Diagnosis of Mental Disorders - Home
MAJOR OR MILD NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER WITH LEWY BODIESb). Information regarding diagnostic criteria, use of medication (types of medication, note specific medications by name), and therapeutic interventions for best practice used for each mental disorder (specific to age groups and/or gender i.e. child, adolescent, adult, geriatric / Male, female, LGBTQIA).-Diagnostic Criteria: client/patient meets criteria for a major or mild neurocognitive disorder, disorder manifests insidiously with gradual progression, for probable major or mild neurocognitive disorder w/Lewy bodies= 2 core features, or 1 suggestive feature with 1 or more core features, for possible major or mild neurocognitive disorder w/Lewy bodies= 1 core feature, or 1 or more suggestive features (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). 1. Core diagnostic features: fluctuating cognition w/variation on alertness and attention, detailed and well-formed recurring hallucinations, spontaneous features of Parkinsonism 2. Suggestive diagnostic features: meets diagnostic criteria for REM behavior disorder, neuroleptic sensitivity (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). -Types of Medication by Name: carbidopa/levodopa to treat hallucinations, low doses of clonazepam (quetiapine may be safer) used for mood changes (Walter, C. et al, 2014). Rivastigmine (Exelon) to increase neurotransmission, alertness, thought, judgement, and cognition. Avoid anticholinergic properties, dopamine agonists, and haloperidol (Haldol) (Mayo Clinic, 2011).- Therapeutic Interventions: CBT w/relaxation techniques, BT w/relaxation training, Reminiscence Therapy (Kress & Paylo, 2015). Physical therapy for parkinsonian symptoms, music therapy (soothing sounds), pet therapy (improve and behavior), aromatherapy and massage therapy (Mayo Clinic, 2011).c). Cognitive and personality screening tools and assessments utilized in diagnosis for each disorder.-Cognition Screening: Clock drawing, Test Your Memory, Mini-Mental State Examination-Behavior Screening: Neuropsychiatric Inventory, BEHAVE-AD-Depression in Dementia: The Geriatric Depression Scale, Cornell Scale for depression in dementia, The Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale-Dementia Severity Screening: The Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, Global Deterioration Scale, Clinicians Global Impression of Change (Sheehan, 2012).d). Handouts that may be used informally to assist client and family understanding of the disorder. INCLUDEPICTURE "" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "" \* MERGEFORMATINET ). cultural issues. Affects 0.1% to 5% of the elderly, with little to no family history features (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). f). other issues which you identify as relevant to working with each disorder. Individuals issuing medications need to be aware of the side effects of each, because depending on the severity of symptoms may cause harm and/or death.Difficult to diagnose due to similar symptoms of Alzheimer’s (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Early diagnosis is essential (Lewy Body Dementia Association, 2016).Survival is 5-7 years (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Involve family in treatment (Kress & Paylo, 2015). MAJOR OR MILD VASCULAR NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERb). Information regarding diagnostic criteria, use of medication (types of medication, note specific medications by name), and therapeutic interventions for best practice used for each mental disorder (specific to age groups and/or gender i.e. child, adolescent, adult, geriatric / Male, female, LGBTQIA).-Diagnostic Criteria: client/patient meets criteria for major or mild neurocognitive disorder, onset of cognitive deficits related to 1 or more cerebrovascular events, decline in complex attention, processing speed, frontal-executive function, evidence of cerebrovascular disease, not explained by another brain disease, probable vascular neurocognitive disorder= significant parenchymal injury supported by neuroimaging, neurocognitive syndrome related to 1 or more cerebrovascular events, clinical and genetic evidence of cerebrovascular disease, possible vascular neurocognitive disorder=criteria are met but neuroimaging is not available and neurocognitive syndrome w/1 or more cerebrovascular events is not established. -Types of Medication by Name: cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine (Elements Behavioral Health, 2017). Statins (lower cholesterol), Donepezil (improves cognition), Galantamine (improves cognition and executive function), cell-based therapy (Kumral & Ozgoren, 2017).