MODULE 4 – LEARNING ABOUT OTHER DEVICES



Module 3 – Physical Components Of A Network

Module overview

Single Diagram

Diagram 1. Tabular

Physical Components of a Network

After completing this chapter, students will be able to perform tasks relating to:

- Configuring a Network Interface Card (NIC)

- Topologies

- Media Types

- Devices

Module 3.1– Configuring a Network Interface Card

Section 3.1.1: What is a NIC?

Three Diagrams

Diagram 1, Pictorial

Network Interface Card

Displays top view of a Typical NIC (With PCI connectors)

Diagram 2, Pictorial

Network Interface Card

Displays top view of a Typical NIC (With PCI connectors)

Diagram 3, Pictorial

Network Interface Card

Displays end (Connector) view of a Typical NIC (With RJ-45 and Serial ports visable)

Section 3.1.2: Setting The IP Address

Single Diagram

Diagram 1, Screenshot

Specifying the IP Address in Windows 2000

The Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box

Displays a single open window, 'Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties'

This window shows the IP address, Subnet mask and Default gateway specifications.

(The option to obtain an IP address automatically is also available, along with DNS server addresses)

Section 3.1.3: DHCP Servers

Two Diagrams

Diagram 1, Screenshot

Configuring DHCP Service in Windows 2000

Displays a single open window - 'DHCP'

Showing DHCP tree and Configuration information

Diagram 2, Screenshot

Using DHCP in Windows 2000

Displays a single open window - 'Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties'

Options to automatically obtain IP and DNS server addresses are selected.

Section 3.1.4: Domain Name System

Three Diagrams

Diagram 1, Relational/Descriptive

Domain Name Server Functions

A DNS Server resolves the Post Office name of an e-mail address.

A star network with a central switch is displayed. Two clients, a DNS server and a router are connected. Client A wants to send an e-mail to JJones@ , the DNS server resolves the to the required IP address, and returns the address to the client.

Diagram 2, Screenshot

Configuring the DNS server in Windows 2000

Displays a single open window - 'DHCP'

Shows the DNS tree and Server configuration information

Diagram 3, Screenshot

Specifying DNS in Windows 2000

Displays a single open window - 'Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties'

The manual DNS server entry is selected, allowing the administrator to specify a preferred and a alternative DNS server.

Section 3.1.5: Default Gateway

Single Diagram

Diagram 1, Relational

Setting up a Default Gateway - Windows 2000

Displays four workstations and two servers connected via a central bus to a router. The address of this near-end router is the Default Gateway. (Buses will be examined Further on)

Module 3.2 – Topologies

Section 3.2.1: The Network Topology

Single Diagram

Diagram 1, Relational

A Network Topology Diagram

This Diagram displays several different types of network topologies, including the star, bus, and ring. Complex Diagram

Section 3.2.2: Physical Versus Logical Topogogy

Two Diagrams

Diagram 1, Office Floor Plan

Physical Topology Diagram

The floor-plan is divided into the various business departments and offices, the connecting configurations for the Water supply, Lighting, Power, and air conditioning are shown. Each of these are connected using the various physical topologies.

Diagram 2, Relational

Logical Topology Diagram

Workstations and Servers are connected in a star formation through a central hub. Regardless of how the stations are physically located this is how the logical network operates.

Animation - Data is transferred from a workstation to the server and back, in both instances traversing the hub.

Section 3.2.3: Identifying Network Topologies

Nine Diagrams

Diagram 1, Relational

Bus Topology

In bus topology, electrical signals that reach the end of the wire are absorbed by the terminator.

A bus or cable runs from one terminator to another, the workstations and servers connect directly to the bus.

Diagram 2, Tabular

Features of Bus Topology

Advantages of Bus Topology

- The thinnet cabling the bus topology uses is quite inexpensive

- The bus topology uses less cable compared to other physical topologies like star or

extended star.

- The bus topology works well for small networks, those with fewer than 10 computers or

Devices

- The bus topology does not need a central device, such as a hub, switch, or router

Disadvantages of Bus Topology

- Terminators must be used or the electrical signals will be corrupted

- Any break or damage on the bus will collapse the whole network

- Only a single file /command/or instruction can be sent at any particular time to avoid data

collisions from multiple transmission sites.

Diagram 3, Relational

Star Topology

A star topology is typically used in Ethernet (10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, fibre 100BASE-FX etc) and Token Ring networks, where the centre of the network is a hub, repeater, concentrator, or switch.

Displays a star configuration network, a central hub surrounded by workstations and servers.

