BIOCHEMISTRY - Logan Class of December 2011



BIOCHEMISTRY

VIT K = SYNTHESIZED IN LIVER AND STORED THERE, PROTHROMBIN, < PROTHROMBIN TIME 1.

INCREASED.

RATE LIMITING ENZYME = PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY (OR HEXOSE MONOPHOSPHATE 2.

SHUNT)

GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE - THIS IS NEEDED TO FORM, LONG CHAIN FATTY ACIDS AND 3.

NUCLEIC ACIDS

NEEDS NADPH (Fatty Acid), RIBOSE 5 PHOSPHATE (Nucleic Acid) 4.

RIBOSE = PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY 5.

V MAX = KM (VELOCITY TO MAXIMUM) 6.

BETA 1,4, BONDS = LACTOSE = DISACCHARIDE 7.

CHO = MONOSACHARIDE – GLUCOSE, GALACTOSE, FRUCTOSE 8.

CHO = DISACCHARIDE – FRUCTOSE + GLUCOSE = SUCROSE, GALACTOSE + GLUCOSE = 9.

LACTOSE, GLUCOSE + GLUCOSE = MALTOSE

CHO = POLYSACCHARIDE = STARCH – GLYCOGEN = AMYLOSE 10.

AMYLASE = BREAKS DOWN POLYSACCHARIDE 11.

PLYLAIN = IS AMYLASE IN THE MOUTH 12.

PANCREATIC ENZYMES = BREAKDOWN TO MONOSACCHARIDES 13.

PARASYMPATHETIC = INSULIN = OPPOSITE EPINEPHRINE, CORTISOL, GLUCAGON 14.

SYMPATHETIC = EPINEPHRINE, CORTISOL, GLUCAGON 15.

LIPOLYSIS = EPINEPHRINE = GLYCOGENOLYSIS 16.

ANAEROBIC = WITHOUT OXYGEN 17.

AEROBIC = WITH OXYGEN 18.

GLYCOLYSIS = INSULIN-„³ INTO CELL „³ CO FACTOR CHROMIUM 19.

GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE (STORED) = IN THE LIVER 20.

ANAEROBIC -„³ LACTATE (LIFTING) = 2 ATP ’S 21.

AEROBIC -„³ PYRUVATE (RUNNING) = 38 GROSS, 36 NET ATP ’S (LOSE TWO IN PROCESS) 22.

PYRIMIDINE = ADENINE, GUANINE, THYMINE 23.

DNA DNA RNA RNA

PURINE PYRIMIDINE PURINE PYRIMIDINE

A T A URACIL

G C G C

5 1 AGATT3 1 3 1 TCTAA5 1 OPPOSITE EACH

OTHER

PVT TIM HALL = PHENYLALANINE, VALINE, TYROSINE, THREONINE, ISOLUCENE, 24.

METHIONINE, HISTAMINE, ALANINE, LINOLEIC, LINOLINIC

PROTEIN = AMINO ACID – GI, DI-PEPTIDE, POLY-PEPTIDE 25.

AMINO ACID = ESSENTIAL, NON-ESSENTIAL 26.

ESSENTIAL = PHENYLALANINE „³ TYROSINE -„³ L-DOPA „³DOPAMINE „³EPINEPHRINE, NOR- 27.

EPINEPHRINE

TRYPTOPHAN „³ SEROTONIN (SLEEP) = NIACIN is co factor 28.

AROMATIC = PHENYLALANINE (E), TRYPTOPHAN (E), TYROSINE (NE) 29.

SECONDARY STRUCTURES = PROTEIN – 4 STRUCTURES 30.

-PRIMARY = AMINO ACID

-SECONDARY = ALPHA HELIX IN BETA PLEATED SHEETS

-TERTIARY = HYDROGEN (DNA)

-QUATERNARY = GLOBULAR, MY OGLOBIN, HEMOGLOBIN

CARRIES MOST CHOLESTEROL – LDL = LOW LIPOPROTEIN, HDL = HIGH PROTEIN LOW 31.

CHOLESTEROL

BILIRUBIN (FORMED IN LIVER = DEGRADATION OF RBC HEME (JAUNDICE) 32.

ALBUMIN = MOST COMMON PROTEIN IN BODY 33.

GLOBULIN = 2 ND MOST COMMON PROTEIN IN THE BODY 34.

UREA CYCLE = (ARCO)„³ NITROGEN BREAKDOWN = AMINO ACID, AMMONIA 35.

ARGANINE

-CITROLINE -ORNATHINE

-TAKES

PLACE IN THE LIVER -DOES

NOT EFFECT VMAX = ADDITION OF A COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR 36.

TRANSFER FATTY ACID-„³ MITOCHONDRIA „³BETA-OXIDATION „³ACETYL COA „³KREBS 37.

CYCLE

KETONES = ACETONE, ACETOACITATE, BETA-HYDROXY-BUTARATE FROM – TRIGLYCERIDE- 38.

GLYCERAL-3FA-BETA-OXIDATION-ACTYL COA (LOW INSULIN LEVELS)

GLYCOLYSIS – CYTOSOL, CYTOPLASM = CITRATE „³KREBS CYCLE „³BETA- 39.

OXIDATION „³MITOCHONDRIA „³CARNITINE „³(TRANSPORTER OF CARBS)

INCREASED FOLIC ACID INTAKE = MACROCYTIC MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 40.

B12 DEFICIENCY = MACROCYTIC MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA – PERNICIOUS ANEMIA 41.

COMBINED SYSTEM DZ OR PLS = IRREVERSIBLE DEGENERATION OF POSTERIOR COLUMNS 42.

(B12)

B12 DEFICIENCY = ALCOHOLISM – PARIETAL CELLS (- HCL, -INTRINSIC FACTOR) 43.

INTRINSIC FACTOR = ABSORBED IN DISTAL ILIUM -INJECT

B12 TO REPLACE (BYPASS GI SYSTEM) -POSTERIOR

COLUMNS = FACICULIS GRACILUS (LOWER LIMB), FACICULIS CUNEATUS (UPPER 44.

LIMB)

SPINAL CORD INFO -PROPRIOCEPTION -2

POINT DISCRIMINATION -VIBRATION -POSITION

SENSE

-GRAPHESTHESIA -STEREOGNOSIS -FATTY ACID BIOSYNTHESIS TRANSFERS CARBON TO MITOCHONDRIA =

CITRATE 45.

NUCLEOTIDE = BASE + SUGAR + PHOSPHATE 46.

NUCLEOCIDE = BASE + SUGAR 47.

LOOK UP DRAWING OF KREBS CYCLE (ATP ’S, ADP ’s, OXACETYLACETATE) 48.

PYRUVATE „³ LACTATE = LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE 49.

IRON DEFICEINCY = EFFECTS NAILS, MICROCYTIC 50.

ENZYME LOWER THE ACTIVATION OF ENERGY 51.

RNA STRAND = 3 1 CUG5 1 52.

VITAMINS ARE CO-FACTORS OF ENZYMES = BIOTIN 53.

CARBOXYLASE = ADD A CARBON 54.

DECARBOXYLASE = REMOVE A CARBON 55.

HYDROGENASE = HYDROGEN (REDUCTION) 56.

DEHYDROGENASE = REMOVE A H+ (OXIDASE) 57.

B1 = THIAMIN = BIOTIN 58.

NADPH + FADH = CAN GIVE UP A HYDROGEN, BECOMES NAD & FAD 59.

KINASE = ADD A PHOSPHATE = CO-FACTOR- MAGNESIUM 60.

TRANSAMINASE = B6 PYRIDOXINE 61.

ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID – LINOLEIC, ARACHIDONIC, LINOLINIC 62.

LONG CHAIN FATTY ACID = NADPH 63.

VITAMIN B1 „` - THIAMIN „` = BERI BERI (DEGENERATION OF WHITE MATTER) 64.

MALATE = 65.

MICHAELIS MENTO RX = 66.

„` HMG COA = ↓ CHO SYNTHESIS 67.

APOENZYME OF A HALOENZYME = PROTEIN 68.

LETHAL IN HIGH DOSE = VITAMIN D 69.

VITAMIN D = ACTIVATED IN SKIN, LIVER, KIDNEY 70.

DOES NOT CONTAIN ACID OR BASE = CITRATE 71.

PROSTAGLANDINS – ARACHIDONIC ACID aka ECOSINOIDS 72.

SECONDARY = HYDROGEN BONDS 73.

TRIGLYCEROL = ESTER BONDS 74.

GLUCOSE „³ 2 LACTATE = 2 ATP, ONAPH 75.

INTRAMITOCHONDRIAL SPACE IS MORE ACIDIC 76.

„^ CHOLESTEROL, INHIBITS = HMG COA REDUCTASE 77.

TRANSCRIPTION „³ DNA „³mRNA 78.

FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS „³MALYNAL COA 79.

NIACIN – B3 – NADH (TRYPTOPHAN) 80.

GALACTOSE (STRUCTURE) LOOK AT PICTURE 81.

GLYCOGENOSIS = UDP 82.

UDP = URACIL DI PHOSPHATE 83.

END OF CHEMISTRY

PHYSIOLOGY

RAPIDLY ADAPTING RECEPTORS = PACINIAN CORPUSCLES 1.

SMALLEST RESPIRATORY VOLUME = TIDAL VOLUME 2.

LUNG VOLUME REMAIN = RESIDUAL 3.

PO 2 DETECTED BY = CHEMORECEPTORS OF CAROTID BODY 4.

SPERM PRODUCTION = FSH 5.

PROGESTERONE = UTERINE PREP FOR IMPLANT 6.

REABSORBTION OF NA+ = ALDOSTERONE 7.

RENIN – CONVERTS ANGIOTENSON TO ANGIOTENSIN 8.

INCREASED THIRST - ↑ OSMOLARITY OF CELLS 9.

FUNCTION OF MONOCYTE = ANTIGEN PRESENTING 10.

INSULIN – INHIBITS FAT STORAGE 11.

ENTEROKINASE – TRYPSINOGEN 12.

GLUCOSE – PCT STORAGE 13.

INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF LEYDIG = STIM FSH, SECRET TESTOSTERONE 14.

INTERSTITIAL CELL STIMULATING HORMONE = LH 15.

PARATHYROID HORMONE = CA+ RELEASE 16.

GFR PROMOTION = HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE OF GLOMERULAR CAPILLARIES 17.

ACID BASE BALANCE REGULATOR = KIDNEYS 18.

SALTITORY CONDUCTION – MYLENATED 19.

HYPERPOLARIZATION OF NERVE = ↑ RESISTANCE TO FIRING 20.

ADEMA = INCREASED VENOUS PRESSURE 21.

MYOSIN FIBERS = H BAND 22.

ANGIOTENSIN II – ALDOSTERONE 23.

MOST ABUNDANT ION IN CELL = K+ (POTASSIUM) 24.

RESTING NERVE CELL = K+ 25.

MEMBRANE POTENTIAL = HYPERPOLARIZED 26.

HYPERVENTILATION = RESP. ALKALOSIS 27.

INHIBIN = INHIBITS LH 28.

CHEMORECEPTORS = SODIUM 29.

CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTORS = ↑ PCO2 ↓PO2 30.

MAX EXPIRATION/MAX INSPIRATION = VIDAL CAPACITY 31.

CHRONIC LIVER DAMAGE EFFECT = LIPIDS 32.

MAJOR FUNCTION OF KIDNEYS = URINE PRODUCTION 33.

CORPUS LUTEUM = LH 34.

PANCREAS SECRETES = SOMATOSTATIN, ↓ INSULIN AND GASTRIN 35.

SOMATOTROPIN = GROWTH HORMONE 36.

SECRETIN = BI CARB 37.

MS EXERCISE = 38.

ISOTONIC = FORCED CONSTANT LENGTH CHANGES -ECCENTRIC

= LENGTHENING -CONCENTRIC

= LENGTHENS / RESISTS -ISOMETRIC

= NO CHANGE DURING CONTRACTION -1

ST AUDIBLE SOUND IN DIASTOLIC = CLOSURE OF SEMI LUNAR VALVE 39.

PRODUCED IN DUODENUM = CHOLECYSTOKINASE (STIM. PANCREATIC ENZYMES = 40.

GASTRIN, HISTAMINE)

SALITORY = ACTION POTENTIAL CAN OCCUR ONLY AT THE NODES OF RANVIER 41.

LOCATION OF MICROVILLI IN KIDNEY =PCT 42.

MOST ABUNDANT IMMUNOGLOBIN = IgG 43.

CROSSES PLACENTA = IgG 44.

IgE = ALLERGY -IgA

= SECRETIONS -IgM

= LARGEST, BLOOD TYPING -FOLLICULAR

HORMONE = PROLIFERATION PHASE OF CYCLE 45.

ANTICOAGULANT = HEPARIN 46.

SA NODE CONDUCTION OCCURS DUE TO = SLOW CA+ CHANNELS 47.

ZONE THAT DOES NOT CHANGE = A BAND 48.

DISAPPEARS WITH MS CONTRACTION = H BAND 49.

PREVENTS BINDING OF MYOSIN/ACTIN = TROPOMYOSIN 50.

WHICH PARTS OF MYOSIN BIND WITH ACTIN = HEAD 51.

BINDS WITH CA+ = TROPONIN 52.

WHAT CAUSES ASCENDING LIMB OF ACTION POTENTIALS = CA+ 53.

ADH EFFECT ON KIDNEY = COLLECTING DUCTS 54.

ASCITES = ↓ ONCOTIC PRESSURE 55.

INDIGESTIBLE FIBER = CELLULOSE 56.

BRIGHT LIGHTS = HYPERPOLARIZED RODS/DEPOLARIZED GANGLION 57.

PULMONARY SURFACTANT = ↓ SURFACE TENSION 58.

„^ INTRATHORACIC PRESSURE = INSPIRATION (RFQ) 59.

AIR BETWEEN PLEURAL SPACE = PNUEMOTHORAX 60.

AXONS OF ORGAN OF CORTI SYNAPSE = SPINAL GANGLION 61.

ANTERIOR FONTANEL = BREGMA IN ADULT 62.

CELLS SECRETE GLUCAGON = ALPHA CELLS 63.

