Examination questions - Lexicology



Examination questions - Lexicology

1. Principle of compositionality

2. Semantic constituent

3. Two conditions that must be met by a lexical unit

4. Test of recurrent semantic contrast

5. Explain the notion of semantic traits (statuses)

6. Five types of semantic traits – examples

7. Canonical trait

8. Characterize idioms

9. Characterize collocations and explain the notion of semantic cohesion

10. Two factors contributing to semantic cohesion

11. Dead metaphor + examples

12. Explain the notions seme, sememe, lexical unit, lexeme, moneme, phraseme

13. Explain the difference between selection and modulation

14. Promotion and demotion

15. Highlighting and backgrounding

16. Graphically represent four basic logical relations

17. Quasi-relations

18. Explain three basic criteria for distinguishing between homonyms and polysemantic lexemes.

19. Can we speak of synonymy between lexical units or between lexemes. Justify your claim.

20. Explain the term cognitive synonyms

21. Give two types of semantic co-occurrence restrictions and explain them + examples

22. Complemenarity, converseness

23. Difference between converseness and conversion

24. Difference between homonyms and conversions

25. Contraries vs. contradictories

26. Explain the criteria of dominance and difference for lexical configurations

27. Explain the asymetric principle of the relation of dominance

28. Transitive and intransitive relations of dominance

29. Explain proportional series

30. Explain helices – is it a branching or a non-branching relation + example

31. Basic principles of componential analysis + example

32. Explain the notion of relation components + example

33. What is the difference between redundancy-free and redundant notation in componential analysis

34. Give the structure of relational components

35. Exemplify relational components for the predicates HAVE, CAUSE, GIVE, GET, KILL

36. Transfer features

37. Deictic features

38. Inferential features

39. Explain the notion of projection rules

40. Four tasks of a semantic theory according to Katz & Fodor corresponding to four basic abilities of speakers

41. Explain the difference between semantic markers and distinguishers

42. Explain the notion of semantic reversal + example

43. Sinclair distinguishes five categories of co-selection. Which of them are obligatory and which optional

44. Explain the difference between collocation and colligation

45. De Saussure’s model of sign

46. Ogden & Richards’ model of sign

47. Explain icons, indexes, and symbols in Peirce’s semiotics

48. Difference between denotative and connotative meanings

49. Explain the meaning relations of inclusion and exclusion

50. Arbitrariness, linearity

51. Tautonyms, and meronymy

52. Explain the change of meaning by extension and restriction of meaning

53. Difference between metaphor, metonymy, and synecdoche

54. Explain predicator, predicate

55. Explain equative sentence, referring expression

56. What is proposition

57. What is the difference between sentence and utterance

58. Define analytic sentence

59. Define synthetic sentence

60. Define contradiction

61. Define the necessary condition and the sufficient set of conditions

62. Explain the basic principles and problems of the Fixed meaning assumption

63. Explain the basic principles of the Fuzzy meaning assumption

64. What is meant by the Family resemblance syndrome

65. Explain the basic principles of the Prototype Theory

66. Explain the features of three basic units of grammar in cognitive linguistics

67. Explain the terms conceptualization and imagery used in cognitive linguistics

68. Explain what is meant by the assumption that cognitive grammar takes a subjectivist view of meaning.

69. Explain the notion of schemas in cognitive linguistics

70. Explain the relation between UNITS, SCHEMAS, and CATEGORIZING relationships in cognitive linguistics

71. What is meant by instantiation in cognitive linguistics. Give an example

72. Explain the notion of USAGE EVENT cognitive linguistics.

73. Give the noun schema and the verb schema and their instantiations

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