PHYS 1220/1320: Physics II – Electricity, Magnetism & Light



PHYS 1220/1320: Physics II – Thermodynamics and E&M General Information OfficeE-mailInstructor:R. Michalak, PS215 rudim@uwyo.eduTAs:Afiq asuhaimi@uwyo.eduChris cmasi@uwyo.edu Josh Bijay DC James LillySI:Julia jperlman@uwyo.eduSI session Zoom CRN 13498Office hours (RM): Zoom tbd, or by email appointment TA office hours tbdThis course fulfils university program requirement USP03 ‘SP’ or USP15 ‘PN’ for 4 credit hoursf2f Lecture:MWF 11:00 to 11:50 CR tbdf2f Laboratory:all in STEM 185tbdf2f Discussion:tbdText:Sears & Zemansky’s University Physics, 14th edition byYoung&Freedman (older editions may vary substantially! second hand books often come with expired homework key)Access the book and the homework through wyocourses. Homework is done through MasteringPhysics and it is inclusive access through wyocourses with ebook.Webpage:You will find lecture templates and other course related information on my website physics.uwyo.edu/~rudim . Check regularly for updates.Supplementary Reading Suggestions: On your request I am happy to name some useful texts, which adopt different teaching approaches than Young Friedman. As you progress in your major, reading will become a more and more substantial aspect of learning. At our course level, expect to read about 20 pages per week in our text. I will clarify reading techniques in the prelab and/or on the course webpage. Covid Reopening Specifics:All classes at UW have been arranged in four phases. In phase three the delivery may differ according to the instructor choice. My choice is to have lectures and lab face to face. Discussions are yet to be determined, by my inkling is to have them f2f too. However, I do offer online backups based on a lecture course I have taped on Wyocast in summer 2019: Go to Wyocast Presentations on Wyoweb → A-Z, choose College of A&S, then Physics. Access the lecture folder. Note that the videos can be sorted by a number of criteria and that some videos are accessed through page two. I have also taped all labs and created data sheets so that you can take labs online as well. Discussions could be made available through Zoom.To help with student success I will run interactive Office Hours twice a week on Zoom. You can ask questions there and review the material and key problems with me and under my supervision.Course Content and Course Pre-Requisites:This course is an introduction to the physical phenomena of electric charge and temperature. We will approach the material from theoretical and applied angles. We will make use of concepts previously learned in mechanics, like Newton’s Laws and conservation laws. A major point of physics courses is to understand where an equation comes from and what its range of applicability is. Thus, we will spend time on deriving equations and discussing the related scientific model and its limitations. We use problems to illustrate this and fill it with specific meaning, but problem solving is not a purpose in itself in a physics course.We will explore how the presence of electric charge causes the phenomena of electricity and magnetism (chapters 21-23, 27-30). We will integrate these phenomena in a concept known as ‘the field’. As an illustration of applications we will learn about the rules, which govern electric circuitry (chapters 24-26). And, over a 6 week period, we will discover one by one fundamental laws, called the Maxwell Equations, which allow us to describe all of these phenomena and unite the concepts of magnetism and electricity as two aspects of the same thing: electric charge and its motion. Briefly, we will learn to describe electromagnetic phenomena as the results of the propagation of electromagnetic waves. We will study a second, independent field of classical physics which deals with phenomena that occur when temperature changes, e.g. heat transport, specific heat, and the fundamental laws of thermodynamics. The fundamental physical quantity, which describes the changes, is called temperature. Temperature is much more elusive than the other main physical quantities we have met so far, mass and charge. We will explore the law of energy conservation and its extension into thermodynamics and we will see that thermodynamics differs from all other fields of classical physics in that it provides a principle direction to all physical processes, given by the Second Law of Thermodynamics; a fact absent in mechanics and electromagnetism. We are used to such situations being governed by conservation laws, but the second law is entirely different: entropy is a quantity which can either remain unchanged or must increase in any process that occurs. Thus, the laws of thermodynamics set conditions on the outcomes that are possible in mechanics and E&M in ways, which are not foreseen in the Newton and Maxwell laws. In addition to this complication, thermodynamics can only be studied for real systems if one chooses a statistical approach. We will study a very basic introduction to this aspect of nature that is also known as Statistical Mechanics: the kinetic gas theory.A working knowledge of calculus is required. Calculus II is a pre-requisite for this course, Calculus-III is a