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Note Taking Guide: Classification of Matter
Essential Questions
• What is matter?
• How can we classify matter?
• What is a pure substance verses a mixture?
Matter
• All matter is composed of atoms
• Atoms are extremely small building blocks of matter
• Atoms cannot be broken down into smaller pieces by chemical means
• Atoms are the smallest distinct units in a sample of matter
Pure Substances
• Element
• Pure substance composed of one type of atom
• cannot be decomposed into other substances.
• Represented by one or two letter symbol
• EX: copper wire (Cu), aluminum foil (Al)
• Molecule
• Combination of 2 or more same atom that are covalently bonded.
• A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance which exhibits the physical and chemical characteristics of the substance.
• Diatomic molecules of elements: H2 O2 N2 Cl2 F2 I2 Br2
• Compound
• Composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio
• Properties differ from those of individual elements
• Represented by a chemical formula
• EX: water (H2O) table salt (NaCl)
• Laws for Compounds
• Law of Definite Composition
• A given compound always contains the same, fixed ratio of elements.
• Law of Multiple Proportions
• Elements can combine in different ratios to form different compounds.
Mixtures
• Mixtures are two or more substances that are physically combined.
• Mixtures do not have a fixed composition
• Mixtures do not have constant boiling points or melting points
• Variable composition
• Components retain their characteristic properties
• May be separated into pure substances by physical methods
• Mixtures of different compositions may have widely different properties.
• Mixtures can be described by how uniform they are throughout.
• Heterogeneous mixture
• Two or more phases (with same or different physical states)
• Each phase has different properties
• Not uniform throughout
• Examples: oil and water, sand and water, milk, fresh squeezed lemonade
• Homogenous mixture
• One phase – must always be the same
• Uniform throughout
• Same composition in a sample
• Examples: sugar, salt water, rubbing alcohol, alloys like brass or stainless steel
Make a Matter flowchart
Matter
Check for Understanding
Classify the following as an element, compound, or mixture (heterogeneous or homogenous)
|1. Penny | |9. Salad dressing | |
|2. Air | |10. Table salt | |
|3. Aluminum foil | |11. Sea water | |
|4. Windex | |12. Water | |
|5. Steel | |13. Graphite | |
|6. Oxygen | |14. Pepper | |
|7.Sugar | |15. Paint | |
|8.Chlorine gas | | | |
Try some practice problems on your own
Classify the following as an element, compound, or mixture (heterogeneous or homogenous).
|1. hydrogen peroxide | |9. steel | |
|2. carbon dioxide | |10. calcium | |
|3. pizza | |11. lead | |
|4. rust | |12. choc chip cookie | |
|5. apple juice | |13. kool aid | |
|6. carbon | |14. muddy water | |
|7. carbon | |15. air | |
|8. carbon monoxide | |16. brass | |
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