STANFORD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER

Contrast venogram rules out deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Doppler ultrasound studies check for venous reflux, obstructions and restrictions. Venous cuff pressure readings below the knee can be obtained by air or a photoelectrode. They rule out DVT, check for venous reflux and calf muscle pump ability, and assess the severity of the disease. 3, 6 ................
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