Evidence of Encoding Specificity for the Effects of ...

[Pages:17]Psychology & Psychological Research International Journal

ISSN: 2576-0319

Appendix A

Participant Number: _____

Please rate the believability of these headlines on a scale from ?3 (extremely unbelievable) to 3 (extremely believable) with 0 being neutral.

1. Vermont to require drug makers to disclose payments to doctors: Amid rising concern about the cost of prescription drugs, Vermont is expected today to become the first state in the nation to require pharmaceutical companies to disclose their gifts and cash payments to doctors, hospitals and other health care providers.

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0

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

2. God re-floods Middle East.

-3

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0

1

2

3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

3. Fabrics smart enough to change colors and keep you dry.

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-1

0

1

2

3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

4. New birth control pill eases PMS: A new birth control pill not only prevents pregnancy, but helps users avoid debilitating PMS as well.

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0

1

2

3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

5.

Bomb detectors for checked bags aren't very reliable, experts say: The Transportation Department's

stopgap method of detecting bombs in checked bags, which it intends to install in 429 airports by Dec. 31, will not reliably

detect explosives in a suitcase, European and U.S. experts say.

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0

1

2

3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

6. You can save your sight with supplements: You can cut your chances of developing macular degeneration, the top cause of blindness in people over 65, just by taking a combination of nutritional supplements, says epidemiologist Dr. Emily Chew of the National Eye Institute.

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0

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3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

7. Japanese rethinking nuclear arms prohibitions.

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0

1

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3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

8. The Russian mafia in pro sports -- and beyond.

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0

1

2

3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

Evidence of Encoding Specificity for the Effects of Synopses on the Recognition of Believable and Unbelievable News Headlines

Psychol Psychology Res Int J

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Psychology & Psychological Research International Journal

9. Prank nets expulsion for student.

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0

1

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3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

10. `American Idol' cutie's shocking secret life as a stripper: Gorgeous Nikki McKibbin, the sensational goldenvoiced finalist on "American Idol," has a shocking secret past as a stripper.

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

11. Awareness of kids' injuries from computer use grows.

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0

1

2

3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

12. Protein-packed breakfast helps beat candy bar cravings.

-3

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0

1

2

3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

13.

Hundreds pack church to mourn two siblings who died in van fire: The mourners wore small white

ribbons, printed with the names of Madison and Parker, pinned to their lapels and blouses.

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0

1

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3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

13. Eating breakfast can help you lose weight.

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0

1

2

3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

14. Jobless claims decline 8.7% from year ago.

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0

1

2

3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

15. `General Hospital' star makes dream of being a real doctor come true (Soap's former child star is an orthopedic surgeon now!): Actor Bradley Greenbaum got a role on television's long-running ABC soap "General Hospital," and was so inspired by working in a fictional medical setting that he quit acting to become a real-life doctor.

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

16. New violence over rights raises fear in Guatemala: Rising threats and deadly violence against rights workers in Guatemala have prompted fears of a new crisis of political violence as the country tries to recover from decades of civil war (page A5).

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0

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

Gibbons JA, et al. Evidence of Encoding Specificity for the Effects of Synopses on the Recognition of Believable and Unbelievable News Headlines. Psychol Psychology Res Int J 2018, 3(7): 000178.

Copyright? Gibbons JA, et al.

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Psychology & Psychological Research International Journal

17. Boys tougher to raise than girls? You bet your life!

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

19. Ozone hole is now seen as a cause for Antarctic cooling: Many scientists blame people, at least in part, for global warming. Now, some researchers say people may be partly to blame for the cooling of Antarctica as well.

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

20. Amazing medical study reveals: Your soul lives on after you die: In an inspiring real-life drama that proves the soul survives after death, a 44-year-old clinically dead man watched from above his hospital bed as doctors struggled feverishly to bring him back to life (page 59).

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0

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

Gibbons JA, et al. Evidence of Encoding Specificity for the Effects of Synopses on the Recognition of Believable and Unbelievable News Headlines. Psychol Psychology Res Int J 2018, 3(7): 000178.

Copyright? Gibbons JA, et al.

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Psychology & Psychological Research International Journal

Appendix B

Participant Number (the same one you placed on the first sheet): _____

Please CIRCLE the following statements if you believe you have seen them on the expository sheet. Please also rate the believability of these items on a scale from ?3 (extremely unbelievable) to 3 (extremely believable) with 0 being neutral.