co-requisite! If your co-req has been waived it is your responsibility to make sure you stay on par with the math in lecture. Some basic explanations will be given, but this is not a math course. Note, that the systematic of the science of physics does not follow the systematic of mathematics! We will have to use concepts like differentiation, integration, and vector calculus. Also, good success in this course is unlikely without a solid grasp of algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and mechanics. If you lack in any of these I am willing to help you, for example during office hours, but it is ultimately your responsibility to put in the work it takes to catch up. All of the following information is tentative, and I reserve the right to change any of it as seems necessary to keep the class average on course. If such changes are made, they will be announced in lecture. It is your responsibility to keep yourself informed about any such changes:LectureOur course consists of a large amount of information and a complex logical network of reasoned argument that ties all the information together and not necessarily in a straight sequential manner. To get the best learning outcome, you want to look out for cross links between topics.To make this situation more accessible and to help point out cross connections, I have arranged the content into six major sections or super-topics: Electrostatics - nature of charge the phenomena of electrical charge, field, and force, Electrostatics – circuitry basic and time dependent phenomena in circuitry, Ohmic circuits Magnetostatics - surprising effects due to moving charges, right hand rule frenzy to keep track, Magnetism - inductors in circuits, various effects and devices. Thermal Physics and Kinetic Theory- temperature and heat, heat transport, specific heat, state laws and state functions, role of statisticsThermodynamics- laws of thermodynamics, heat engines, more thermodynamic state functions.My interactive teaching is sometimes improvised and ad hoc because I try to respond to questions and follow student ideas that may emerge in a classroom in real time. Under such circumstances, making a few mistakes is human. When I catch such errors early, I correct them as I go. When I catch them late, I may send a class email out to address the situation. I will use your UW email address to convey such corrections.Some technical notes:The lecture will in part be presented in power point and in part on the white board. Demonstrations, videos, and web-applets will be used wherever helpful and when it fits into the time schedule. They help illustrate a complex or new phenomenon or principle and break up an otherwise overbearing lecture block. You need to write down the information on the white board as your lecture notes, or it will be lost. You are expected to take notes about videos and demonstrations etc. The content of both may be part of exam questions. Exam questions are generally closer to lecture problems than to homework problems.I employ group-work techniques during lecture. Our department’s record has shown that the use of modern teaching techniques deepens understanding and reliably improves the outcome on standardized tests of knowledge retention. You can only expect to benefit from these when you actively participate.Discussion Sessions and LaboratoryParticipation in discussions is mandatory up to shortly after the first exam. Missing a discussion means losing points toward your final exam (see below). After that, participation in discussion means earning bonus points toward the final exam grade. Students, who show up briefly, more or less just to sign up, do not count as participating in the discussion.Participation in all laboratories is mandatory for the successful completion of this course. There is time for one makeup lab at the start of Thanksgiving week (see tentative schedule). If you miss a lab you cannot submit a lab report and all points for that lab are lost. If you do not participate in lab at all or only very rarely, you fail the course, unless you have a university or valid doctor’s excuse which you present to me before missing labs or right after you come back after a sickness.Lab rules to be synchronized with our sister section:Each lab consists of a pre-lab, the main lab work, and a post-lab report. The post-lab reports are due at the beginning of the next lab and we do our best to have them graded and handed back at the lab in the week after that. Note though, TAs have midterm exams and some delay is possible in those weeks. The pre-labs have the character of predictions and are not graded. You do them with your group at the beginning of lab. Each lab is of equal value for your final lab grade. In the post-lab there is a follow up question about your prelab predictions that is graded. Consequently, you have to include your prelab when you hand in your postlab. Your TA assesses your personal performance during lab (you can lose up to 4 pts off your lab grade), including early departure, incomplete data, wrong data, etc. In general, the expectations start low and end high over the course of the term. All lab group members contribute in equal share to each postlab