PITUITARY HORMONE = SOMATOTROPIN 64.

STARLINGS LAW = END DIASTOLIC VOLUME 65.

ACETYL COA EFFECTS = MUCARINIC & NICOTINIC RECEPTORS 66.

HIGH ALTITUDE EFFECT = ↑ RBC ’S PRODUCTION 67.

CLOTTING = VITAMIN K 68.

DIABETES MALLIATIS = METABOLIC ACIDOSIS 69.

RESP. FOR PAIN = FREE NERVE ENDINGS 70.

MOST RAPIDLY ADAPTING RECEPTORS = PACINIAN CORPUSCLES 71.

SMALLEST RESP. VALUE = TIDAL VOLUME 72.

LUNG VOLUME INCREASES WITH AGE = RESIDUAL VOLUME 73.

PARTIAL PRESSURE O2 DETECTED = CHEMOSENSITIVE AREAS OF THE CAROTID BODY 74.

ORIGIN OF GLANDULAR HYPOPHYSIS = ORAL ECTODERM 75.

NEURAL ECTODERM = POST. PITUITARY 76.

CAUSE MENTAL RETARDATION DURING 1 ST YEAR OF LIFE = LACK OF THYROID 77.

HORMONE

HOW MANY PARATHYROID GLANDS IN HEALTHY ADULT = 4 78.

HORMONE STIM. SPERM PRODUCTION = FSH 79.

DERIVED FROM ZONA GLOMERULOSA = ALDOSTERONE 80.

CAUSES REABSORBTION OF NA+ IN DCT = ALDOSTERONE 81.

ACTION OF MYENTERIC PLEXUS = PERISTALSIS 82.

S1 SOUND REPRESENTS WHICH = CLOSURE OF THE AV VALVES 83.

PURPOSE OF AV NODE IN HEART = DELAY THE IMPULSE IN THE HEART 84.

LOCATION OF AV NODE = WITHIN THE RIGHT ATRIUM POSTERIOR TO TRICUSPID VALVE 85.

DURING EXERCISE. AN INCREASE IN MS MASS OCCURS DUE TO = INCREASED IN ACTIN 86.

AND MYOSIN FILAMENTS IN EACH MS FIBER

SHORTER REFRACTORY PERIOD = ATRIUM 87.

HEART SOUND AT 5 TH MID CLAVICULAR LINE IS = MITRAL VALVE 88.

MECHANISMS WHERE AMINO ACIDS ARE ABSORBED INTO THE INTESTINAL SYSTEM = 89.

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

LOCATION OF TRICUSPID VALVE IS = RIGHT ATRIUM AND RIGHT VENTRICLE 90.

TIME IN THE CARDIAC CYCLE DOES THE VENTRICLE RISE TO 80MMHG = EJECTION 91.

PRECURSOR TO PHOTOSENSITIVE CELLS OF THE EYE = RETINAL 92.

ISOTONIC CONTRACTION THESE SHORTEN AND DISAPPEAR = H BAND 93.

VPM NUCLEUS OF THE THALAMUS SYNAPSES ON WHICH = POSTCENTRAL GYRUS 94.

DOES NOT EXTENT TO THALAMUS = OLFACTION 95.

NA+ IS A CO TRANSPORT FOR = GLUCOSE 96.

FROM REST TO EXERCISE – LEAST TO INCREASE = STROKE VOLUME 97.

STROKE VOLUME X HEART RATE = CARDIAC OUTPUT 98.

UPRIGHT POSITION AN ADULT UTILIZES = LOWER PORTION OF THE LUNG 99.

DIFFERENT THEN CARDIAC ACTION POTENTIALS AND SKELETAL ACTION 100.

POTENTIALS = MORE POTASSIUM IN THE RESTING MEMBRANE

CAUSES INCREASED THIRST = INCREASED EXTRACELLULAR FLUID OSMOLARITY 101.

TWO STRAP MS HAVE SAME CROSS SECRETION, ONE IS SHOT, ONE IS LONG = EQUAL, 102.

GREATER

TRANSMITTED BY DORSAL COLUMNS, MEDIAL LEMINISCUS PATHWAY = VIBRATION 103.

FUNCTION OF MONOCYTE = ANTIGEN PRESENTING 104.

WBC WITH HIGHER CONCENTRATION IN BLOOD STREAM UNDER NORMAL 105.

CIRCUMSTANCES = NEUTROPHILS

INTERVAL BETWEEN SINOATRIAL STIM. AND VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION = PQ 106.

REASON FOR SLOWING DOWN OF IMPULSES FOR AV NODE = THIN FIBERS 107.

MELATONIN IS DERIVED FROM WHICH GLANDS = PINEAL GLAND 108.

BLOCKS BINDING SITES PREVENTING CROSS BRIDGE FORMATION = TROPOMYOSIN 109.

CORPUS LUTEUM = PRODUCTION OF ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE 110.

EFFERENT ARTERIOLE JOINS THIS AFTER LEAVING GLOMERULUS = PERTUBULAR 111.

CAPILLARIES

BILE SALTS ARE REABSORBED INTO THE BODY VIA = PORTAL VENOUS SYSTEM 112.

HAS HIGHEST CHOLESTEROL = LDL 113.

SMALL CHAIN F.A. ARE ABSORBED VIA = DIRECTLY THROUGH THE PORTAL VEIN 114.

TEMPORAL SUMMATION CAN BEST BE DESCRIBED BY = SUCCESSIVE POSTSYNAPTIC 115.

POTENTIALS CAUSED BY DISCHARGE FROM A SINGLE PRESYNAPTIC OCCURRING RAPIDLY

EXCESS OR INSUFFICIENT??? 116.

DECREASE IN LYMPHATIC FLOW = INCREASE I PLASMA COLLOIDAL OSMOTIC PRESSURE 117.

CHIEF CELLS = PEPSINOGEN 118.

MICROVILLI IN KIDNEY = PCT 119.

NEURON PERMEABILITY OF NA+ IS GREATEST AT = DEPOLARIZATION DURING AN 120.

ACTION

STIMULATES BREAKDOWN OF GLYCOGEN IN THE LIVER = GLUCAGON 121.

CAUSES INHIBITION OF HORMONE SENSITIVE LIPASE AND RESULTS IN FAT STORAGE 122.

IN ADIPOSE = INSULIN

ANTERIOR PITUITARY PRODUCES = THYROID STIMULATION HORMONE 123.

ENTERO KINASE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR = TRYPSINOGEN 124.

SERTOLI CELLS PRODUCE = ANDROGEN BINDING PROTEIN 125.

MAJORITY OF GLUCOSE IS REABSORBED IN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARTERIES = 126.

PCT

CRANIAL NERVE PARTIALLY INVOLVED IN SWALLOWING = IX 127.

V = MEDIATES MS OF MASTICATION 128.

DETERMINANT IN PROMOTING GLOMERULAR FORMATION = CAPILLARIES 129.

LOWEST RENAL FILTRATION FRACTION FOR GLUCOSE = HYPOGLYCEMIA 130.

MAJORITY OF CHOLESTEROL IN BODY = LDL 131.

IgE = ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK 132.

UREA COMES FROM BREAKDOWN OF WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING = PURINES 133.

BREAKDOWN OF PROTEIN 1 ST = STOMACH 134.

BRAINSTEM DOES NOT CONTROL = FINE HAND MOVEMENTS 135.

HIGHEST IN ATMOSPHERE = NITROGEN 136.

MAJORITY OF CHLORIDE ABSORBED IN THE KIDNEY = PCT 137.

ELEVATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE WILL SHIFT THE HEMOGLOBIN DISSOCIATION = 138.

TO THE LEFT

REGULATOR OF ACID BASE VOLUME = MOST POWERFUL IS KIDNEY 139.

SALTITORY CONDUCTION = MYELINATED FIBERS 140.

HYPERPOLARIZATION = INCREASES RESISTANCE TO FIRING 141.

ALLOWS HEART TO FUNCTION AS A SYNCYTIUM = INTERCALATED DISCS 142.

HOW DOES NA+ PASS THROUGH ION CHANNEL = SODIUM POTASSIUM PUMP 143.

MICRO

FRANCELLA TULARINE = RABBIT (CUT) 1.

MOST COMMON IN BURN VICTIMS = P. AERUGINOSA 2.

WORK GROUP MOST COMMON FATALITY = FARMERS 3.

SALMONELLA = EGGS/POULTRY 4.

TOXOPLASMOSIS = FELINE FECES 5.

SYNTHESIZED BY FETUS = IgM 6.

OPSONIN = STIMULATES PHAGOCYTOSIS 7.

AGGLUTINATION = CLUMPING 8.

ANTI TOXIN = NEUTRALIZES A TOXIN 9.

OSTEOMYOLITIS = STAPH AUREUS 10.

MOST COMMON FOOD BORN DZ = CAMPHOLOBACTER (Gram- Rod) 11.

PRIMARY CAUSE OF OZONE POLLUTION = CARBON MONOXIDE 12.

INJECTION OF ANTIGEN = ARTIFICIAL ACTIVE IMMUNITY 13.

ACID FAST = MYCOBACTERIUM 14.

BRUCELLA abortus = ABORTION IN CATTLE 15.

ADVANTAGE OF PASSIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY = RAPID AVAILABLE PROTECTION 16.

RELEASE IL-II = T-HELPER CELLS 17.

COAGULASE + = STAPH AUREUS 18.

LACK CELL WALL = MYCOPLASMA 19.

MYCOBACTERIUM = TB 20.

KLEBSIELLA = GRAM –NEG. 21.

TYPE I HYPERSENSITIVITY = IgE (ALLERGIC) 22.

GI MUCOSA = IgA (SECRETIONS) 23.

VACCINE FOR TB = BOVIS LIVE ATTENUATED 24.

CAUSE DYSENTERY IN HUMANS = ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA 25.

GAS GANGRENE = C. PERFRINGENS 26.

C. TETANI = TETANUS 27.

ELISA TEST = AIDS 28.

TYNE TEST = TB 29.

OTITIS MEDIA = H. INFLUENZA 30.

SALK VACCINE = INACTIVE POLIO 31.

TOXIN „` ACH AT MYONEURO JX = BOTULISM 32.

FUNGAL INFECTION OF LUNG = HISTOPLASMOSIS COCCIDIOMYCOSIS 33.

PARASITE = ENTEROAMOEBIUS VERMICULARIS 34.

PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DZ (PID)= N. GONORRHEA 35.

URINARY TRACT INFECTION = E. COLI 36.

FOOD PROCESS DECLINE = PROPER COOKING 37.

PROTOZOAN/AIDS PATIENTS = TOXOPLASMOSIS 38.

MOST COMMON HOOKWORM IN THE US = NECATOR AMERICANS 39.

SHISTOSOMA = BLOOD FLUKE 40.

MOST COMMON FOOD POISONING = STAPH AUREUS 41.

„` RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS = IgA SECRETORY 42.

CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY = T CELLS (TYPE IV) 43.

MENTAL RETARDATION = CMV 44.

BIRD DROPPINGS = PSITTACOSIS 45.

AIR POLLUTION OF BURNING COAL = SULFUR DIOXIDE 46.

MECHANISM OF TETANUS ANTI TOXIN = PREVENTS TOXIN FROM WORKING ON ACETYL 47.

CHOLINESTERASE

MEDIA TO CULTIVATE A VIRUS = TISSUE CULTURE 48.

STAPH/STREP DIFFERENCE = CATALASE 49.

MOST COMMON CAUSE OF FARMING DEATHS = TRACTOR ROLLOVER 50.

UV LIGHT = PYRIMIDINE DIMER FORM OF DNA 51.

RICKETTSIA MOST COMMON CAUSE OF = ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER 52.

KLEBSIELLA BRUNETTE = Q FEVER 53.

SPOROTHRIX SCHENCHI = HANDS 54.

GRAPE LIKE CLUSTER GRAM + = STAPH 55.

CAUSE OF PANDEMIC SPREAD = ANTIGENIC SHIFT 56.

EPIDEMIC TYPHUS = R. PROWAZKI 57.

ENDEMIC TYPHUS = R. MOOSERI 58.

R. QUINTANA = 59.

COLIFORM COUNT = WATER TEST 60.

PHOSPHATASE = BACTERIAL COUNT IN MILK 61.

OVERALL CONTAMINATION IN H2O = O2 DEMAND 62.

MOST MUTAGENIC ORGANISM = VIRUS 63.

FUNGUS YELLOW IN COLOR = ASPERGILLUS FLAVUM 64.

MACROPHAGE PRODUCE = IL-1 65.

HAPTEN = 1/2 A PEPTIDE 66.

OPSONIZATION = C3B 67.

WALK IN FECAL MATTER = NECATOR AMERICANS 68.

TAENIA SOLIUM = PROGLOTTIDS 69.

YELLOW DISCHARGE FROM PENIS = N. GONORRHEA 70.

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS = COOK PORK WELL 71.

HIV = CD4 RECEPTOR 72.

FORMS PLASMA CELLS = B-LYMPHOCYTES 73.

CONVERTS INTO MACROPHAGE = MONOCYTE 74.

NO PRIOR EXPOSURE = NATURAL KILLER CELLS 75.

MOST COMMON CAUSE OF DENTAL CARRIES = S. MUTANS (FLUORIDE PREVENTION) 76.

MULTI DRUG RESISTANT = TB 77.

INFANTS VACCINATED TO PREVENT MENINGITIS 78.

= N. GONORRHEA

NEWBORN IMMUNITY = PASSIVE NATURAL 79.

WEILS DZ CAUSE = LEPTOSPIRA INTEROGANS 80.

MOST COMMON FORM OF MALARIA = FEMALE ANOPHELES MOSQUITO 81.

AIDES EGYPT MOSQUITO = YELLOW FEVER 82.

Q FEVER = MILK NOT A VECTOR 83.

TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME IS CAUSED BY = STAPH AUREUS 84.

CLUSTER OF WORMS = ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES 85.

SPREAD IN DAY CARE CENTER = E. VERMICULARIS 86.

GRAY PSEUDOMEMBRANE = CORNYBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIA 87.

PATHOLOGY

M0VEMENT OF WBC ’S IN RESP. TO CONCENTRATION GRADIENT = CHEMOTAXIS* 1.

