BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY

BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY

TIRUCHIRAPPALLI ? 620 024

CENTRE FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION

CHILDHOOD AND GROWING UP B.Ed. I YEAR

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Chairman Dr.V.M.Muthukumar Vice-Chancellor Bharathidasan University Tiruchirapplli-620 024 Vice-Chairman Dr.C.Thiruchelvam Registrar Bharathidasan University Tiruchirapplli-620 024 Course Director Dr. R. Babu Rajendran Director i/c Centre for Distance Education Bharathidasan University Tiruchirapplli-620 024 Course Material Co-ordinator Dr.K.Anandan Professor & Head, Dept .of Education Centre for Distance Education Bharathidasan University Tiruchirapplli-620 024 Author Dr.Robinson Asst.Professor Pernthalaivar Kamaraj College of Education Karaikal, Pondicherry (U T)

The Syllabus adopted from 2015-16 onwards

CHILDHOOD & GROWING UP

UNIT ?I EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY ? GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Nature of Educational Psychology- Purpose and principles in teaching and learning ? Meaning of growth and development- Differences between growth and development, importance of growth and development. Theoretical view points to understand the human development process and concept of individual differences. (a) Biological (b) Psycho ? analytical (c) Cognitive Implications ? Cognitive development ? Attention factors to attention ? Span of Attention ? Inattention and distraction ? Concept formation types.

UNIT ?I EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY ? GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Structure 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Meaning of Psychology 1.4 Branches of Psychology 1.5 Educational Psychology 1.6 Purpose and principles of teaching and learning 1.7 Meaning of growth and development 1.8 Differences between growth and development 1.9 Importance of growth and development 1.10 Human development process 1.11 Concept of individual differences

1.11.1 Biological 1.11.2 Psycho- analytical 1.11.3 Cognitive implications 1.12 Cognitive development 1.13 Attention factors 1.13.1 Span of attention 1.13.2. Inattention and distraction 1.13.3 Concept formation types 1.14 Let us sum up 1.15 Unit- end activities 1.16 Answers to check your progress 1.17 Suggested readings

1.1 INTRODUCTION

As a teacher trainee, when you are engaged in the teaching -learning activity if you understand the student's interests and needs you can make your teaching according to their needs, they will be interested in learning and consider you as a good teacher. How do you understand the attitudes, interests and needs and aptitudes of the students? Psychology helps you to understand the mental activities, experiences and behavior of human beings. Psychology deals with not only the behavior of the conscious level, it also deals with the experiences of sub-conscious and unconscious levels of human mind.

Behavior in Psychology includes the physical activities and mental activities such as thinking, imagining that could be indirectly observed and emotions such as anger, joy. Behavior in Psychology is explained in terms of stimulus and response. The Psychologists feel that the changes in the development are not uniform at all ages. The Growth and development is studied in biological, psychoanalytical and cognitive implications.

1.2 OBJECTIVES

After learning this unit, you will be able to ? Understand the meaning of Psychology ? Identify the importance of educational psychology ? Explain the human development process ? Discuss the cognitive development factors

1.3 MEANING OF PSYCHOLOGY

The word Psychology is derived from two Greek words Psyche and Logus. `Psyche' means soul, `logus' means science. So psychology in the beginning was meant to be the science of soul. Later people began to question the existence of soul.

So Psychology was defined as the science of mind. The activity of mind cannot be externally observable; so Psychology was defined later as the science of human behavior.

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1.4 BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY

As knowledge expands different disciplines branch from basic disciplines and from the interface between basic disciplines. Psychology also different disciplines developed. We now have child Psychology, abnormal Psychology, social Psychology, educational Psychology, counseling Psychology, industrial Psychology and many other Psychologies developed from the basic Psychology. As a teacher trainee you may be interested more in educational Psychology and a few other allied branches namely social Psychology, developmental Psychology and counseling Psychology.

1.5 EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

Educational psychology will help the teacher to get answers for the following questions. (i) Who are to be educated? (ii) Why should one be educated? (iii) Where should education be given? (iv) When it should be given? (v) How should it be given? and many other questions relating to teaching learning process.

Educational psychology has different dimensions. It deals with the characteristics of students, teaching ? learning context, methods of teaching- learning strategies, mentality of the students, mental hygiene and other aspects of education. Teacher is responsible for the development of student in all three dimensions of human behavior namely cognitive, affective and psychomotor. Psychology explains the interdependent of these three domains and the need for the importance of the development of all the domains in the students. Thus the knowledge of psychology will help the teacher in selfunderstanding, developing professional skills and fulfilling social demands.

1.6 PURPOSE AND PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING & LEARNING

A teacher's most typical role is that of instructional expert. In that role, the teacher is responsible for planning activities to facilitate learning. The teacher is responsible for guiding students in learning activities and evaluating them. Beyond these instructional responsibilities, a teacher also takes on the role of manager. A teacher needs to bring order and structure to the environment to facilitate the learning process.

Teaching is what one does in an attempt to induce or facilitate learning. Effective teachers demonstrate the ability to (i) Organize class room (2) Manage by setting and

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