every week. You indicate this by signing on the front page what your role in the write-up was (see section on academic dishonesty below). You receive report grade points for your section but you also receive some points for making sure that your group mates do not make mistakes in their parts and that the parts fit together and make sense as a whole.Preliminary character of TA grades. At the end of term I will check whether there was any grading bias by TAs. In order to warrant fair grades across different TA grading habits, I may then decide to curve final lab grades. I evaluate this by taking the average grade of each lab section and compare it to the average grade the students in these sections have got otherwise in the course. If there happens to be a notable difference between TAs, I will remove that difference for the lab section’s average grade. Some students may see their lab grade go down while others may see it go up. Usually, this does not exceed 2 or 3%.As the term progresses, our expectations for your competence in lab will increase: During the first few labs, it is mainly your active participation that is assessed. By the week of exam 1, we will operate near full expectation level. At that time, thoughtful work will include the anticipation and correction of systematic errors, your decision to adapt the experiment plan to the factual situation in the lab, and other such proactive contributions. The competence of your contribution will include such factors as the correct use of measurement equipment, decisions made to get more meaningful data (repetitions), and the identification and timely correction of obviously wrong results. Think of this as a skill you need to master for future job performance. ExamsThe exams will contain both quantitative and conceptual problems. The exams will be closed book and closed notes. I will provide you, however, with the formula sheet taken from the Phys 1220 master formulas in the lab manual. All exams are mandatory and none of the grades will be dropped or replaced. The exams will be held at the following times and cover the following chapters in Young & Freedman:Exam 1, CR 129 R Sep 27 500 – 700 pm Chapter 21-23 Exam 2, CR 129 R Nov 8 500 – 700 pm Chapter 24-28 Exam 3, CR 314W Dec 12 1015-1215am/pmCumulativeIf you have a university excuse or other acceptable reason – judged at my discretion - to ask for a makeup exam, I will consider that request, if it has been sent to me by email not later than the Monday before the exam. You will only be able to participate in the makeup exam, if I receive your email before the deadline. Based on the details you will provide in the emails I will set a single makeup time. Makeup exams may differ significantly from the main exam and tend to be a little bit more difficult because there is less time for polishing the problems.HomeworkWe use the Mastering Physics (MP) online homework system. The online homework must be submitted by each student individually, but you are allowed to work together on the solution method (not on each individual numerical solution!). You will find that, if you try to take a free ride on these, you will fail the exams by a wide margin. In general, it is better to try to work the problems yourself even if you lose points because working on your own is what you will have to in exams.The deadline for each online homework is indicated in the tentative schedule below and in MP, but is subject to change as announced during lecture. Be advised not to work last minute on the online submissions. The system tends to be busy at times and the internet connection could be down. It is your responsibility to submit before the deadline. I set the online hw system up to accept post deadline submissions for a grade penalty. This grade penalty builds up gradually, so submitting five minutes late is not a big deal. The system will close for all late submission on the last day of classes and is open for the grade penalty late submission for ALL problems until 5pm on the last day of classes.The MP syntax requires some experience. I provide a no-penalty training hw called HW0. Some problems in it can earn you a performance based bonus toward your first exam grade. It also gives you opportunity to learn the language syntax to avoid grade penalties in the actual hw. Academic dishonestyIn short: Don’t cheat. In the long run you are only hurting your chances of succeeding in college because courses build onto each other and the gap keeps widening as you transfer a lack in one subject to the next level. Not being proficient at solving the offered problem types also makes your exams more difficult than they otherwise would have to be. Finally, cheating is, of course, dishonourable behaviour.The actual university rules:Academic dishonesty is defined in University Regulation 802, Revision 2 as “an act attempted or performed which misrepresents one’s involvement in an academic task in any way, or permits another student to misrepresent the latter’s involvement in an academic task by assisting the misrepresentation.” and there is a well-defined procedure to judge such cases and serious penalties may be assessed. A shorter common sense interpretation could