SOME PRINCIPAL LANGUAGE TESTING TECHNIQUES



S I L A B U S

Fakultas : Bahasa dan Seni

Prodi : Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris

Mata Kuliah & Kode : Language Testing & PEN 205

Jumlah sks : 2

Semester : 5

Mata Kuliah Prasyarat & Kode : -

Dosen : A.Ghani Johan, M.Ed

I. DESKRIPSI MATA KULIAH

| |

|Mata kuliah ini berbobot 2 sks dengan tatap muka 1 kali seminggu dalam waktu 100 menit setiap pertemuan. Mata kuliah ini terdiri |

|dari teori dan praktek dalam bentuk penyampaian materi tentang konsep-konsep dan prinsip-prinsip dasar dalam penyusunan tes bahasa,|

|penyekoran, dan pengolahan terhadap hasil tes. Mahasiswa ditugaskan untuk menilais suatu tes (butir-butir soal), menganalisis suatu|

|tes disertai dengan perhitungan statistik yang diperlukan, dan mengolah skor tes. Penilaian terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa |

|didasarkan pada tugas individual/kelompok, ujian tengah semester, ujian semester, dan presensi perkuliahan. |

II. STANDAR KOMPETENSI MATA KULIAH

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|Memahami dan menerapkan konsep-konsep dan prinsip dalam penyusunan tes, penyekoran tes, dan pengolahan hasil tes; serta membangun |

|sikap kritis dan apresiatif terhadap tes bahasa. |

III. STRATEGI PERKULIAHAN

| |

|Perkuliahan tatap muka |

|Diskusi/tanya-jawab |

|Tugas individual/kelompok |

IV. REFERENSI/SUMBER BAHAN

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|Wajib: Language Assessment. Principles and Classroom Practice. H. Douglas Brown. Pearson Longman, New York, 2004. |

| |

|B. Anjuran : Buku-buku atau artikel tentang Language Testing |

V. SKENARIO PERKULIAHAN

|Tatap |Kompetensi Dasar |Materi Pokok |Strategi Per- | |

|Muka | | |Kuliahan |Referensi |

| | | | | |

|1 |Mengidentifikasi fungsi, manfaat, dan tujuan language testing |1. a. The Significance of |Kuliah, diskusi | |

| | |Language Testing | | |

| | |b. The Purpose of Language | | |

| | |Testing | | |

|2 |Mengidentifikasi teknik-teknik utama dalam pengetesan bahasa dan| | | |

| |keterampilan bahasa dengan komponen-komponennya |2. a. Some Principal Language |Kuliah, diskusi | |

| | |Testing Techniques | | |

| | | | | |

|3 | |b. Language Skills and Their | | |

| |Mengidentifikasi prosedur pembuatan cloze tests dan mencoba |Components |Kuliah, diskusi | |

| |pengerjaannya | | | |

|4 | |3. Cloze tests | | |

| | | |Kuliah, | |

|5- 6 |Mengidentifikasi syarat-syarat untuk suatu butir soal | |Diskusi | |

| |pilihan-ganda yang baik. |4. Some Requirements for a | | |

| | |Multiple Choice Item | | |

| | | |Kuliah, diskusi | |

| |Mengidentifikasi ciri-ciri/syarat-syarat tes yang baik dan | | | |

|7 |Bloom’s Taxonomy dalam pengetesan bahasa |5. a. Characteristics of A Good | | |

| | |Test | | |

| | |b. Content, Construct, and | | |

| | |Face Validity |Kuliah, diskusi, | |

| |Mengidentifikasi apa yang dites dalam testing grammatical |c. Bloom’s Taxonomy |tugas | |

| |structures, tipe-tipe soal, dan penerapan Bloom’s Cognitive | | | |

| |Taxonomy |6. Testing Grammatical | | |

|8 | |Structures | | |

| | |a. What to test | | |

| | |b. Item Types | | |

| | |c. Cognitive Levels in | | |

|9 | |Testing Grammatical |Kuliah, diskusi, | |

| |Mengidentifikasi apa yang dites dalam testing reading |Structures |tugas | |

|10 |comprehension, tema dan bentuk reading texts, tipe-tipe soal, | | | |

| |dan penerapan Bloom’s Cognitive Taxonomy |7. Testing Reading Comp | | |

| | |a. What to test | | |

| | |b. Item Types | | |

|11 | |c. Cognitive Levels in | | |

| | |Testing Reading Comp | | |

| |-------------------------- | | | |

| | | | | |

|12 | |---- Ujian Tengah Semester --- | | |

| |Mengidentifikasi apa yang dites dalam testing Vocabulary, | |Kuliah, diskusi, | |