-Therapeutic Interventions: Mediterranean diet (helps with cognitive decline), antiplatelet therapy (cognitive functioning) (Kumral & Ozgoren, 2017). c). Cognitive and personality screening tools and assessments utilized in diagnosis for each disorder. Mini Mental State Examination, General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition, lab tests, neurological exams, brain imaging (CT and MRI), Neuropsychological tests (Mayo Clinic, 2014). d). Handouts that may be used informally to assist client and family understanding of the disorder. Disorder not specifically listed, but will be useful at ). cultural issues. 0.2% in 65-70 year olds and 16 % in 80 or older (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Higher prevalence in African Americans compared to Caucasians and East Asian populations (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). f). other issues which you identify as relevant to working with each disorder.Involve family in treatment, frequently evaluate for escalating symptoms (Kress & Paylo, 2015). Can occur at any age (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). MAJOR OR MILD NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER DUE TO TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURYb). Information regarding diagnostic criteria, use of medication (types of medication, note specific medications by name), and therapeutic interventions for best practice used for each mental disorder (specific to age groups and/or gender i.e. child, adolescent, adult, geriatric / Male, female, LGBTQIA).-Diagnostic Criteria: criteria are met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder, evidence of traumatic brain injury w/loss of consciousness, posttraumatic amnesia, disorientation, confusion, neurological signs, neurocognitive disorder appears right after traumatic brain injury, or after consciousness is regained. -Types of Medication by Name: antipsychotic agents, anxiolytic drugs, antidepressants, centrally-acting cholinergic drugs, stimulant medications (Drake, 2017). Methylphenidate, Sertraline, amantadine, bromocriptine, and levodopa combined with carbidopa, Valproic acid (Talsky et al., 2010). - Therapeutic Interventions: Multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation, outpatient speech and language therapy (Drake, 2017). c). Cognitive and personality screening tools and assessments utilized in diagnosis for each disorder. The Military Acute Concussion Evaluation (Marshal et al., 2012). Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics?(Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families, 2012). CT scanning and MRI (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). d). Handouts that may be used informally to assist client and family understanding of the disorder. e). cultural issues. 59% account for males, highest prevalence younger than 4 and older than 65 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). f). other issues which you identify as relevant to working with each disorder. Supportive psychotherapy for families and caregivers (Drake, 2017). Involve family in treatment (Kress & Paylo, 2015). SUBSTANCE/MEDICATION-INDUCED MAJOR OR MILD NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER b). Information regarding diagnostic criteria, use of medication (types of medication, note specific medications by name), and therapeutic interventions for best practice used for each mental disorder (specific to age groups and/or gender i.e. child, adolescent, adult, geriatric / Male, female, LGBTQIA).-Diagnostic Criteria: criteria are met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder, neurocognitive impairments are absent during delirium and continue past intoxication and withdrawal, duration and use of substance or medication produces neurocognitive impairment, neurocognitive deficits is consistent with when the substance or meds were used and discontinue or stabilize during abstinence, not attributable to another medical condition and not better explained by another mental disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). -Types of Medication by Name: thiamine (not orally), Pabrinex, Fluvoxamine, Clonidine, Desglycinamide arginine, Reboxetine, Propranolol (Horton, Duffy, & Martin, 2014). -Therapeutic Interventions: Psychosocial rehabilitation, reality orientation, psychomotor, memory, and mental flexibility training, supported accommodation, visual imagery (Horton, Duffy, & Martin, 2014).c). Cognitive and personality screening tools and assessments utilized in diagnosis for each disorder. Modified Wisconsin General Testing Apparatus (Horton, Duffy, & Martin, 2014).d). Handouts that may be used informally to assist client and family understanding of the disorder. Nonee). cultural issues. f). other issues which you identify as relevant to working with each disorder.There are no pharmacological interventions to cure or reverse this disorder, but alcohol abstinence is important (Internet Mental Health, 2017).MAJOR OR MILD NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER DUE TO HIV INFECTIONb). Information regarding diagnostic criteria, use of medication (types of medication, note specific medications by name), and therapeutic interventions for best practice used for each mental disorder (specific to age groups and/or gender i.e. child, adolescent, adult, geriatric / Male, female, LGBTQIA).