sound something like this: If it’s not your work, don’t pretend that it is.For our work the following is of particular relevance:The general solutions to online homework (i.e. NOT with your own set of numbers but ONLY the principle ways of answering a question of a certain type) may be discussed in groups but must be worked out and submitted to the MP grading by each student separately. In particular, it is not allowed to use one student’s account to test an answer and then use it for submissions in other accounts. If the TAs or I catch you violating the rules you will get a 0% F on the assignment. If we catch you twice you will get an F for the course.Using solution DVDs or online sources for the online hw problems is cheating and will be treated accordingly. You can, however, use such sources to look up how similar problems are solved.Lab reports are group work. You will be assigned to lab groups and the groups will be changes twice during term. You will be informed at the latest the week before that happens. The group writes a single lab report with all participants’ names on the report. The report receives a single grade. Everyone has to contribute to each report according to the rules specified above. The proper format for the lab report will be explained in prelab (lab0). If you do not do any part of the work you will get a zero grade for the report and a 50% grade if you participated in lab.If you get caught breaking the rules (or if you admit to having done it), all involved parties will receive a ‘zero grade’ for the overall grade of that assignment, regardless of the actual score you achieved. If it happens a second time you will receive an F grade for the course. I reserve rights to take further steps based on the severity of a case.Exams are not group work, must be entirely your own work, and must be performed without consulting any help (no books, notes, electronic media, etc. other than what is being handed out to you). If you get caught cheating in an exam you will receive an F grade in the course and a report will be filed with the Dean of Students. In addition, an academic dishonesty charge may be submitted to the College.Academic honesty is important beyond school, and in school it has many purposes, for instance to develop respect between faculty and students, to ensure fair and effective grading, and to help create an environment that fosters learning. Special accommodationsIf you have a physical, learning, or psychological disability and require accommodations, please let me know as soon as possible.? I will try to accommodate your condition as best as circumstances allow. You will need to register with University Disability Support Services (UDSS) in SEO, room 109 Knight Hall, 766-3073, TTY: 766-3073. If you choose to notify me late about such circumstances you forfeit your right for special accommodation for that instance.Additional helpYour TAs, the SI, and I myself have office hours (see front page of syllabus). I encourage you to come to any of these to clarify any issues you may have with understanding the material. These opportunities are also ideal for addressing any remedial knowledge issue you may be struggling with. Contact me, if you have any issues with coming to class, need a deadline extension, etc. I will consider an extension of a deadline only, if you ask before a deadline has passed and if you have a valid reason.Tutor CenterThe STEP Tutor Center in Coe Library offers free evening tutoring for many courses. Visit Coe Library between 5:00-9:00pm (Sun. – Thurs.) and visit the STEP website for full details about tutoring opportunities and other UW resources: uwyo.edu/step?? Tutoring is available in this class at the STEP Tutor Center and eTutoring.How to be successful in physics and in our course:Work both independently and in groups of your peers. You can help each other understand the course material. The person who explains learns, and the person who asks learns too. If you need help finding a group of classmates to work with, let me know and I will help to match you up.Read the text. The text can be lengthy and you may struggle to make the time to read it all. Identify the core text of a chapter (usually where the main definitions are introduced) and at least one core example (usually not the short and easy one) and read those. Reading physics texts means working through them and going back and forth as signposts in the text may indicate (e.g. see figure 1; or: according to equation 2.3 means: go there and study it in context). Consult the course webpage for a reading guide.Lecture time is sparse and should be reserved for the difficult aspects of a topic. Come prepared and it will be much easier to follow the difficult material.Plan to spend approximately 1-2 hours outside of class for each hour you spend in class: doing homework, reading the text, writing lab reports etc. For a 4-credit class this amounts to something like 7-14 hours per week outside of class. If you are spending routinely much more time than this, please come to see me so that we can ensure that you spend your time efficiently. If you are already very familiar with a topic you may be successful when you spend as little as 6-7 