DIAPEDIS = AMEOBOID MOVEMENT OF WBC ’S 2.

PAVEMENTING = WBC ’S ADHERE TO CAPILLARY WALL 3.

HISTAMINE = 4.

OSGOOD SCHLATTERS DZ = TIBIAL TUBEROSITY 5.

ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS = IgG* 6.

ATROPHY OF INTESTINAL VILLI = CELIAC SPRUE 7.

MOST COMMON MALIGNANT TUMOR IN THE INTESTINE = ADENOCARCINOMA 8.

PERNICIOUS ANEMIA DUE TO = INTRINSIC FACTOR 9.

TWISTING OF ORGAN = VOLVULUS 10.

MECKELS DIVERTICULUM = BLIND SAC 11.

CEREBRAL INFARCT = LIQUEFACTIVE NECROSIS 12.

ACROMEGALLY IN ADULT = HYPERPITUATARISM 13.

RAYNAUDS DZ = DIGITAL VASOSPASM 14.

FORM OF SHOCK SEEN IN BURN VICTIMS = HYPOVOLEMIC 15.

NECROSIS OF PANCREAS = ENZYMATIC FAT 16.

HISTAMINE PRODUCTION = MAST CELL 17.

OPSONINS = PHAGOCYTOSIS 18.

SMALL AND MEDIUM ARTERIES OF KIDNEYS EFFECTED = SLE 19.

TAKAYASU ’S ARTERITIS = INFLAMMATION OF THE AORTA (1 OR MORE) 20.

„^ SECRETION OF ANT. PITUITARY GLAND BEFORE CLOSURE OF EPIPHYSEAL PLATES = 21.

GIGANTISM

CONN ’S SYNDROME = PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM 22.

MOST COMMON OF PULMONARY EMBOLISM = DEEP VEIN OF LOWER EXTREMITY 23.

IMMUNOGLOBIN IN TYPE II HYPERSENSITIVITY = IgG 24.

SUBLUXATION OF LENS, ARACNODACTALY AND HEART DEFECTS = MARFAN ’S 25.

SYNDROME

PRESENCE OF 45X KAROTYPE = TURNERS SYNDROME (LACK OF SEXUAL MATURATION) 26.

VITAMIN FOR WOUND HEALING = C 27.

DIFFUSE PROGRESSIVE PROLIFERATIVE SYNOVITIS = RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS 28.

MYONEURAL JX EFFECTED = MYASTHENIA GRAVIS 29.

KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS AND XEROSTOMA = SJOGRENS SYNDROME 30.

FELTY ’S SYNDROME = CHRONIC RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS 31.

TYPE OF DZ ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS = AUTOIMMUNE ,TEST HLA-B27 32.

TRANSECTION OF NERVE LEADS TO _______ DEGENERATION = WALLERIAN 33.

ZENKER ’S = DEGENERATION OF SKELETAL MS IN ACUTE INFECTIOUS DZ 34.

T-HELPER CELLS TYPE RX = TYPE IV 35.

TUMOR OF SKELETAL MS = RHABDOMYOMA 36.

VITAMIN „` ASSOCIATED WITH DEMENTIA, DIARRHEA, DEHYDRATION = NIACIN 37.

SECONDARY PHASE OF SYPHILIS = MACULOPAPPULAR RASH 38.

PART OF NERVOUS SYSTEM EFFECTED IN PARKINSON ’S DZ = SUBSTANTIA NIGRA 39.

PATHONEUMONIC OF PARKINSON ’S DZ = LEWY BODIES 40.

PATHONEUMONIC OF RHEUMATIC FEVER = ASCHOFF BODIES 41.

DEMYLINATION OF PERIPHERAL NERVES = GUILLEN BARRE SYNDROME 42.

PANNUS FORMATION = RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS 43.

DOES NOT CAUSE PAIN IN DZ = INTERLEUKIN 44.

HYPOTHYROIDISM = CRETINISM 45.

MOST DOMINANT WBC IN BACTERIAL INFECTION = NEUTROPHIL 46.

KLEINFELTERS SYNDROME = TESTICULAR DYSGENESIS 47.

MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER = CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM 48.

MOST COMMON CAUSE OF FUNGUS INFECTION IN AIDS PTS. = PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII 49.

CAUSE OF PAPILLEDEMA = INTRACRANIAL TUMOR 50.

MOST SERIOUS CONGENITAL ANOMALY = MENINGIOMYELOCELE 51.

PERIKARYON WHEN AXON IS SEVERED = CHROMATOLYSIS 52.

CHROMATOLYSIS = DISSOLUTION OF NISSL BODIES 53.

NEUROSIS IS A SEQUELAE OF ANOXIA TO THE HEART = COAGULATIVE 54.

COMPLICATIONS OF MITRAL VALVE STENOSIS = LT. ATRIAL HYPERTROPHY 55.

MOST COMMON TYPE OF THYROID CANCER = PAPILLARY CARCINOMA 56.

COMMON HISTOLOGIC PATTERN TO PROSTATE CANCER = ADENOCARCINOMA 57.

MITOTIC FIGURES ARE SEEN IN = NEOPLASIA 58.

HERNIATION OF BRAIN STEM AND CB THROUGH FORAMEN MAGNUM = ARNOLD-CHAIRI 59.

MALFORMATION

TURNERS SYNDROME = XO 60.

MOST COMMON LOCATION OF PEPTIC ULCER = PROXIMAL DUODENUM 61.

CONDITION SEEN IN ELDERLY = PRESBYOPIA 62.

MULTIPLE MYELOMA IN ONE AREA = PLASMACYTOMA 63.

MALIGNANT TUMOR/ONION SKIN APPEARANCE = EWINGS SARCOMA 64.

GUMMA = TERTIARY SYPHILIS 65.

MOST REVERSIBLE DESTRUCTION OF LIVER = FATTY LIVER 66.

MOST IMPORTANT CONTROL OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DZ = EDUCATION 67.

MOST SERIOUS SIDE EFFECT OF PAGET'S DZ = OSTEOSARCOMA 68.

AREA OF ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS = SI JOINT 69.

RT. VENTRICULAR FAILURE LEADS TO = 70.

NUTMEG LIVER

DEFICEINCY LEADS TO CHEILOSIS = B2 71.

MOST COMMON CAUSE OF HYDROCEPHALUS = OBSTRUCTION OF AQUEDUCT OF SYLVIUS 72.

NEUROFIBROMA ’S MOST COMMONLY FOUND IN = THE SPINAL CORD 73.

COMMON CAUSE OF GASTRIC BLEEDING = ASPIRIN 74.

DEFICEINCY OF PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE CAUSES = MENTAL RETARDATION 75.

WOMEN TAKING ESTROGEN HAVE A „^ RISK OF = BREAST CANCER 76.

DISSECTING ANEURYSM = MARFAN ’S SYNDROME 77.

CUSHING ’S SYNDROME = HYPERADRENYLISM 78.

ALTERED RBC SHAPE = SICKLE CELL ANEMIA 79.

PALLEGRA = ↓ NIACIN 80.

TRUE ABOUT ALZHEIMER ’S = HITS YOU FAST AND HARD 81.

SIGN OF MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY = CALF HYPERTROPHY 82.

PATEINT HAD SALTY SWEAT = CYSTIC FIBROSIS 83.

CHARCOT MARIE TOOTH DZ = DISTAL ARMS AND LEGS W/ ATROPHY 84.

EXCESS HOMOGENTISTIC ACID = ALKAPTONURIA (↓ METABOLISM OF TYROSINE AND 85.

PHENYLALANINE)

BILATERAL PAINLESS, CYANOTIC FINGER TIPS = ACROCYANOSIS 86.

TOPHI FORMATION = GOUT 87.

CA+ PHOSPHATE CRYSTALS = PSUEDOGOUT 88.

„` VITAMIN OF MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA = FOLIC ACID 89.

BERI BERI = THIAMIN ↓90.

CHARACTERIZATION OF NEOPLASM = CANNOT RETURN TO NORMAL ONCE STIMULUS IS 91.

REMOVED

DIAPEDESIS = PASSAGE OF BLOOD CELLS INTO AN INTACT CAPILLARY WALL OF TISSUES 92.

NEOPLASMS ARE MOST COMMON FORMED = EPITHELIAL 93.

PRESENT WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA AND CAFE-AU-LAIT SPOTS = VON 94.

RICKLINGHOUSIN ’S DZ

ALS SPINAL CORD DZ EFFECTS = ANTERIOR HORN 95.

PT. WITH TETRALOGY OF FALLOT = PULMONARY STENOSIS 96.

BEST DESCRIBES THROMBOPHLEBITIS = VENOUS INFLAMMATION WITH THROMBUS 97.

FORMATION

RIGHT SIDED HEART FAILURE = DISTENSION OF THE NECK VEINS, LIVER ENLARGEMENT 98.

AND DEPENDENT EDEMA

SYSTEMIC FIBROSIS IS SEEN IN = SCLERODERMA 99.

TYPE II REACTION = IgG PRODUCTION 100.

MOST COMMON CAUSE OF RIGHT SIDED HEART FAILURE = LEFT SIDED CARDIAC 101.

FAILURE

DZ EFFECTING MYONEURAL JX = MYASTHENIA GRAVIS 102.

GIANT CELL ARTERITIS = TEMPORAL 103.

T-HELPER CELL SEEN IN = TYPE IV (CELL MEDIATED) 104.

NEOPLASM DERIVED FROM MULTIPLE TISSUE =TERATOMA 105.

FEMALE WITH ACTIVE CASE OF N. GONORRHEA. = OPTHALMIA NEONATORUM 106.

SPLEEN AND LIVER DYSFUNCTION = RIGHT SIDED HEART FAILURE 107.

PHILADELPHIA CHROMOSOME = CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS 108.

GALACTOSEMIA AVOID = LACTOSE 109.

BEGINS IN CHILDHOOD, WASTING, AUTOSOMAL DZ = FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL 110.

DYSTROPHY

INTERSSUSCEPTION BEST DESCRIBED AS = TELESCOPING ON THE INTESTINES 111.

UNILATERAL TINNITUS AND A SESORINEURAL HEARING LOSS = SCHWANNOMA 112.

(ACOUSTIC NEUROMA)

EFFECTS ANTERIOR HORN = AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 113.

EFFECT DIAPHYSIS = EWINGS SARCOMA 114.

MC BENIGN TUMOR OF HAND SAND FEET = ENCHONDROMA 115.

MOST IMPORTANT IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM = ZINC 116.

BORN WITHOUT ONE OF THE PAIRED ORGANS = AGENESIS 117.

DESCRIBES TABES DORSALIS = TERTIARY SYPHILIS THAT EFFECTS POST. HORN CELLS 118.

SYRINGOMYLIA = HOLE IN THE SPINAL CORD 119.

TOTAL DESTRUCTION OF BONE MARROW = APLASTIC 120.

EFFECTS BASAL GANGLIA = PARKINSON ’S DZ 121.

ACROMEGALLY = HYPERPITUATARISM 122.

DESTRUCTION OF SYNOVIAL JOINT = RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS 123.

SUBACUTE DEGENERATION OF SPINAL CORD = B12 ↓124.

ATHEROSCLEROSIS = TUNICA INTIMA 125.

EFFECTED BY AIDS = T4 126.

TRACHEAL EPITHELIAL TISSUE WILL NOT GO UNDERGO = HYPERTROPHY 127.

MOST COMMON MALIGNANCY IN MEN = PROSTATE 128.

IMBALANCE BETWEEN OSTEOBLASTS AND OSTEOCLASTS = OSTEOPOROSIS 129.

GYNECOMASTIA = EXCESS TESTOSTERONE NOT INVOLVED 130.

GUMMA = TERTIARY SYPHILIS 131.

LIVER TRANSPLANT REACTION = TYPE VI 132.

MALIGNANT NEOPLASM = INFILTRATION 133.

GRANULOMATOUS TISSUE = FIBROBLASTS AND GIANT CELLS

PLASMACYTOMA = CONDENSED ARE 134.

HANSEN ’S DZ = LEPROSY 135.

HUMAN LEUKOCYTE IN HLA – B27 = ??? 136.

CELIAC DZ = ATROPHY OF VILLI 137.

GENETIC DISORDER THAT IS SEX LINKED = DUCHENES MS DYSTROPHY 138.

MYXEDEMA = HYPOTHYROIDISM 139.

CAUSES DIFFUSION OF ABDOMINAL CAVITY = ASCITES 140.

NECROSIS IN PANCREAS = FATTY 141.

SPINAL ANATOMY

GREATER WING OF SPHENOID/PETROUS PORTION OF TEMPORAL BONE MAKE UP THE 1.

_________ FOSSA = MIDDLE CRANIAL (N6)

______ FORAMEN CARRIES MIDDLE MENINGEAL VESSELS = SPINOSUM (N7) 2.

OVALE = MANDIBULAR NERVE (V3) AND ACCESSORY MENINGEAL 3.

ROTUNDUM = MAXILLARY NERVE (V2) 4.

CAROTID = ICA (LUCERUM) 5.

PARESTHESIA, PAIN OVER 1 ST ,2 ND AND 1/2 OF 3 RD FINGERS = SPASM OF PRONATOR TERES MS 6.

CERVICAL RIB ON XRAY, NERVE ROOT LEVEL EFFECTED = C7,C8 7.

ORIGIN OF MOTOR PORTION OF VISION IS LOCATED IN WHICH LOBE OF THE BRAIN = 8.

FRONTAL LOBE

OBSTRUCTION OF INTERVENTRICULAR FORAMEN WOULD PRODUCE „^ PRESSURE = 9.

LATERAL VENTRICLE (N102)

CUTANEOUS SENSATION OVER DORSAL ASPECT OF 2 ND , 3 RD ,4 TH METATARSALS = WHICH 10.

NERVES = SUPERFICIAL FIBULAR NERVE

SURAL = LATERAL SIDE OF FOOT 11.

SAPHENOUS = MEDIAL LEG AND FOOT 12.

DEEP FIBULAR NERVE = DEEP PERONEAL NERVE 13.

