Advanced Decentralized Blockchain Platform Whitepaper ...

Advanced Decentralized Blockchain Platform Whitepaper Version: 2.0

TRON Protocol Version: 3.2

TRON Foundation December 10th, 2018, San Francisco

1. Introduction

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1.1 Vision

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1.2 Background

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1.3 History

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1.4 Terminology

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Address/Wallet

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ABI

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API

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Asset

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Bandwidth Points (BP)

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Block

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Block Reward

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Block Header

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Cold Wallet

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DApp

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gRPC

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Hot Wallet

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JDK

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KhaosDB

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LevelDB

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Merkle Root

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Public Testnet (Shasta)

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RPC

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Scalability

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SUN

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Throughput

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Timestamp

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TKC

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TRC-10

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TRX

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2. Architecture

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2.1 Core

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2.2 Storage

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2.2.1 Blockchain Storage

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2.2.2 State Storage

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2.3 Application

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2.4 Protocol

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2.4.1 Protocol Buffers

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2.4.2 HTTP

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2.5 TRON Virtual Machine (TVM)

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2.6 Decentralized Exchange (DEX)

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2.7 Implementation

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3. Consensus

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3.1 Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)

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4. Account

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4.1 Types

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4.2 Creation

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4.3 Structure

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5. Block

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5.1 Block Header

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5.1.1 Raw Data

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5.1.2 Witness Signature

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5.1.3 Block ID

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5.2 Transaction

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5.2.1 Signing

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5.2.2 Bandwidth Model

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5.2.3 Fee

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5.2.4 Transaction as Proof of Stake (TaPoS)

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5.2.5 Transaction Confirmation

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5.2.6 Structure

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6. TRON Virtual Machine (TVM)

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6.1 Introduction

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6.2 Workflow

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6.3 Performance

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6.3.1 Lightweight Architecture

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6.3.2 Robust

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6.3.3 High Compatibility

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6.3.4 Low Cost

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7. Smart Contract

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7.1 Introduction

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7.2 Energy Model

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7.3 Deployment

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7.4 Trigger Function

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7.5 TRON Solidity

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8. Token

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8.1 TRC-10 Token

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8.2 TRC-20 Token

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8.3 Beyond

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9. Governance

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9.1 Super Representative

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9.1.1 General

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9.1.2 Election

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9.1.3 Reward

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a. Vote Reward

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b. Block Reward

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c. Reward Calculation

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9.2 Committee

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9.2.1 General

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9.2.2 Dynamic Network Parameters

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9.2.3 Create Proposal

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9.2.4 Vote Proposal

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9.2.5 Cancel Proposal

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9.3 Structure

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10. DApp Development

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10.1 APIs

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10.2 Networks

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10.3 Tools

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10.4 Resources

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11. Conclusion

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1. Introduction

1.1 Vision

TRON is an ambitious project dedicated to the establishment of a truly decentralized Internet and its infrastructure. The TRON Protocol, one of the largest blockchain-based operating systems in the world, offers public blockchain support of high throughput, high scalability, and high availability for all Decentralized Applications (DApps) in the TRON ecosystem. The July 2018 acquisition of BitTorrent further cemented TRON's leadership in pursuing a decentralized ecosystem.

1.2 Background

The introduction of Bitcoin in 2009 revolutionized society's perception of the traditional financial system in the wake of the Great Recession (2007-2008). As centralized hedge funds and banks collapsed from speculation in opaque financial derivatives, blockchain technology provided a transparent universal ledger from which anybody could glean transaction information. The transactions were cryptographically secured using a Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanism, thus preventing double spend issues. In late 2013, the Ethereum white paper proposed a network in which smart contracts and a Turing-complete Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) would allow developers to interact with the network through DApps. However, as transaction volumes in Bitcoin and Ethereum peaked in 2017, it was apparent from the low transaction throughput times and high transaction fees that cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum in their existing state were not scalable for widespread adoption. Thus, TRON was founded and envisioned as an innovative solution to these pressing scalability challenges.

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