Revisiting the Definition of Type 2 Myocardial Infarction ...

[Pages:22]Revisiting the Definition of Type 2 Myocardial Infarction:

When is an abnormal troponin value not an MI?

Joseph S. Alpert, MD Professor of Medicine, University of Arizona

College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA; Editor-in-Chief, American Journal of

Medicine

Classification of Myocardial Infarction

Type 1 Spontaneous myocardial infarction related to ischemia due to a primary coronary event such as plaque erosion or rupture, fissuring or dissection

Type 2 Myocardial infarction secondary to ischemia due to imbalance between oxygen demand and supply e.g. coronary spasm, anemia, or hypotension

Type 3 Sudden cardiac death with symptoms of ischemia, accompanied by new ST elevation or LBBB, or verified coronary thrombus by angiography or autopsy, but death occurring before blood samples could be obtained

Type 4a Myocardial infarction associated with PCI Type 4b Myocardial infarction associated with verified stent thrombosis

Type 5 Myocardial infarction associated with CABG

Myocardial Infarction Type 2

Myocardial infarction secondary to ischemia due to either increased oxygen demand or decreased supply e.g. spasm, anemia, arrhythmia, or hypotension

Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction Type 1 and Type 2

Detection of rise and/or fall of cardiac biomarkers (preferably troponin) with at least one value above the 99th percentile of the upper reference limit together with evidence of ischemia with at least one of the following:

Symptoms of ischemia

ECG changes of new ischemia (new ST-T changes or new LBBB)

Development of pathological Q waves in the ECG

Imaging evidence of new loss of viable myocardium or new regional wall motion abnormality

1. The Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Committee: Myocardial infarction redefined -- A consensus document of The Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Committee for the Redefinition of Myocardial Infarction. Eur Heart J 2000; 21:1502-1513; J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:959969.

2. Thygesen K, Alpert JS, White HD: joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force for the Redefinition of Myocardial Infarction. Universal definition of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2007;28:2525-2538; Circulation 2007; 116: 2634-2653; J Am Coll Cardiol 2007.50:21732195.

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