| |tipe-tipe soal, dan penerapan Bloom’s Cognitive Taxonomy |8. Testing Vocabulary |tugas | |

| | |a. What to test | | |

|13 | |b. Item Types | | |

| |Mengidentifikasi apa yang dites dan dinilai dalam testing |c. Cognitive Levels in | | |

| |Speaking serta bentuk kegiatan tes |Testing Vocabulary |Kuliah, diskusi | |

| | |9. Testing Speaking | | |

| | |a. What to test | | |

| | |b. Activities | | |

|14 |Mengidentifikasi apa yang dites dan dinilai dalam testing | |Kuliah, diskusi | |

| |Listening. |10. Testing Listening | | |

| | |a. What to test | | |

| |Mengidentifikasi apa yang dites dan dinilai dalam testing |b. Item Types/Activities | | |

|15 |Writing. |11. Testing Writing | | |

| | |a. What to test | | |

| | |b. Test types | | |

|16 | | |Kuliah, diskusi, | |

| |Menyekor tes objektif dan tes esei. |12. Scoring objective and |Latihan | |

| | |essays tests | | |

| | | | | |

| |Menerapkan rumus-rumus statistik tertentu untuk menghitung |13. Calculating the item | | |

| |validitas butir-butir suatu tes |validity | | |

| | |a. Mean and SD | | |

| | |b. Objective tests | | |

| | |c. Essay tests | | |

| | | |Kuliah, diskusi, | |

| |Menerapkan rumus-rumus statistik tertentu untuk menghitung |14. Calculating the reliability of |latihan | |

| |reliabilitas suatu tes |a test | | |

| | |Objective tests | | |

| | |Essay tests | | |

| | | |Kuliah, diskusi, | |

| | |15. Item analysis |latihan | |

| |Menganalisis butir soal |a. Item Difficulty/Facility | | |

| | |b. Item Discrimination Index | | |

| | |c. Distracter’s effectiveness |Kuliah, diskusi, | |

| | | |latihan | |

| |Menerapkan kurva normal dalam distribusi nilai |16. Normal Curve | | |

| | |Normal Distribution | | |

| | |Converting raw scores into final marks | | |

| | |Standardized scores | | |

VI. Evaluasi

|No. |Komponen Evaluasi |Bobot (%) |

| 1 |Partisipasi kuliah |10 % |

| 2 |Tugas-tugas |15% |

| 3 |Ujian Tengah Semester |30% |

| 4 |Ujian Semester |45 % |

| |Jumlah |100% |

TYPES OF LANGUAGE TESTS

(based on their functions)

1. Aptitude Tests --------------( Aptitude Tests

2. General Proficiency Test --(Screening Tests

Placement Tests

3. Achievement Tests ---------( Achievement Tests

Diagnostic Tests

Program Evaluation Tests

SOME PRINCIPAL LANGUAGE TESTING TECHNIQUES

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Translation

2. Dictation

3. Writing

4. Scored Interviews/Speaking

5. Short-answer Items

6. Multiple-choice Items

7. Cloze Tests/Procedure fixed-ratio method rational method

8.

A Cloze Test

The Problem of the World’s Food Supply

Although science and technological developments have made progress in the last 100 years, millions of people are hungry and unable to improve their condition without help. The problem seems to be of scarcity, especially in __________ (1) like Ethiopia, Sudan, and ___________(2) of Southern and Southeast Asia.

______ (3) appears that there is not enough food to support the ________ (4) people of the countries.

But if we examine the situation more ___________ (5), we find that it is not the _________ (6). If we calculate the ________ (7) which is thrown away in big cities like Jakarta, Singapore, Tokyo, and New York, in restaurants and in __________ (8) all over the world everyday, we find that the food thrown away _______ (9) enough to feed the _________ (10) people of the world. The richer countries of the world enjoy ___________ (11) standard of living than their _________ (12) neighbours. The rich people consume more than they _________(13). They spend too much money on the food they _____(14) in restaurants, although they eat only ______ (15).