-Diagnostic Criteria: criteria are met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder, documentation that individual has HIV, not better explained by non-HIV disorders, multifocal leukoencephalopathy, or cryptococcal meningitis, not attributable to another medical condition and not better explained by another mental disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). -Types of Medication by Name: Minocycline, Memantine, Selegiline, neurotrophin, insulin, and IGF-1 (Lindi et al., 2010). -Therapeutic Interventions: combined antiretroviral therapy, HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) (Theravive, 2017).c). Cognitive and personality screening tools and assessments utilized in diagnosis for each disorder. Mini Mental State Examination, HIV Dementia Scale, International HIV Dementia Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, AD-8 (Sacktor, n.d.).d). Handouts that may be used informally to assist client and family understanding of the disorder. ). cultural issues.f). other issues which you identify as relevant to working with each disorder.MAJOR OR MILD NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER DUE TO PRION DISEASEb). Information regarding diagnostic criteria, use of medication (types of medication, note specific medications by name), and therapeutic interventions for best practice used for each mental disorder (specific to age groups and/or gender i.e. child, adolescent, adult, geriatric / Male, female, LGBTQIA).-Diagnostic Criteria: criteria met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder, insidious onset and rapid progression, motor features present (myoclonus, ataxia, biomarker), not attributable to another medical condition and not better explained by another mental disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). -Types of Medications by Name: Congo red, anthracyclines, amphotericin B, sulfated polyanions, tetrapyrroles, acridine, quiacrine, chlorpromazine, pentosane polysulphate (Ramachandran, 2014). -Therapeutic Interventions: chelation therapy, in vivo effect of iPr13, immunological approaches (Ramachandran, 2014).c). Cognitive and personality screening tools and assessments utilized in diagnosis for each disorder. Mini Mental State Examinationd). Handouts that may be used informally to assist client and family understanding of the disorder. ). cultural issues.f). other issues which you identify as relevant to working with each disorder. MAJOR OR MILD NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER DUE TO PARKINSON’S DISEASEb). Information regarding diagnostic criteria, use of medication (types of medication, note specific medications by name), and therapeutic interventions for best practice used for each mental disorder (specific to age groups and/or gender i.e. child, adolescent, adult, geriatric / Male, female, LGBTQIA).-Diagnostic Criteria: criteria are met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder, disturbance occurs during the setting of Parkinson’s disease, insidious onset, gradual progression of impairment, not attributable to a medical condition and is not better explained by another mental disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Probably due to Parkinson’s disease must have both 1 and 2 and possibly due to Parkinson’s disease must have 1 or 21. No evidence of mixed etiology 2. The Parkinson’s disease precedes onset of neurocognitive disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). - Types of Medication by Name: Rivastigmine (Hugo, 2014). Sinemet, Parcopa, Sinemet CR, Stalova, Rytary, Duopa, APOKYN, Parldel, Requip, Cogentin, Artane, Eldepryl, Carbex, Zelapar, Tasmar, Symmetrel (Parkinson’s Disease Foundation, 2017).