hours per week out of class on the material. Do not underestimate this load: 7 hours out of class means on average one hour every night. If you take four difficult courses that’s 4 hours every night!Work many problems beyond the assigned homework. As with everything one wants to gain proficiency in, the only thing that really helps is practice. Topics students struggle most with in this course are: field, flux, and Gaussian integrals. Be extra prepared when these are on the day’s agenda.Attend every lecture, discussion, and lab. Getting material that you missed is your responsibility.Do refrain from unrelated activities that interrupt class. Typical such activities are arriving late, leaving early (if you absolutely have to leave, plan ahead and sit in an aisle seat), watching videos, texting, receiving cell phone calls, chit chatting. Such behaviour is rude and it affects your peers’ opportunity to learn and wastes the money they paid to be here. Read your university email account at least once daily. I do contact students through their Wyoweb registered primary email address when an issue cannot wait till the next class meeting.Do not record during the lecture without my written permission. If I should give such permission I am likely to attach conditions to it. Do not post class content or class action to Facebook or other social media.GradingThe average final grade in the course has historically been a C+/B- (~ GPA 2.4-2.6). This is right on target for the ten year average of freshman and sophomore classes in both, the College of Arts and Sciences and the College of Engineering. Details of grading (tentative and subject to revision at my discretion):Exams: 3(70%) exam 1 and 2: 20% each, the final exam 30%.Homework: 12 online(15%) Bonus hw tba as needed(grade bonus to be determined)Labs: 11 (15%)Miscellaneous: discussion 7-13 bonus (up to 2% on final exam) HW0 bonus (up to 1% on first exam) Possible Discussion 1-6 penalty (up to -1.2% on final grade) _____ 100% Scale: A > 90%GPA 4.0B > 80%3.0C > 70%2.0D > 60.0%1.0F < 60%0.0I reserve the right to curve the final grade and each exam. Curving can be helpful to keep class morale up, but is detrimental to group work and prevents students from getting realistic feedback on the quality of their work. It may also contribute to unrealistic expectations for upper level courses. I strive to minimize curving and, ideally, I avoid it altogether. Grading Key√correct(√)mostly correct ~ somewhat correct ≈ vague (-) incomplete - missing # wrongI will discuss grades for hw, labs, exams, and all other grades only for up to one week after the work has been handed back to class (not one week after you may have collected it).Tentative Class Schedule Fall 2020 – 1220Phase 1: 8/24-9/4Phase 2: 9/7-9/25Phase 3: 9/28-11/20Phase 4: 11/23-12/11WeekMWFDiscussionLabNotesDeadlines tentative: all hw deadlines 11pm on day shown 1 Aug 24 – Aug 28-IntroE1Ch21E2Ch21NodiscussionHW0 (bonus) due S 9/2, 11pm 2 Aug 31 – Sep 4-E3Ch21E4Ch21D1, reqPre lab- Lab 0Safety adviceSign-off (mandatory)Homework #1: due S 9/9 ch 21 3 Sep 7 – Sep 11E5Ch22E6Ch22E7Ch22D2, req.Lab 1Field Lines, Equipot.. linesHomework #2: due S 9/16 ch 22 9/10 last day to add/drop/change4 Sep 14 – Sep 18E8Ch23E9Ch23EC1Ch25D3, req.Lab 2Ohm’sLaw, par/serReport 1 dueHomework #3: due 9/23 ch 235 Sep 21 – Sep 25EC2Ch25EC3Ch26EC4Ch26D4, req.Report 2 dueon day lab wouldhave beenExam 1 Sep 27 5pm, CR129Homework #4: due 9/30 ch 25/266 Sep 28 1 – Oct 2EC5Ch24EC6Ch24EC7Ch24/26(RC circ)D5, req.Lab 3Kirchhoff Circuits Homework #5: due S 10/7 ch 26/24 7 Oct 5 – Oct 9MS1Ch27MS2Ch27MS3Ch27D6, req.Lab 4Charging Cap Report 3 dueHomework #6: due S 10/14 ch 27 8 Oct 12 – Oct 16MS4Ch28MS5Ch28MS6Ch28D7, bonusLab 5 Field in a coilReport 4 due Homework #7: due S 10/21 ch 28 mid semester: Oct 199 Oct 19 – Oct 23MS7Ch29MS8Ch29MS9 Ch29D8, bonusLab 6Field b/w wiresReport 5 dueHomework #8: due S 10/28 ch 29midterm grades due on 10/24 10 Oct 26 – Oct 30M1Ch30M2Ch30M3Ch30D9, bonus Lab 7Magn. InductionReport 6 due Homework #9: due S 11/4 ch 30advising week, get your PERC 11 Nov 2 – Nov 6M4Ch31T1M5Ch31/32M6Ch32D10, bonusNo labReport 7 dueExam 2 Nov 8 5pm, CR129no hw this weekNov 9 last day to withdraw from course 12 Nov 9 – Nov 13T1Ch17T2Ch17T3Ch17D11, bonus Lab 8Thermal ExpansionLab 10Heat ConductionRadiation Report 9 dueHomework #10: due S 11/18 ch 31/32,17 13 Nov16 – Nov 20T4Ch18--- - No lab - Thanksgiving break 21st -23rd 14 Nov23 – Nov 27T5Ch18T6Ch18T7Ch19D12, bonusLab 9Specific HeatReport 10 dueHomework #11: due S 12/2 ch 18/1911/28 last day to withdraw from school15 Nov 30 – Dec 4T8Ch19T9Ch19T10Ch20D13, bonusMakeup lab Report 9 dueon lab day Homework #12: due S 12/9 ch 19/20 16 Dec7 – Dec11 11th/19thT11Ch20 W 12th1015-1215 Final exam All final exams are in the regular class rooms unless arranged otherwise. Final grades due 1/2/18 E – Electrostatics (ch. 21-23): 9EC – Electric Circuits (ch. 24-26): 7 MS – Magnetostatics (ch. 27-30): 9M – Magnetism (ch.30-32): 6T – Thermal Physics (ch. 17-20): 11no. lectures = 42Consult the deadline calendar on the Office of The Registrar webpage to double check my deadline dates. ................
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