VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN EUROPE …

VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN EUROPE

UNITED KINGDOM

VET IN EUROPE REPORTS I 2016

Please cite this publication as: UK NARIC. (2016). Vocational education and training in Europe ? United Kingdom. Cedefop ReferNet VET in Europe reports; 2016.

Author: Torjus Abusland Contributors: Katherine Latta and Lisa Collett. UK NARIC gratefully acknowledges the input of the UK ReferNet Steering Group members. Interim national validator: Pamela Wilkinson, Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy

Reviewed by Cedefop ? UK NARIC (Cedefop ReferNet United Kingdom), 2016 Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged.

This VET in Europe report is part of a series prepared by Cedefop's ReferNet network. VET in Europe reports provide an overview of national vocational education and training (VET) systems of the EU Member States, Iceland and Norway. The reports help to understand VET's main features and role within countries' overall education and training systems from a lifelong learning perspective, and VET's relevance to and interaction with the labour market.

VET in Europe reports follow a common Cedefop format. They are available at The opinions expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of Cedefop. VET in Europe reports are cofinanced by the European Union and ReferNet national partners.

ReferNet is a network of institutions across Europe representing the 28 Member States, plus Iceland and Norway. The network provides Cedefop with information and analysis on national vocational education and training. ReferNet also disseminates information on European VET and Cedefop's work to stakeholders in the EU Member States, Iceland and Norway.

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United Kingdom VET in Europe ? Country report 2016

Table of contents

CHAPTER 1 External factors influencing VET......................................................... 5

1.1

Structure and development of the population .......................................... 5

1.2

Structure and development of the workforce ........................................... 6

1.3

Economy structure .................................................................................. 8

1.4

Regulation of the labour market .............................................................. 8

1.5

Welfare and employment policies............................................................ 9

1.6

Value of VET in the labour market........................................................... 9

CHAPTER 2 Providing VET in a lifelong learning perspective .............................10

2.1 Diagram of the national education and training system ....................... ..10

2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6 2.2.7 2.2.8 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.3.5

Government-regulated VET provision ................................................... 11 Access to VET and progression opportunities ....................................... 12 VET provision........................................................................................ 14 Apprenticeships .................................................................................... 16 Learning opportunities for vulnerable groups......................................... 19 Governance of VET............................................................................... 20 Financing of VET................................................................................... 22 VET providers ....................................................................................... 23 Teachers and trainers ........................................................................... 24 Other forms of training .......................................................................... 26 Training providers and programmes...................................................... 27 Workplace learning ............................................................................... 27 Funding mechanisms ............................................................................ 28 Recognition of non-formal and informal learning ................................... 28 Quality assurance mechanisms............................................................. 29

CHAPTER 3 Shaping VET qualifications.............................................................. 30

3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.3 3.4

Methods used to anticipate labour market needs .................................. 30 Design process and qualification designers........................................... 31 Strategic development of VET............................................................... 34 Assessment and recognition of prior learning ........................................ 36 Quality assurance of the processes ...................................................... 37

CHAPTER 4 Promoting participation in VET ........................................................ 39

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5.1 4.5.2

Incentives for individuals ....................................................................... 39 Incentives for enterprises ...................................................................... 40 Incentives for providers ......................................................................... 41 Guidance and counselling, structures and services............................... 41 Careers advisors ................................................................................... 41 Careers advice services ........................................................................ 42

Bibliography .......................................................................................................... 44

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United Kingdom VET in Europe ? Country report 2016

ANNEX 1 Overview of UK education authorities ................................................... 49

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United Kingdom VET in Europe ? Country report 2016

List of figures and tables

Figures Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Projected old-age dependency ratio ....................................................... 6 Unemployment rate for those aged 16 and over (%) .............................. 7 Employment rates by age and highest level of education attained (%), ISCED 2011, in 2015 .............................................................................. 8 VET in the UK's education system ....................................................... 10

Tables Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6.

National qualifications frameworks in relation to the EQF........................ 12 NQFs and Apprenticeship levels in relation to the EQF ........................... 16 Apprenticeship starts by level.................................................................. 18 VET policy makers and inspection agencies ........................................... 22 Qualification design stakeholders............................................................ 32 Policy making authorities ........................................................................ 49

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