BASIC READING SKILLS

1. Deducing the meanings of unfamiliar lexical items

2. Understanding references

3. Understanding forms and meanings of non-idiomatic

phrases

4. Understanding sentence meanings through syntactical

structures

6. Reading graphics, charts, tables, etc.

7. Recognizing and understanding rhetorical structures

a. At Sentence level: meanings of sentence connectors, discourse

markers, figures of speech, elliptic and inversion

b. At Paragraph level or Inter-sentences : meanings of sentence

connectors, the topic and main idea of paragraphs, relationship

between the main idea and details

c. c. At the whole Passage level: theme and central thought, function of

d. the paragraphs, parts and their functions

8. Critical Reading Skills

a. Understanding the writer’s purpose, view-point, and tone

b. Making inferences, generalization, and conclusion

c. Evaluating the writer’s references

d. Evaluating the writer’s language and writing procedures.

Test Matrix

| Cognitive | | | | | | | |

|Level |Knowledge |Comprehension |Application |Analysis |Synthesis |Evaluation |TOTAL |

|Materials | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

|1. | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

|2. | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

|3. | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

|4. | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

|5. | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

|6. | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

|………. | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| |..% |..% |..% |..% |..% |..% |100% |

Some Requirements for a Multiple-Choice Item

1. There should be only one correct answer.

2. The options should be of relatively the same length.

3. It tests a specific feature of the language.

4. It uses simple and grammatically correct language.

Testing Vocabulary

1. We need __________ to make a cake.

a. a few egg

b. two ounce of sugar

c. many margarine

d. some flour

The ship __________ tomorrow morning.

a. is leaving

b. may leave

c. will leave

The rain caused the grass ___________ fast.

a. growing

b. to grow

c. grow

d. grew

(testing one feature of the language)

Last-week’s rain _________ the grass ________ fast.

a. causes – to grow

b. made – to grow

c. caused – grow

d. makes – grow

(testing two features of the language)

The ship hit the iceberg because ____________ .

a. the weather was bad

b. too many people on board

c. the crew were not well-trained

d. the weather was bad and there were too many people on board.

( not a very good item of testing reading comprehension)

| |

|To know a word is to know its |

|1) spelling |

|2) pronunciation |

|3) meaning(s) |

|4) usage/WORD TYPE |

boat thorough

a. board a. although

b. go b. both

c. book c. then

d. gaol d. within

Characteristics of A Good Test

1. Valid (= sahih)

2. Reliable (= handal)

3. Practical (= praktis)

Validity

Logical Validity

1) Content Validity

2) Construct Validity

3) Face Validity

Empirical Validity

1) Item Validity

2) Concurrent Validity

3) Predictive Validity

DATA (Skor suatu tes m-c dikotomus)

|Item | | |Total |

|Number Testees |1 |. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .|Score |

| | |.50 | |

|1. Ika |1 | |47 |

|2 |1 | |43 |

|3 |1 | |41 |

|4 |1 | |38 |

|5 |0 | |37 |

|6 |1 | |34 |

|7 |1 | |30 |

|8 |0 | |29 |

|9 |1 | |28 |

|10 |1 | |27 |

|11 |0 | |26 |

|12 |1 | |25 |

|13 |1 | |24 |

|14 |1 | |23 |

|15 |0 | |20 |

|16 |1 | |20 |

|17 |1 | |19 |

|18 |0 | |17 |

|19 |0 | |17 |

|20 |0 | |16 |

| p |……… | | X … |

|q | | |SD … |

|pq | | | |

1. Hitunglah Item Facility dari butir soal no.1.

2. Hitunglah Item Descrimination index butir soal no 1.

3. Hitunglah Item Validity butir soal no. 1.

4. Dengan menggunakan formula K-R 21, hitunglah Reliabilitas dari tes di atas.

DATA (Skor dari suatu tes esei)

|Item No. | | |Total Score |

|Testees |1 |2 . . . . . . . . 10 | |

|1. Anita | 5 | | 45 |

|2. | 4 | | 40 |

|3. | 5 | | 37 |

|4. | 3 | | 34 |

|5. | 4 | | 31 |

|6. | 3 | | 29 |

|7. | 2 | | 27 |

|8. | 2 | | 26 |

|9. | 1 | | 24 |

|10. | 1 | | 23 |

|11. | 1 | | 18 |

Hitunglah validitas butir (item validity) soal no. 1.

NOUNS

VERBS

ADJECTIVES

ADVERBS

Prepositions

Articles

Conjunctions

Indefinite Numerals

We visited the house where we used to live.

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