid

60. DNA Polymerase is the main enzyme for DNA replication

Complete the diagram on the last page by filling in each circle with the appropriate word(s):

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Protein or polypeptide chain

Information that is cut out

Instructions left in

2 main steps

Part that pairs with codons

What is made

DNA

Brings amino acids

Organelle involved

Starts with

What is made

Starts with

Enzyme used

Happens in Cytoplasm

Happens in Nucleus

Protein Synthesis

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