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Unit 2 Practice TestAP Psych 1.Which of the following correlations between self-esteem and body weight would enable you to most accurately predict body weight from knowledge of level of self-esteem?A)+0.60B)+0.01C)–0.10D)–0.06E)0.002.An extensive survey revealed that children with relatively high self-esteem tend to picture God as kind and loving, whereas those with lower self-esteem tend to perceive God as angry. The researchers concluded that the children's self-esteem had apparently influenced their views of God. This conclusion best illustrates the danger ofA)perceiving order in random events.B)generalizing from extreme examples.C)randomly sampling children's views.D)exaggerating the extent to which others share our beliefs.E)assuming that correlation proves causation.3.To understand the unusual behavior of an adult client, a clinical psychologist carefully investigates the client's current life situation and his physical, social-cultural, and educational history. Which research method has the psychologist used?A)the surveyB)the case studyC)experimentationD)naturalistic observationE)correlation4.If psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriages than poor people are, this would indicate that wealth and marital satisfaction areA)causally related.B)negatively correlated.C)independent variables.D)dependent variables.E)positively correlated.5.Because she had a serious traffic accident on Friday the 13th of last month, Felicia is convinced that all Friday the 13ths will bring bad luck. Felicia's belief best illustratesA)the illusion of control.B)illusory correlation.C)the hindsight bias.D)overconfidence.E)random sampling.6.The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency toA)dismiss the value of replication.B)reject any ideas that cannot be scientifically tested.C)exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past events.D)assume that correlation proves causation.E)overestimate the extent to which others share their opinions.7.The arithmetic average of a distribution of scores is theA)mode.B)median.C)standard deviation.D)mean.E)range.8.Random sampling is to ________ as random assignment is to ________.A)correlational studies; case studiesB)surveys; experimentsC)illusory correlation; control groupD)replication; correlationE)description; prediction9.The complete set of cases from which samples may be drawn is called a(n)A)control condition.B)population.C)case study.D)independent variable.E)survey.10.The most foolproof way of testing the true effectiveness of a newly introduced method of psychological therapy is by means ofA)survey research.B)case study research.C)naturalistic observation.D)correlational research.E)experimental research.11.Correlational research is most useful for purposes ofA)explanation.B)prediction.C)control.D)replication.E)experimentation.12.The process of replication is most likely to be facilitated byA)the hindsight bias.B)overconfidence.C)illusory correlation.D)operational definitions.E)the placebo effect.13.To determine whether a research finding is statistically significant, researchersA)compare the means of the control group and experimental group.B)survey other researchers to ensure the hypothesis is significant.C)perform detailed case studies to validate findings.D)confirm correlational evidence with empirical findings.E)convert positive correlations to negative ones.14.If scores on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) are normally distributed, with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, what percentage of scores will fall between 85 and 115?A)34B)47C)68D)80E)9515.Professor Delano suggests that because people are especially attracted to those who are good-looking, handsome men will be more successful than average-looking men in getting a job. The professor's prediction regarding employment success is an example ofA)the hindsight bias.B)the placebo effect.C)a hypothesis.D)illusory correlation.E)an operational definition.16.A researcher who deceives participants about the goals of the research needs to fully inform them of the true nature of the study later, according to which ethical principle of human experimentation?A)informed consentB)protection from harmC)confidentialityD)debriefingE)coercion17.Which of the following is most likely to inhibit critical thinking?A)operational definitionsB)overconfidenceC)random assignmentD)naturalistic observationE)the double-blind procedure18.Professor Woo noticed that the distribution of students' scores on her last biology test had an extremely small standard deviation. This indicates that theA)test was given to a very small class of students.B)students' scores tended to be very similar to one another.C)mean test score was lower than the median score.D)students generally performed very well on the test.E)test was a poor measure of the students' knowledge. ................
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