Common Types of Informational Text Structure
Common Types of Informational Text Structure
Structure
Sequence
Description
Information or arguments are constructed in a chain, so that the writer can lay out steps in a process, series of events, or a hierarchy.
Examples
Recipes Directions in a manual for using an appliance A timeline for product development Steps to follow in a workplace process
Signal Words
first, next, last, another, then, finally, before, preceding, following, additionally.
Comparison /Contrast
Describes similarities or
Sports pre-game stories about two opposing teams
differences between objects,
News articles explaining candidates' positions on
places or events, and the similar or
issues
different qualities are linked back Descriptions of multiple health insurance options
and forth.
Advertisements for work-related tools or products
like, similar to, unlike, in contrast, whereas, while, although, different from, as opposed to, instead of, however, as well as, either/or.
Description
Explains a topic, often in
Information sheets about products for sale, such as for example, in particular, for
considerable detail. Often the text
a car, an appliance, a house, etc.
instance, to illustrate, such as,
is broken into sections, each with a Articles on things to do at a vacation destination most important, another.
main idea and details that
Sections of an employee manual that discuss
elaborate on it.
workplace policies
Cause /Effect Focused on an event or
An editorial discussing the possible consequences
occurrence, the writer names the
of implementing a policy
event/occurrence and then tells the A troubleshooting guide for the office copy
effects it has (on other events, on
machine that outlines possible causes of
people, etc.) or the writer names
malfunctions
the event/occurrence and then tells Warning labels naming possible side effects of
what caused it to happen.
using a product
therefore, as a result, lead(s) to, because of, in order to, for these reasons, thus, if-then, may be due to.
Problem Solution
Presents a problem and several possible solutions. The author may also describe the pros and cons of each solution.
An newspaper editorial outlining a current difficulty, proposing some solutions and advocating for one of them
A workplace memo stating why a certain rule has been put in place
A political speech proposing a remedy for a troubling situation
the problem is, the difficulty is, it is possible to, if-then, one challenge is, therefore.
?2012, University of Tennessee Center for Literacy Studies
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