Diagram 4, Relational

Extended Star Topology

Example of an extended star topology when additional hubs are attached to a star

Displays an extended star network, This consists of multiple start networks each connected to a central star network. (interconnections are via the central hubs)

Diagram 5, Tabular

Advantages and disadvantages of Star topology

Advantages of Star Topology

- The star topology is upgradeable. Adding a new computer is as easy as plugging the cable

that is connected to the new workstation into the hub.

- The star topology is flexible. The layout is easy to modify and new hosts or devices can be

added quickly.

- The Star topology is reliable, if one line of the networking media is broken or shorted, only

the device attached at that point is out of commission and the rest of the LAN remains

functional

- This topology is easy to design and install. The networking media runs out from a central

device like a hub to each workstation or device.

- This topology makes diagnosing problems relatively easy since the problem is localised to

one computer or device.

- This topology allows for more throughput than any other topology.

Disadvantages of Star Topology

- The star topology requires a lot of cable to connect computers since a cable is required

between each device and the central location.

- The star topology is more expensive to build because of the additional cost of cables and

devices like hubs and switches that are needed to run between the central device and each

computer.

Diagram 6, Relational

Single Ring Topology

In single ring topology data moves in one direction

Displays multiple computers in a circle or ring, each computer has two connections, one to the computer clockwise of its position and a second to the computer anti-clockwise of its position. Data flows in one direction only (clockwise or anti-clockwise).

Diagram 7, Relational

Dual Ring Topology

In Dual ring topology, data moves in opposite directions in two rings.

Displays multiple computers in a circle or ring, each computer now has four connections. Two connections to each of the computers clockwise and anti-clockwise from its position. These multiple connections form two rings which can be used to send data in either direction. It is important to note that each of the two rings may only transmit in a single direction.

Diagram 8, Relational

Mesh Topology

With Mesh topology, each node is connected to all other nodes on the network for redundancy.

Displays multiple workstations and servers, each device has a direct connection to every other device.

Diagram 9, Relational

Hybrid Topology

A Star-Bus is one form of hybrid topology.

A hybrid topology is where the previously mentioned topologies are interconnected in some way.

Displays two separate star networks, interconnected by the central hubs via a bus.

Module 3.3 – Media Types

Section 3.3.1: Networking Media

Single Diagram

Diagram 1, Activity

Types of networking Media

Need to match-up the following media and materials

Media

Copper, Glass, Waves

Materials

Twisted pair (STP, UTP), Coaxial, Fibre-Optic, Wireless

Section 3.3.2: Twisted Pair Cable

Six Diagrams

Diagram 3, Pictorial

Twisted Pair Cable

Displays a cut cable, showing the four internal twisted pairs.

Each pair of twisted cables are colour coded, blue/blue-white, brown/brown-white, green/green-white, and orange/orange-white.

Diagram 2, Pictorial

Twisted Pair Cable with a RJ-45 Connector

Displays the previously mentioned cable with a RJ-45 connector. The individual wires are inserted and the connector crimped to secure the connector. There are configurations of the individual wires which determine the type of cable - rollover, crossover or straight through.

Diagram 3, Cable Construction

Shielded Twisted Pair

A shielded twisted pair or STP varies from the Unshielded Twisted Pair UTP in that it has two layers of electromagnetic shielding. Each pair of wires have a shielding sheath, these four shielded pairs are further insulated with and overall shielding layer. This overall shield lies immediately underneath the cable outer jacket.

Diagram 4, Cable Construction

Unshielded Twisted Pair

The UTP (UnshieldedTwisted Pair) consists of an Outer Jacket, surrounding the four colour codes twisted pairs (eight lines total). The RJ-45 is the common Jack for this type of cable.

Characteristics of UTP (Varies with category, i.e. cat 5, cat 5e, cat 6 etc)

- Speed and throughput: 10-100 Mbps

- Cost Per Node: Least Expensive

- Media and connector size: small

- Maximum cable length 100m (short)

Diagram 5, Pictorial

Crimping Tool

Displays a picture of a common crimping tool used to secure twisted pair cabling to a RJ-45 connector.

Diagram 6, Tabular

Available Categories of UTP Cable

Category 1 Characteristics

- Voice Only, Used in old telephone installations

Category 2 Characteristics

- 4 Mbps, Not recommended for data transmission

Category 3 Characteristics

- 16 Mbps, Lowest recognised data grade; used for most telephone wiring

Category 4 Characteristics

- 20 Mbps, suitable for networking 10Mbps Ethernet networks

Category 5 Characteristics

- 100 Mbps - 1 Gbps, Most popular grade for LAN networking; used for Fast Ethernet (100

Mbps)

Category 5e Characteristics (Note: 'e' stands for 'Enhanced')

- 155 Mbps, Used for Fast Ethernet and 155 Mbps Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

Category 6 and 7 Characteristics

- 1 Gbps and up, Used for new Gigabit Ethernet Technologies

Text : You do not often see Cat 6, Cat 7, and enhanced Cat 5 mentioned in networking texts because these new cable types have specifications that have only been recently established.

