Table A.1: Typical graduation age, by level of higher ...

Table A.1: Typical graduation age, by level of higher education

Non-university (ISCED 5)

University-level education, first stage (ISCED 6)

University-level education, second stage (ISCED 7)

Country

All programs

Short programs Long programs

Second Programs Ph.D. equivalent

(e.g. U.S. Master's)

Australia

20

21

x

24

25

Austria

20-22

a

22-25

a

24-27

Belgium

21-23

a

22-24

23-26

26-30

Canada

21

22

x

24

27

Czech Republic

21-22

21-22

23-25

a

26-28

Denmark

23-24

25-27

25-27

26-27

29-35

Finland

21-22

22-24

25-26

25-26

29-30

France

20-21

a

22

a

26

Germany

21

a

26

a

29-31

Greece

20-22

a

22-24

23-24

25-27

Hungary

a

21-22

23-24

26-28

a

Iceland

23

23

25

25-28

29-35

Ireland

19-21

20-22

23-24

21-24

24-27

Italy

21

22

23

a

25

Japan

20

a

22

24

27

Korea

20

22

x

24

29

Luxembourg

21-22

a*

a*

a*

a*

Mexico

23

x

23

26

28

Netherlands

a

a

23

25

28

New Zealand

21

21

x

23

25

Norway

20-21

23

24

24-28

25-29

Poland

20-22

22-23

23-26

24-26

27-29

Portugal

21-22

21-22

22-24

24

26-27

Russian Federation

19-20

20-23

22-25

a

26

Spain

20

21

23

x

26-28

Sweden

20-22

22

23-24

24-27

26-29

Switzerland

23-29

a

26

a

31

Turkey

19

a

25-27

25-27

25-27

United Kingdom

20

21

x

22

26

United States

20

22

a

24

27

*In Luxembourg, only the first year of university studies can be taken. Afterwards, students have to continue their university studies

in foreign countries.

a = Data not applicable.

x = Data included in another category.

SOURCE: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators, 1997, Table X1.2d.

Table A.2: Country financial statistics (reference period: calendar year 1994)

Gross Domestic Product (in millions

of national currency)

Country

Australia

443,020

Austria

2,262,917

Belgium

7,678,129

Canada

740,129

Czech Republic

1,037,500

Denmark

928,597

Finland

509,924

France

7,389,654

Germany

3,320,400

Greece

23,755,806

Hungary

4,364,800

Iceland

434,525

Ireland

36,051

Italy

1,640,000,000

Japan

479,000,000

Korea

306,000,000

Luxembourg

487,671

Mexico

1,420,159

Netherlands

612,980

New Zealand

84,481

Norway

869,742

Poland

210,407

Portugal

14,082,597

Russian Federation

611,000,000

Spain

64,698,800

Sweden

1,531,102

Switzerland

352,920

Turkey

3,870,000,000

United Kingdom

665,570

United States

6,649,800

m = Data not available.

Exchange rates

Purchasing power parity exchange rate

Unadjusted Comparative

market price levels of

exchange rate

GDP

1.35

1.42

0.95

13.95

11.42

1.22

37.36

33.46

1.12

1.25

1.37

0.91

11.30

28.79

0.39

8.73

6.36

1.37

6.16

5.22

1.18

6.64

5.55

1.20

2.07

1.62

1.28

196.59

242.60

0.81

67.50

105.16

0.64

84.22

69.94

1.20

0.64

0.67

0.96

1,536.39

1,612.44

0.95

181.09

102.21

1.77

661.50

803.45

0.82

40.08

33.46

1.20

1.95

3.38

0.58

2.13

1.82

1.17

1.51

1.73

0.87

9.14

7.06

1.29

1.09

2.27

0.48

118.34

165.99

0.71

912.10

m

m

121.55

133.96

0.91

9.92

7.72

1.29

2.10

1.37

1.54

12,116.16

29,608.70

0.41

0.65

0.65

0.99

1.00

1.00

1.00

Gross Domestic Product (in millions of dollars, adjusted by market exchange rate)

Total public expenditure (in millions of dollars, adjusted by market exchange rate)

$312,172 198,123 229,496 541,965 36,043 145,992 97,621

1,330,990 2,046,106

97,920 41,506

6,212 53,918 1,017,092 4,686,430 380,858 14,576 420,775 336,804 48,903 123,235 92,596 84,838

m 482,978 198,433 258,039 130,705 1,018,584 6,649,800

m $103,894

128,651 266,214

16,082 92,790 59,425 724,462 1,016,342 34,387 13,601

2,531 22,411 553,819 1,633,891 80,437

m 73,959 187,380 18,221 64,189 30,278

m m 188,691 138,661 94,538 30,363 459,156 2,397,400

Adjustment factor

1.006715 1 1

1.005452 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1.002131 1 1 1 1

1.009488 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1.014424 1.011397

SOURCE: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators , 1997, Table X2.1, p.352.

GDP per capita (in equivalent US

dollars converted using PPPs)

$18,516 20,206 20,316 20,298 8,883 20,445 16,273 19,233 19,668 11,590 6,302 19,324 15,783 18,648 21,170 10,405 30,116 7,822 18,724 15,959 21,954 5,008 12,018 45,232 13,596 17,582 23,859 5,271 17,622 25,512

Table A.3: Typical cumulative years of schooling by level of education

Country Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States a = Data not applicable. m = Data not available.

Non-university 15 15 15 15 15 14 14 14 15 16 14 17 16 15 16 a 15 14 14 14 14 16 14 16 14

University 16 19 16 16 17 18 17 16 19 16 17 18 17 19 m 17 16 16 16 17 16 19 16 17 16

SOURCE: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators, 1997, Table x1.1.

Table A.4: Typical starting age, by level of higher education

Country Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Russian Federation Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States a = Data not applicable. m = Data not available.

Non-university (ISCED 5) 18 18-19 18-19 18 18-19 21-22 19-20 18-19 19 18-19 18 20 17-18 19 18 18 19 18 a 18 19 19 18 15-18 18 19 19-25 17 18 18

University level, first stage (ISCED 6)

18 18-19 18-19

18 18-19 19-23 19-20

18 19 18-19 18-19 20 17-18 19 18 18 19 18 18 18 19 19-20 18 17-19 18 19 20 17 18 18

University-level, second stage (ISCED 7)

22 22-25 22-24

22 23-25 19-26 21-23

21 26 22-24 23-25 24 20-24 23 22 22 a 24 19 21 m 22-26 22 22-25 22-24 22-24 26 21 21 22

SOURCE: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators , 1997, Table X1.2a.

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