CRANIAL NERVES ORIGINATE FROM POSTERIOR ASPECT OF BRAIN STEM = CN IV 14.

(TROCHLEAR) (N108)

ORIENTATION OF INFERIOR ARTICULATING FACETS OF L5 = ANT./LAT 15.

TERMINATION OF SPINAL CORD AND EMERGENCE OF FILUM TERMINALE OCCURS AT = 16.

L2

LIGAMENT THAT SEPARATES GREATER AND LESSOR SCIATIC FORAMEN = 17.

SACROSPINOUS (N102)

LIGAMENT THAT ATTACHES ANTERIOR ASPECT OF FORAMEN MAGNUM AND ANTERIOR 18.

ASPECT OF C1 = ANTERIOR ATLANTOOCCIPITAL MB.

PREVENTS HYPEREXTENSION = ALL 19.

CONNECTS APEX OF SPINOUS TO APEX OF SPINOUS = SUPRASPINOUS 20.

PROTRUSION OF MENINGES AND SPINAL CORD = SPINA BIFIDA MENINGIOMYELOCELE 21.

TRANSVERSE SINUS CONTAINED WITH IN = TENTORIUM CEREBELLI (N98) 22.

CONFLUENCE OF SINUSES IS WITH IN = OCCIPITAL BONE (N98) 23.

ARACHNOID VILLI IS FOUND IN WHICH SINUS = SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS 24.

PARESTHESIA IN MANDIBULAR REGION COULD BE CAUSED BY A LESION OF WHAT 25.

NERVE THAT GOES THROUGH = V3, FORAMEN OVALE

SUPERIOR ARTICULATING FACETS IN LS ARE _____AND____. = POST AND MEDIAL 26.

LESION OF CILIARY GANGLION RESULTS IN ALL EXCEPT = DILATION OF FACE (PTOSIS, 27.

DILATION OF PUPILS, LOSS OF SWEAT ON FACE)

CILIARY GANGLION = RECEIVES PRE-GANGLIONIC FROM 3 FROM EDINGER WESTPHAL 28.

NUCLEUS

ORIENTATION OF C/S TRANSVERSE PROCESSES = 30 ° – 40 ° ANT./LAT. (N8) 29.

TO PREVENT NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS = FOLIC ACID 30.

T/S WHICH HELP FORM ANT. BORDER OF IVF = RIB HEADS (N143) 31.

BONES FORMED FROM INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION = FRONTAL BONE 32.

OLFACTORY NERVE GOES THROUGH WHICH STRUCTURES = CRIBIFORM PLATE 33.

(ETHMOID)

AXON OF WHICH NUCLEI ENDS IN THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY = SUPRA OPTIC AND PARA 34.

VENTRICULAR

INVOLVED IN SMELL = AMYGDALOID BODY 35.

LESION OF BROCAS AREA 17 = MIDDLE CEREBRAL (N134) 36.

BLOOD SUPPLY OF PITUITARY GLAND = ICA 37.

GLOBUS PALLIDUS AND PUTAMEN SEND FIBERS = THALAMUS 38.

NERVE THAT INNERVATES LEVATOR PALPEBRA SUPERIORUS MS = OCULOMOTOR (CNIII) 39.

LATERAL RECTUS = CN VI (ABDUCENS) 40.

MOST SUPERIOR NERVE EFFECTED IN DISC HERNIATION = C3 41.

LATERAL SACRAL CREST IS DERIVED FROM = TRANSVERSE PROCESSES 42.

LESION OF SPINAL CORD WOULD CAUSE DEATH WITHIN MINUTES = FRACTURE OF 43.

ODONTOID AND AVULSION OF CORD ABOVE C3

RECURRENT MENINGEAL NERVE INNERVATES ALL EXCEPT = ALL 44.

CELLS THAT MAKEUP CHOROID PLEXUS = EPENDYMAL CELLS 45.

CELLS RESPONSIBLE FOR MYLENATION OF CNS = OLIGODENDROCYTES 46.

NAME OF GAP BETWEEN TWO SCHWANN CELLS = NODE OF RANVIER 47.

NAME OF PROCESS ON POSTERIOR ASPECT OF TP IN L/S = ACCESSORY PROCESS (N144) 48.

ANTERIOR ARCH OF ATLAS AND DENS = PIVOT JOINT 49.

GINGYLMUS = HINGE 50.

CONDYLOID = ALL MVMTS EXCEPT ROTATION 51.

PLANAR = GLIDING 52.

NOT PART OF ERECTOR SPINAE MS GROUP = SEMISPINALIS 53.

CONNECTS AMYGDALOID TO HYPOTHALAMUS = STRIA TERMINALIS 54.

RADIAL NERVE COMES OFF WHICH PART OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS = POST. CORD (N401) 55.

INVOLVES VISUAL AND AUDITORY TRACTS = TECTOSPINAL PATHWAY 56.

CN THAT DOES NOT CONTAIN (PZ) FIBERS = HYPOGLOSSAL 57.

NERVE THAT SUPPLY ’S GRACILIS MS = OBTURATOR NERVE 58.

FEMORAL = ALL VASTUS, SARTORIUS AND 59.

RECTUS MS

SUPERIOR GLUTEAL = GLUTEUS MEDIUS, GLUTEUS MINIMUS AND TFL 60.

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS = INFERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE 61.

SOLEUS = GASTROC AND SOLEUS 62.

SUPPLIED BY DEEP FIBULAR NERVE = EXT. HALLUCIS LONGUS 63.

LAMINA SURROUNDING CENTRAL CANAL OF SPINAL CORD = 10 64.

LAMINA WHERE SUBSTANTIA GELATINOSA IS FOUND = 2 65.

PART OF VISUAL PATHWAY = LAT. GENICULATE BODY 66.

LARGEST TASTE BUD = VALLATE 67.

DRG DERIVED FROM = NEURAL CREST CELLS 68.

CORNEA OF EYE IS EXTENSION OF = SURFACE ECTODERM 69.

POST. DISC PROTRUSION AT C7 – T1 EFFECTS = C8 70.

NEURAL TUBE BECOMES = SPINAL CORD 71.

DRAINS INTO INF. NASAL MEATUS = NASOLACRIMAL DUCT 72.

MOST COMMON CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF HEMI VERTEBRA IN T/S = SCOLIOSIS 73.

STRUCTURES FORM FLOOR OF ANT. FLOOR OF LATERAL VENTRICLE = HEAD OF THE 74.

CAUDATE NUCLEUS

PREGANGLIONIC SYMPATHETIC FIBERS ARISE FROM = INTER-MEDIAL-LATERAL CELL 75.

COLUMN

ARTICULATION BETWEEN L5-S1 IS ALTERED RIGHT JOINT VISUALIZED BUT LEFT IS NOT 76.

SEEN = FACET TROPISM

LIGAMENTS THAT FORM NEURAL CANAL = PLL 77.

CN THAT SUPPLIES TASTE TO ANT. 2/3 OF TONGUE = CN 7 (FACIAL NERVE) 78.

NERVES THAT CONTAIN TASTE FIBERS = CHORDA TYMPANI 79.

LATERAL LEMINISCUS IS PART OF THE HEARING PATHWAY, AND HAIR CELLS ARE 80.

BETWEEN WHERE THE LAT. LEMINISCUS ORIGINATES = BETWEEN THE COCHLEAR NERVE

MOST MEDIAL OF ERECTOR SPINAE MS = SPINALIS 81.

MOST LATERAL OF ERECTOR SPINAE MS = ILIOCOSTALIS 82.

CN THAT ENERVATES THE SUPERIOR OBLIQUE MS OF EYE = TROCHLEAR 83.

COMPRISE PHRENIC NERVE = C3 C4 C5 (KEEPS THE BODY ALIVE) 84.

PREGANGLIONIC PARASYMPATHETIC FIBERS OF OCULOMOTOR NERVE SYNAPSE AT 85.

________ GANGLION. = CILIARY

DORSAL SPINAL CEREBELLAR TRACTS ORIGIN = DORSAL COLUMN OF CLARK 86.

ALL / EXCEPT____ SUPPLIED BY INFERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE .= CRICOTHYROID 87.

AVULSION OF PCA IN CIRCLE OF WILLIS = INTERPEDUNCULAR CISTERN 88.

LESION OF WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PREVENT BIG TOE EXT. = L5 89.

FORAMEN NEXT TO INTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS = JUGULAR FORAMEN 90.

MOST NUMEROUS CELLS IN CNS = NEURONS 91.

NERVES THAT ENERVATE THE SKIN OVER THE POPLITEAL FOSSA = POST. FEMORAL 92.

CUTANEOUS NERVE

CN THAT INNERVATE THE CAROTID SINUS = CN IX 93.

CREMASTER MS IS DERIVED FROM = INTERNAL OBLIQUE MS (N234) 94.

INGUINAL LIG. IS DERIVED FROM = EXT. OBLIQUE MS 95.

MOST COMMON CERVICAL VERTEBRA INJURED IN A WHIPLASH TYPE INJURY = C5,C6 96.

ATTACHES TO ANT. ASPECT OF SACRUM = PIRIFORMIS MS (N461) 97.

PIRIFORMIS MS ACTION = EXT. ROTATES, SCIATICA 98.

DORSAL SCAPULA NERVE DOES NOT INNERVATE WHICH = SERRATUS POST. SUP., 99.

INTERCOSTALS T1-T4

00. GENERAL TOUCH = ANT. SPINAL THALAMIC TRACT

01.MEISSNER ’S CORPUSCLES = FINE

GENERAL ANATOMY

PULSE FELT PROXIMAL TO HYPOTHENAR PAD = ULNAR 1.

CALCITONIN IS SECRETED BY WHICH CELLS = PARAFOLLICULAR 2.

OXYNTIC = PARIETAL CELLS 3.

MEDIAL ROTATOR OF HIP = GLUTEUS MEDIUS 4.

DAMAGE TO LONG THORACIC NERVE WILL PRODUCE PARALYSIS TO WHICH MS = 5.

SERRATUS ANTERIOR

EMBRYO STRUCTURES IS ADRENAL MEDULLA DERIVED = NEURAL CREST CELLS 6.

ENDO = RESPIRATORY, GI -ECTO

= NERVES, SKIN -MESO

= EVERYTHING ELSE -ENERVATES

THE PERONEI MS = SUPERIOR PERONEAL NERVE 7.

TYPE OF CELLS FOUND THROUGHOUT RESPIRATORY TRACT = PSEUDOSTRATIFIED 8.

CILIATED COLUMNAR

NERVES PALPABLE ON LATERAL ASPECT OF NECK OF FIBULA = COMMON PERONEAL 9.

NERVE

POST. SUPERFICIAL MS OF LEG INSERTS ON WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BONES = 10.

CALCANEOUS

EPIPHYSEAL PLATE IS CONSIDERED TO BE WHAT TYPE OF JOINT = SYNCHONDROSIS 11.

(CARTILAGE „³BONE)

ON WHICH BONE IS THE SOLEAL LINE = TIBIA (BACK SIDE) 12.

LAT. MALLEOLUS IS FEATURE OF THE FOLLOWING BONES = FIBULA 13.

LIG. THAT PREVENTS LAT. DISPLACEMENT OF TIBIA = FIBULAR COLLATERAL 14.

ANT. INTERVENTRICULAR ARTERY IS A BRANCH OF THE ____ ARTERY. = LEFT 15.

CORONARY

SPRING LIGAMENT CONNECTS CALCANEOUS TO THIS BONE = NAVICULAR (aka 16.

CALCANEALNAVICULAR LIG.)

MS INSERTION ON 5 TH METATARSAL = PERONEUS BREVIS 17.

NERVE THAT ENERVATES TIBIALIS ANT. MS = DEEP PERONEAL NERVE 18.

PRIMARY OSSIFICATION CENTER FOR A LONG BONE = DIAPHYSIS 19.

PALATOGLOSSUS AND PALATOPHARYNGEUS FORM = PILLARS OF FAUCES 20.

CHARACTERISTIC OF THE LARGE INTESTINE = HAUSTRA 21.

RADIAL NOTCH ARTICULATES WITH = HEAD OF RADIUS 22.

OLECRANON FOSSA LOCATED = HUMOROUS 23.

RADIAL NERVE FOUND ON WHAT BONE = MEDIAL SCAPHOID (WRIST) 24.

ESOPHAGEAL HIATUS IS LOCATED AT WHICH VERTEBRAL LEVEL = T10 25.

T8 – INF. VENA CAVA -CORONOID

PROCESS LOCATED WHERE = ULNA 26.

HAVERSIAN SYSTEM ARE SEPARATED BY = INTERSTITIAL LAMELLAE 27.

VOLKMAN CANAL TRANSMIT THE VESSEL 28.

ANKLE INVERSION AND PLANTAR FLEXION IS MOST RESTRICTED BY = ANT. 29.

TALOFIBULAR LIG.

NERVE THAT SUPPLY EXT. MS TO FINGERS = RADIAL 30.

MS THAT EXTERNALLY ROTATE THE ARM = INFRASPINATUS 31.

SUBSCAPULARIS = MED. ROTATES AND EXTENDS -PREVENTS

ANT. DISPLACEMENT OF TIBIA = ANT. CRUCIATE 32.

IN A FETUS, BLOOD BYPASSES LIVER SINUSOID THROUGH WHAT STRUCTURE = DUCTUS 33.

VENOSUS

PERONEUS LONGUS TENDON GOES UNDER FOOT CROSSES TO THE GROOVE OF = THE 34.

CUBOID BONE

PART OF THE HUMOROUS THAT ARTICULATES WITH THE RADIUS = CAPITULUM 35.

FRACTURE OF MEDIAL EPICONDYLE RESULTS = DAMAGE OF FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS MS. 36.

8-12 CONICAL PROJECTIONS IN THE RENAL MEDULLA = PYRAMIDS 37.

PIERCES CENTRAL TENDON OF DIAPHRAGM = IVC (T8) 38.

APEX OF LUNGS LOCATED AT WHAT LEVEL = JUST ABOVE 1 ST RIB 39.

LACRIMAL FOSSA PART OF = FRONTAL BONE 40.

AXILLARY NERVE LIES WITHIN = QUADRANGULAR SPACE 41.

