Basic Canine NeuroAnatomy and MRI
Basic Canine NeuroAnatomy and MRI Imaging Planes
By Karen Kennedy, RTMR, MappSc
The London Health Sciences Centre
London, Ontario, Canada
Sagittal - slice (blue line) thru the length of the body dividing it into left and right sides.
Transverse (axial or cross-section) – slice (blue line) cuts across the body
Canine Spine
The cervical spine is located in the neck.
The thoracic spine is located in the chest. Ribs attach to the thoracic vertebrae.
The lumbar spine is the lower back area.
The sacral spine is in the tail.
MRI Basics
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) does not use radiation, and there are no known side effects. A very strong magnet is used to align the hydrogen protons in the body. By applying a radio frequency (RF)pulse, the protons can be flipped into a different plane. As they realign back to the original plane, they give off a signal that is read by the MR computer, and reconstructed into an image. Depending on the timing of the RF pulses different types of signals are generated that create different types of images. The most common are T1 and T2.
T1 and T2
T1 images typically provide better imaging of anatomy and bone. CSF is dark on a T1 image.
T2 images typically provide better imaging of fluid and pathologies (although bone is visible). CSF is white on a T2 image.
On Left: On Right:
T2 image T1 image
White CSF Dark CSF
T2 shows CSF better than a T1, therefore it shows a syrinx better. The T2 will also show hydrocephalus and if the 4th ventricle is compressed (the 4th ventricle should be a little triangle in front of the cerebellum and the brainstem).
MRI Normal Anatomy
Glossary of Anatomical Directions
| Term |Equivalent Term |Meaning |Short Form |
|Dorsal |Posterior |Toward the back | |
|Ventral |Anterior |Toward the front (belly, abdomen, throat)| |
|Cranial |Cephalad |Toward the head | |
|Caudal | |Toward the tail | |
|Rostral | |Toward the nose | |
|Lateral | |Toward the side | |
|Medial | |Toward the midline | |
| | | | |
|Transverse |Axial |Cross section |Tran |
|Sagittal | | |Sag |
| | | | |
|Cervical spine | |Vertebrae in neck |C spine |
|Thoracic spine | |Vertebrae in chest/ mid back |T spine |
|Lumbar spine | |Vertebrae in lower back |L spine |
|Cervical + Thoracic spine | | |CT spine |
|Thoracic + Lumbar spine | | |TL spine |
| | | | |
-----------------------
Sacral
Spine
Thoracic Spine
Lumbar
Spine
Cervical Spine
Sagittal T2
Brain and upper Cervical spine
Dorsal
(back)
Transverse
T2 Spine
(mid 3rd Cervical Vertebrae)
4th
Ventricle
Sagittal T2
Cervical and Thoracic spine
Ventral
(throat)
Sagittal of the spine
Ventral
(throat)
Transverse spine
Dorsal
(back)
cranial
caudal
dorsal
ventral
................
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