Dear - University of Michigan



To: Responders to Informal Survey Concerning “Humanist Reflections on Technology”

From: George Smith, Polytechnic University (Brooklyn, NY)

Date: February 28, 2005

Re: Composite Survey Results

I. Reminder of the Survey Questions

Respondents were invited to make recommendations as to:

(1) One or more works, written within the past 500 years, which provide a powerful humanist reflection on technology. They might be cautionary/critical in spirit, but might also be techno-utopian (and indeed, might even be relatively neutral explorations). They can be either nonfiction or fiction, but if fiction, they should provide a sustained and overt treatment of technology, not just a passing or oblique reference. They should be reasonably accessible to an intelligent layperson, i.e., not require deep familiarity with an academic specialty. The crux is that they offer a powerful, sustained, and instructive reflection on human use of technology.

(2) One or more current works (meaning in the past 10 years) which fit the same description. Again, either nonfiction or fiction. But especially the former, and especially works that show awareness of areas currently advancing very rapidly: nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and cognitive neuroscience. Again, the crux is not technology per se, but humanist reflection on technology.

(3) Films which fit the above description.

Please Note: In tabulating the composite results, I decided to depart somewhat from the above framework. I will be grouping together as “current” works not just those from the past 10 years, but any from 1980 onward. The year 1980 did not jump out as some sort of annum mirabilis.[1] Rather, I found that wherever I tried to draw the “current” boundary, some odd juxtapositions appeared on either side of the line. Subjectively, drawing the line at 1980 seemed to minimize these odd juxtapositions.[2] In any case, I’ve included dates of individual works (most but not all of which have been double-checked), so the precise vintage of any particular work should be evident.

II. Short Lists (works cited at least twice)

A. Works from Last 500 Years (to 1980)

|Work |Date |Votes |

|Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World |1932 |15 |

|Heidegger, Martin. The Question Concerning Technology |1977 |10 |

|Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein |1818 |9 |

|Mumford, Lewis. Technics and Civilization |1934 |6 |

|Ellul, Jacques. The Technological Society |1954 |5 |

|Marx, Leo. The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America |1964 |5 |

|McLuhan, Marshall. The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man |1962 |4 |

|Miller, Walter. A Canticle for Leibowitz |1959 |4 |

|Thoreau, Henry David. Walden |1854 |4 |

|Benjamin, Walter. The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction |1935 |3 |

|Capek, Karel. RUR (Rossum's Universal Robots) |1921 |3 |

|Carson, Rachel. Silent Spring |1962 |3 |

|Marcuse, Herbert. One Dimensional Man: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society |1964 |3 |

|McLuhan, Marshall. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man |1964 |3 |

|Mumford, Lewis. [no specific work] | |3 |

|Adams, Henry. The Education of Henry Adams |1918 |2 |

|Bronowski, Jacob. Science and Human Values |1965 |2 |

|Bush, Vannevar. As We May Think |1945 |2 |

|DeFoe, Daniel. Robinson Crusoe |1719 |2 |

|Dickens, Charles. Hard Times |1854 |2 |

|Dreyfus, Hubert. What Computers Can't Do: The Limits of Artificial Intelligence |1972 |2 |

|Giedion, Siegfried. Mechanization Takes Command |1948 |2 |

|Heidegger, Martin. Being and Time |1927 |2 |

|Jonas, Hans. The Imperative of Responsibility: In Search of Ethics for the Technological Age |1979 |2 |

|La Mettrie, Julien Offray. L'Homme Machine (Man a Machine) |1748 |2 |

|Orwell, George. 1984 |1949 |2 |

|Pirsig, Robert. Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry into Values |1974 |2 |

|Pynchon, Thomas. Gravity's Rainbow |1973 |2 |

|Skinner, B.F. Walden Two |1948 |2 |

|Snow, C.P. The Two Cultures |1959 |2 |

|Swift, Jonathan. Gulliver's Travels |1726 |2 |

|Weiner, Norbert. The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society |1954 |2 |

|Weizenbaum, Joseph. Computer Power and Human Reason |1976 |2 |

|Winner, Langdon. Autonomous Technology: Technics-Out-of-Control as a Theme in Political Thought |1977 |2 |

In addition, the following five authors were cited at least twice, but for varying works:

Bacon, Francis Illich, Ivan Wells, H.G.

Descartes, Rene Marx, Karl

B. Works from 1980 to Present

|Work |Date |Votes |

|Diamond, Jared. Guns, Germs, and Steel |1997 |4 |

|Hayles, N. Katherine. How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics |1999 |4 |

|Kidder, Tracy. The Soul of a New Machine |1981 |4 |

|Postman, Neil. Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology |1992 |4 |

|Birkerts, The Guttenberg Elegies |1994 |3 |

|McKibbin, Bill. The End of Nature |1989 |3 |

|Mitcham, Carl. Thinking Through Technology:The Path Between Engineering and Philosophy |1994 |3 |

|Powers, Richard. Galatea 2.2 |1995 |3 |

|Winner, Langdon. The Whale and the Reactor: A Search for Limits in an Age of High Technology |1986 |3 |

