Supervised and Unsupervised Learning - Caltech Astronomy
[Pages:69]SupervisedandUnsupervised Learning
CiroDonalek Ay/Bi199?April2011
Summary
? KDDandDataMiningTasks ? Findingtheop?malapproach ? SupervisedModels
? NeuralNetworks ? Mul?LayerPerceptron ? DecisionTrees
? UnsupervisedModels
? DifferentTypesofClustering ? DistancesandNormaliza?on ? Kmeans ? SelfOrganizingMaps
? Combiningdifferentmodels
? CommiOeeMachines ? IntroducingaPrioriKnowledge ? SleepingExpertFramework
KnowledgeDiscoveryinDatabases
? KDDmaybedefinedas:"Thenontrivialprocessof iden2fyingvalid,novel,poten2allyuseful,and ul2matelyunderstandablepa9ernsindata".
? KDDisaninterac?veanditera?veprocessinvolving severalsteps.
Yougotyourdata:what'snext?
Whatkindofanalysisdoyouneed?Whichmodelismoreappropriateforit?...
Cleanyourdata!
? Datapreprocessingtransformstherawdata intoaformatthatwillbemoreeasilyand effec?velyprocessedforthepurposeofthe user.
? Sometasks
? sampling:selectsarepresenta?vesubset fromalargepopula?onofdata;
? Noisetreatment ? strategiestohandlemissingdata:some?mes
yourrowswillbeincomplete,notall parametersaremeasuredforallsamples. ? normaliza2on ? featureextrac2on:pullsoutspecifieddata thatissignificantinsomepar?cularcontext.
Usestandard formats!
MissingData
? Missingdataareapartofalmostallresearch,andweallhaveto decidehowtodealwithit.
? CompleteCaseAnalysis:useonlyrowswithallthevalues ? AvailableCaseAnalysis ? Subs?tu?on
? MeanValue:replacethemissingvaluewiththe meanvalueforthatpar?cularaOribute
? RegressionSubs?tu?on:wecanreplacethe missingvaluewithhistoricalvaluefromsimilarcases
? MatchingImputa?on:foreachunitwithamissingy, findaunitwithsimilarvaluesofxintheobserved dataandtakeitsyvalue
? MaximumLikelihood,EM,etc
? SomeDMmodelscandealwithmissingdatabeOerthanothers. ? Whichtechniquetoadoptreallydependsonyourdata
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