PART OF THE NEPHRON = LOOP OF HENLE (PROXIMAL AND DISTAL CONVOLUTED 42.

TUBULES)

MS THAT INSERTS INTO SCAPULA COROCOID PROCESS= PEC MINOR 43.

GRACILUS MS. SUPPLIED BY = OBTURATOR 44.

PRODUCES SURFACTANT = TYPE II ALVEOLAR CELLS 45.

CHORDA TENDONAE CONNECT ____ TO ____ = VALVE CUSPS TO PAPILLARY 46.

LARGEST AND FEWEST TASTE BUDS = CIRCUMVALLATE 47.

PASSES THROUGH DEEP INGUINAL RING OF MALE = SPERMATIC CORD 48.

DUCTUS DEFRENS, A & V PLEXUS, LYMPH VESSELS AND NERVES -POST.

COSTAL PLEURA EXTENDS CAUDALLY TO THE LEVEL OF THE = 12 TH RIB 49.

CELL TYPES LOCATED IN LACUNA OF HOWSHIP = OSTEOCYTES 50.

INSERTION OF LONG HEAD OF BICEPS BRACHII MS. = RADIAL TUBEROSITY 51.

SUPERFICIAL BOUNDARY OF PERONEAL CAVITY = COLLES FLEXOR (UROGENITAL 52.

DIAPHRAM) OR (POUCH OF DOUGLAS) OR RECTOUTERINE POUCH

URETER RUNS OUT TO = PSOAS 53.

MOST SUPERFICIAL VEIN IN CALF = LESSOR SAPHENOUS 54.

INTEROSSEOS MB OF LEG = SYNDESMOSIS 55.

SCHINDYLESIS = PERPENDICULAR PLATE (VOMER) 56.

RIGHT AND LEFT HALVES OF BODY = MEDIAN OR SAGITTAL PLANE 57.

SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY SUPPLY = JEJUNUM 58.

MEDIAL ROTATION OF TIBIA IS ACCOMPLISHED BY = POPLITEUS MS 59.

THICKEST PART OF HEART = LEFT VENTRICLE 60.

CONOID TUBERCLE = CLAVICLE 61.

EMBRYOLOGICAL DERIVATION OF EPITHELIUM = ECTODERM 62.

PARALYSIS OF MS, LOSS OF ABDUCTION AND EXT. ROTATION OF HUMOROUS = 63.

SUPRASPINATUS AND INFRASPINATUS

MS SPINDLES ARE _____ RECEPTORS. = STRETCH (GTO) 64.

FOUND IN PERONEAL CAVITY = SIGMOID COLON 65.

RETRO = KIDNEY, ABDOMINAL AORTA, PANCREAS -RENIN

SECRETED GRANULAR STRUCTURE = AFFERENT ARTERIOLS 66.

JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS -SUSTENTACULAR

TALI = CALCANEUS 67.

FIBROUS ARTICULATING JOINT = DISTAL TIBIAL FIBULAR 68.

LARYNGEAL DIVERTICULUM DEVELOPS FROM = PHARYNX 69.

HEAD OF FIBULA ARTICULATES WITH = LATERAL CONDYLE OF TIBIA 70.

MIDGUT FORMS = ILEUM 71.

FORGUT = PHARYNX, LOWER RESP. TRACT, ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, UPPER 1/3 OF 72.

DUODENUM, LIVER AND PANCREAS

MIDGUT = LOWER 2/3 OF DUODENUM, SMALL INTESTINE, CECUM, APPENDIX, ASCENDING 73.

COLON, 2/3 TRANSVERSE

HINDGUT = 1/3 TRANSVERSE COLON, DESCENDING COLON, SIGMOID COLON, RECTUM, SUP. 74.

PART OF ANAL CANAL, BLADDER, AND URETHRA

FEATURE OF HUMOROUS = CORONOID FOSSA 75.

HOW MANY TARSAL BONES = 7 76.

NAMES = CALCANEOUS, TALUS, NAVICULAR, 3 CUNEOFORMS, CUBOID 77.

LIGAMENT THAT REINFORCES THE POSTERIOR PORTION OF HIP = ISCHIOFEMORAL 78.

ARTICULATION OF HUMOROUS AND ULNA DURING EXT. OCCURS AT THE _____ AND _____ 79.

= OLECRANON FOSSA AND OLECRANON PROCESS

DEVIDES MS INTO FASCICLES = PERIMYSIUM 80.

BICEPS BRACHI TENDON IS HELD IN PLACE BY ____ LIG = TRANSVERSE HUMORAL ( 81.

BETWEEN GREATER AND LESSOR TUBERCLES)

CANALS LOCATED ON LATERAL WALL OF ISCHIRECTAL FOSSA = ANAL 82.

ORGAN DEVOID OF LYMPHATICS = BRAIN 83.

HAVE BOTH ENDOCRINE AND EXOCRINE SECRETIONS = PANCREAS 84.

ENDO = INSULIN, GLUCAGON -EXO

= DIGESTIVE ENZYMES -ANT.

PORTION OF THE HARD PALATE IS PART OF = MAXILLARY 85.

FORMS INF. ATTACHMENT OF INGUINAL LIG. = PUBIC TUBERCLES 86.

VEINS CLOSELY FOLLOWS MEDIAL ANTEBRACHIAL CUTANEOUS VEIN = BASILLIC 87.

LIG. CONNECT MED. AND LAT. MENISCUS OF KNEE = TRANSVERSE 88.

SEPARATES GREATER AND LESSOR SCIATIC NOTCH = ISCHIAL SPINE 89.

TWO CARPAL BONES ARTICULATE WITH RADIUS = SCAPHOID AND LUNATE 90.

ACTION OF SOLEUS = PLANTAR FLEXION 91.

FIBRO CARTILAGE UNITES BONE IN WHICH = SYMPHYSIS 92.

LINEA ASPIRA LOCATED = POSTERIOR FEMUR 93.

MOST COMMON LOCATION OF SESAMOID BONE 94.

= FLEXOR POLLICIS BREVIS

ARTERIAL SUPPLY TO URINARY BLADDER FROM SUP. AND INF. BRANCHES OF = 95.

INTERNAL ILIAC

MEISSNER ’S PLEXUS LOCATED IN WHICH PART OF INTERNAL LINING = SUBMUCOSA 96.

AUERBACH ’S PLEXUS = MUSCULARIS LAYER 97.

NOT AN INFRAHYOID MS = MYLOHYOID 98.

THYROHYOID

-OMOHYOID -STERNOTHYROID

-SUPRAHYOID

= DIGASTRIC, GENIOHYOID, MYLOHYOID, STYLOHYOID 99.

100.LIES PROXIMAL TO TROCHLEA ON DISTAL HUMOROUS = CORONOID FOSSA

101.LEVEL OF HOR0ZONTAL FISSURE OF LUNG = T4

102.PERONEAL ARTERY LOCATED IN WHAT PART OF LEG = POSTERIOR

103.PASSES THROUGH FORAMEN ROTUNDUM = MAXILLARY NERVE

104.SHAPE OF LIG. THAT IS REMNANT OF ATROPHY ’D UMBILICAL LIG. = ROUND LIGAMENT

GENERAL ANATOMY CONT.

SEVERING THE NERVE IN THE FEMORAL TRIANGLE = ↓ EXTEND THE LEG 1.

INGUINAL LIG. = SUP 2.

ADDUCTOR = MEDIAL 3.

ABDUCTORS = LATERAL 4.

MELANOCYTES LOCATED = GERMINATIVUM (KNOW LAYERS) 5.

CARPAL BONE WITH MORE THEN ONE ARTICULATION WITH METACARPALS = 6.

HAMMATE (N426)

MEDULLA OF THE SUPRARENAL GLAND SECRETES = ADRENALINE 7.

CILIARY BODY IS AN EXT. OF = (N85) RETINA 8.

PINEAL GLAND LIES IN A PARALLEL LINE WITH = (N102) THIRD VENTRICLE 9.

UPPER EXT. ROTATE = LATERALLY 90 ° 10.

PART OF MIDGUT =DUODENUM 1/3 11.

MUSCLE THAT FLEXES THE KNEE = POPLITEUS 12.

ORIGINATES FROM 1 ST BRACHIAL ARCHES = MALLEUS AND INCUS 13.

FOUND IN THE MEDULLA OF KIDNEY = COLLECTING DUCT 14.

INABILITY TO ADDUCT THE THUMB WITH ATROPHY OF THE HYPOTHENAR EMINENCE = 15.

ULNAR NERVE

FORCE MOST APT TO CAUSE SPONDYLYSIS = COMPRESSION 16.

FIBROCARTILAGE JOINT = SYMPHYSIS 17.

CN SUPPLIES TASTE TO THE ANT. 2/3 OF TONGUE = CN 7 18.

MAXILLARY SINUS DRAINS INTO = MIDDLE NASAL MEATUS 19.

NERVE THAT INNERVATES STERNOTHYROIDES MS = VIA ANSA CERVICALIS 20.

FORMS FLOOR OF THE DIGASTRIC TRIANGLE = MYLOHYOID 21.

TRAPEZOID LIG. ATTACH TO CLAVICLE = N398 INFEROLATERAL 22.

COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINT TYPE = SYNOVIAL 23.

HORIZONTAL FISSURE OF LUNG CORRESPOND WITH = 4 TH RIB 24.

NERVES THAT INITIATE PERISTALSIS = PELVIC SPLANCHNIC 25.

SPLANCHNIC = THORACIC SYMPATHETIC GANGLION 26.

LIGAMENT OF VOCAL CORD = VOCAL LIGAMENT 27.

ABDUCTS THE VOCAL CORDS = POST. CRICOARYTENOID 28.

LATERAL CRICOARYTENOID = ADDUCTS THE VOCAL CORDS 29.

CRICOTHYROID = TENSES VOCAL CORDS 30.

OVARIAN LIGAMENT = OVARY TO UTERUS 31.

SUSPENSITORY = OVARY TO WALL 32.

BROAD LIG. = UTERUS TO WALL 33.

ROUND LIG. = UTERUS TO WALL 34.

TRANSVERSE CERVICAL = CERVIX TO PELVIC WALL 35.

EPITHELIUM OF TRUE VOCAL CORDS = STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS 36.

ILIOCOCCOGEUS, PUBOCOCCIGEUS, ISCHICOCCIGEUS = PELVIC DIAPHRAM 37.

INSERTS INTO ULNAR TUBEROSITY = BRACHIAL 38.

BICEPS BRACHIA = RADIAL TUBEROSITY 39.

TRICEPS = OLECRANON 40.

CORACOBRACHIALIS = MEDIAL TUBEROSITY 41.

CELLS PRODUCE CALCITONIN = PARAFOLLICULAR CELLS OF THE THYROID 42.

LANDMARK OF BIFURCATION OF TRACHEA = STERNAL ANGLE 43.

PRODUCE TESTOSTERONE = INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF LEYDIG 44.

SERTOLI CELLS = NOURISH SPERMATIDS 45.

POST. TIBIAL ARTERY BRANCH OF = POPLITEAL 46.

SITE OF ATTACHMENT OF RADIATE LIG. TO COSTOVERTEBRAL ART. = (N172) ANTERIOR 47.

URETERS INTER BLADDER AT ITS ____ ASPECT = POSTERIOR 48.

STENSONS DUCTS OF PAROTID GLAND PIERCES WHICH MS = BUCCINATOR 49.

DOES NOT GO THROUGH THORACIC INLET = SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY AND VEIN 50.

HEART VALVES MADE OF = ENDOCARDIUM 51.

ABDOMEN NERVES SUPPLYING ANT. ABDUCT. WALL THROUGH WHICH LAYER = 52.

INTERNAL OBLIQUE AND TRANSVERSES ABDOMINUS

HAVE TRANSVERSE, HORIZONTAL AND OBLIQUE CANALS = VOLKMAN ’S CANALS 53.

CONNECTS LACUNAE TO LACUNAE TO TRANSPORT NUTRIENTS = CANALICULI 54.

JOINT THAT MOVES ON TWO PLANES = SELLAR (SADDLE) 55.

CUBOID THAT DOES NOT ARTICULATE WITH = (N488) TALUS 56.

DELTOID LIG. LOCATED ON WHAT ASPECT = MEDIAL 57.

FORMS PART OF DELTOID LIG. = ANTERIOR TIBIALTALAR 58.

DOES NOT ATTACH TO SUSTENTACULUM TALI = TIBIALIS ANTERIOR 59.

CONTAINS SPIRAL GROOVE = HUMOROUS 60.

INJURY THAT PRODUCES AVULSION OF PSOAS MS WOULD EFFECT = LESSOR TROCANTER 61.

RECTUS FEMORIS ORIGINATES ON WHICH PART OF PELVIS = AIIS 62.

FORM INFERIOR ATTACHMENT OF THE ILIACUS = LESSOR TROCANTER 63.

SURROUNDS PROXIMAL RADIAL ULNAR JOINT = N412 ANNULAR LIGAMENT 64.

ADDUCTION OF SHOULDER RESPONSIBLE = SUPRASPINATUS 65.

SUPERIOR SUPPORT TO GLENOHUMERAL JOINT = SUPRASPINATUS 66.

INFRASPINATUS = SUPERIOR FACET 67.

TERES MINOR – LOWER FACET 68.

ATTACH TO SUPRAGLENOID TUBERCLE = N396 LONG HEAD OF BICEPS 69.

LONG HEAD OF TRICEPS = SCAPULA 70.

BONES THAT FORM NASAL SEPTUM = VOMER 71.

SYNCHONDROSIS = EPIPHYSEAL PLATE 72.

GLENOID LABRIUM IS COMPOSED OF = FIBROCARTILAGE RING 73.

PALPATED ON LATERAL SIDE OF ICHIORECTAL FOSSA N469 = OBTURATOR INTERNUS 74.

GOES THROUGH LESSOR SCIATIC FORAMEN = PUDENDAL NERVE 75.

ARTERIES TO OVARIES ARE BRANCHES OF = ABDOMINAL AORTA N324 76.

EXTERNAL ILIAC BECOMES _____ ARTERY AT THE INF. ASPECT OF THE INGUINAL LIG. = 77.