|Achterhuis, Hans, Ed. (tr. Robert Crease). American Philosophy of Technology: The Empirical Turn |2001 |2 |

|Bolter, J. and Grusin, R. Remediation: Understanding New Media |1999 |2 |

|DeLillo, Don. White Noise |1985 |2 |

|Drexler, Eric. Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology |1986 |2 |

|Fukuyama, F. Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnological Revolution |2002 |2 |

|Gibson, William Pattern Recognition |2002 |2 |

|Haraway, Donna. Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature |1991 |2 |

|Ihde, Don. Bodies in Technology |2001 |2 |

|Kern, Stephen. The Culture of Time and Space, 1880-1918 |1983 |2 |

|Lessig, Lawrence. Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace |1999 |2 |

|Misa, Thomas. Leonardo to the Internet:Technology and Culture from the Renaissance to the Present |2004 |2 |

|Nye, David. American Technological Sublime |1994 |2 |

|Ong, Walter. Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word |1982 |2 |

|Robinson, Kim Stanley. Blue Mars |1996 |2 |

|Robinson, Kim Stanley. Green Mars |1994 |2 |

|Robinson, Kim Stanley. Red Mars |1993 |2 |

|Stephenson, Neal. The Cryptonomicon |1999 |2 |

|Tenner, Edward. Why Things Bite Back: Technology and the Revenge of Unintended Consequences |1996 |2 |

|Turkle, Sherry. Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet |1995 |2 |

|Williams, Rosalind. Retooling |2003 |2 |

|Wood, Gaby. Edison's Eve: A Magical History of the Quest for Mechanical Life |2000 |2 |

In addition, the following 11 authors were cited at least twice, but for varying works:

Baker, Nicholson Hughes, Thomas Searle, John

Dreyfus, Hubert Kramer, Mark Wilson, E.O.

Feenberg, Andrew Petroski, Henry Zimmerman, Michael

Habermas, Jurgen Preston, Richard

C. Films

|Film |Date |Votes |

|Metropolis (Lang, F.) |1927 |8 |

|Blade Runner (Scott, R.) |1982 |7 |

|Matrix, The (Wachowski, A. & Wachowski, L.) |1999 |5 |

|Modern Times (Chaplin, C.) |1936 |5 |

|Gattaca (Niccol, A.) |1997 |4 |

|Terminator (Cameron, J.) |1984 |4 |

|Dr. Strangelove (Kubrick, S.) |1964 |3 |

|2001: A Space Odyssey (Kubrick, S.) |1968 |2 |

|AI (Spielberg, S.) |2001 |2 |

|Alphaville (Godard, J.) |1965 |2 |

|eXistenZ (Cronenberg, D.) |1999 |2 |

|Koyaanisqatsi (Reggio, G.) |1983 |2 |

III. Survey Method/Limitations

The survey was carried out in January-February, 2005. The composite results reflect the individual views of 96 faculty members from approximately 80 different United States universities. Total number of recommendations received: 546. Total number of separate works recommended: 385.

How is the survey limited/arbitrary? Let me count the ways:

(1) I began by limiting myself to the approximately 250 US universities within two categories of the Carnegie Classification[3] system: Doctoral/Research Universities—Extensive, and Doctoral/Research Universities—Intensive. Although these categories capture most of the well-known US universities, there are thousands of additional fine institutions—both in the US and worldwide—that might have been targeted.

(2) Within a given university, I generally limited myself to a Philosophy department faculty member, and an English department faculty member (typically, the department heads). The idea was to reach for a relatively “analytic” humanities perspective, as well as a relatively “imaginative” humanities perspective. But think of how many other humanities perspectives—e.g., that of historians—might have been usefully tapped.

(3) In the case of some universities, I would add one or more additional faculty names to the contact list, if they seemed to have relevant academic interests/expertise. Whether or not this occurred depended largely on “technological fate,” i.e., whether or not online information on faculty interests happened to be easily accessible and searchable.

(4) After taking into account invalid addresses, faculty on sabbatical, etc., I ended up with approximately 530 potential respondents. Of these, 96 responded to the survey.

These limitations make clear that any notion of “completeness” is out of the question, and any notion of “consensus” would have to be hedged with multiple asterisks. Does Surowiecki’s case for collective intelligence[4] apply at all to complex judgments of this sort? Even if it does, do I have enough individual judgments, and are they ones with the requisite diversity and independence?

Nevertheless, I think the survey captures a sizable amount of informed judgment—i.e., the collective views of a group of people who (i) have read much more (and more carefully) than average, and (ii) are arguably more likely to base judgments on substance than on reputation. My own conclusion: Were I to somehow end up Crusoe-like on a desolate island, with all of these works and a supply of food, I’m afraid that when they came to rescue me ten years later I’d still be immersed in the works, and for better or worse would not have advanced the cause of technological civilization one iota.

