Questions on chapter 11(cardiovascular)
Questions on chapter 11(cardiovascular)
I-Mention in short
-parts of the aorta
-arteries of the upper limb
- arteries of the lower limb
-structural differences between arteries and veins
-factors that help in venous return
-predisposing factors for varicose veins
-the three layers of heart wall
-what is cardiac output
-the four chambers of the heart and blood vessels connected to each
-the four valves of the heart and its location
-the two common problems met with in valves
-what is circle of Willis
-what is hepatic portal circulation
-blood shunts present in the fetus
-what is pulse
-what is blood pressure
-5 pressure points used to feel pulse
-the two main factors affecting blood pressure
-factors that affect blood pressure
-how the kidney can affect blood pressure
-the two forces that control capillary exchange
-what of these factors increase or decrease blood pressure:adrenaline,histamine nicotine,alcohol,heat, cold
-waves of ECG and the cause of each
-parts of intrinsic conduction system of the heart
II-Fill in spaces
-feeling pulsation in----------------------------artey indicates adequate circulation to foot
-systolic blood pressure below 100mmHg is called while that above140 is called-----------
-the apex of the heart is directed toward the left --------and rests on the----------------, approximately at the level of the-------------intercostal space in the ----------------line
-the posterosuperior aspect of the heart is called its----------, it lies beneath the ---------rib
--------------------is a double sac of serous membrane,the inner layer is called--------------------or-----------------
the ventricles are separated by------------------septum while atria are separated by-------------
the---------------------circulation carries blood from the right side to the left while---------------circulation carries blood from left to right
---------------------anchor the cusps of AV valves to the walls of the ventricles
-the arteries suppling the heart are called---------------
-crushing chest pain due to ischaemia is called-----------------
--------------------------is a serious complication of varicose veins
-a common complication of thrombophlebitis is--------------------
-the only branches of ascending aorta are
-----------arteries serves the kidneys
----------artery supplies the ovaries while-------------------supplies the testis
-the first branch of abdominal aorta is called------------------
-the final branches of abdominal aorta are------------------
-external iliac artey continues as------------------ artery
-veins draining the head and arms empty into----------------------and those draining the lower body empty into-------------------------------
-the basilica and cephalic veins are joined at the anterior aspect of the elbow by the--------------------------------------
-the ------------------------------is often chosen as a site for blood sample -the external and internal iliac veins join to form-------------
-if ischaemic hert cells die,it leads to what is called------------------------
-umblical cord cotains---------------artery and----------------vein
-all blood constituents can pass through capillaries except------------------and-------
- through capillaries blood exchange with-----------------------fluid before the cells
-cold causes -------------------------while heat causes ----------------------of blood vessel
-atrial repolarization does not appear in ECG because it is covered by------------------
-cardiac output is about--------------------------- while stroke volume is about-------------
-normal heart rate is about ---------, rate bellow ---------- is called bradycardia but rate above 100is called--------------------
III-True or false
-through capillaries blood exchanges directly with cells
-the great saphenous veins are the longest veins in the body
-each semilunar valve has three cusps
-the heart is supplied by blood in its chambers
-the coronary sinus empties in the right atrium
-the coronary arteries are filled during systole
the coronary arteries branch from the base of the pulmonary trunck
-arteries always carry oxygenated blood
-arteries are able toexpand and recoil
-cardiac output usually equals venous return
-all bood constituents can pass through capillaries
-depolarization waves can reach the vebtricles only through AV node
-the pacemaker of the heart is ---------------
- in heart block,----------------- is damaged
-rapid uncoordinated shuddering of heart muscle is called------------------- ,it is caused usually by-------------------
IV-Match table A with table B
Table A ( )brachiocephalic Table B 1-suplies head and upper limb
( )vertebral 2-suplies posterior part of brain
( )subclavian 3-extends to upper limb
( )external iliac 4-extends to lower limb
( )gonadal 5-testicular and ovarian
( )renal 6-to the kidneys
( )pulmonary trunk 7-short wide divide into two brabches
( )celiac trunk 8- short wide divide into 3 branches
( )coronary 9-to heart muscle
( )popliteal 10-behind the knee
Table A ( )pulmonary veins Table B 1-carries oxygenated blood,4 in number
( )umblical vein 2-carries blood from placenta to the fetus
( )great saphenous vein 3-common site for varicose veins
( )jugular veins 4-carries blood from braibn to the heart
( )hepatic portal vein 5-carries blood from intestine to liver
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