Section 3.3.3: Fibre Optic Cable

Three Diagrams.

Diagram 1, Descriptive

Fibre-Optic Cable

Displays components of fibre-optic cable construction.

An 'Outer Jacket' surrounds 'Kevlar Reinforcing Material', These intern surround 'Plastic Shields' which house the actual 'Glass Fibre and Cladding'.

The common connecter type used with optic fibre is termed a 'Multimode Connector'.

Diagram 2, Pictorial

Fibre-Optic Cable

Displays the terminals of fibre-optic cable, similar to a coax connector with the twist on/off connection however there is an fibre-optic extrusion through the centre of each.

Diagram 3, Tabular

Features of Fibre Optic

Advantages of Fibre Optic

- Not susceptible to electromagnetic or radio frequency interference.

- Longer Distances can be spanned. No need to ground cable when used between buildings.

- Capable of higher data rates than copper media.

Disadvantages

- Expensive labour and material costs

Section 3.3.4: Wireless

Single Diagram

Diagram 1, Relational

Wireless Media

Wireless media uses transceivers (Concatenation of Transmitter and Receiver), to transmit and receive data without cables.

Displays four devices, a Workstation, Server, Labtop, and Radio Tower.

Transceivers (Access Points) are found in the workstation, labtop, and server, they communicate via the radio tower.

Module 3.4 – Devices

Section 3.4.1: Hubs and Repeaters

Four Diagrams.

Diagram 1, Device Icons

Hubs and Repeaters

This course uses the following icons to represent hubs and repeaters in network topology diagrams.

Displays a Hub - a Cube with a single bidirectional arrow (Left/Right) on the upper face, and multiple small squares in a single line on the front face to represent jack ports.

Displays a Repeater - a Cube which only image is on the front face. This image looks similar to an air vent grill or a three tiered letterbox.

Diagram 2, Hubs

Four nodes with file sharing capability are represented in a network topology diagram. Four workstations are connected to a central hub.

Diagram 3, Pictorial

Cisco Hubs

Displays the Port face view of two Cisco Hubs (one 12 port, and one 24 port)

Diagram 4, Relational

Repeaters

Displays two bus networks connected via a repeater (required for long distance signal integrity)

Animation - Displays data being transmitted between workstations on either side of the repeater.

Section 3.4.2: Bridges and Switches

Five Diagrams

Diagram 1, Device Icons

Bridges and Switches

This course uses the following icons to represent Bridges and Switches in network topology diagrams.

Displays a Bridge - a Cube with a semi circle or bite taken from the top or upper face - Looks similar to 'Half Pipe' in skateboard or BMX terminology.

Displays a Switch - a Cube which only has an image is on the upper face. This image consists of four arrows, two pointing left and two right, all arrows point outward (Left and Right).

Diagram 2, Relational

Bridges

Displays two bridged networks connected via a bridge. A bridge divides a network into 'Segments'.

Diagram 3, Pictorial

Cisco Wireless Bridge

Displays a Cisco wireless Bridge with a distinctive antenna at the rear indicating a wireless device.

Diagram 4, Relational

Switches

Displays four Workstations and a Server connected in star formation using a central Switch

Diagram 5, Pictorial

Cisco Switch

Displays the port side view of a Cisco Switch, Multiple ports can be seen in a line along the face.

Section 3.4.3: Routers

Three Diagrams

Diagram 1, Device Icon

Router

Displays the router icon, This course uses the following icon to represent routers in network topology diagrams.

Displays a short vertical cylinder, the upper circular face contains four arrows. These arrows are drawn on the 45 degree lines, the northwest and southeast arrows point to the centre of the circular face, the northeast and southwest arrows point outward from the centre of the circular face.

Diagram 2, Network Topology

Segmentation with routers

Routers also divide the network into segments

Displays a central router connected to two servers and four hubs, each hub is connected to three workstations. Each Hub and Workstation set are separate Segments.

Benefits of using routers for segmentation

- More manageable, greater functionality, Multiple active paths

- Smaller Broadcast domain (Routers also divide Broadcast domains, unlike switches)

- Operates at layers 3 and 4 (of the OSI model)

Diagram 3, Pictorial

Cisco Routers

Displays the front view of three different Cisco routers

Section : Summary

Single Diagram

No Relevant Information

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download