IV. Complete Lists

|(1) Works from Last 500 Years (to 1980) |Date |Votes |

| | | |

|Abbey, Edward. The Monkey Wrench Gang |1975 |1 |

|Adams, Henry. The Education of Henry Adams |1918 |2 |

|Anderson, Sherwood. Poor White |1920 |1 |

|Arendt, Hannah. The Human Condition |1958 |1 |

|Arnold, Matthew. Literature and Science |1882 |1 |

|Asimov, Isaac. I, Robot |1950 |1 |

|Bacon, Francis [no specific work] | |1 |

|Bacon, Francis. The New Atlantis |1627 |1 |

|Baudelaire, Charles. Fleurs du Mal |1868 |1 |

|Benford, Gregory Benford. In the Ocean of Night |1972 |1 |

|Benjamin, Walter. The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction |1935 |3 |

|Braverman, Harry. Labor and Monopoly Capital |1974 |1 |

|Bronowski, Jacob. Science and Human Values |1965 |2 |

|Burgess, Anthony. A Clockwork Orange |1962 |1 |

|Burke, James. Connections |1978 |1 |

|Bush, Vannevar. As We May Think |1945 |2 |

|Bush, Vannevar. Science:The Endless Frontier |1945 |1 |

|Butler, Samuel. Erewhon |1872 |1 |

|Callenbach, Ernest. Ecotopia |1975 |1 |

|Capek, Karel. RUR (Rossum's Universal Robots) |1921 |3 |

|Carson, Rachel. Silent Spring |1962 |3 |

|Cavendish, Margaret. The Description of a New World, Called the Blazing World |1666 |1 |

|DeFoe, Daniel. Robinson Crusoe |1719 |2 |

|Descartes, Rene. Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting One's Reason and Of Seeking Truth in the Sciences|1637 |1 |

|Descartes, Rene. Meditations on First Philosophy |1641 |1 |

|Dewey, John. Human Nature and Conduct |1922 |1 |

|Dick, Philip. Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? |1968 |1 |

|Dickens, Charles. Dombey and Son |1847 |1 |

|Dickens, Charles. Hard Times |1854 |2 |

|Dreyfus, Hubert. What Computers Can't Do: The Limits of Artificial Intelligence |1972 |2 |

|Ellul, Jacques. The Technological Society |1954 |5 |

|Flaubert, Gustave. Madame Bovary |1857 |1 |

|Forster, E.M. The Machine Stops |1909 |1 |

|Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison |1975 |1 |

|Galileo Galilei. Starry Messenger |1610 |1 |

|Giedion, Siegfried. Mechanization Takes Command |1948 |2 |

|Gillispie, Charles. The Edge of Objectivity |1960 |1 |

|Heidegger, Martin [no specific work] | |1 |

|Heidegger, Martin. Being and Time |1927 |2 |

|Heidegger, Martin. Poetry, Language, Thought. |1976 |1 |

|Heidegger, Martin. The Question Concerning Technology |1977 |10 |

|Hobbes, Thomas. The Leviathan |1651 |1 |

|Hofstadter, Douglas. Godel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid |1979 |1 |

|Horkheimer, M. & Adorno, T. Dialectic of Enlightenment (tr. J. Cumming) |1973 |1 |

|Huxley, Aldous [no specific work] | |1 |

|Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World |1932 |15 |

|Huxley, Thomas. Science and Culture |1880 |1 |

|Illich, Ivan. Celebration of Awareness: A Call for Institutional Revolution |1970 |1 |

|Illich, Ivan. Tools for Conviviality |1973 |1 |

|Jonas, Hans. The Imperative of Responsibility: In Search of Ethics for the Technological Age |1979 |2 |

|Jonas, Hans. Towards a Philosophy of Technology |1979 |1 |

|Kasson, John. Civilizing the Machine: Technology and Republican Values in America, 1776-1900 |1976 |1 |

|La Mettrie, Julien Offray. L'Homme Machine (Man a Machine) |1748 |2 |

|Lawrence, D. H. Women in Love |1920 |1 |

|Leibniz, Gottfried. The Monadology |1714 |1 |

|Leopold, Aldo [no specific work] | |1 |

|Mander, Jerry. Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television |1977 |1 |

|Marcuse, Herbert. One Dimensional Man: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society |1964 |3 |

|Marvell, Andrew. The Rehearsal Transpros'd |1672 |1 |

|Marx, Karl. Das Kapital (Vol. I) |1867 |1 |

|Marx, Karl. Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts |1844 |1 |

|Marx, Karl. Wage Labor and Capital |1849 |1 |

|Marx, Leo. The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America |1964 |5 |

|McLuhan, Marshall. The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man |1962 |4 |

|McLuhan, Marshall. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man |1964 |3 |

|Melville, Herman. Moby Dick |1851 |1 |

|Miller, Walter. A Canticle for Leibowitz |1959 |4 |

|Milton, John. Paradise Lost |1667 |1 |

|Montaigne, Michel. Essays |1575 |1 |

|More, Thomas. Utopia |1516 |1 |

|Mumford, Lewis. The Myth of the Machine: Vol. 1--Technics and Human Development |1967 |1 |

|Mumford, Lewis. The Myth of the Machine: Vol. 2--The Pentagon of Power |1970 |1 |

