5 Components of Information Systems



Syllabus Focus: Unit 1 Module 2 Content 9Specific Objective 9: compare the various features associated with the components of Information Technology Systems ;Content: features including speed, efficiency, portability, maintainability, storage, transmission.5 Components of Information SystemsWRITTEN BY:??Erik Gregersen?The?computer?age introduced a new element to businesses, universities, and a multitude of other organizations: a set of components called the?information system, which deals with collecting and organizing data and information. An information system is described as having five puter hardwareThis is the physical technology that works with information. Hardware can be as small as a?smartphone?that fits in a pocket or as large as a?supercomputer?that fills a building. Hardware also includes the?peripheral devices?that work with computers, such as keyboards, external disk drives, and routers. With the rise of the Internet of things, in which anything from home appliances to cars to clothes will be able to receive and transmit data, sensors that interact with computers are permeating the human puter softwareThe hardware needs to know what to do, and that is the role of?software. Software can be divided into two types: system software and application software. The primary piece of system software is the?operating system, such as?Windows?or iOS, which manages the hardware’s operation. Application software is designed for specific tasks, such as handling a spreadsheet, creating a document, or designing a?Web?page.TelecommunicationsThis component connects the hardware together to form a network. Connections can be through wires, such as Ethernet cables or?fibre optics, or wireless, such as through?Wi-Fi. A network can be designed to tie together computers in a specific area, such as an office or a school, through a local area network (LAN). If computers are more dispersed, the network is called a wide area network (WAN). The?Internet?itself can be considered a network of networks.Databases and data warehousesThis component is where the “material” that the other components work with resides. A?database?is a place where data is collected and from which it can be retrieved by querying it using one or more specific criteria. A data warehouse contains all of the data in whatever form that an organization needs. Databases and data warehouses have assumed even greater importance in information systems with the emergence of “big data,” a term for the truly massive amounts of data that can be collected and analyzed.Human resources and proceduresThe final, and possibly most important, component of information systems is the human element: the people that are needed to run the system and the procedures they follow so that the knowledge in the huge databases and data warehouses can be turned into learning that can interpret what has happened in the past and guide future action.Retrieved on: , on June 19, 2018Types of Information Systems - Components and Classification of Information SystemsIntroductionAn information system is integrated and co-ordinate network of components, which combine together to convert data into ponents of information systemsAn information system is essentially made up of five components hardware, software, database, network and people. These five components integrate to perform input, process, output, feedback and control.Hardware consists of input/output device, processor, operating system and media devices. Software consists of various programs and procedures. Database consists of data organized in the required structure. Network consists of hubs, communication media and network devices. People consist of device operators, network administrators and system rmation processing consists of input; data process, data storage, output and control. During input stage data instructions are fed to the systems which during process stage are worked upon by software programs and other queries. During output stage, data is presented in structured format and reports.Classification of Information SystemIn any given organization information system can be classified based on the usage of the information. Therefore, an information system in an organization can be divided into operations support system and management support system.Operations support systemIn an organization, data input is done by the end user which is processed to generate information products i.e. reports, which are utilized by internal and or external users. Such a system is called operation support system.The purpose of the operation support system is to facilitate business transaction, control production, support internal as well as external communication and update organization central database. The operation support system is further divided into a transaction-processing system, processing control system and enterprise collaboration system.Transaction Processing System (TPS)In manufacturing organization, there are several types of transaction across department. Typical organizational departments are Sales, Account, Finance, Plant, Engineering, Human Resource and Marketing. Across which following transaction may occur sales order, sales return, cash receipts, credit sales; credit slips, material accounting, inventory management, depreciation accounting, etc.These transactions can be categorized into batch transaction processing, single transaction processing and real time transaction processing.Process Control SystemIn a manufacturing organization, certain decisions are made by a computer system without any manual intervention. In this type of system, critical information is fed to the system on a real-time basis thereby enabling process control. This kind of systems is referred as process control systems.Enterprise Collaboration SystemIn recent times, there is more stress on team effort or collaboration across different functional teams. A system which enables collaborative effort by improving communication and sharing of data is referred to as an enterprise collaboration system.Management Support SystemManagers require precise information in a specific format to undertake an organizational decision. A system which facilitates an efficient decision making process for managers is called management support system.Management support systems are essentially categorized as management information system, decision support system, expert system and accounting information system.Management information system provides information to manager facilitating the routine decision-making process. Decision support system provides information to manager facilitating specific issue related solution.Retrieved from: , on June 19, 2018 ................
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