FEMORAL

THYROCERVICAL TRUNK BRANCHES N27 = SUPRASCAPULAR ARTERY 78.

LOCATED IN MEDIAL MEDIASTINUM = AZYGOUS VEIN N218 79.

CORONARY ARTERY = LIES WITHIN CORONARY SULCUS 80.

EMPTIES INTO RIGHT ATRIUM OF HEART = N204 CORONARY SINUS 81.

MOST COMMON CONGENITAL DEFECT OF HEART = INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT 82.

OTITIS MEDIA MOST COMMONLY EFFECTS = TASTE OF ANT. 2/3 OF TONGUE 83.

JUGULAR NOTCH = PART OF MANUBRIUM 84.

MOST SUPERFICIAL VEIN = SAPHENOUS 85.

EJACULATORY DUCT EMPTIES INTO = PROSTATIC URETHRA 86.

PULMONARY LIG. DERIVED FROM TWO LAYERS OF = MEDIASTINAL PLEURA 87.

ALVEOLUS MADE OF = SIMPLE SQUAMOUS 88.

HYALINE CARTILAGE IS LOCATED = BRONCHI 89.

MYOTOMES INVOLVED IN FLEXION OF THE THUMB = C8 90.

NERVE EFFECTED IF THERE IS LOSS OF ABDUCTION AND ADDUCTION OF THE FINGERS 91.

FROM 2-5 = ULNAR NERVE

MS DERIVED FROM HYPOMERIC DEVISIONS OF MYOTOMES = LONGUS COLI MS 92.

WRAPS AROUND MS FIBER = ENDOMYCIUM 93.

FUNCTION OF TYPE II ALVEOLAR CELLS = PRODUCTION OF SURFACTANT 94.

SUPERIOR ATTACHMENT OF PECTORALIS MINOR MS = COROCOID PROCESS OF SCAPULA 95.

DORSIFLEXION OF THE FOOT = PERONEUS TERTIUS 96.

PERONEUS BREVIS = PLANTARFLEX AND EVERTS THE FOOT 97.

QUADRATE LOBE LOCATED = N270 LIGAMENTUM TERES AND GALLBLADDER 98.

TONSIL NOT PART OF RING OF WALDEYER = SUBMANDIBULAR 99.

100.RIGHT DEEP CERVICAL LYMPHNODES DRAIN INTO = HEPATIC DUCT

101.APPENDIX IS OUT POUCHING OF = CECUM

102.TENIEA COLI AND APPENDICES ARE PARTS OF GI TRACT = COLON

103.INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY SUPPLY=DESCENDING COLON

104.GALLSTONES LODGED COMMONLY IN THE = HEPATOPANCREATIC DUCT

105.LOCATED WITHIN CAPSULE OF KNEE JOINT = CRUCIATE LIG.

106.SKIN LAYER LOCATED IN PALMS OF HANDS AND SOLES OF FEET = STRATUM LUCIDUM

107.MUSCLE THAT IS MAJOR ABDUCTOR OF THE THIGH = GLUTEUS MEDIUS

108.MAJOR CALYX DRAINS INTO = RENAL PELVIS

109.PART OF STOMACH WHICH PROTRUDES IN A PATIENT WITH A SLIDING HERNIA =

CARDIAC (N

110.RETROPERITONEAL ORGAN = KIDNEY

111.CEPHALIC VEIN DRAINS = AXILLARY

112.KUPFFER CELL IN LIVER FUNCTION = PHAGOCYTOSIS

113.PAPILLARY MUSCLE = TO PREVENT BACKFLOW FROM VENTRICLE

114.PROXIMAL RADIO-ULNAR JOINT = PIVOT

115.AMPHIARTHRODIAL JOINT = SYMPHYSIS AND SYNCHONDROSIS

116.LYMPHOID TISSUE AROUND BLOOD VESSEL IN THE SPLEEN = WHITE PULP

117.POPLITEAL VEIN DRAINS INTO = FEMORAL VEIN

118.PAROTID DUCT OPENS INTO = VESTIBULE

119.PLANES THAT ARE HORIZONTAL TO GROUND = TRANSVERSE

120.PERNICIOUS ANEMIA MAY BE CAUSED BY = OXCYTIC CELLS

121.INF. EPIGASTRIC ARTERY IS A BRANCH OF = EXTERNAL ILIAC

122.PLICAE CIRCULARIS LOCATED = SMALL INTESTINE

123.INSERTION OF PELVIC DIAPHRAM = ANOCOCCYGEAL LIG

124.ATTACHED TO OLECRANON PROCESS = TRICEPS

MICRO

PRODUCES EXOTOXIN THAT MAY CAUSE DZ = CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM 1.

CROSSES PLACENTA AND CAN EFFECT FETUS = RUBELLA 2.

LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH IN AIDS PTS. = PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII 3.

EXOTOXIN CAN ACT UPON WHAT TO DAMAGE CELL (WALL) = PHOSPHOLIPID LAYER 4.

GRAM – DIPLOCOCCUS THAT IS CATALASE – = NEISSERIA 5.

CONTRIBUTES MOST TO POLLUTION = AUTOMOBILES 6.

ID OF STREP CLASSES = REBECCA LANCEFEILD 7.

JOSEPH LISTER = ANTISEPTIC SURGERY 8.

LOUIS PASTURE = GERM THEORY 9.

EDWARD JENNER = SMALL POX VACCINE 10.

MAIN ANTIBODY SEEN IN SALIVA AND MOTHERS MILK = IgA 11.

MAY IN DANGER THE HEALTH OF THE FETUS = TOXOPLASMA GONDII 12.

RELEASE PROGLOTTIDS = TAENIA SOLIUM 13.

WESTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS = ARBO VIRUS 14.

FIFTH DZ IS CLASSIFIED BY WHICH = VIRUS 15.

PENICILLIN EFFECTS BACTERIA BY = SYNTHESIS OF PEPTOGLYCANS 16.

KISSING BUGS CAUSES = CHAGAS DZ. 17.

STREP VS STAPH DIFFERENTIATION = CATALASE + 18.

SOFT CHANCRE ASSOCIATED WITH = HEAMOPHILUS DUCREI 19.

BRANCH OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THAT FOLLOWS MORTALITY RATE = STATE 20.

HEALTH DEPT.

ORGAN WHERE ADULT TRICHOMA RESIDE = EYEBALL 21.

MATERIALS INGESTED CONTAINING RAW SEWAGE = ASCARIASIS 22.

NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS ACQUIRED = HOSPITALIZATION 23.

ADDED TO TREAT SEWAGE TO DESTROY RESIDUAL MICROBES = CHLORINE 24.

BUBO = PLAGUE 25.

KILLED POLIO VACCINE = SALK 26.

MOST OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX INFECTION = RED SPOTS ON THE 27.

FACE

GAS GANGRENE IS CAUSED BY = CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGES 28.

RAT BITE FEVER = STREPTOBACCILUS 29.

REACTION TO WHEAT BARLEY AND RYE = GLUTEN 30.

TOXOID FOR TETANUS = ARTIFICIAL ACTIVE IMMUNITY 31.

TB SKIN TEST = DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY RX (TYPE IV) 32.

KILLS ALL MICROORGANISMS = AUTOCLAVING 33.

DZ TRANSMITTED BY MITES = SCABIES 34.

SUBSTANCE FOUND IN MILK TO DETERMINE PASTEURIZATION = PHOSPHATASE 35.

MATURE TAPE WORM LIVES IN THIS PART OF BODY = SMALL INTESTINE 36.

DRY COUGH DUE TO DRY CONDITIONS = COCCIDIOMYCOSIS 37.

IMMUNOGLOBULINS = IgG CROSSES PLACENTA 38.

MOST PREVALENT IMMUNOGLOBINS = IgG 39.

RX BEST DESCRIBES TYNE TEST = TYPE 4 (DELAYED) 40.

GROUP THAT SUPPLIES $$$ FOR RESEARCH = N.I.H. 41.

WATER PURIFICATION WHICH REMOVES MOST BACTERIA = SEDIMENTATION 42.

SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS = MOIST HEAT STERILIZATION 43.

GRAM – DIPLOCOCCUS IN A CHILD = NEISSERIA MENINGITIDES 44.

ANAPHYLAXIS ASSOCIATED WITH THIS RX = TYPE I 45.

WAY TO PREVENT FOOD POISONING FROM UNDERCOOKED CHICKEN = COOKING 46.

EXCESS FLUORIDE LEADS TO = MOTTLED TEETH 47.

FUNGUS OF THE SCALP = TINEA CAPITUS 48.

MOST COMMON CAUSE OF DEATH IN US = HEART DZ 49.

CHILD WITH RASH ON BUTTOCKS = E. VERMICULARIS 50.

IMMUNITY FROM MOTHER TO BABY = NATURAL PASSIVE 51.

LIVE POLIO VACCINE = ARTIFICIAL ACTIVE IMMUNITY 52.

MOST COMMON SYMPTOM OF CHOLERA = RICE WATER STOOLS 53.

NEGRI BODIES FOUND IN THIS DZ = RABIES 54.

MOST COMMONLY ASSOC. WITH TSS = STAPH 55.

VECTOR OF WESTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS = MOSQUITO 56.

PARASITE EFFECTS PERSON WALKING IN FECES = NECATOR AMERICANS 57.

GRAY PSEUDOMEMBRANE = DIPHTHERIA 58.

PASTEURIZATION IS COMPLETE WHEN = BRUCELLOSIS IS KILLED 59.

PURPOSE OF PASTEURIZATION IS TO = STOP GROWTH OF BACTERIA 60.

PYOGENIC ORGANISM = PUS FORMATION 61.

PATHOGEN ON CONTAMINATED WATER = LEPTOSPIRA INTEROGANS 62.

LEGIONNAIRE ’S DZ = BACTERIA 63.

FUNGI IMPERFECTI ARE NAMED DUE TO = NO SEXUAL SPORES 64.

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DZ CAUSES P.I.D. AND INFERTILITY = CHLAMYDIA 65.

TRACHOMATIS

ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER = RICKETTSIA RICKETTSIA 66.

SHIGELLA = DYSENTERY 67.

DIPHTHERIA = PHARYNGEAL PSEUDOMEMBRANE 68.

PARASITES = EOSINOPHILS 69.

MALARIA INFECTION = RBC (ERYTHROCYTE DISTRUCTION) 70.

RESULT IN PHAGE INDUCTION IN STAPH = OSTEOMYOLITIS 71.

INFANTS = RSV 72.

INFECTIOUS MONO =EPSTEIN BARR 73.

KOPLIK SPOTS = RUBEOLA 74.

SOUTH AMERICAN, COFFEE GROUND VOMITING, NOSE BLEEDS, SEVERE HEADACHE AND 75.

JAUNDICE = YELLOW FEVER

CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE RX RECOGNIZE = CLASS I HLA ANTIGEN 76.

GROW AT 55 „aCELSIUS = THERMOPHILE 77.

HARD BLACK SUBCUTANEOUS NODULES AROUND SCALP HAIR = PIEDRI HORTAE 78.

MOST COMMON IN HARD WATER = CA+ AND MG SALTS 79.

STREPTOCOCCUS AS THE RESULT OF LYSOGENIC CONVERSION = ERYTHROGENIC TOXIN 80.

PRODUCED BY CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS = GAS GANGRENE 81.

FEDERAL AGENCY THAT REGULATES HAZARDOUS WASTE = E.P.A. 82.

IgE = TYPE I HYPERSENSITIVITY 83.

RIVER BLINDNESS = LOA LOA 84.

BACILLUS CALMETTE GUERON VACCINE (BCG) PROVIDES = TB 85.

GINGIVAL STOMATITIS = HERPES SIMPLEX I 86.

TRANSMISSION OF MEASLES = RESPIRATORY INHALATION 87.

PURULENT VAGINAL DISCHARGE = NEISSERIA GONORRHEA 88.

INFLUENZA PANDEMIC OCCURS = ANTIGENIC SHIFT 89.

PARASITES CAUSE CYSTICERCOSIS = TEANIA SOLIUS 90.

MOST DAMAGING TO OZONE LAYER = FLUOROCARBONS 91.

MOST COMMON FECAL CONTAMINATION IN WATER = E COLI 92.

SOURCE OF WATER WITH MOST SULFUR = RAIN WATER (ACID) 93.

STEP SUBSEQUENT TO FLOCCULATION = SEDIMENTATION 94.

BACK WASHING USED IN WHICH STAGE OF DRINKING WATER = FILTRATION 95.

ELEMENTS PREVALENT IN SIGNIFICANT AMOUNTS IN GROUND WATER = RADON 96.

IMMUNOGLOBINS 1 ST TO APPEAR IN CIRCULATION AFTER ANTIGENIC STIMULATION = 97.

IgM

CELLS IN PLASMA CONTAINING IL-II = T-LYMPHOCYTES 98.

TRANSMISSION OF HAV = INGESTION 99.

100.CAUSE OF RINGWORM = FUNGUS

ANISM THAT CAUSES THRUSH = CANDIDA ALBICANS

102.MALARIAL PARASITES REPRODUCE IN = RBC ’S

103.COCCIODIMYCOSIS IS A FUNGUS EFFECTING THE = LUNG

104.C3 CAN BE AGGRAVATED BY = PLASMIN

105.NECATOR AMERICANS INFECTIVE STAGE = trophozoite

PATHOLOGY

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS IS = AUTOIMMUNE DZ 1.

FIRST INVOLVED IN DUCHENES MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY = PELVIC GIRDLE 2.

„` IN VITAMIN K = BRUISING AND BLEEDING 3.

REITER SYNDROME = ARTHRITIS, URETHRITIS AND CONJUNCTIVITIS 4.

FISSURES IN ARTICULAR CARTILAGE AND LOSS 5.

OF PROTEOGLYCANS = OSTEOARTHRITIS

„` IN B 12 CAN RESULT IN THIS ANEMIA = MEGALOBLASTIC 6.

CHRONIC RH = FELTY ’S SYNDROME 7.

ELEPHANTIASIS IS WHAT TYPE OF OBSTRUCTION = LYMPHATIC 8.

MULTIPLE MYELOMA = PLASMA CELLS CYTOMA (NEOPLASM) 9.