|Mumford, Lewis. [no specific work] | |3 |

|Mumford, Lewis. Art and Technics |1952 |1 |

|Mumford, Lewis. Technics and Civilization |1934 |6 |

|Newton, Isaac. Opticks |1704 |1 |

|O'Neill, Eugene. Dynamo |1928 |1 |

|Ong, Walter. Rhetoric, Romance, and Technology |1971 |1 |

|Ophuls, William. Ecology and the Politics of Scarcity |1977 |1 |

|Orwell, George [no specific work] | |1 |

|Orwell, George. 1984 |1949 |2 |

|Pacey, Arnold. The Maze of Ingenuity: Ideas and Idealism in the Development of Technology |1976 |1 |

|Perrin, Noel. Giving Up the Gun: Japan's Reversion to the Sword 1543-1879 |1979 |1 |

|Pirsig, Robert. Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry into Values |1974 |2 |

|Pynchon, Thomas. Gravity's Rainbow |1973 |2 |

|Rice, Elmer. The Adding Machine |1923 |1 |

|Rousseau, Jean-Jacque. Discourse on the Sciences and the Arts |1750 |1 |

|Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein |1818 |9 |

|Shepherd, Paul. The Tender Carnivore and the Sacred Game |1973 |1 |

|Sinclair, Upton. The Jungle. |1906 |1 |

|Skinner, B.F. Walden Two |1948 |2 |

|Smith, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations |1776 |1 |

|Snow, C.P. The Two Cultures |1959 |2 |

|Stoker, Bram. Dracula |1897 |1 |

|Swift, Jonathan. Gulliver's Travels |1726 |2 |

|Thoreau, Henry David. Walden |1854 |4 |

|Treadwell, Sophie. Machinal |1928 |1 |

|Twain, Mark. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court |1889 |1 |

|Veblen, Thorsten. The Instinct of Workmanship and the State of the Industrial Arts |1914 |1 |

|Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Jean-Marie. The New Eve |1886 |1 |

|Weiner, Norbert. Cybernetics |1948 |1 |

|Weiner, Norbert. God and Golem, Inc. |1964 |1 |

|Weiner, Norbert. The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society |1954 |2 |

|Weizenbaum, Joseph. Computer Power and Human Reason |1976 |2 |

|Wells, H.G. The Island of Doctor Moreau |1896 |1 |

|Wells, H.G. The Shape of Things to Come |1936 |1 |

|Wells, H.G. The Time Machine |1895 |1 |

|Wells, H.G. The War of the Worlds |1898 |1 |

|White, Lynn [no specific work] | |1 |

|Williams, Raymond. The Country and the City |1973 |1 |

|Williamson, Jack. The Humanoids |1948 |1 |

|Winn, Marie. The Plug-In Drug: Television, Children, and the Family |1977 |1 |

|Winner, Langdon. Autonomous Technology: Technics-Out-of-Control as a Theme in Political Thought |1977 |2 |

|Wolfe, Tom. The Right Stuff |1979 |1 |

|Wordsworth, William. Preface to Lyrical Ballads |1798 |1 |

|Zamyatin, Evgeny. We |1924 |1 |

|Zola, Emile. Germinal |1885 |1 |

| | | |

|(2) Works from 1980 to the Present | | |

| | | |

|Achterhuis, Hans, Ed. (tr. Robert Crease). American Philosophy of Technology: The Empirical Turn |2001 |2 |

|Ambrose, Stephen. Nothing Like It In The World: The Men Who Built the Transcontinental Railroad 1863-1869 |2000 |1 |

|Atwood, Margaret. The Handmaid's Tale |1986 |1 |

|Baird, D., Nordmann, A. & Schummer, J. (eds.). Discovering the Nanoscale |2004 |1 |

|Baker, Nicholson. Double Fold: Libraries and the Assault on Paper |2001 |1 |

|Baker, Nicholson. The Mezzanine |1990 |1 |

|Baker, Nicholson. The Size of Thoughts |1996 |1 |

|Barber, Elizabeth. Women's Work: the First 20,000 Years |1994 |1 |

|Barber, J. & Grigar, D. New Worlds, New Words: Exploring Pathways In and About Electronic Environments |2001 |1 |

|Barney, Darin. Prometheus Wired: The Hope for Democracy in the Age of Network Technology |2000 |1 |

|Birkerts, The Guttenberg Elegies |1994 |3 |

|Bolter, J. and Grusin, R. Remediation: Understanding New Media |1999 |2 |

|Borgmann, Albert. Technology and the Character of Contemporary Life |1984 |1 |

|Bottles, Scott. Los Angeles and the Automobile: The Making of the Modern City |1987 |1 |

|Brand, Stewart. How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They're Built |1994 |1 |

|Brands, H.W. The Age of Gold: The California Gold Rush and the New American Dream |2002 |1 |

|Brown, John & Duguid, Paul. The Social Life of Information |2000 |1 |

|Brummett, Barry. Rhetoric of Machine Aesthetics |1999 |1 |

|Caldicott, Helen. The New Nuclear Danger: George W. Bush's Military-Industrial Complex |2002 |1 |

|Chiles, James. Inviting Disaster: Lessons from the Edge of Technology |2002 |1 |