-Therapeutic Interventions: Speech, Physical, and Occupational therapies (Parkinson’s disease Foundation, 2017).c). Cognitive and personality screening tools and assessments utilized in diagnosis for each disorder. Neurological exams and imaging tests (MRI CT, PET). WHO Screening Instrument, Baylor Health Screening Questionnaire, Tanner’s questionnaires (Fereshtehnejad et al., 2014). d). Handouts that may be used informally to assist client and family understanding of the disorder. ). cultural issues.f). other issues which you identify as relevant to working with each disorder. MAJOR OR MILD NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER DUE TO HUNTINGTON’S DISEASEb). Information regarding diagnostic criteria, use of medication (types of medication, note specific medications by name), and therapeutic interventions for best practice used for each mental disorder (specific to age groups and/or gender i.e. child, adolescent, adult, geriatric / Male, female, LGBTQIA).-Diagnostic Criteria: criteria are met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder, insidious onset, gradual progression, Huntington’s has been clinically established or risk of disease due to family history or genetic testing, not attributable to another medical condition and not better explained by another mental disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). -Types of Medications by Name: Xenazine, Haldol, Risperdal, Klonopin, Celexa, Zyprexa, Depacon (Mayo Clinic, Huntington’s disease, 2011).-Therapeutic Interventions: Psychotherapy, Speech therapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy (Mayo Clinic, Huntington’s disease, 2011).c). Cognitive and personality screening tools and assessments utilized in diagnosis for each disorder. Fahn Rating Scale, Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale, Mini Mental State Examination, Tinetti Scale, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Neuropathological scales (Liou, 2010). d). Handouts that may be used informally to assist client and family understanding of the disorder. ). cultural issues.f). other issues which you identify as relevant to working with each disorder. MAJOR OR MILD NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER DUE ANOTHER MEDICAL CONDITIONb). Information regarding diagnostic criteria, use of medication (types of medication, note specific medications by name), and therapeutic interventions for best practice used for each mental disorder (specific to age groups and/or gender i.e. child, adolescent, adult, geriatric / Male, female, LGBTQIA).-Diagnostic Criteria: criteria met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder, evidence that disorder is the pathophysiological consequence of another medical condition, not better explained by another mental disorder or other neurocognitive disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). -Types of Medication by Name: To treat due to another medical condition: (examples)Brain tumors- Trexall, Avastin, Temodar, Mutulane, Ceenu, Gliadel (Google, 2017)Subdural hematoma- Keppra, Elepsia, Levetiractam (Google, Subdural hematoma, 2017)Hydrocephalus- Acetazolamide (Google, Hydrocephalus, 2017).Epilepsy- Diazepam, Clonazepam, Tegretol, Lamictal, Keppra, Zarontin, Valproic acid (Google, Epilepsy, 2017).-Therapeutic Interventions:Brain tumors- Chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, radiosurgery physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, alternative medicine (Mayo Clinic, Brain Tumor, 2017). Subdural hematoma- Craniotomy, decompressive craniectomy (Google, Subdural hematoma, 2017).Hydrocephalus- Ventriculoperitoneal shunt, ventriculostomy (Google, Hydrocephalus, 2017).Epilepsy- Lab tests, imaging (Google, Epilepsy, 2017). c). Cognitive and personality screening tools and assessments utilized in diagnosis for each disorder. Physical examination and lab workd). Handouts that may be used informally to assist client and family understanding of the disorder.e). cultural issues.f). other issues which you identify as relevant to working with each disorder.MAJOR OR MILD NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER DUE TO MULTIPLE ETIOLOGIESb). Information regarding diagnostic criteria, use of medication (types of medication, note specific medications by name), and therapeutic interventions for best practice used for each mental disorder (specific to age groups and/or gender i.e. child, adolescent, adult, geriatric / Male, female, LGBTQIA).