AIDS = CD4 10.

PYOGENIC OSTEOMYOLITIS EFFECTS WHICH PORTION OF LONG BONE = METAPHYSIS 11.

MOST COMMON MALIGNANCY IN MEN 40-60 = PROSTATE 12.

CELIAC DZ IS SENSITIVE TO = GLUTEN 13.

PATHOLOGY THAT EFFECTS BASAL GANGLION = PARKINSONS 14.

EXCESS URIC ACID = GOUTY ARTHRITIS 15.

MONOSODIUM CRYSTALS = TOPHI = GOUT 16.

HYPOTHYROIDISM = HASHIMOTO ’S THYROIDITIS 17.

MOST COMMON PRIMARY MALIGNANCY OF BONE = MULTIPLE MYELOMA 18.

MOST COMMON MALIGNANCY IN BONE = METASTATIC DZ 19.

MOST COMMON LOCATION FOR AN OSTEOSARCOMA = METAPHYSIS 20.

MOST COMMON BENIGN TUMOR FOUND IN UTERUS = LEIOMYOMA 21.

CLUBBING OF FINGERS IS ASSOCIATED IN WHICH = BRONCHOGENIC CARCINOMA 22.

FORMS OF NECROSIS MOST COMMON IN CNS = LIQUEFACTIVE 23.

UNCONJUGATED BILIRUBIN IN THE BASAL GANGLION IN INFANTS = KERNICTERUS 24.

(YELLOW KID)

ACCUMULATION OF GLUCOCEREBROCIDES IN THE BODY TISSUES IS = GAUCHER ’S DZ 25.

(FATTY DEPOSITS)

UMN LESION AND LMN LESION FINDING IN = ALS (LOU GEHRIGS DZ) 26.

THIAMIN „` = BERI BERI IS CAUSED BY 27.

HEMOPHILIA A = FACTOR 8 DEFICEINCY 28.

MIGRATION OF LEUKOCYTES = CHEMOTAXIS 29.

SMOKING IS MAJOR CAUSE OF = THROMBOANGITIS OBLITERANS 30.

IMPLICATED IN CERVICAL CANCER = HPV 31.

SIGN IN KWASHIORKOR = EDEMA 32.

MARASMUS IS CAUSED BY = KILOCALORIE ↓33.

T CELLS AIDS IN FUNCTION OF B CELLS = CD4 34.

TISSUE CHANGE OF SIZE, SHAPE AND FUNCTION BUT RETURN TO NORMAL = DYSPLASIA 35.

LEUKOCYTE PRESENT IN ACUTE INFLAMMATION = NEUTROPHIL 36.

MOST APT TO OCCUR IN TERTIARY STAGE OF SYPHILIS = TESTICULAR GUMMA 37.

GRANULOCYTE IN EPITHELIAL CELLS IS FOUND = TB 38.

NOT A PART OF INNATE IMMUNITY = B-MEMORY 39.

WOOLSORTERS DZ = RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 40.

LINKED TO CANCER OF CERVIX DECLINE = CONDOMS 41.

„` OF PROTEIN = CAUSES EDEMA 42.

REJECTION OF ORGAN TRANSPLANT = TYPE IV 43.

ARACHNODACTALY, SUBLUXATION OF THE LENS, HYPERMOBILITY OF JOINTS = 44.

MARFAN ’S SYNDROME

ALBERS SCHLOENBERG DZ = MARBLE BONE 45.

CNS EFFECTED BY PARKINSON ’S DZ = EXTRAPYRAMIDAL TRACT 46.

FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA IS CONSIDERED TO BE = DOMINANT 47.

MOST COMMON SYMPTOM OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER = DIFFICULTY SWALLOWING 48.

26 YOA FEMALE PRESENTS WITH PROGRESSIVE OCULAR WEAKNESS = MYASTHENIA 49.

GRAVIS

DIABETES INSIPIDIS IS ACCOMPANIED BY = DECREASED ADH 50.

HLA B27 = A.S. 51.

EWINGS SARCOMA EFFECTS = DIAPHYSIS OF LONG BONE 52.

COMPLETE DISORGANIZATION = ANAPLASIA 53.

PRODUCTION OF REACTIVE BONE FOLLOWED BY BONE REABSORBTION = OSTEITIS 54.

CONDENSONS ILLI

HEALING FRACTURE EXHIBITS = CALLOUS FORMATION 55.

„` GABA IS FOUND IN = HUNTINGTON ’S CHOREA 56.

HUNTINGTON ’S CHOREA = DEMENTIA AND BIZARRE MVMTS 57.

A DISTINCT CHARACTERISTIC OF GRANULAR LAYER OF SKIN = CONTAINS 58.

KERATOHYALINE AND TONOFIBRILS THAT FORM KERATIN

SUBACUTE PANENCEPHALITIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH = MEASLES 59.

LEWY BODIES = PARKINSON ’S DZ 60.

FATTY STREAKS IN A ORGAN = ATHEROSCLEROSIS 61.

PANNUS FORMATION = HYPERTROPHY OF SYNOVIAL JOINT 62.

MOST COMMON LOCATION OF OSTEOCHONDROMA = KNEE 63.

MOST COMMON BENIGN TUMOR OF AXIAL SKELETON = HEMANGIOMA 64.

GALLSTONES MADE OF = CHOLESTEROL 65.

MOST COMMON MALIGNANT TUMOR OF BONE IN A CHILD = OSTEOGENIC SARCOMA 66.

LEAST DANGEROUS BRAIN TUMOR = ASTROCYTOMA 67.

TYPE OF BONE MARROW IN CANCELLOUS BONE = YELLOW 68.

GREATEST THREAT TO PERSON WITH THROMBOPHLEBITIS = EMBOLISM TO LUNGS 69.

MOST COMMON AREA OF HEART DAMAGED IN MI = LEFT VENTRICLE 70.

PULMONARY HYPERTENSION EFFECTS = RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY 71.

HORNER ’S SYNDROME = PTOSIS AND PUPILLARY CONSTRICTION 72.

MOST COMMON LOCATION FOR PANCREATIC CANCER = HEAD 73.

HYPOTHYROIDISM IS KNOWN AS = MYXEDEMA 74.

XXY CONFIGURATION INDICATES = KLEINFELTERS SYNDROME 75.

ASCHOFF BODIES = RH 76.

MONOSOMY X = TURNERS SYNDROME 77.

ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA CAUSED BY = MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIA 78.

LOBAR PNEUMONIA = STREPTOCOCCUS 79.

SPIROCHETE IS RESPONSIBLE = LYMES DZ 80.

BIOCHEMISTRY

ACIDIC CONDITIONS IN THE LIVER AS A RESULT OF ALCOHOLISM DUE TO A BUILDUP OF 1.

= ACETATE

QUICKEST TO BECOME RANCID = OLIVE OIL 2.

„` VITAMIN RESPONSIBLE FOR XEROPHTHALMIA = RETINOL 3.

KETONE BODY SYNTHESIS = INCOMPLETE OXIDATION OF FATS 4.

„` OF HMG COA SYNTHASE = CHOLESTEROL 5.

10% MALTOSE, 10% LACTOSE, AND 50% SUCROSE,__70__ IS 6.

GLUCOSE__5__GALACTOSE__25__IS FRUCTOSE

„` VIT DEPLETION IF ANTIBIOTIC INGESTION = VITAMIN K 7.

ELECTRON TRANSPORT WHICH CONTAIN COPPER = CYTOCHROME C 8.

FA ACROSS MC MB = CARNITINE 9.

TRANSKELATION RX= TPP (B1) 10.

FATTY ACID BIOSYNTHESIS REQUIRES NADPH = KETOACYL REDUCTASE – ALLOWS USE 11.

BY NADPH

APOENZYME OF A HOLOENZYME = PROTEIN 12.

A LOW MOLECULAR SUBSTANCE THAT MUST COMBINE TO BECOME ACTIVE = HAPTEN 13.

HUMORAL „³ B CELLS „³PLASMA CELLS „³IMMUNOGLOBINS „³14.

CELL MEDIATED „³ T4 T HELPER, T8, T5 „³ THYMUS 15.

BENCE JONES PROTEINURIA = MULTIPLE MYELOMA 16.

EFFECTS GROWTH FACTOR = ZINC ↓17.

GLYCOGEN CONVERTED TO MONOSACHARIDE PHOSPHATE = GLYCOGENOLYSIS 18.

AN ISOMER OF GLYCERYLDEHYDE 3 PHOSPHATE = DIHYDROACETONEPHOSPHATE 19.

GLUCONEOGENESIS WITH LIPOLYSIS BUT NO PROTEIN SYNTHESIS = STARVATION 20.

STATE THAT PRODUCES THE MOST FA = HIGH CARB DIET 21.

HIGHEST ENERGY COMPOUND =CREATINE PHOSPHATE 22.

A NEGATIVE ALLOSTERIC INHIBITOR - PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE = ATP 23.

SUPPLIES MAIN FUEL TO BRAIN = GLUCOSE 24.

VITAMIN LETHAL IN HIGH DOSE – VIT D 25.

A NON POLAR SIDE CHAIN = ALANINE 26.

TYPE OF BOND FOUND IN A SECONDARY PROTEIN = HYDROGEN 27.

A PENTOSE = RIBOSE 28.

BOND IN LIPIDS = ESTER 29.

DECARBOXILATION OF ACETOACETATE = ACETONE 30.

REASON TCA CYCLE CAN NOT PROCEED UNDER AEROBIC CONDITIONS = NO NAD OR FAD 31.

WITHOUT O2

KREB ’S CYCLE ENZYME = CITRATE SYNTHESASE 32.

starts glycogenolysis = glycogen phophorylase 33.

change of tertiary protein when heated = 34.

net gain of glycolysis = nadph and ______atp. = 2,2 35.

glucose is only obtained from = maltose 36.

beta oxidation takes place = mitochondria 37.

electron transport system = inner mitochondrial membrane 38.

ubiquinone is found = mitochondrial membrane 39.

involved in de-carboxylation = thiamin 40.

b1 = thiamin = tpp 41.

co-factor for transamination = pyridoxine 42.

makes up coa = b5 co-ash 43.

is a purine = adenine 44.

anti codone location = t rna = transfer rna 45.

rough endoplasmic reticulum = ribosomes 46.

steroids need = cholesterol to form 47.

nucleic acids that make up codon = 48.

sulfur containing amino acid = methionine and cistine 49.

contain alpha 1,4 and alpha 1,6 = glycogen 50.

chondroitin sulfate is part of = glycosaminoglycans 51.

one carbon transfers = transcarboxylation = b9 folic acid and tetrahydrofolate 52.

pentose phosphate pathway = ribose 5 phospahte 53.

converts methmalonyl coa to succinyl coa = b 12 (cyanocobalamine) 54.

niacin(b3) and riboflavin(b2) are involved in = oxidation and reduction 55.

comes from riboflavin = fad 56.

a ketohexose = fructose 57.

aspartame = phenyLalanine 58.

a zymogen = trypsinogen 59.

zymogen is an inactive enzyme 60.

breakdown of triglycerides is accomplished by = oxidation 61.

1/2 vmax = km 62.

lactose = beta 1,4, bonds 63.

allosteric enzyme found only in gluconeogenesis = pyruvate carboxylase 64.

not a pyrimidine = adenine 65.

does not use or make nadph h = beta oxidation of fatty acid 66.

does ppp and glutatHione pyroxidase 67.

bilirubin formed by DEGRADATION of = heme 68.

ORNATHINE and citroline = are not stored in humans but are present in urea cycle 69.

does not effect vmax = addition of a non-competitive inhibitor 70.

one mole of glucose = 2 atp in glycolysis 71.

not optically active = glycine 72.

„` vitamin cause neurologic rx = b1 thiamin (beri beri) 73.

„^ folic acid b9 can be bad = mask b ↓ in diet 74.

hexose MONOPHOSPHATE shunt = pentose and nadph 75.

transports cholesterol from tissue to liver = VLDL 76.

stored form of iron = ferritin 77.

transfers carbon atoms from mitochondria to cytoplasm = citrate 78.

stimulates gluconeogenesis = cortisol 79.

supplies most energy = fat = 9 KCAL 80.

precursor to niacin = tryptophan 81.

ANAEROBIC glycolysis in the ms. and gluconeogenesis in the liver = cori-alanine cycle 82.

source of ribose for nucleotide formation = ppp 83.

fasting causes low levels of = insulin 84.

glycerol „³ glucose by = gluconeogenesis 85.

reacts with acetyl coa to form citrate = oxaloacetate 86.

glycolysis and gluconeogenesis = glyceralaldehyde – 3 – p+pI+nad+---1,3, bisphosphate??? 87.

lactate dehydrogenase = converts pyruvate to lactate during anerobic glycolisis 88.

transaldolase ans tranketolase rx involve = c1, c2 carbons 89.

non reducing sacharide = sucrose 90.

yelloW fruit and green and yellow leafy veg. = carotene 91.

aids in vitamin e utilization = antioxidant (aces) selenium 92.

prevents absorPtion of ca+ = oxalic acid (spinach) 93.

buffer during respiration = carbonic anhydrase – binds h20 and co2 94.

iron ABSORPTION in the lumen of the small intestine is DEPENDENT = ferritin –stored iron 95.

iron more readily absorbed in the presence of vit c in what state = helps to absorb iron so active form of vit 96.

c is in its reduced 2 +state, kept by bioflavinoids in reduced state,

generic form of carbs = (ch2o) n 97.

aTTACHED TO PROTEOGLYCANS = HYALURONIC ACID ( FOUND IN SYNOVIAL FLUID ) 98.

DECOSAHEXANOIC ACID = COCONUT OIL 99.

PEP +ADP---PYRUVATE +ATP = ANAEROBIC 100.

GLYCOLYSIS

EPIMERE OF D-GLUCOSE = D- GALACTOSE 101.

RATE LIMITING STEP = HMG COA – MEVALONATE 102.

+

SUGAR IN SOME COENZYMES AND NUCLEIC 103.

ACIDS = RIBOSE

LARGE CONSUMPTION OF RAW EGGS WILL 104.

CAUSE „` OF WHICH VIT. = BIOTIN

KCAL YIELD FROM FAT = 90 105.