|Chrichton, Michael. Prey |2002 |1 |

|Cockburn, Alexander et al. Five Days That Shook the World: The Battle for Seattle and Beyond |2001 |1 |

|Coleman, Mark. Playback: From the Victrola to Mp3, 100 Years of Music, Machines, and Money |2004 |1 |

|Comstock, Gary. Vexing Nature: On the Ethical Case Against Agricultural Biotechnology |2000 |1 |

|Cronon, William. Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West |1991 |1 |

|Davidson, Aidan. Technology and the Contested Meanings of Sustainability |2001 |1 |

|Davis, Michael. Thinking like an Engineer |1998 |1 |

|Davis, Mike. Ecology of Fear: Los Angeles and the Imagination of Disaster |1999 |1 |

|DeLillo, Don. White Noise |1985 |2 |

|Diamond, Jared [no specific work] | |1 |

|Diamond, Jared. Collapse |2005 |1 |

|Diamond, Jared. Guns, Germs, and Steel |1997 |4 |

|Dillard, Annie [no specific work] | |1 |

|Doyle, Richard. Wetwares: Experiments in Postvital Living |2003 |1 |

|Drexler, Eric. Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology |1986 |2 |

|Dreyfus, Hubert. On the Internet |2001 |1 |

|Dreyfus, Hubert. What Computers Still Can't Do |1992 |1 |

|Drucker, Johanna. The Alphabetic Labyrinth: The Letters in History and Imagination |1995 |1 |

|Durbin, Paul. Social Responsibility in Science, Technology, and Medicine |1992 |1 |

|Eisenstein, Elizabeth. The Printing Revolution in Early Modern Europe |1993 |1 |

|Elliott, Carl. Better Than Well: American Medicine Meets the American Dream |2003 |1 |

|Evan, William, and Manion, Mark. Minding the Machines: Preventing Technological Disasters |2002 |1 |

|Feenberg, A. & Hannay, A. (Eds). Technology and the Politics of Knowledge |1995 |1 |

|Feenberg, Andrew [no specific work] | |1 |

|Ferre, Frederick. Philosophy of Technology |1988 |1 |

|Flusser, Vilem. Towards a Philosophy of Photography |1983 |1 |

|Fogg, B. J. Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to Change What We Think and Do |2002 |1 |

|Fox, Nicols. Against the Machine: The Hidden Luddite Tradition in Literature, Art, and Individual Lives |2002 |1 |

|Frankin, Ursula The Real World of Technology |1999 |1 |

|Franklin, Jon. The Molecules of the Mind |1987 |1 |

|Fukuyama, F. Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnological Revolution |2002 |2 |

|Gibson, William [no specific work] | |1 |

|Gibson, William Count Zero |1986 |1 |

|Gibson, William Idoru |1996 |1 |

|Gibson, William Pattern Recognition |2002 |2 |

|Gibson, William. Neuromancer |1984 |1 |

|Gibson, William. Virtual Light |1993 |1 |

|Glassner, Barry. The Culture of Fear: Why Americans Are Afraid of the Wrong Things |1999 |1 |

|Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science |1987 |1 |

|Goonan, Kathleen. Light Music |2002 |1 |

|Gould, Stephen J. Crossing Over: Where Art and Science Meet |2000 |1 |

|Graham, Gordon. The Internet: A Philosophical Inquiry |1999 |1 |

|Habermas, Jurgen [no specific work] | |1 |

|Habermas, Jurgen. The Future of Human Nature |2003 |1 |

|Haraway, Donna [no specific work] | | |

|Haraway, Donna. Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature |1991 |2 |

|Hardison, O.B. Disappearing Through the Skylight: Culture and Technology in the Twentieth Century |1989 |1 |

|Harrison, Tony. Prometheus |1998 |1 |

|Hawken, P., Lovins, A. & L. Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution |2000 |1 |

|Hayles, N. Katherine. How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics |1999 |4 |

|Hayles, N. Katherine. Writing Machines |2002 |1 |

|Hickman, Larry. Philosophical Tools for Technological Culture: Putting Pragmatism to Work |2001 |1 |

|Higgs, Eric, et al, eds. Technology and the Good Life? |2000 |1 |

|Hughes, Thomas P. Human-Built World: How to Think about Technology and Culture |2004 |1 |

|Hughes, Thomas P. [no specific work] | |1 |

|Ignatieff, Michael. Virtual War: Kosovo and Beyond |2001 |1 |

|Ihde, Don. Bodies in Technology |2001 |2 |

|Jameson, Fredric. The Cultural Turn: Selected Writings on the Postmodern 1983-1998 |1998 |1 |

|Joyce, Michael. Of Two Minds: Hypertext Pedagogy and Poetics |1995 |1 |

|Kaczynski, Theodore. Industrial Society & Its Future (Unabomber's Manifesto) |1995 |1 |

|Kaku, Michio. Visions: How Science Will Revolutionize the 21st Century |1997 |1 |