-Diagnostic Criteria: criteria are met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder, evidence that the disorder is the pathophysiological consequence of more than one etiological process, excluding substances, not better explained by another mental disorder and do not occur during delirium (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). -Types of Medication by Name: Review medications that are associated with each of neurocognitive disorders that are relevant to the patients multiple neurocognitive disorders. -Therapeutic Interventions: Review interventions/treatments that are associated with each of neurocognitive disorders that are relevant to the patients multiple neurocognitive disorders. c). Cognitive and personality screening tools and assessments utilized in diagnosis for each disorder. Review assessments and screening tools that are associated with each of neurocognitive disorders that are relevant to the patients multiple neurocognitive disorders. d). Handouts that may be used informally to assist client and family understanding of the disorder. Refer client and family to handouts that are associated with each of neurocognitive disorders that are relevant to the patients multiple neurocognitive disorders. e). cultural issues.f). other issues which you identify as relevant to working with each disorder.UNSPECIFIED NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERSymptoms are characteristic of a neurocognitive disorder that causes distress or impairment in social or occupational settings, but does not meet full criteria for any of the neurocognitive disorders, or the etiology (cause) cannot be determined (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). ReferenceAlzheimer’s Association. (2017). Health Care Professionals and Alzheimer’s. Retrievedfrom Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fifth Edition, Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Drake, M. E. (2017). Major of Minor Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Traumatic BrainInjury. Theravive webpage. Retrieved from (f02.8).Elements Behavioral Health. (2017). Understanding Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder. Retrieved from S, -M, Shafieesabet M, Rahmani A, Farhadi F, Hadizadeh H, Shahidi G, A, …., Lokk J,. (2014). A Novel 6-Item Screening Questionnaire for Parkinsonism: Validation and Comparison Between Different Instruments. Neuroepidemiology.Retrieved from . (2017). Brain Tumor. Retrieved from . (2017). Epilepsy. Retrieved from . (2017). Hydrocephalus. Retrieved from . (2017). Subdural hematoma. Retrieved from , L., Duffy, T., & Martin, C. (2014). Interventions for alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD): Do specific approaches restrict the evolution of comprehensive patient care?. Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy, 21(5), 408-419. Retrieved from, J., & Ganguli, M. (2014). Dementia and Cognitive Impairment: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.?Clinics in Geriatric Medicine,?30(3), 421–442. Retrieved from Mental Health. (2017). Alcohol-Induced Neurocognitive Disorder. Retrieved from, V. E., Paylo, M. J. (2015). Treating Those with Mental Disorders: A Comprehensive Approach to Case Conceptualization and Treatment. Pearson Education, Inc.Kumral, E. & Ozgoren, O. (2017). Major Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder: A Reappraisal to Vascular Dementia. Turkish Journal Of Neurology / Turk Noroloji Dergisi, 23(1), 1-8. Retrieved from Body Dementia Association. (2016). 10 Things You Should Know About LBD.Retrieved from , K. A., Marks, D. R., Kolson, D. L., & Jordan-Sciutto, K. L. (2010). HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Opportunities. Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, 5(3). Retrieved from , S. (2010). The HD Measuring Stick: Assessment Standards for Huntington’s Disease.Retrieved from , K. R., Holland, S. L., Meyer, K. S., Martin, E. M., Wilmore, M., & Grimes J. B. (2012). Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Military Medicine. Retrievedfrom Clinic. (2011). Brain Tumor. Retrieved from Clinic. (2011). Huntington’s Disease: Treatment. Retrieved from Clinic. (2011). Lewy Body Dementia. Retrieved from Clinic. (2014). Vascular Dementia. Retrieved from ’s Disease Foundation. (2017). Prescription Medications. Retrieved from , T. S. (2014). Prion-Related Diseases Medication. Medscape webpage.Retrieved from Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families. (2012). Screening, Assessment, and Treatment.Retrieved from , N. (n.d.). Screening Tests for HIV associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND).Retrieved from , B. (2012). Assessment scales in dementia. Sheehan, B. (2012). Assessment scales in dementia. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders, 5(6), 349–358. Retrieved from , A., Pacione, L. R., Shaw, T., Wasserman, L., Lenny, A., Verma, A., …. & Bhalerao, S. (2010). Pharmacological interventions for traumatic brain injury. BCMJ, 53(1).Retrieved from . (2017). Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to HIV Infection DSM-5 294.11 (F02.81). Retrieved from (f02.81).Walter, C., Edwards, N., Griggs, R., & Yehle, K. (2014). Differentiating Alzheimer Disease,Lewy Body, and Parkinson Dimentia Using DSM-5. Journal of Nurse Practiotioners, 10 (4). Retrieved from . ................
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