G-6-P IS RATE LIMITING ENZYME IN = PPP 106.

STORED FROM OF GLUCOSE = GLYCOGEN 107.

ACTION OF ENZYMES = LOWER REACTION TIME 77.

PROTEIN IS MADE IN = RIBOSOME ’S PART OF CELL

% OF CA+ IN BODY IS STORED IN BONE = 99 78.

COBALAMINE NOT AN ANTI OXIDANT 79.

FAT MOBILIZATION = LOW BLOOD SUGAR, DUE TO GLUCAGON 80.

COMPLEMENTS RNA STRAND = 5 °GCUTTC 3 °81.

VEG. DIET „` IN IRON (COBALAMINE) 82.

FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS IN THE LIVER IN THIS FORM = CHYLOMICRONS 83.

CO Q-10 IS FOUND IN WHICH PATHWAY = ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (H20 AND CO2) 84.

IS A POLYSACCHARIDE = GLYCOGEN 85.

T RNA FROM A-SITE TO P-SITE = TRANSLOCATION 86.

PHYSIOLOGY

NERVE CELL INSIDE IS K = SWALLOWS NA+ 1.

DEPOLARIZATION IS WHEN CELL IS FIRING = BECOMES MORE POSITIVE 2.

REPOLARIZATION IS WHEN THE CELL IS RESTING = NA+ OUT OF CELL 3.

ABSOLUTE REFRACTORY PERIOD = CANNOT GET CELL TO FIRE 4.

RELATIVE REFRACTORY PERIOD = CELL CAN FIRE 5.

PNS = SCHWANN CELLS 6.

CNS = OLIGO CELLS 7.

ACTION POTENTIAL STARTS AT = HILLOX 8.

NODE TO NODE OR SALTITORY 9.

ACH-„³ ACH RECEPTOR IS THE GOAL = NEEDS CA+ TO achieve SYNAPSE 10.

HEART CELL = ATRIA CONTRACT-„³ P WAVE OF DIASTOLE „³ VENTRICLE CONTRACT „³ 11.

SYSTOLE 1 ST HEART SOUND QRS OF WAVE „³PRESSURE ↑ IN VENTRICLE TILL AORTIC VALVE

OPENS = T OF WAVE = AORTIC VALVE SHUTS 2 ND HEART SOUND „³ DIASTOLE „³T WAVE =

REPOLARIZATION

CALLED PASSIVE FILLING DURING = RESTING STAGE OR DIASTOLE 12.

ISOVOLIMIC CONTRACTION = SYSTOLE 13.

EJECTION = AORTIC VALVE OPENS 14.

ISOVOLIMIC RELAXATION = DIASTOLE 15.

CONDUCTION OF THE HEART = SA NODE----AV NODE---PURKINJE BUNDLE FIBERS 16.

NEUROANATOMY

PARKINSONS = ↓ DOPAMINE MADE IN SUBSTANTIA NIGRA IN THE BASAL GANGLIA, 1.

FESTINATING GATE, RESTING TREMOR, PILL ROLLING,

2. EXTRA-PYRAMIDAL = SENSORY PATHWAY FROM DRG „³THALAMUS „³POST CENTRAL GYRUS

3. PYRAMIDAL = MOTOR, INITIATES MOVEMENTS, CORTICOSPINAL TRACT,

4. LATERAL HORNS OR INTERO-MEDIAL-LATERAL-CELL-COLUMN T1-L2 CARRY

SYMPATHETIC

5. PARASYMPATHETIC = NONE IN SKIN

6. COMMISSURE = PRE-GANGLIONIC SYMPATHETIC IN WHITE RAMI COMMUNICANT ’S

physiology

acth „^ production of = aldosterone 1.

describes action of above = distal tubules PERMEABILITY 2.

largest = vital capacity 3.

calcitonin = 4.

function of bASAL gANGLIA = movement planning 5.

renin has this effect = increase blood pressure 6.

myelin effect on nerves = increases transmembrane conduction 7.

stim. breakdown of PROTEIN = cortisol 8.

circulation controlled by ns then metabolism. = skin 9.

clinical procedure evaluates vestibular sense = caloric test 10.

secreted by placenta during 2 nd and 3 rd tri and causes proliferation of endo and mammilary glands = 11.

progesterone

can cause resp. alkalosis = hyperventilation 12.

excreted in urine = nh4+ 13.

most abundant. in intracellular fluid = k+ 14.

easily pass through glomerulus in the kidney = inulin 15.

function of lymph = immunity 16.

burning aching pain is transmitted by = c fibers 17.

a delta = pain from pressure 18.

breakdown of starch begins = mouth 19.

majOR of carbON dIoxIDE is trans. by = carboxyhemoglobin 20.

ability of hemoglobin to absorb co2 is reduced by = o2 21.

sodium/potassium pump transports what = 3 na+ out and 2 k+ in 22.

determines neurotransmitter release at neuro ms jx = the amount of ca+ that inters the axon terminal 23.

ion linked to depolarization of nerve endings and vascular release of nt = ca+ 24.

pARTIAL pRESSURE of co2 is „^ then --- and ---= alveoli and atmospheric air 25.

starlings law of the heart states that within physiological 26.

limits = heart pumps all blood that goes in out

membrane potential prevents net diffusion of an ion across mb = resting 27.

lmn carries = spinal cord —effector 28.

hyperventilation has this effect on healthy individual =↓ pco2 29.

angiotenson ii does which = constriction of arterioles 30.

during pregNANCY levels of estrogen and progesterone = both are high, progesterone dominates 31.

function of inhibitory nt = inactivates na+ channels 32.

hormones involved in initiation of spermatogenesis = fsh and lh 33.

most directly effects max oxygen carrying capabilities = erythropoiesis 34.

low humidity loss heat at 70 = radiation 35.

mono-synaptic reflex transmission = stretch 36.

during exercise pulse „^ due to = blood pressure 37.

inhibits secretion of adh = alcohol 38.

secretion of parathyroid hormone is „` in blood concentration = ca+2 39.

transmission of sensory signals from thermal receptors to higher levels in the cns = spinalthalamic 40.

reduces peripheral arterial pressure = decrease SYMPATHETIC 41.

increase in aortic pressure would „` what = stroke volume 42.

RHYTHM of normal cardiac cycle is determined by = sa node 43.

major driving force of gfr = glomerular CAPILLARY hydrostatic pressure 44.

velocity of impulse trans is slowest in which part of heart = av node 45.

metabolic acidosis = pco2 is higher than normal 46.

„^ physical activity which blood flow remains constant = brain 47.

from specialized cells called neural crest cells = adrenal medulla 48.

descending pain modulating system inhibits = internal c fibers in the dorsal horn 49.

SPINAL ANATOMY

CONTAIN INFERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE = SPHENOID 1.

PASSES THROUGH FORAMEN ROTUNDUM = MAXILLARY NERVE 2.

TRANSMITTED THROUGH FORAMEN OVALE = MANDIBULAR NERVE 3.

FORAMEN SPINOSUM CONTAINS = MIDDLE MENINGEAL ARTERY 4.

CRISTA AMPULARIS = FOUND IN SEMICIRCULAR DUCT 5.

OBSTRUCTION OF FORAMEN OF MONROE = LATERAL VENTRICLE 6.

CSF IS NORMALLY CONTAINED WITHIN = SUBARACHNOID SPACE 7.

PYRAMIDAL TRACTS DECUSSATE IN = MEDULLA 8.

ORIENTATION OF LUMBAR SPINE FACETS = ANTERIOR AND LATERAL 9.

DERMATOME OF THE MIDDLE FINGER IF DERIVED FROM = C7 10.

CRANIAL NERVES FROM SECOND PHARYNGEAL ARCH = CN7 11.

CRANIAL NERVES THAT IS NOT PARASYMPATHETIC = VI 12.

CRIBIFORM PLATE = OLFACTORY 13.

EXITS CRANIAL VAULT VIA = OPTIC CANAL 14.

GREY RAMI COMMUNICATES CONTAIN WHICH FIBERS = POSTGANGLIONIC SYMPATHETIC 15.

DISC HERNIATION – MC POSTEROLATERAL 16.

SPLANCHNIC NERVES DERIVED FROM T10-T11= LESSOR 17.

LEVEL OF SPINAL CORD WHERE CONUS MEDULLARIS IS FOUND = L1-L2 18.

GLOBUS PALLIDUS = THALAMUS 19.

CELL FOUND FROM PREMOTOR CORTEX TO THE SPINAL CORD = PYRAMIDAL CORTEX 20.

CEREBRO-PONTO-CEREBELLAR INVOLVES = COORDINATION OF MOVEMENT 21.

TRIGEMINAL NERVE EXITS THROUGH CSF THROUGH = PONTINE CISTERN 22.

TECTOSPINAL IS RESPONSIBLE FOR = ROTATION OF CERVICAL SPINE 23.

VERTEBRA WITH FULL AND DEMI FACETS = T1 24.

OCULOMOTOR NERVE = LEVATOR PALPEBRA SUPERIORUS 25.

PON ’S SUPPLIED BY = BASILAR ARTERY 26.

FOURTH VENTRICLE IS CONTINUOS WITH = SUBARACHNOID SPACE 27.

SUP. CONTINUATION WITH PLL = TECTORAL MEMBRANE 28.

NUCHAL LIG. CONTINUATION OF = SUPRASPINOUS 29.

POST. PONTICLE CALCIFICATION = POST. ATLANTOOCCIPITAL MB 30.

GROOVE IN VERTEBRA = POSTERIOR ARCH 31.

DOES NOT HAVE BIFID SPINOUS = C7 32.

LEVEL VERTEBRAL ARTERY ENTERS CERVICAL SPINE = C6 33.

ATTACHES TO TRANSVERSE PROCESS OF L5 TO 34.

THE ILIAC CREST = SUPERIOR BAND OF ILIOLUMBAR LIG.

8 TH RIB = BOTH VERTEBRAL CHONDRAL AND FALSE 35.

COUPLING MOTION IN THE C/S DURING LATERAL FLEXION = IPSILATERAL ROTATION 36.

POST. CHAMBER OF THE EYE IS LOCATED = IRIS TO THE LENS 37.

CRANIAL NERVE THAT INNERVATES BASE OF SKULL AND VERTEX OF THE HEAD = C2-C3 38.

SUPPLIES CUTANEOUS TO LOW BACK = POSTERIOR PRIMARY RAMI 39.

CONTAIN PERILYMPH = PETROUS PORTION OF THE TEMPORAL BONE 40.

EXCITATORY PARS COMPACTA TO SUBSTANTIA NIGRA = GLUTAMATE, ACH 41.

DOPAMINE AND GABA ARE INHIBITORY TO SUBSTANTIA NIGRA 42.

POSTERIOR GROOVE ON THE ODONTOID PROCESS = TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT 43.

TIP OF LATERAL ASPECTS OF THE DEN ’S = ALAR LIG. CHECK LIG 44.

DESTRUCTION OF POSTERIOR COLUMNS = VIBRATION SENSE 45.

CLIVUS IS COMPOSED of the SPHENOID BONE AND WHAT = OCCIPITAL BONES 46.

REMNANT OF NOTOCHORD = NUCLEUS PULPOSUS 47.

SPLENIUS CAPITUS MS INSERTS INTO = MASTOID PROCESS AND LATERAL ½ OF SUPERIOR 48.

NUCHAL LINE

SPINAL CORD IS WIDEST AT = C6 49.

FUNCTION OF EMISSARY VEINS = CONNECT INTRACRANIAL VENOUS SINUSES WITH VEINS 50.

OUTSIDE THE CRANIUM

NORMAL ORIENTATION OF THORACIC TRANSVERSE PROCESSES = 45* POSTEROLATERAL 51.

NO IVD IN = C1,C2 52.

AUDITORY FIBERS ARE CONTAINED = LATERAL LEMNISCUS 53.

UNCUS AND AMYGDALA RECEIVE = OLFACTORY BULB 54.

FIBROCARTILAGENOUS JOINT = SYMPHYSIS 55.

JOINT BETWEEN OCCIPUT AND C1 = CONDYLAR 56.

APOPHYSEAL JOINTS USE = ARTICULAR PROCESS 57.

CN INNERVATES MEDIAL PTERYGOID MS = V 58.

INNERVATES LARYNGEAL MS = INFERIOR LARYNGEAL BRANCH OF VAGUS 59.

SEGMENTAL LEVEL OF PHRENIC NERVE = C3,C4,C5 60.

SUPERIOR PETROSAL VEIN DRAINS INTO = SIGMOID SINUS 61.

PAROTID GLAND = IX 62.

CLIMBING FIBERS TO CB ORIGINATE = OLIVARY NUCLEUS 63.

VERTEBRAL ARTERIES ENTER SKULL THROUGH = FORAMEN MAGNUM 64.

SOMATIC VISCERAL PRIMARY NEURONS DERIVED FROM = NEURAL CREST CELLS 65.

SYNAPSE OF PREGANGLIONIC PZ FROM OCULOMOTOR NERVE = CILIARY GANGLION 66.

INABILITY TO MOVE JAW LATERALLY = V 67.

LAMINA TO LAMINA = LIG. FLAVUM 68.

THIRD BRACHIAL ARCH = STYLOPHARYNGEOS 69.

LOCATION OF VERTEBRAL PLEXUS = EPIDURAL 70.

CONFLUENT WITH CENTRAL CANAL OF SPINAL CORD = FOURTH VENTRICLE 71.

PLL = BROADENS IN CERVICAL AND NARROWS IN LUMBAR REGIONS 72.

AREA WHERE NO RODS AND NO CONES = OPTIC DISC 73.

SEPARATES THE CEREBRUM FROM CEREBELLUM = TENTORIUM CEREBELLI 74.

PHYSIOLOGICAL EXTENSION OF THE L/S, IVF ’S/ AND THE SPINAL CORD = SHORTEN, 75.

SHORTEN

INNERVATION OF DELTOID MS = C5,C6 76.

MAMMILARY PROCESSES = LOCATED ON THE SUPERIOR ARTICULATING PROCESS 77.

MICROGLIAL CELLS DERIVED FROM = MESENCHYMAL CELLS 78.

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