|Kaplan, David (ed). Readings in the Philosophy of Technology |2004 |1 |

|Kass, Leon. Toward a More Natural Science |1985 |1 |

|Kenner, Hugh. The Mechanic Muse |1987 |1 |

|Kern, Stephen. The Culture of Time and Space, 1880-1918 |1983 |2 |

|Kidder, Tracy. The Soul of a New Machine |1981 |4 |

|Kittler, Friedrich. Discourse Networks 1800/1900 |1990 |1 |

|Kramer, Mark. Invasive Procedures |1983 |1 |

|Kramer, Mark. Three Farms: Making Milk, Meat, and Money from the American Soil |1980 |1 |

|Kress, Nancy. Beggars in Spain |1993 |1 |

|Kurzweil, Ray. The Age of Spiritual Machines:When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence |1999 |1 |

|Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought |1999 |1 |

|Laskin, David. The Children's Blizzard |2004 |1 |

|Lepore, Jill. A Is For American: Letters and Other Characters in the Newly United States |2002 |1 |

|Lessig, Lawrence. Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace |1999 |2 |

|Levy, David. Scrolling Forward: Making Sense of Documents in the Digital Age |2001 |1 |

|Lewis, E.E. Masterworks of Technology: The Story of Creative Engineering, Architecture, and Design |2004 |1 |

|Light, A. and Katz, E. Environmental Pragmatism (Environmental Philosophies) |1995 |1 |

|Lock, Margaret. Twice Dead: Organ Transplants and the Reinvention of Death |2001 |1 |

|Maines, Rachel. Technology of Orgasm: "Hysteria," the Vibrator, and Women's Sexual Satisfaction |1999 |1 |

|Mander, Jerry. In the Absence of the Sacred: The Failure of Technology and the Survival of the Indian Nations |1991 |1 |

|Manovich, Lev. The Language of New Media |2001 |1 |

|Marx, Leo. Information Technology in Historical Perspective [in Schon, Donald et al (eds.). High Technology and |1998 |1 |

|Low-income Communities] | | |

|McCaffery, S. and Rasula, J. (eds). Imagining Language: An Anthology |1998 |1 |

|McGann, Jerome. Radiant Textuality: Literature after the World Wide Web |2001 |1 |

|McKibben, Bill. Enough |2003 |1 |

|McKibbin, Bill. The End of Nature |1989 |3 |

|Merchant, Carolyn. The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution |1980 |1 |

|Michael, Mike. Reconnecting Culture, Technology and Nature: From Society to Heterogeneity |2000 |1 |

|Misa, Thomas. Leonardo to the Internet:Technology and Culture from the Renaissance to the Present |2004 |2 |

|Mitcham, C. & Mackay, R. (eds). Philosophy and Technology: Readings in the Philosophical Problems of Technology |1983 |1 |

|Mitcham, Carl. Thinking Through Technology:The Path Between Engineering and Philosophy |1994 |3 |

|Molella, Arthur. Inventing the History of Invention: Three Big Thinkers Who Placed |1988 |1 |

|Technology at the Heart of History | | |

|Moore, Dinty. The Emperor's Virtual Clothes: The Naked Truth About Internet Culture |1995 |1 |

|Moravec, Hans. Robot: Mere Machine to Transcendent Mind |1999 |1 |

|Murray, Janet H. Hamlet on the Holodeck: The Future of Narrative in Cyberspace |1997 |1 |

|Nelson, Richard. The Island Within |1989 |1 |

|Nelson, Ted. Literary Machines |1982 |1 |

|Nelson, Victoria. The Secret Life of Puppets |2001 |1 |

|Norman, Donald. The Design of Everyday Things |1990 |1 |

|Nye, David. American Technological Sublime |1994 |2 |

|Oberdiek, H. & Tiles, M. Living in a Technological Culture: Human Tools and Human Issues |1995 |1 |

|O'Donnell, James J. Avatars of the Word: From Papyrus to Cyberspace |1998 |1 |

|Ong, Walter. Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word |1982 |2 |

|Palahniuk, Chuck. Fight Club |1996 |1 |

|Pearce, Joseph Chilton [no specific work] | |1 |

|Petroski, Henry. The Book on the Bookshelf |1999 |1 |

|Petroski, Henry. The Evolution of Useful Things |1994 |1 |

|Petroski, Henry. The Pencil: a History of Design and Circumstance |1992 |1 |

|Piercy, Marge. He, She and It |1991 |1 |

|Pitt, Joseph. Thinking About Technology: Foundations of the Philosophy of Technology |2000 |1 |

|Pool, Robert. Beyond Engineering: How Society Shapes Technology |1999 |1 |

|Postman, Neil [no specific work] | |1 |

|Postman, Neil and Steve Powers. How To Watch TV News |1992 |1 |

|Postman, Neil. Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business |1985 |1 |

|Postman, Neil. Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology |1992 |4 |

|Powers, Richard. Galatea 2.2 |1995 |3 |

|Preston, Richard. The Demon in the Freezer |2002 |1 |

|Preston, Richard. The Hot Zone |1994 |1 |

|Rhodes, N. & Sawday J. The Renaissance Computer: Knowledge Technology in the First Age of Print |2000 |1 |

|Rhodes, Richard. The Making of the Atomic Bomb |1986 |1 |

|Rifkin, Jeremy. The Biotech Century: Harnessing the Gene and Remaking the World |1998 |1 |