1. Arrests made in a sweep against theft of identities.

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

2. Bush drops unpopular plans to raise cost of student loans.

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

3. God re-floods Middle East.

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

4. Tattoo mania (Tinseltown's top stars flocking to get skin art).

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3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

5. Vermont to require drug makers to disclose payments to doctors.

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0

1

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3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

6. Fabrics smart enough to change colors and keep you dry.

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3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

7. Center offers alternatives to social service, education cuts.

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

8. Business pushing to aid generic drug industry.

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0

1

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

Gibbons JA, et al. Evidence of Encoding Specificity for the Effects of Synopses on the Recognition of Believable and Unbelievable News Headlines. Psychol Psychology Res Int J 2018, 3(7): 000178.

Copyright? Gibbons JA, et al.

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Psychology & Psychological Research International Journal

9. Body of missing woman found in trash in home.

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

10. Cops convicted of stealing cash, drugs.

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

11. Bush may limit foreign student curriculum (anti-terror policy would ban study of "sensitive" subjects).

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

12. Awareness of kids' injuries from computer use grows.

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

13. A disturbing glimpse into the world of the criminal teenage hijacker.

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

14. Beware! Candlelit dinner can wreck your diet.

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

15. Eating breakfast can help you lose weight.

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

16. Protein packed breakfast helps beat candy bar cravings.

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

17. Officials: U.S. long underestimated Al-Qaida.

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

18. Japanese rethinking nuclear arms prohibitions.

-3

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0

1

2

3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

Gibbons JA, et al. Evidence of Encoding Specificity for the Effects of Synopses on the Recognition of Believable and Unbelievable News Headlines. Psychol Psychology Res Int J 2018, 3(7): 000178.

Copyright? Gibbons JA, et al.

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Psychology & Psychological Research International Journal

19. Vitamin K cream eases dark circles under eyes.

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

20. New birth control eases PMS.

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1

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

21. How to avoid credit card hell ? and choose the right card for you!

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

22. Say cheese please ? & you can have fewer cavities.

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

23. Bomb detectors for checked bags aren't very reliable, experts say.

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3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

24. Hundreds pack church to mourn two siblings who died in van fire.

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

25. Don't waste your money on pricey cosmetics (drugstore brands are cheaper & just as good).

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

26. You can save $ thousands on prescription medications.

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

27. You can save your sight with supplements.

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

28. New treatment brings back skin color to vitiligo sufferers.

-3

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0

1

2

3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

Gibbons JA, et al. Evidence of Encoding Specificity for the Effects of Synopses on the Recognition of Believable and Unbelievable News Headlines. Psychol Psychology Res Int J 2018, 3(7): 000178.

Copyright? Gibbons JA, et al.

7

Psychology & Psychological Research International Journal

29. `American Idol' cutie's shocking secret life as a stripper.

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0

1

2

3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

30. Alcohol can ward off some cases of diabetes.

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1

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3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

31. The Russian mafia in pro sports ? and beyond.

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0

1

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3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

32. Jobless claims decline 8.7% from year ago.

-3

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0

1

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3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

33. Exercise can de-stress care giving relatives.

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0

1

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3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

34. Ozone hole is now seen as a cause for Antarctic cooling.

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0

1

2

3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

35. Boys tougher to raise than girls? You bet your life!

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

36. Low-level nuclear waste being kept under tents.

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Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

37. Amazing medical study reveals: Your soul lives on after you die.

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0

1

2

3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

38. New violence over rights raises fear in Guatemala.

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

Gibbons JA, et al. Evidence of Encoding Specificity for the Effects of Synopses on the Recognition of Believable and Unbelievable News Headlines. Psychol Psychology Res Int J 2018, 3(7): 000178.

Copyright? Gibbons JA, et al.

8

Psychology & Psychological Research International Journal

39. `General Hospital' star makes dream of being a real doctor come true (Soap's former child star is an orthopedic surgeon now!).

-3

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0

1

2

3

Extremely Unbelievable

Extremely Believable

40. Prank nets expulsion for student.

-3

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-1

0

1

2

Extremely Unbelievable

3 Extremely Believable

Gibbons JA, et al. Evidence of Encoding Specificity for the Effects of Synopses on the Recognition of Believable and Unbelievable News Headlines. Psychol Psychology Res Int J 2018, 3(7): 000178.

Copyright? Gibbons JA, et al.

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