|Robinson, Kim Stanley. Antarctica |1998 |1 |

|Robinson, Kim Stanley. Blue Mars |1996 |2 |

|Robinson, Kim Stanley. Green Mars |1994 |2 |

|Robinson, Kim Stanley. Red Mars |1993 |2 |

|Roche, Mark. Why Literature Matters |2004 |1 |

|Rochlin, Gene. Trapped in the Net: The Unanticipated Consequences of Computerization |1997 |1 |

|Romanyshyn, Robert. Technology As Symptom and Dream |1989 |1 |

|Rothenberg, David. Hand's End: Technology and the Limits of Nature |1993 |1 |

|Sagan, Carl. Contact |1985 |1 |

|Sarewitz, Daniel. Frontiers of Illusion: Science, Technology, and the Politics of Progress |1996 |1 |

|Sassower, Rafael. Technoscientific Angst |1997 |1 |

|Scarce, R. Raid on Reykjavik |1990 |1 |

|Scharff, R. & Dusek, V. (eds). Technology and the Human Condition: A Philosophy of Technology Reader |2002 |1 |

|Sclove, Richard E. Democracy and Technology |1995 |1 |

|Searle, John [no specific work] | |1 |

|Searle, John. Minds, Brains, and Science |1984 |1 |

|Selber, Stuart. Multiliteracies for a Digital Age |2004 |1 |

|Selfe, Cynthia. Technology and Literacy in the 21st Century: The Importance of Paying Attention |1999 |1 |

|Sellen, A. & Harper, R. The Myth of the Paperless Office |2001 |1 |

|Seltzer, Mark. Bodies and Machines |1992 |1 |

|Shapin, S. and Schaffer, S. Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life |1989 |1 |

|Sherlock, R. & Morrey, J. (eds). Ethical Issues in Biotechnology |2001 |1 |

|Smith, Martha Nell. Computing: What's American Literary Study Got to Do with IT? |2002 |1 |

|Smith, MR and Marx, L. Does Technology Drive History? The Dilemma of Technological Determinism |1994 |1 |

|Spretnak, Charlene. The Resurgence of the Real: Body, Nature, and Place in a Hypermodern World |1997 |1 |

|Stapleton, Darwin. The Short-lived Miracle of DDT |2000 |1 |

|Stephenson, Neal. In the Beginning Was the Command Line |1999 |1 |

|Stephenson, Neal. The Cryptonomicon |1999 |2 |

|Stephenson, Neal. The Diamond Age |1995 |1 |

|Sterling, Bruce. Schismatrix Plus |1996 |1 |

|Stiegler, Bernard. Technics and Time 1: The Fault of Epimetheus |1998 |1 |

|Stock, Gregory. Redesigning Humans: Our Inevitable Genetic Future |2002 |1 |

|Tatum, Jesse. Muted Voices: The Recovery of Democracy in the Shaping of Technology |1999 |1 |

|Teich, Albert (ed). Technology and the Future (8th edition) |2000 |1 |

|Tenner, Edward. Why Things Bite Back: Technology and the Revenge of Unintended Consequences |1996 |2 |

|Thompson, Paul. Spirit of the Soil: Agriculture and Environmental Ethics |1995 |1 |

|Thurschwell, Pamela & Gillian Beer. Literature, Technology and Magical Thinking, 1880-1920 |2001 |1 |

|Tichi, Cecelia. Shifting Gears: Technology, Literature, Culture in Modernist America |1987 |1 |

|Tufte, Edward. The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint |2003 |1 |

|Turkle, Sherry [no specific work] | |1 |

|Turkle, Sherry. Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet |1995 |2 |

|Ullman, Ellen. The Bug |2003 |1 |

|Virilio, Paul. The Information Bomb |2000 |1 |

|Wardrip-Fruin, N. & Montfort, N. (eds). The New Media Reader |2003 |1 |

|Wasser, Frederick. Veni, Vidi, Video |2002 |1 |

|Williams, Linda [no specific work] | |1 |

|Williams, Rosalind. Retooling |2003 |2 |

|Wilson, David and Bowen, Zack. Science and Literature: Bridging the Two Cultures |2001 |1 |

|Wilson, Edward O. [no specific work] | |1 |

|Wilson, Edward O. The Future of Life |2002 |1 |

|Winner, Langdon. Do Artifacts Have Politics? [essay in above] |1986 |1 |

|Winner, Langdon. The Whale and the Reactor: A Search for Limits in an Age of High Technology |1986 |3 |

|Winterson, Jeanette. The PowerBook |2000 |1 |

|Wood, Gaby. Edison's Eve: A Magical History of the Quest for Mechanical Life |2000 |2 |

|Wright, Robert. Three Scientists and Their Gods: Looking for Meaning in an Age of Information |1988 |1 |

|Zimmerman, Michael. Contesting Earth's Future: Radical Ecology and Postmodernity |1994 |1 |

|Zimmerman, Michael. Heidegger's Confrontation with Modernity |1990 |1 |

| | | |

|(3) Films | | |

| | | |

|2001: A Space Odyssey (Kubrick, S.) |1968 |2 |

|A Nous La Liberte (Clair, R.) |1931 |1 |

|AI (Spielberg, S.) |2001 |2 |

|Alphaville (Godard, J.) |1965 |2 |

|Apollo 13 (Howard, R.) |1995 |1 |

|Auto Focus (Schrader, P.) |2002 |1 |

|Ballet Mecanique (Leger, F.) |1924 |1 |

|Blade Runner (Scott, R.) |1982 |7 |

|Brazil (Gilliam, T.) |1985 |1 |

|Cast Away (Zemekis, R.) |2001 |1 |

|China Syndrome, The (Bridges, J.) |1979 |1 |

|Clockwork Orange, A (Kubrick, S.) |1971 |1 |

|Contact (Zemekis, R.) |1997 |1 |

|Crash (Cronenberg, D.) |1996 |1 |

|Dead Ringers (Cronenberg, D.) |1988 |1 |

|Dr. Strangelove (Kubrick, S.) |1964 |3 |

|Emerald Forest (Boorman, J.) |1985 |1 |

|eXistenZ (Cronenberg, D.) |1999 |2 |

|Fight Club (Fincher, D.) |1999 |1 |

|Fitzcarraldo (Herzog, W.) |1982 |1 |

|Forbidden Planet (Wilcox, F.) |1956 |1 |

|Gattaca (Niccol, A.) |1997 |4 |

|I, Robot (Proyas, A.) |2004 |1 |

|Island of Dr. Moreau (Taylor, D.; Frankenheimer, J.) |1977; 1996|1 |

|Ister, The (Barison, D. & Ross, D.) |2004 |1 |

|Jurassic Park (Spielberg, S.) |1993 |1 |

|Koyaanisqatsi (Reggio, G.) |1983 |2 |

|Lorax, The (Pratt, H.) |1972 |1 |

|Lost in Translation (Coppola, S.) |2003 |1 |

|Making Mr. Right (Seidelman, S.) |1987 |1 |

|Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (Branagh, K.) |1994 |1 |

|Matrix, The (Wachowski, A. & Wachowski, L.) |1999 |5 |

|Matrix, The [series] | |1 |

|Metropolis (Lang, F.) |1927 |8 |

|Minority Report (Spielberg, S.) |2002 |1 |

|Modern Times (Chaplin, C.) |1936 |5 |

|Net, The (Winkler, I.) |1995 |1 |

|Never Cry Wolf (Ballard, C.) |1983 |1 |

|October Sky (Johnston, J.) |1999 |1 |

|Peeping Tom (Powell, M.) |1960 |1 |

|Pleasantville (Ross, G.) |1998 |1 |

|Revolution OS (Moore, J.) |2001 |1 |

|Ringu (Nakata, N.) |1998 |1 |

|Ringu 2 (Nakata, N.) |1999 |1 |

|Road to Wellville (Parker, A.) |1994 |1 |

|Soylent Green (Fleischer, R.) |1973 |1 |

|Speaking Parts (Egoyan, A.) |1989 |1 |

|Terminator (Cameron, J.) |1984 |4 |

|Things to Come (Menzies, W.) |1936 |1 |

|Time Machine, The (Pal. G.) |1960 |1 |

|Tokyo Story (Ozu, Y.) |1953 |1 |

|Trujman Show, The (Weir, P.) |1998 |1 |

|Videodrome (Cronenberg, D.) |1983 |1 |

|War Games (Badham, J.) |1983 |1 |

| | | |

|(4) Additional Suggestions | | |

| | | |

|a. Works more than 500 years old | | |

|Aeschylus. Prometheus Bound | |1 |

|Aristotle [no specific work] | |1 |

|Hesiod. The Homeric Hymns and Homerica: Works and Days | |1 |

|Plato. The Apology of Socrates | |1 |

|Plato. The Republic | |2 |

|Xenophon. Oeconomicus | |1 |

| | | |

|b. Online resources | | |

|"Literature and Theory of Technology/Media/Information" reading list at |1 |

| | |

|"The Classroom Electric: Dickinson, Whitman, and American Culture" at |1 |

|Jerome McGann's essay, "The Rationale of Hypertext" at |1 |

|Jarom McDonald's "'Forces Wholly New' A Perspective from Late 19th Century Academia on the Rela-tionship between| |1 |

|Poetry and Science": | | |

| | | |

|c. Journals | | |

|Technology and Culture (history of technology journal) | |1 |

| | | |

|d. Other | | |

|Anderson, Laurie. Videos: Home of the Brave; Collected Videos | |1 |

|Grant, R. & Naylor, N. (writers) Red Dwarf TV series (BBC, 1988-99) | |1 |

|Tansey, Mark (modern realist painter). His artworks | |1 |

|Welles, Orson. 1938 radio broadcast of H.G. Wells' The War of the Worlds | |1 |

| | | |

-----------------------

[1] Cf. Philip Larkin’s “Annus Mirabilis.” Conceivably, “current” began in 1963?

[2] Also, I may have been feeling some pressure to ensure 1984 ended up no older than “current.”

[3] The 2000 edition, which is now being revised.

[4] Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies and Nations (Doubleday, 2004).

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